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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1961 book by Erving Goffman</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asylums%3A+Essays+on+the+Social+Situation+of+Mental+Patients+and+Other+Inmates&rft.author=%5B%5BErving+Goffman%5D%5D&rft.date=1961&rft.pub=%5B%5BAnchor+Books%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=386&rft_id=info:oclcnum/744111"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Asylums_(book).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Asylums_%28book%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Erving Goffman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Total_institution" title="Total institution">Total institutions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor Books">Anchor Books</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1961</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">Hardcover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">Paperback</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">386</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744111">744111</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Asylums: Essays on the Condition of the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates</b></i> is a 1961 collection of four essays by the sociologist <a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Erving Goffman</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylums_(book)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on his <a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">participant observation</a> <a href="/wiki/Field_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">field work</a> (he was employed as a physical therapist's assistant under a grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health" title="National Institute of Mental Health">National Institute of Mental Health</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Mental_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental institution">mental institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>), Goffman details his theory of the "<a href="/wiki/Total_institution" title="Total institution">total institution</a>" (principally in the example he gives, as the title of the book indicates, mental institutions) and the process by which it takes efforts to maintain predictable and regular behavior on the part of both "guard" and "captor", suggesting that many of the features of such institutions serve the ritual function of ensuring that both classes of people know their function and <a href="/wiki/Social_role" class="mw-redirect" title="Social role">social role</a>, in other words of "<a href="/wiki/Institutionalisation" title="Institutionalisation">institutionalising</a>" them. Goffman concludes that adjusting the inmates to their role has at least as much importance as "curing" them. In the essay "Notes on the Tinkering Trades", Goffman concluded that the "<a href="/wiki/Medicalization" title="Medicalization">medicalization</a>" of mental illness and the various treatment modalities are offshoots of the 19th century and the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and that the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Medical_model" title="Medical model">medical model</a>" for treating patients was a variation on the way trades- and craftsmen of the late 19th century repaired clocks and other mechanical objects: in the confines of a shop or store, contents and routine of which remained a mystery to the customer. </p><p>The book comprises four free-standing essays: <i>On the Characteristics of Total Institutions</i>, <i>The Moral Career of the Mental Patient</i>, <i>The Underlife of a Public Institution</i> and <i>The Medical Model and Mental Hospitalization</i>. </p><p>The first chapter, "Characteristics of Total Institutions," provides a comprehensive examination of social life within institutions, heavily citing two examples — mental asylums and prisons. This chapter outlines the topics to be elaborated on in subsequent chapters and their place within the overall discussion. The second chapter, "The Moral Career of the Mentally Ill," examines the preliminary impacts of "institutionalization" on the social relationships of those who have not yet become inmates. The third chapter, "The Underlife of Public Institutions," focuses on what people expect from inmates in terms of attachment to an institution that is supposed to be a fortress, as well as how inmates maintain some distance from these expectations. The fourth chapter, "Medical Models and Mental Hospitalization," shifts the focus back to institutional staff, using mental hospitals as an example to examine the role of medical viewpoints in presenting the situation to the inmates. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/20382579/">Cited sources</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylums_(book)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Asylums</i> brought Goffman immediate recognition when it was published in 1961, and by the 1970s had become required reading in some introductory sociology courses, according to socialist author <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sedgwick" title="Peter Sedgwick">Peter Sedgwick</a>, who considered the book a "powerful and compelling study" and the recognition it brought to Goffman "thoroughly deserved".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Self-reflection">Self-reflection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylums_(book)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Self-reflection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After experiencing the mental illness of someone close to him first-hand (presumably his first wife, who committed suicide in 1964), Goffman remarked this book would have been "very different" had he written it after the experience.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylums_(book)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The book has been subject to a number of scholarly studies and responses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylums_(book)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment">Stanford prison experiment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylums_(book)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF厄文．高夫曼2012" class="citation book cs1">厄文．高夫曼 (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/20382579/"><i>精神病院</i></a>. Translated by 群學翻譯工作室譯; 萬毓澤校訂. 群學出版有限公司. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-6525-62-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-6525-62-9"><bdi>978-986-6525-62-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2&rft.pub=%E7%BE%A4%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.date=2012-11&rft.isbn=978-986-6525-62-9&rft.au=%E5%8E%84%E6%96%87%EF%BC%8E%E9%AB%98%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.douban.com%2Fsubject%2F20382579%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedgwick1987" class="citation book cs1">Sedgwick, Peter (1987). <i>PsychoPolitics</i>. Pluto Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86104-352-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86104-352-9"><bdi>0-86104-352-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PsychoPolitics&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-86104-352-9&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMechanic1989" class="citation journal cs1">Mechanic, David (June 1989). "Medical Sociology: Some Tensions Among Theory, Method, and Substance". <i>Journal of Health and Social Behavior</i>. <b>30</b> (2): 148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2137009">10.2307/2137009</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2137009">2137009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health+and+Social+Behavior&rft.atitle=Medical+Sociology%3A+Some+Tensions+Among+Theory%2C+Method%2C+and+Substance&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=148&rft.date=1989-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2137009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2137009%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mechanic&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1978" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, Sheralyn (1978-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00760506">"Fifteen years afterAsylums: Description of a program for victims of the total institution"</a>. <i>Clinical Social Work Journal</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 44–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00760506">10.1007/BF00760506</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-3343">1573-3343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Social+Work+Journal&rft.atitle=Fifteen+years+afterAsylums%3A+Description+of+a+program+for+victims+of+the+total+institution&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-52&rft.date=1978-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00760506&rft.issn=1573-3343&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Sheralyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2FBF00760506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinstein1994" class="citation journal cs1">Weinstein, Raymond M. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00332747.1994.11024699">"Goffman's Asylums and the Total Institution Model of Mental Hospitals"</a>. <i>Psychiatry</i>. <b>57</b> (4): 348–367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00332747.1994.11024699">10.1080/00332747.1994.11024699</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-2747">0033-2747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Goffman%27s+Asylums+and+the+Total+Institution+Model+of+Mental+Hospitals&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=348-367&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00332747.1994.11024699&rft.issn=0033-2747&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=Raymond+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F00332747.1994.11024699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFineMartin1990" class="citation journal cs1">Fine, Gary Alan; Martin, Daniel D. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/089124190019001005">"A PARTISAN VIEW: Sarcasm, Satire, and Irony as Voices in Erving Goffman's Asylums"</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary Ethnography</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 89–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F089124190019001005">10.1177/089124190019001005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0891-2416">0891-2416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Ethnography&rft.atitle=A+PARTISAN+VIEW%3A+Sarcasm%2C+Satire%2C+and+Irony+as+Voices+in+Erving+Goffman%27s+Asylums&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-115&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F089124190019001005&rft.issn=0891-2416&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Gary+Alan&rft.au=Martin%2C+Daniel+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F089124190019001005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlamGillGlackinKelly2013" class="citation journal cs1">Adlam, John; Gill, Irwin; Glackin, Shane N.; Kelly, Brendan D.; Scanlon, Christopher; Mac Suibhne, Seamus (2013-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-012-9410-z">"Perspectives on Erving Goffman's "Asylums" fifty years on"</a>. <i>Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 605–613. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11019-012-9410-z">10.1007/s11019-012-9410-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1572-8633">1572-8633</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22570092">22570092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine%2C+Health+Care+and+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+Erving+Goffman%27s+%22Asylums%22+fifty+years+on&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=605-613&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.issn=1572-8633&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22570092&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11019-012-9410-z&rft.aulast=Adlam&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Gill%2C+Irwin&rft.au=Glackin%2C+Shane+N.&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Brendan+D.&rft.au=Scanlon%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Mac+Suibhne%2C+Seamus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11019-012-9410-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuibhne2011" class="citation journal cs1">Suibhne, Seamus Mac (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/erving-goffmans-asylums-50-years-on/06DC5E0BDB27D28C29BB0BEA3A31C03A">"Erving Goffman's Asylums 50 years on"</a>. <i>The British Journal of Psychiatry</i>. <b>198</b> (1): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192%2Fbjp.bp.109.077172">10.1192/bjp.bp.109.077172</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1250">0007-1250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Erving+Goffman%27s+Asylums+50+years+on&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1192%2Fbjp.bp.109.077172&rft.issn=0007-1250&rft.aulast=Suibhne&rft.aufirst=Seamus+Mac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fthe-british-journal-of-psychiatry%2Farticle%2Ferving-goffmans-asylums-50-years-on%2F06DC5E0BDB27D28C29BB0BEA3A31C03A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapps2016" class="citation journal cs1">Capps, Donald (2016-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-015-0665-1">"The Mortification of the Self: Erving Goffman's Analysis of the Mental Hospital"</a>. <i>Pastoral Psychology</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 103–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11089-015-0665-1">10.1007/s11089-015-0665-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-6679">1573-6679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pastoral+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+Mortification+of+the+Self%3A+Erving+Goffman%27s+Analysis+of+the+Mental+Hospital&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-126&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11089-015-0665-1&rft.issn=1573-6679&rft.aulast=Capps&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11089-015-0665-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouras2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bouras, Nick (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/on-asylums-essays-on-the-social-situation-of-mental-patients-and-other-inmates-by-erving-goffman/D6E3C7817247205F7D1B9F319081A9E7">"On Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and other Inmates, by Erving Goffman"</a>. <i>The British Journal of Psychiatry</i>. <b>205</b> (6): 427. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192%2Fbjp.bp.113.140442">10.1192/bjp.bp.113.140442</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1250">0007-1250</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25587580">25587580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=On+Asylums%3A+Essays+on+the+Social+Situation+of+Mental+Patients+and+other+Inmates%2C+by+Erving+Goffman&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=427&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0007-1250&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25587580&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1192%2Fbjp.bp.113.140442&rft.aulast=Bouras&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fthe-british-journal-of-psychiatry%2Farticle%2Fon-asylums-essays-on-the-social-situation-of-mental-patients-and-other-inmates-by-erving-goffman%2FD6E3C7817247205F7D1B9F319081A9E7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlinzig2022" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schlinzig, Tino (2022), Lenz, Karl; Hettlage, Robert (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05871-3_38">"Asylums. Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates"</a>, <i>Goffman-Handbuch: Leben – Werk – Wirkung</i> (in German), Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, pp. 275–281, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-476-05871-3_38">10.1007/978-3-476-05871-3_38</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-476-05871-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-476-05871-3"><bdi>978-3-476-05871-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Goffman-Handbuch%3A+Leben+%E2%80%93+Werk+%E2%80%93+Wirkung&rft.atitle=Asylums.+Essays+on+the+Social+Situation+of+Mental+Patients+and+Other+Inmates&rft.pages=275-281&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-476-05871-3_38&rft.isbn=978-3-476-05871-3&rft.aulast=Schlinzig&rft.aufirst=Tino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-476-05871-3_38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard1984" class="citation journal cs1">Richard, Michel P. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41881559">"Asylums Revisited: 1957-1982"</a>. <i>International Social Science Review</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 171–178. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-2308">0278-2308</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41881559">41881559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Social+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Asylums+Revisited%3A+1957-1982&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=171-178&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41881559%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0278-2308&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Michel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41881559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsylums+%28book%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-psychiatry" title="Template:Anti-psychiatry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-psychiatry" title="Template talk:Anti-psychiatry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-psychiatry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-psychiatry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-psychiatry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anti-psychiatry" title="Anti-psychiatry">Anti-psychiatry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopsychiatry_controversy" title="Biopsychiatry controversy">Biopsychiatry controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_about_psychiatry" title="Controversies about psychiatry">Controversies about psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Psychiatry_Network" title="Critical Psychiatry Network">Critical psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_Voices_Movement" title="Hearing Voices Movement">Hearing Voices Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mental_disorders" title="History of mental disorders">History of mental disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_commitment" title="Involuntary commitment">Involuntary commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_treatment" title="Involuntary treatment">Involuntary treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Mitchell_effect" title="Martha Mitchell effect">Martha Mitchell effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_ethics_cases" title="List of medical ethics cases">Medical ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicalization" title="Medicalization">Medicalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicalisation_of_sexuality" title="Medicalisation of sexuality">of sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model" title="Medical model">medical model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouthetic_counseling" title="Nouthetic counseling">Nouthetic counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_psychiatric_survivors_movement" title="Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement">Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry" title="Political abuse of psychiatry">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_disintegration" title="Positive disintegration">Positive disintegration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_survivors_movement" title="Psychiatric survivors movement">Psychiatric survivors movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalytic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_model" title="Recovery model">Recovery model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_therapy" title="Rhetoric of therapy">Rhetoric of therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenhan_experiment" title="Rosenhan experiment">Rosenhan experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-help_groups_for_mental_health" title="Self-help groups for mental health">Self-help groups for mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_community" title="Therapeutic community">Therapeutic community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Abolition_of_Involuntary_Mental_Hospitalization" title="American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization">American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspies_For_Freedom" title="Aspies For Freedom">Aspies For Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Network_International" title="Autism Network International">Autism Network International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazelon_Center_for_Mental_Health_Law" title="Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law">Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Citizens Commission on Human Rights">Citizens Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Psychiatry_Network" title="Critical Psychiatry Network">Critical Psychiatry Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Rights_International" title="Disability Rights International">Disability Rights International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_Voices_Network" title="Hearing Voices Network">Hearing Voices Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarus_Project" title="Icarus Project">Icarus Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Disability_Alliance" title="International Disability Alliance">International Disability Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_Disability_Coalition" title="Learning Disability Coalition">Learning Disability Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Pride">Mad Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MindFreedom_International" title="MindFreedom International">MindFreedom International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Empowerment_Center" title="National Empowerment Center">National Empowerment Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Psychology_Network" title="Radical Psychology Network">Radical Psychology Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_International" title="Rehabilitation International">Rehabilitation International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Rights_UK" title="Disability Rights UK">Royal Association for Disability Rights</a></li> <li>Paranoia Network</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(psychiatric_treatment)" title="Soteria (psychiatric treatment)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Patients%27_Collective" title="Socialist Patients' Collective">Socialist Patients' Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Users_and_Survivors_of_Psychiatry" title="World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry">World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Andre" title="Linda Andre">Linda Andre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Antonucci" title="Giorgio Antonucci">Giorgio Antonucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Basaglia" title="Franco Basaglia">Franco Basaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Becker" title="Ernest Becker">Ernest Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauretta_Bender" title="Lauretta Bender">Lauretta Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bentall" title="Richard Bentall">Richard Bentall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Breggin" title="Peter Breggin">Peter Breggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Caplan" title="Paula Caplan">Paula Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Chabasinski" title="Ted Chabasinski">Ted Chabasinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Chamberlin" title="Judi Chamberlin">Judi Chamberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cooper_(psychiatrist)" title="David Cooper (psychiatrist)">David Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyn_Duff" title="Lyn Duff">Lyn Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Roy_Frank" title="Leonard Roy Frank">Leonard Roy Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Erving Goffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gottstein" title="James Gottstein">James Gottstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._G%C3%B8tzsche" title="Peter C. Gøtzsche">Peter C. Gøtzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._D._Laing" title="R. D. Laing">R. D. Laing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lehmann_(author)" title="Peter Lehmann (author)">Peter Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Mosher" title="Loren Mosher">Loren Mosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Moncrieff" title="Joanna Moncrieff">Joanna Moncrieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Oaks" title="David Oaks">David Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Packard" title="Elizabeth Packard">Elizabeth Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascha_Altman_DuBrul" title="Sascha Altman DuBrul">Sascha Scatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Smail_(psychologist)" title="David Smail (psychologist)">David Smail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Thomas Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ticktin" title="Stephen Ticktin">Stephen Ticktin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Whitaker_(author)" title="Robert Whitaker (author)">Robert Whitaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Against_Therapy" title="Against Therapy">Against Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_an_Epidemic" title="Anatomy of an Epidemic">Anatomy of an Epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Oedipus" title="Anti-Oedipus">Anti-Oedipus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asylums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Therapies" title="Crazy Therapies">Crazy Therapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctoring_the_Mind" title="Doctoring the Mind">Doctoring the Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_of_Schizophrenia" title="Interpretation of Schizophrenia">Interpretation of Schizophrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_by_Oppression" title="Liberation by Oppression">Liberation by Oppression</a></li> 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