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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trip_to_the_North_and_early_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trip_to_the_North_and_early_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Trip to the North and early writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trip_to_the_North_and_early_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Orleans_and_early_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Orleans_and_early_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 New Orleans and early novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Orleans_and_early_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Sound_and_the_Fury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Sound_and_the_Fury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 The Sound and the Fury </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Sound_and_the_Fury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1929–1931" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1929–1931"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1929–1931 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1929–1931-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_in_August_and_Hollywood_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_in_August_and_Hollywood_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Light in August and Hollywood years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_in_August_and_Hollywood_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prize_and_later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prize_and_later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Nobel Prize and later years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prize_and_later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Writing </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Writing subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Style_and_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Style and technique </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes_and_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes_and_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Themes and analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes_and_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_list_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_list_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Selected list of works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_list_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes and references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Citations and references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">William Faulkner</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" > 106 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ويليام فوكنر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام فوكنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Folkner" title="Vilyam Folkner – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Folkner" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام فاکنر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام فاکنر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উইলিয়াম ফকনার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম ফকনার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уільям Катберт Фолкнер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Катберт Фолкнер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8E%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Ўільям Фолкнэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўільям Фолкнэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Уилям Фокнър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Фокнър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уильям Фолкнер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уильям Фолкнер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A6%CF%8E%CE%BA%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Γουίλιαμ Φώκνερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλιαμ Φώκνερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام فاکنر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام فاکنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%ED%8F%AC%ED%81%AC%EB%84%88" title="윌리엄 포크너 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 포크너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ուիլյամ Ֆոլքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Ֆոլքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम फाकनर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम फाकनर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="ויליאם פוקנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם פוקנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಫಾಕ್ನರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಫಾಕ್ನರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ფოლკნერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ ფოლკნერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уильям Фолкнер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уильям Фолкнер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уилям Фолкнер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уилям Фолкнер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Faulkner" title="Gulielmus Faulkner – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_Folkners" title="Viljams Folkners – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams Folkners" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вилијам Фокнер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам Фокнер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BC" title="വില്യം ഫോക്നർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യം ഫോക്നർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विल्यम फॉकनर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम फॉकनर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ფოლკნერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უილიამ ფოლკნერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وليام فوكنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام فوكنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام فاکنر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام فاکنر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Вильям Фолкнэр – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вильям Фолкнэр" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・フォークナー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・フォークナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਫ਼ਾਕਨਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਫ਼ਾਕਨਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%90%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وِلیئم فاکنر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وِلیئم فاکنر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وېلیم فاکنر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېلیم فاکنر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Фолкнер, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фолкнер, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вилијам Фокнер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Фокнер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Faulkner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியம் பால்க்னர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் பால்க்னர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Folkner" title="William Folkner – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="William Folkner" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American writer (1897–1962)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Faulkner" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Faulkner (disambiguation)">Faulkner (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="William Faulkner (disambiguation)">William Faulkner (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">William Faulkner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_(greyscale_and_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Faulkner in 1954"><img alt="Faulkner in 1954" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_%28greyscale_and_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_%28greyscale_and_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_%28greyscale_and_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_%28greyscale_and_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_%28greyscale_and_cropped%29.jpg/440px-Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner_%28greyscale_and_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2507" data-file-height="3212" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Faulkner in 1954</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">William Cuthbert Falkner (1897-09-25)September 25, 1897 <a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Mississippi" title="New Albany, Mississippi">New Albany, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">July 6, 1962(1962-07-06) (aged 64) <a href="/wiki/Byhalia,_Mississippi" title="Byhalia, Mississippi">Byhalia, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a> (no degree)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</li><li><a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a> (1930)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Faulkner_novel)" title="Sanctuary (Faulkner novel)">Sanctuary</a> (1931)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a> (1932)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a> (1936)</li><li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> (1952)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (1949)</li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> (1951, 1955)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a> (1955, 1963)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Estelle Oldham</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1929)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Faulkner_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Faulkner_signature.png/150px-Faulkner_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Faulkner_signature.png/225px-Faulkner_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Faulkner_signature.png/300px-Faulkner_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="73" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> William Cuthbert Faulkner (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈfɔːknər/</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer. He is best known for <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_bibliography" title="William Faulkner bibliography">his novels and short stories</a> set in the fictional <a href="/wiki/Yoknapatawpha_County" title="Yoknapatawpha County">Yoknapatawpha County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, a stand-in for <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Mississippi" title="Lafayette County, Mississippi">Lafayette County</a> where he spent most of his life. A <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel laureate</a>, Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers of <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American literature</a> and often is considered the greatest writer of <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States_literature" title="Southern United States literature">Southern literature</a>. Faulkner was born in <a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Mississippi" title="New Albany, Mississippi">New Albany, Mississippi</a>, and raised in <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford, Mississippi</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a>, but did not serve in combat. Returning to Oxford, he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a> for three semesters before dropping out. He moved to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, where he wrote his first novel <a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_Pay" title="Soldiers' Pay">Soldiers' Pay</a> (1925). He went back to Oxford and wrote <a href="/wiki/Sartoris" title="Sartoris">Sartoris</a> (1927), his first work set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. In 1929, he published <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a>. The following year, he wrote <a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a>. Later that decade, he wrote <a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Palms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wild Palms">The Wild Palms</a>. He also worked as a screenwriter, contributing to <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>'s <a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not_(film)" title="To Have and Have Not (film)">To Have and Have Not</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a>, adapted from <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Chandler" title="Raymond Chandler">Raymond Chandler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep" title="The Big Sleep">novel</a>. The former film, adapted from <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not" title="To Have and Have Not">novel</a>, is the only film with contributions by two Nobel laureates.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Faulkner's reputation grew following publication of <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Cowley" title="Malcolm Cowley">Malcolm Cowley</a>'s The Portable Faulkner, and he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949 Nobel Prize in Literature</a> for "his powerful and unique contribution to the modern American novel."<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He is the only Mississippi-born Nobel laureate. Two of his works, <a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> (1954) and <a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a> (1962), won the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a>. Faulkner died from a heart attack on July 6, 1962, following a fall from his horse the month before. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a> called him "the greatest artist the South has produced". <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_heritage">Childhood and heritage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood and heritage">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Clark_Falkner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/William_Clark_Falkner.jpg/220px-William_Clark_Falkner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/William_Clark_Falkner.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Faulkner was influenced by stories of <a href="/wiki/William_Clark_Falkner" title="William Clark Falkner">William Clark Falkner</a>, his paternal great-grandfather and namesake.</figcaption></figure> Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897, in <a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Mississippi" title="New Albany, Mississippi">New Albany, Mississippi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> the first of four sons of Murry Cuthbert Falkner and Maud Butler.<a href="#cite_note-Ole_Miss-6">[6]</a> His family was upper middle-class, but "not quite of <a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">the old feudal cotton aristocracy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-obit-7">[7]</a> After Maud rejected Murry's plan to become a rancher in Texas,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a>, Mississippi in 1902,<a href="#cite_note-Minter_1980,_p._8-9">[9]</a> where Faulkner's father established a livery stable and hardware store before becoming the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a>'s business manager.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Minter_1980,_p._8-9">[9]</a> Except for short periods elsewhere, Faulkner lived in Oxford for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-Ole_Miss-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prize-11">[11]</a> Faulkner spent his boyhood listening to stories told to him by his elders – stories that spanned the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, slavery, the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, and the Faulkner family.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-12">[12]</a> Young William was greatly influenced by the history of his family and the region in which he lived. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of "<a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">white</a>" <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a>, his characterization of Southern characters, and his timeless themes, including fiercely intelligent people who are dwelling behind the façades of good ol' boys and simpletons.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> He was particularly influenced by stories of his great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/William_Clark_Falkner" title="William Clark Falkner">William Clark Falkner</a>, who had become a near legendary figure in North Mississippi. Born into poverty, the elder Falkner was a strict disciplinarian and was a Confederate colonel. Tried and acquitted twice on charges of murder, he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">Mississippi House</a> and became a part-owner of a railroad before being murdered by his co-owner. Faulkner incorporated many aspects of his great-grandfather's biography into his later works.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Faulkner initially excelled in school and skipped the second grade. However, beginning somewhere in the fourth and fifth grades, he became a quieter and more withdrawn child. He occasionally played truant and became indifferent about schoolwork. Instead, he took an interest in studying the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mississippi" title="History of Mississippi">history of Mississippi</a>. The decline of his performance in school continued, and Faulkner wound up repeating the eleventh and twelfth grades, never graduating from high school.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-12">[12]</a> As a teenager in Oxford, Faulkner dated Estelle Oldham (1897–1972), the popular daughter of Major Lemuel and Lida Oldham, and he also believed he would marry her.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> However, Estelle dated other boys during their romance, and, in 1918, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Franklin" title="Cornell Franklin">Cornell Franklin</a> (five years Faulkner's senior) proposed marriage to her before Faulkner did. She accepted.<a href="#cite_note-Parini_2004_pp._36-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[note 1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trip_to_the_North_and_early_writings">Trip to the North and early writings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trip to the North and early writings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Faulkner_in_Toronto,_Canada_(1918).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Faulkner is pictured in a military uniform and cap, leaning on a cane. A caption reads "Royal Flying Corps"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/William_Faulkner_in_Toronto%2C_Canada_%281918%29.jpg/220px-William_Faulkner_in_Toronto%2C_Canada_%281918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="471" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/William_Faulkner_in_Toronto%2C_Canada_%281918%29.jpg/330px-William_Faulkner_in_Toronto%2C_Canada_%281918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/William_Faulkner_in_Toronto%2C_Canada_%281918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Faulkner as a cadet in the Canadian RAF, 1918</figcaption></figure> When he was 17, Faulkner met <a href="/wiki/Phil_Stone" title="Phil Stone">Phil Stone</a>, who became an important early influence on his writing. Stone was four years his senior and came from one of Oxford's older families; he was passionate about literature and had bachelor's degrees from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a> and the University of Mississippi. Stone read and was impressed by some of Faulkner's early poetry, becoming one of the first to recognize and encourage Faulkner's talent. Stone mentored the young Faulkner, introducing him to the works of writers like <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, who influenced Faulkner's own writing. In his early 20s, Faulkner gave poems and short stories he had written to Stone in hopes of their being published. Stone sent these to publishers, but they were uniformly rejected.<a href="#cite_note-Coughlan,_Robert_1953-18">[17]</a> In spring 1918, Faulkner traveled to live with Stone at Yale, his first trip to the North.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Through Stone, Faulkner met writers like <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Anderson" title="Sherwood Anderson">Sherwood Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-connor5-20">[19]</a> Faulkner attempted to join the US Army. There are accounts of this that indicate he was rejected for being under weight and his short stature of 5'5".<a href="#cite_note-connor5-20">[19]</a> Other accounts purport to prove that the aforementioned accounts are false.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Although he initially planned to join the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> in hopes of being commissioned as an officer,<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> Faulkner then joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canadian RAF</a> with a forged letter of reference and left Yale to receive training in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Records indicate that Faulkner was never actually a member of the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> and never saw active service during the First World War.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Despite claiming so in his letters, Faulkner did not receive cockpit training or ever fly.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Returning to Oxford in December 1918, Faulkner told acquaintances false war-stories and even faked a war wound.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> In 1918, Faulkner's surname changed from "Falkner" to "Faulkner". According to one story, a careless typesetter made an error. When the misprint appeared on the title page of his first book, Faulkner was asked whether he wanted the change. He supposedly replied, "Either way suits me."<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In adolescence, Faulkner began writing poetry almost exclusively. He did not write his first novel until 1925. His literary influences are deep and wide. He once stated that he modeled his early writing on the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic era</a> in late 18th- and early 19th-century England.<a href="#cite_note-Ole_Miss-6">[6]</a> He attended the University of Mississippi, enrolling in 1919, studying for three semesters before dropping out in November 1920.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Faulkner joined the <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon">Sigma Alpha Epsilon</a> fraternity, and pursued his dream to become a writer.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> He skipped classes often and received a "D" grade in English. However, some of his poems were published in campus publications.<a href="#cite_note-Coughlan,_Robert_1953-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Porter,_Carolyn_2007-30">[29]</a> In 1922, his poem "Portrait" was published in the New Orleans literary magazine Double Dealer. The magazine published his "New Orleans" short story collection three years later.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> After dropping out, he took a series of odd jobs: at a New York City bookstore, as a carpenter in Oxford, and as the Ole Miss postmaster. He resigned from the post office with the declaration: "I will be damned if I propose to be at the beck and call of every itinerant scoundrel who has two cents to invest in a postage stamp."<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Orleans_and_early_novels">New Orleans and early novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Orleans and early novels">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Faulkner_(1924_publicity_photo_-_pipe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of Faulkner at bust length, in profile facing right, smoking a pipe, with short hair and a mustache." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_pipe%29.jpg/142px-William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_pipe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_pipe%29.jpg/213px-William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_pipe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_pipe%29.jpg/284px-William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_pipe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1131" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Faulkner_(1924_publicity_photo_-_chair).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of Faulkner seated in a chair." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_chair%29.jpg/142px-William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_chair%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_chair%29.jpg/213px-William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_chair%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_chair%29.jpg/284px-William_Faulkner_%281924_publicity_photo_-_chair%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1131" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Publicity photographs of Faulkner, summer 1924</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FQFauknerPirates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/FQFauknerPirates.jpg/170px-FQFauknerPirates.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/FQFauknerPirates.jpg/255px-FQFauknerPirates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/FQFauknerPirates.jpg/340px-FQFauknerPirates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>During part of his time in New Orleans, Faulkner lived in a house in the <a href="/wiki/French_Quarter" title="French Quarter">French Quarter</a> (pictured center yellow).</figcaption></figure> While most writers of Faulkner's <a href="/wiki/Lost_Generation" title="Lost Generation">generation</a> traveled to and lived in Europe, Faulkner remained writing in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Pikoulis_1982-33">[32]</a> Faulkner spent the first half of 1925 in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, where many <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian</a> artists and writers lived, specifically in the <a href="/wiki/French_Quarter" title="French Quarter">French Quarter</a> where Faulkner lived beginning in March.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> During his time in New Orleans, Faulkner's focus drifted from poetry to prose and his literary style made a marked transition from <a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian</a> to <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">modernist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" title="The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate">The Times-Picayune</a> published several of his short works of prose.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> After being directly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Anderson" title="Sherwood Anderson">Sherwood Anderson</a>, Faulkner wrote his first novel, <a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_Pay" title="Soldiers' Pay">Soldiers' Pay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ole_Miss-6">[6]</a> in New Orleans. Soldiers' Pay and his other early works were written in a style similar to contemporaries <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> and <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>, at times nearly exactly appropriating phrases.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Anderson assisted in the publication of Soldiers' Pay and <a href="/wiki/Mosquitoes_(novel)" title="Mosquitoes (novel)">Mosquitoes</a> by recommending them to his publisher.<a href="#cite_note-Faulkner_2004-38">[37]</a> The miniature house at 624 Pirate's Alley, just around the corner from <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cathedral_(New_Orleans)" title="St. Louis Cathedral (New Orleans)">St. Louis Cathedral</a> in New Orleans, is now the site of Faulkner House Books, where it also serves as the headquarters of the Pirate's Alley Faulkner Society.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> During the summer of 1927, Faulkner wrote his first novel set in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County, titled <a href="/wiki/Flags_in_the_Dust" title="Flags in the Dust">Flags in the Dust</a>. This novel drew heavily from the traditions and history of the South, in which Faulkner had been engrossed in his youth. He was extremely proud of the novel upon its completion and he believed it a significant step up from his previous two novels—however, when submitted for publication to <a href="/wiki/Boni_%26_Liveright" title="Boni & Liveright">Boni & Liveright</a>, it was rejected. Faulkner was devastated by this rejection but he eventually allowed his literary agent, Ben Wasson, to edit the text, and the novel was published in 1929 as <a href="/wiki/Sartoris" title="Sartoris">Sartoris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Porter,_Carolyn_2007-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faulkner_2004-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[note 2]</a> The work was notable in that it was his first novel that dealt with the Civil War rather than the contemporary emphasis on World War I and its legacy.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Sound_and_the_Fury">The Sound and the Fury</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Sound and the Fury">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sound_and_the_Fury_(1929_1st_ed_dust_jacket).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg/170px-The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg/255px-The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg/340px-The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</figcaption></figure> In autumn 1928, just after his 31st birthday, Faulkner began working on <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a>. He started by writing three short stories about a group of children with the last name Compson, but soon began to feel that the characters he had created might be better suited for a full-length novel. Perhaps as a result of disappointment in the initial rejection of Flags in the Dust, Faulkner had now become indifferent to his publishers and wrote this novel in a much more experimental style. In describing the writing process for this work, Faulkner later said, "One day I seemed to shut the door between me and all publisher's addresses and book lists. I said to myself, 'Now I can write.'"<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> After its completion, Faulkner insisted that Wasson not do any editing or add any punctuation for clarity.<a href="#cite_note-Porter,_Carolyn_2007-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1929–1931">1929–1931</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1929–1931">edit</a>]</div> In 1929, Faulkner married Estelle Oldham, with Andrew Kuhn serving as best man at the wedding. Estelle brought with her two children from her previous marriage to <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Franklin" title="Cornell Franklin">Cornell Franklin</a> and Faulkner hoped to support his new family as a writer. Faulkner and Estelle later had a daughter, Jill, in 1933. He began writing <a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a> in 1929 while working night shifts at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Power_House" title="University of Mississippi Power House">University of Mississippi Power House</a>. The novel was published in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-1parini-43">[41]</a> Beginning in 1930, Faulkner sent some of his short stories to various national magazines. Several of these were published and brought him enough income to buy a house in Oxford for his family, which he named <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Oak" title="Rowan Oak">Rowan Oak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Williamson,_Joel_1993-44">[42]</a> Fueled by a desire to make money, Faulkner wrote <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Faulkner_novel)" title="Sanctuary (Faulkner novel)">Sanctuary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> With limited royalties from his work, he published short stories in magazines such as <a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a> to supplement his income.<a href="#cite_note-Bartunek_2017_p._98-46">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_in_August_and_Hollywood_years">Light in August and Hollywood years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Light in August and Hollywood years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Light_in_August_(1932_dust_jacket_cover).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Light_in_August_%281932_dust_jacket_cover%29.jpg/170px-Light_in_August_%281932_dust_jacket_cover%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Light_in_August_%281932_dust_jacket_cover%29.jpg/255px-Light_in_August_%281932_dust_jacket_cover%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Light_in_August_%281932_dust_jacket_cover%29.jpg/340px-Light_in_August_%281932_dust_jacket_cover%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a> (1932)</figcaption></figure> By 1932, Faulkner was in need of money. He asked Wasson to sell the serialization rights for his newly completed novel, Light in August, to a magazine for $5,000, but none accepted the offer. Then <a href="/wiki/MGM_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM Studios">MGM Studios</a> offered Faulkner work as a screenwriter in Hollywood. Faulkner was not an avid movie goer and had reservations about working in the movie industry. As André Bleikasten comments, he "was in dire need of money and had no idea how to get it...So he went to Hollywood."<a href="#cite_note-Bleikasten_2017_218-47">[45]</a> It has been noted that authors like Faulkner were not always hired for their writing prowess but "to enhance the prestige of the ...writers who hired them."<a href="#cite_note-Bleikasten_2017_218-47">[45]</a> He arrived in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, in May 1932. The job began a sporadic relationship with moviemaking and with California, which was difficult but he endured in order to earn "a consistent salary that supported his family back home."<a href="#cite_note-Solomon_2017_1-48">[46]</a> Initially, he declared a desire to work on <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse_(film_series)" title="Mickey Mouse (film series)">Mickey Mouse cartoons</a>, not realizing that they were produced by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Productions</a> and not MGM.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> His first screenplay was for <a href="/wiki/Today_We_Live" title="Today We Live">Today We Live</a>, an adaptation of his short story "Turnabout", which received a mixed response. He then wrote a screen adaptation of Sartoris that was never produced.<a href="#cite_note-Bartunek_2017_p._98-46">[44]</a> From 1932 to 1954, Faulkner worked on around 50 films.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> In early 1944, Faulkner wrote a screenplay adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not" title="To Have and Have Not">To Have and Have Not</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not_(film)" title="To Have and Have Not (film)">film</a> was the first starring <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>. Bogart and Bacall would star in Hawks's <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a>, another film Faulkner worked on.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Faulkner was highly critical of what he found in Hollywood, and he wrote letters that were "scathing in tone, painting a miserable portrait of a literary artist <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">imprisoned in a cultural Babylon</a>."<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Many scholars have brought attention to the dilemma he experienced and the predicament that caused him serious unhappiness.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Solomon_2017_1-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lights!_camera!_author!_authorship_as_Hollywood_performance.-55">[53]</a> In Hollywood he worked with director <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>, with whom he quickly developed a friendship, as they both enjoyed drinking and hunting. Howard Hawks' brother, <a href="/wiki/William_Hawks" title="William Hawks">William Hawks</a>, became Faulkner's <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> agent. Faulkner continued to find reliable work as a screenwriter from the 1930s to the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-Faulkner_2004-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williamson,_Joel_1993-44">[42]</a> While staying in Hollywood, Faulkner adopted a "vagrant" lifestyle, living in brief stints in hotels like the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Allah_Hotel" title="Garden of Allah Hotel">Garden of Allah Hotel</a> and frequenting the bar at the <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Roosevelt_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel">Roosevelt Hotel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Musso_%26_Frank_Grill" title="Musso & Frank Grill">Musso & Frank Grill</a> where he was said to have regularly gone behind the bar to mix his own Mint Juleps.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> He had an extramarital affair with Hawks' secretary and <a href="/wiki/Script_supervisor" title="Script supervisor">script girl</a>, Meta Carpenter.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> With the onset of World War II, in 1942, Faulkner tried to join the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> but was rejected. He instead worked on local <a href="/wiki/United_States_civil_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="United States civil defense">civil defense</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Capps_1966,_p._3-59">[57]</a> The war drained Faulkner of his enthusiasm. He described the war as "bad for writing".<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Amid this <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_block" title="Writer's block">creative slowdown</a>, in 1943, Faulkner began work on a new novel that merged World War I's <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier#History" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier">Unknown Soldier</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Christ</a>. Published over a decade later as <a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a>, it won the 1954 Pulitzer Prize.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> The award for A Fable was a controversial political choice. The jury had selected <a href="/wiki/Milton_Lott" title="Milton Lott">Milton Lott</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Hunt_(novel)" title="The Last Hunt (novel)">The Last Hunt</a> for the prize, but Pulitzer Prize Administrator Professor John Hohenberg convinced the Pulitzer board that Faulkner was long overdue for the award, despite A Fable being a lesser work of his, and the board overrode the jury's selection, much to the disgust of its members.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> By the time of The Portable Faulkner's publication, most of his novels had been out of print.<a href="#cite_note-Pikoulis_1982-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_Prize_and_later_years">Nobel Prize and later years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nobel Prize and later years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Faulkner_1954_(2)_(photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Faulkner is pictured in a chair before a brick well. He looks to the left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/William_Faulkner_1954_%282%29_%28photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten%29.jpg/170px-William_Faulkner_1954_%282%29_%28photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/William_Faulkner_1954_%282%29_%28photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten%29.jpg/255px-William_Faulkner_1954_%282%29_%28photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/William_Faulkner_1954_%282%29_%28photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten%29.jpg/340px-William_Faulkner_1954_%282%29_%28photo_by_Carl_van_Vechten%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2632" data-file-height="3440" /></a><figcaption>Faulkner in 1954</figcaption></figure> Faulkner was awarded the <a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949 Nobel Prize in Literature</a> for "his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel".<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> It was awarded at the following year's banquet along with the 1950 Prize to <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> When Faulkner visited <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> in December 1950 to receive the Nobel Prize, he met Else Jonsson (1912–1996), who was the widow of journalist <a href="/wiki/Thorsten_Jonsson" title="Thorsten Jonsson">Thorsten Jonsson</a> (1910–1950). Jonsson, a reporter for <a href="/wiki/Dagens_Nyheter" title="Dagens Nyheter">Dagens Nyheter</a> from 1943 to 1946, had interviewed Faulkner in 1946 and introduced his works to Swedish readers. Faulkner and Else had an affair that lasted until the end of 1953. At the banquet where they met in 1950, publisher Tor Bonnier introduced Else as the widow of the man responsible for Faulkner winning the Nobel Prize.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Faulkner's Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech on the immortality of the artists, although brief, contained a number of allusions and references to other literary works.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> However, Faulkner detested the fame and glory that resulted from his recognition. His aversion was so great that his 17-year-old daughter learned of the Nobel Prize only when she was called to the principal's office during the school day.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> He began by saying: "I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work – a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin."<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> He donated part of his Nobel money "to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers", eventually resulting in the <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_Foundation" title="William Faulkner Foundation">William Faulkner Foundation</a> (1960–1970). In 1951, Faulkner received the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur</a> medal from the government of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Faulkner served as the first Writer-in-Residence at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a> from February to June 1957 and again in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In 1961, Faulkner began writing his nineteenth and final novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a>. The novel is a nostalgic reminiscence, in which an elderly grandfather relates a humorous episode in which he and two boys stole a car to drive to a <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> bordello. In summer 1961, he finished the first draft.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> During this time, he injured himself in a series of falls.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> On June 17, 1962, Faulkner suffered a serious injury in a fall from his horse, which led to <a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">thrombosis</a>. He suffered a fatal heart attack on July 6, 1962, at the age of 64, at Wright's Sanatorium in <a href="/wiki/Byhalia,_Mississippi" title="Byhalia, Mississippi">Byhalia, Mississippi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ole_Miss-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prize-11">[11]</a> Faulkner is buried with his family in St. Peter's Cemetery in Oxford.<a href="#cite_note-Grave_Site-75">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TheFaulknerPortable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/TheFaulknerPortable.jpg/220px-TheFaulknerPortable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/TheFaulknerPortable.jpg/330px-TheFaulknerPortable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/TheFaulknerPortable.jpg/440px-TheFaulknerPortable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>One of Faulkner's typewriters</figcaption></figure> From the early 1920s to the outbreak of World War II, Faulkner published 13 novels and many short stories. This body of work formed the basis of his reputation and earned him the Nobel Prize at age 52. Faulkner's prodigious output include celebrated novels such as <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929), <a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a> (1930), <a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a> (1932), and <a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a> (1936). He was also a prolific writer of <a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short stories</a>. Faulkner's first short story collection, <a href="/wiki/These_13" title="These 13">These 13</a> (1931), includes many of his most acclaimed (and most frequently <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthologized</a>) stories, including "<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_for_Emily" title="A Rose for Emily">A Rose for Emily</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Red_Leaves" title="Red Leaves">Red Leaves</a>", "<a href="/wiki/That_Evening_Sun" title="That Evening Sun">That Evening Sun</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Dry_September" title="Dry September">Dry September</a>". He set many of his short stories and novels in <a href="/wiki/Yoknapatawpha_County" title="Yoknapatawpha County">Yoknapatawpha County</a>—which was based on and nearly geographically identical to Lafayette County (of which his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford, Mississippi</a>, is the county seat). Yoknapatawpha was Faulkner's "postage stamp", and the bulk of work that it represents is widely considered by critics to amount to one of the most monumental fictional creations in the history of literature. Three of his novels, <a href="/wiki/The_Hamlet" title="The Hamlet">The Hamlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Faulkner_novel)" title="The Town (Faulkner novel)">The Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mansion_(novel)" title="The Mansion (novel)">The Mansion</a>, known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Snopes_trilogy" title="Snopes trilogy">Snopes trilogy</a>, document the town of Jefferson and its environs, as an extended family headed by Flem Snopes insinuates itself into the lives and psyches of the general populace.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> Yoknapatawpha County has been described as a mental landscape.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> His short story "<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_for_Emily" title="A Rose for Emily">A Rose for Emily</a>" was his first story published in a major magazine, the Forum, but received little attention from the public. After revisions and reissues, it gained popularity and is now considered one of his best. Faulkner wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in small printings, The Marble Faun (1924), and A Green Bough (1933), and a collection of mystery stories, <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Gambit" title="Knight's Gambit">Knight's Gambit</a> (1949). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_and_technique">Style and technique</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Style and technique">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; font-size: 85%; padding:1.5em"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The peacefullest words. Peacefullest words. Non fui. Sum. Fui. Non sum. Somewhere I heard bells once. Mississippi or Massachusetts. I was. I am not. Massachusetts or Mississippi. Shreve has a bottle in his trunk. Aren't you even going to open it Mr and Mrs Jason Richmond Compson announce the Three times. Days. Aren't you even going to open it marriage of their daughter Candace that liquor teaches you to confuse the means with the end I am. Drink. I was not. Let us sell Benjy's pasture so that Quentin may go to Harvard and I may knock my bones together and together. I will be dead in. Was it one year Caddy said. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— An example of Faulkner's prose in <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</cite></div> </div> Carl Rollyson has argued that, "as an artist," Faulkner believed "he should be above worldly concerns and even morality."<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Faulkner was known for his experimental style with meticulous attention to <a href="/wiki/Diction" title="Diction">diction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cadence_(poetry)" title="Cadence (poetry)">cadence</a>. In contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">minimalist</a> understatement of his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>, Faulkner made frequent use of <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(narrative_mode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)">stream of consciousness</a> in his writing, and wrote often highly emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Gothic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grotesque#In_literature" title="Grotesque">grotesque</a> stories of a wide variety of characters including former slaves or descendants of slaves, poor white, agrarian, or working-class Southerners, and Southern aristocrats. Faulkner's contemporary critical reception was mixed, with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> noting that many critics regarded his work as "raw slabs of pseudorealism that had relatively little merit as serious writing".<a href="#cite_note-obit-7">[7]</a> His style has been described as "impenetrably convoluted".<a href="#cite_note-Pikoulis_1982-33">[32]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a> in 1956, Faulkner remarked: <blockquote>Let the writer take up surgery or bricklaying if he is interested in technique. There is no mechanical way to get the writing done, no shortcut. The young writer would be a fool to follow a theory. Teach yourself by your own mistakes; people learn only by error. The good artist believes that nobody is good enough to give him advice. He has supreme vanity. No matter how much he admires the old writer, he wants to beat him.</blockquote> In that same interview, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Stein" title="Jean Stein">Jean Stein</a> says "Some people say they can't understand your writing, even after they read it two or three times. What approach would you suggest for them?" Faulkner replies: "Read it four times." When asked about his influences, Faulkner says "the books I read are the ones I knew and loved when I was a young man and to which I return as you do to old friends: the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Cervantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a>—I read that every year, as some do the Bible. <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Balzac</a>—he created an intact world of his own, a bloodstream running through twenty books—<a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoyevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>. I read <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Melville</a> occasionally and, of the poets, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Marlowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Campion" title="Thomas Campion">Campion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Jonson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Herrick_(poet)" title="Robert Herrick (poet)">Herrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">Donne</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelley</a>."<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> Like his contemporaries <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, Faulkner uses stories and themes from classic literature in a modern context. Joyce, in <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a>, modeled the journey of his hero <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Bloom" title="Leopold Bloom">Leopold Bloom</a> on the adventures of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>. Eliot, in his essay "Ulysses, Order and Myth", wrote that "In using the myth, in manipulating a continuous parallel between contemporaneity and antiquity, Mr. Joyce is pursuing a method which others must pursue after him. They will not be imitators, any more than the scientist who uses the discoveries of an Einstein in pursuing his own, independent, further investigations. It is simply a way of controlling, of ordering, of giving a shape and a significance to the immense panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history."<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Faulkner's allusions to earlier authors are evidenced by his titles; the title of <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> comes from <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_and_tomorrow_and_tomorrow" title="Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow">Macbeth's soliloquy</a>: "it is a tale/ Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ Signifying nothing." The opening of the novel is told from the perspective of the intellectually disabled Benjy Compson. The title of <a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a> comes from <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>, where it is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> in the past tense: "As I lay dying, the woman with the dog's eyes would not close my eyes as I descended into Hades." Faulkner's novel, in contrast, is narrated in the present tense.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> The title of <a href="/wiki/Go_Down,_Moses_(book)" title="Go Down, Moses (book)">Go Down, Moses</a> is from an <a href="/wiki/Go_Down_Moses" title="Go Down Moses">African American spiritual</a>, and the book is dedicated "To Mammy / Caroline Barr / Mississippi / [1840–1940] Who was born in slavery and who gave to my family a fidelity without stint or calculation of recompense and to my childhood an immeasurable devotion and love."<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes_and_analysis">Themes and analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Themes and analysis">edit</a>]</div> Faulkner was against forced <a href="/wiki/Desegregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Desegregation">desegregation</a> and argued that <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights activist">civil rights activists</a> should "go slow" and be more moderate in their positions.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The essayist and novelist <a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a> was highly critical of his views around integration.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a> said that "No one in American fiction has done so much to explore the types of Negro personality as has Faulkner."<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Criticism" title="New Criticism">New Critics</a> became interested in Faulkner's work, with <a href="/wiki/Cleanth_Brooks" title="Cleanth Brooks">Cleanth Brooks</a> writing The Yoknapatawpha Country and Michael Millgate writing The Achievement of William Faulkner. Since then, critics have looked at Faulkner's work using other approaches, such as feminist and psychoanalytic methods.<a href="#cite_note-Faulkner_2004-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Faulkner's works have been placed within the literary traditions of <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">modernism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Renaissance" title="Southern Renaissance">Southern Renaissance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> French philosopher <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> wrote that Faulkner successfully imported classical <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a> into the 20th century through his "interminably unwinding spiral of words and sentences that conducts the speaker to the abyss of sufferings buried in the past".<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rowan_Oak.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white house set among trees" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rowan_Oak.JPG/220px-Rowan_Oak.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rowan_Oak.JPG/330px-Rowan_Oak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rowan_Oak.JPG/440px-Rowan_Oak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Faulkner's home <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Oak" title="Rowan Oak">Rowan Oak</a> is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_(FR94)_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_%28FR94%29_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg/220px-Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_%28FR94%29_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_%28FR94%29_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg/330px-Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_%28FR94%29_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_%28FR94%29_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg/440px-Plaque_Rue_William_Faulkner_-_Thiais_%28FR94%29_-_2022-04-14_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A Parisian street named for Faulkner</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> Faulkner is widely considered a towering figure in <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States_literature" title="Southern United States literature">Southern literature</a>; <a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a> wrote that "the presence alone of Faulkner in our midst makes a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do. Nobody wants his mule and wagon stalled on the same track the Dixie Limited is roaring down".<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> In 1943, while working at Warner Brothers, Faulkner wrote a letter of encouragement to a young Mississippi writer, <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> According to critic and translator <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Miles" title="Valerie Miles">Valerie Miles</a>, Faulkner's influence on <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Latin American fiction</a> is considerable, with fictional worlds created by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Macondo" title="Macondo">Macondo</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Onetti" title="Juan Carlos Onetti">Juan Carlos Onetti</a> (Santa Maria) being "very much in the vein of" Yoknapatawpha, and that "<a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Artemio_Cruz" title="The Death of Artemio Cruz">The Death of Artemio Cruz</a> wouldn't exist if not for <a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a>".<a href="#cite_note-kan-91">[89]</a> Fuentes himself cited Faulkner as one of the writers most important to him.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Faulkner had great influence on <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a>, particularly on his early novels <a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_the_Hero" title="The Time of the Hero">The Time of the Hero</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Green_House" title="The Green House">The Green House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conversation_in_The_Cathedral" title="Conversation in The Cathedral">Conversation in The Cathedral</a>. Vargas Llosa has claimed that during his student years he learned more from Yoknapatawpha than from classes.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> translated Faulkner's <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Palms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wild Palms">The Wild Palms</a> into Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The works of William Faulkner are a clear influence on the French novelist <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> and the Portuguese novelist <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Lobo_Antunes" title="António Lobo Antunes">António Lobo Antunes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> has been described as a "disciple of Faulkner".<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Elements_of_Style" title="The Elements of Style">The Elements of Style</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._B._White" title="E. B. White">E. B. White</a> cites Faulkner: "If the experiences of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mitty" title="Walter Mitty">Walter Mitty</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Tender_Is_the_Night" title="Tender Is the Night">Dick Diver</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Angstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbit Angstrom">Rabbit Angstrom</a> have seemed for the moment real to countless readers, if in reading Faulkner we have almost the sense of inhabiting Yoknapatawpha County during the decline of the South, it is because the details used are definite, the terms concrete." Later, Faulkner's style is contrasted with that of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> After his death, Estelle and their daughter, Jill, lived at Rowan Oak until Estelle's death in 1972. The property was sold to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a> that same year. The house and furnishings are maintained much as they were in Faulkner's day. Faulkner's scribblings are preserved on the wall, including the day-by-day outline covering a week he wrote on the walls of his small study to help him keep track of the plot twists in his novel <a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Some of Faulkner's Nobel Prize winnings went to establish the <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_Foundation" title="William Faulkner Foundation">William Faulkner Foundation</a>. It gave an Award for Notable First Novel; winners included <a href="/wiki/John_Knowles" title="John Knowles">John Knowles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Separate_Peace" title="A Separate Peace">A Separate Peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/V." title="V.">V.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Orchard_Keeper" title="The Orchard Keeper">The Orchard Keeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coover" title="Robert Coover">Robert Coover</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Brunists" title="The Origin of the Brunists">The Origin of the Brunists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Exley" title="Frederick Exley">Frederick Exley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Fan%27s_Notes" title="A Fan's Notes">A Fan's Notes</a>. Starting in 1981, this became the <a href="/wiki/PEN/Faulkner_Award_for_Fiction" title="PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction">PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction</a>, founded by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lee_Settle" title="Mary Lee Settle">Mary Lee Settle</a> as an alternative to the National Book Award.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> Some of Faulkner's works have been adapted into films. They have received a polarized response, with many critics contending that Faulkner's works are "unfilmable".<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> Faulkner's final work, The Reivers, was adapted into a <a href="/wiki/The_Reivers_(film)" title="The Reivers (film)">1969 film</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen" title="Steve McQueen">Steve McQueen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a>'s neo-Western film <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Burials_of_Melquiades_Estrada" title="The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada">The Three Burials of Melquiades Estada</a> was partly based on Faulkner's <a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Nazi Occupation of France</a> in World War II, the German occupiers banned American literature. A black-market of American books emerged, and reading works by Hemingway and Faulkner became an act of defiance.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Faulkner remains especially popular in France, where a 2009 poll found him the second most popular writer (after only <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>). Contemporary <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> stated that "for young people in France, Faulkner is a god", and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> made a stage adaptation of Faulkner's <a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_a_Nun" title="Requiem for a Nun">Requiem for a Nun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Breathless_(1960_film)" title="Breathless (1960 film)">Breathless</a>, Patricia (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Seberg" title="Jean Seberg">Jean Seberg</a>) quotes The Wild Palms: "Between grief and nothing, I will take grief."<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> He also won the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> twice, for Collected Stories in 1951<a href="#cite_note-nba1951-107">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-nba1955-108">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor on August 3, 1987.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Faulkner had once served as Postmaster at the University of Mississippi, and in his letter of resignation in 1923 wrote: <blockquote>As long as I live under the capitalistic system, I expect to have my life influenced by the demands of moneyed people. But I will be damned if I propose to be at the beck and call of every itinerant scoundrel who has two cents to invest in a postage stamp. This, sir, is my resignation.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a></blockquote> On October 10, 2019, a <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Writers_Trail" title="Mississippi Writers Trail">Mississippi Writers Trail</a> historical marker was installed at <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Oak" title="Rowan Oak">Rowan Oak</a> in Oxford, Mississippi honoring the contributions of William Faulkner to the American literary landscape.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections">Collections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Collections">edit</a>]</div> The manuscripts of most of Faulkner's works, correspondence, personal papers, and over 300 books from his working library reside at the <a href="/wiki/Albert_and_Shirley_Small_Special_Collections_Library" title="Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library">Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, where he spent much of his time in his final years. The library also houses some of the writer's personal effects and the papers of major Faulkner associates and scholars, such as his biographer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Blotner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Blotner (page does not exist)">Joseph Blotner</a>, bibliographer Linton Massey, and Random House editor Albert Erskine. <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Missouri_State_University" title="Southeast Missouri State University">Southeast Missouri State University</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Faulkner_Studies" title="Center for Faulkner Studies">Center for Faulkner Studies</a> is located, also owns a generous collection of Faulkner materials, including first editions, manuscripts, letters, photographs, artwork, and many materials pertaining to Faulkner's time in Hollywood. The university possesses many personal files and letters kept by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Blotner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Blotner (page does not exist)">Joseph Blotner</a>, along with books and letters that once belonged to Malcolm Cowley. The university achieved the collection due to a generous donation by Louis Daniel Brodsky, a collector of Faulkner materials, in 1989. Further significant Faulkner materials reside at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>. The Random House records at Columbia University also include letters by and to Faulkner.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> In 1966, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> dedicated a William Faulkner Room in its library.<a href="#cite_note-Capps_1966,_p._3-59">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_list_of_works">Selected list of works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Selected list of works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_bibliography" title="William Faulkner bibliography">William Faulkner bibliography</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Faulkner_novel)" title="Sanctuary (Faulkner novel)">Sanctuary</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/If_I_Forget_Thee,_Jerusalem" title="If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem">The Wild Palms</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hamlet" title="The Hamlet">The Hamlet</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Down,_Moses_(short_story_collection)" class="mw-redirect" title="Go Down, Moses (short story collection)">Go Down, Moses</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intruder_in_the_Dust" title="Intruder in the Dust">Intruder in the Dust</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Faulkner_novel)" title="The Town (Faulkner novel)">The Town</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mansion_(novel)" title="The Mansion (novel)">The Mansion</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a> (1962)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flesh_(1932_film)" title="Flesh (1932 film)">Flesh</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today_We_Live" title="Today We Live">Today We Live</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Temple_Drake" title="The Story of Temple Drake">The Story of Temple Drake</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Patrol" title="Submarine Patrol">Submarine Patrol</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_(film)" title="Air Force (film)">Air Force</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not_(film)" title="To Have and Have Not (film)">To Have and Have Not</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Pharaohs" title="Land of the Pharaohs">Land of the Pharaohs</a> (1955)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> He proposed marriage to her before Faulkner did. Her parents insisted she marry Franklin for various reasons: he was an Ole Miss law graduate, had recently been commissioned as a major in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Army_National_Guard" title="Hawaii Army National Guard">Hawaii Army National Guard</a>, and came from a respectable family with whom they were old friends.<a href="#cite_note-Parini_2004_pp._36-16">[16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> The original version was issued as <a href="/wiki/Flags_in_the_Dust" title="Flags in the Dust">Flags in the Dust</a> in 1973. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations_and_references">Citations and references</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations and references">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924225513/https://www.lexico.com/definition/faulkner%2C_william">"Faulkner, William"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexico.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexico.com">Lexico.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/faulkner%2C_william">the original</a> on September 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico.com&rft.atitle=Faulkner%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Ffaulkner%252C_william&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Faulkner">"Faulkner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Faulkner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FFaulkner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="#Phillips">Phillips (1980)</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/summary/">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949"</a>. NobelPrize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602015135/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/summary/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fliterature%2F1949%2Fsummary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="#Minter">Minter (1980)</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ole_Miss-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ole_Miss_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ole_Miss_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ole_Miss_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ole_Miss_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ole_Miss_6-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/faulkner_william/">MWP: William Faulkner (1897–1962)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151101145349/http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/faulkner_william/">Archived</a> November 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, OleMiss.edu; accessed September 26, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0925.html">"Faulkner's Home, Family and Heritage Were Genesis of Yoknapatawpha County"</a>. The New York Times. July 7, 1962. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218054512/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0925.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Faulkner%27s+Home%2C+Family+and+Heritage+Were+Genesis+of+Yoknapatawpha+County&rft.date=1962-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#Minter">Minter (1980)</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Minter_1980,_p._8-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minter_1980,_p._8_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minter_1980,_p._8_9-1">b</a> <a href="#Minter">Minter (1980)</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#O'Connor">O'Connor (1959)</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Prize-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_11-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/620">William Faulkner</a> on Nobelprize.org <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38392#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_12-1">b</a> Minter, David L. William Faulkner, His Life and Work. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-2347-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-2347-1">0-8018-2347-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/11/30/william-faulkners-demons">"William Faulkner's Demons"</a>. The New Yorker. November 18, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=William+Faulkner%27s+Demons&rft.date=2020-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2020%2F11%2F30%2Fwilliam-faulkners-demons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#O'Connor">O'Connor (1959)</a>, pp. 4–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#Parini">Parini (2004)</a>, pp. 22–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-Parini_2004_pp._36-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parini_2004_pp._36_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parini_2004_pp._36_16-1">b</a> <a href="#Parini">Parini (2004)</a>, pp. 36–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coughlan,_Robert_1953-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coughlan,_Robert_1953_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coughlan,_Robert_1953_18-1">b</a> Coughlan, Robert. The Private World of William Faulkner, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8154-0424-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8154-0424-7">0-8154-0424-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#Zeitlin">Zeitlin (2016)</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-connor5-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-connor5_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-connor5_20-1">b</a> <a href="#O'Connor">O'Connor (1959)</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#Zeitlin">Zeitlin (2016)</a>, pp. 17–18. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#Zeitlin">Zeitlin (2016)</a>, pp. 15–17. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#Zeitlin">Zeitlin (2016)</a>, pp. 17, 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2002" class="citation book cs1">Watson, James G. (2002). William Faulkner: Self-Presentation and Performance. Austin: University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-79151-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-79151-0"><bdi>978-0-292-79151-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner%3A+Self-Presentation+and+Performance&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-292-79151-0&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#Zeitlin">Zeitlin (2016)</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#Zeitlin">Zeitlin (2016)</a>, pp. 26–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: pp. 63–64. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86576-008-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86576-008-X">0-86576-008-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/faulkner_william">"University of Mississippi: William Faulkner"</a>. Olemiss.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922051232/http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/faulkner_william/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Mississippi%3A+William+Faulkner&rft.pub=Olemiss.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olemiss.edu%2Fmwp%2Fdir%2Ffaulkner_william&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessenger1983" class="citation book cs1">Messenger, Christian K. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-2XOVxoWpiQC&pg=PA219">Sport and the Spirit of Play in American Fiction: Hawthorne to Faulkner</a>. Columbia University Press. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51661-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51661-7"><bdi>978-0-231-51661-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302103604/https://books.google.com/books?id=-2XOVxoWpiQC&pg=PA219">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport+and+the+Spirit+of+Play+in+American+Fiction%3A+Hawthorne+to+Faulkner&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-231-51661-7&rft.aulast=Messenger&rft.aufirst=Christian+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-2XOVxoWpiQC%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter,_Carolyn_2007-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porter,_Carolyn_2007_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter,_Carolyn_2007_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter,_Carolyn_2007_30-2">c</a> Porter, Carolyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=awt9X0cAC40C">William Faulkner</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202104652/https://books.google.com/books?id=awt9X0cAC40C&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> December 2, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-531049-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-531049-7">0-19-531049-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#Koch">Koch (2007)</a>, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#O'Connor">O'Connor (1959)</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pikoulis_1982-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pikoulis_1982_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pikoulis_1982_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pikoulis_1982_33-2">c</a> <a href="#Pikoulis">Pikoulis (1982)</a>, p. ix. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="#Koch">Koch (2007)</a>, pp. 55–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="#Koch">Koch (2007)</a>, pp. 56, 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#Koch">Koch (2007)</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CITEREFMcKay2009">McKay (2009)</a>, pp. 119–121. </li> <li id="cite_note-Faulkner_2004-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Faulkner_2004_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faulkner_2004_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faulkner_2004_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faulkner_2004_38-3">d</a> Hannon, Charles. "Faulkner, William". The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Jay Parini (2004), Oxford University Press, Inc. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190201098.013.484">10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.484</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordsandmusic.org">"Pirate's Alley Faulkner Society Featuring Words & Music"</a>. Wordsandmusic.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628224641/http://www.wordsandmusic.org/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pirate%27s+Alley+Faulkner+Society+Featuring+Words+%26+Music&rft.pub=Wordsandmusic.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordsandmusic.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKay2009">McKay (2009)</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Porter, Carolyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=awt9X0cAC40C">William Faulkner</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202104652/https://books.google.com/books?id=awt9X0cAC40C&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> December 2, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-531049-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-531049-7">0-19-531049-7</a>, p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-1parini-43"><a href="#cite_ref-1parini_43-0">^</a> <a href="#Parini">Parini (2004)</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williamson,_Joel_1993-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson,_Joel_1993_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson,_Joel_1993_44-1">b</a> Williamson, Joel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0nZ93-IKIeoC">William Faulkner and Southern History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305200848/https://books.google.com/books?id=0nZ93-IKIeoC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 2017-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-510129-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-510129-4">0-19-510129-4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1981/03/08/the-most-horrific-tale-i-could-imagine/e74c2afe-50a8-4800-ae42-9f87015c2f17/">"'The Most Horrific Tale I Could Imagine'"</a>. Washington Post. March 8, 1981. Retrieved March 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27The+Most+Horrific+Tale+I+Could+Imagine%27&rft.date=1981-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2F1981%2F03%2F08%2Fthe-most-horrific-tale-i-could-imagine%2Fe74c2afe-50a8-4800-ae42-9f87015c2f17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartunek_2017_p._98-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bartunek_2017_p._98_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bartunek_2017_p._98_46-1">b</a> <a href="#Bartunek">Bartunek (2017)</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bleikasten_2017_218-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bleikasten_2017_218_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bleikasten_2017_218_47-1">b</a> <a href="#Bleikasten">Bleikasten (2017)</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-Solomon_2017_1-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Solomon_2017_1_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Solomon_2017_1_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2017" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Stefan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eyIuDwAAQBAJ">William Faulkner in Hollywood: Screenwriting for the Studios</a>. Athens: University of Georgia. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820351148" title="Special:BookSources/9780820351148"><bdi>9780820351148</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529180140/https://books.google.com/books?id=eyIuDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner+in+Hollywood%3A+Screenwriting+for+the+Studios&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780820351148&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeyIuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2002/05/07/may07/">"Literary Daybook, May 7"</a>. Salon. May 7, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604204626/https://www.salon.com/2002/05/07/may07/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Literary+Daybook%2C+May+7&rft.date=2002-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2002%2F05%2F07%2Fmay07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="#Bartunek">Bartunek (2017)</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="#Minter">Minter (1980)</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowther2022" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Bosley (June 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1944/10/12/archives/to-have-and-have-not-with-humphrey-bogart-at-the-hollywood-arrival.html">"' To Have and Have Not,' With Humphrey Bogart, at the Hollywood – Arrival of Other New Films at Theatres Here"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604225104/https://www.nytimes.com/1944/10/12/archives/to-have-and-have-not-with-humphrey-bogart-at-the-hollywood-arrival.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27+To+Have+and+Have+Not%2C%27+With+Humphrey+Bogart%2C+at+the+Hollywood+%E2%80%93+Arrival+of+Other+New+Films+at+Theatres+Here&rft.date=2022-06-04&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1944%2F10%2F12%2Farchives%2Fto-have-and-have-not-with-humphrey-bogart-at-the-hollywood-arrival.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2017" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Stefan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eyIuDwAAQBAJ">William Faulkner in Hollywood: Screenwriting for the Studios</a>. Athens: University of Georgia. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820351148" title="Special:BookSources/9780820351148"><bdi>9780820351148</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529180152/https://books.google.com/books?id=eyIuDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner+in+Hollywood%3A+Screenwriting+for+the+Studios&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780820351148&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeyIuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="#Bleikasten">Bleikasten (2017)</a>, pp. 215–220. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lights!_camera!_author!_authorship_as_Hollywood_performance.-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Lights!_camera!_author!_authorship_as_Hollywood_performance._55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitch,_Thomas2016" class="citation journal cs1">Leitch, Thomas (2016). "Lights! camera! author! authorship as Hollywood performance". 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Retrieved June 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=France%27s+strange+love+affair+with+William+Faulkner&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft.aulast=Dugdale&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooksblog%2F2009%2Fmar%2F19%2Fwilliam-faulkner-france-telerama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053472/characters/nm0781029">Breathless (1960) – IMDb</a>, retrieved March 16, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breathless+%281960%29+%E2%80%93+IMDb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0053472%2Fcharacters%2Fnm0781029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nba1951-107"><a href="#cite_ref-nba1951_107-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1951">"National Book Awards – 1951"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028064801/http://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1951/">Archived</a> October 28, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a>. Retrieved 2012-03-31. (With essays by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Baldwin_(writer)" title="Neil Baldwin (writer)">Neil Baldwin</a> and Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 50- and 60-year anniversary publications.) </li> <li id="cite_note-nba1955-108"><a href="#cite_ref-nba1955_108-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1955">"National Book Awards – 1955"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422155650/https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1955/">Archived</a> April 22, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a>. Retrieved 2012-03-31. (With acceptance speech by Faulkner and essays by Neil Baldwin and Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 50- and 60-year anniversary publications.) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_catalogue" title="Scott catalogue">Scott catalogue</a> #2350. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/09/william_faulkner_tells_his_post_office_boss_to_stick_it_1924.html">"William Faulkner Quits His Post Office Job in Splendid Fashion with a 1924 Resignation Letter"</a>. Openculture. September 30, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325111001/http://www.openculture.com/2012/09/william_faulkner_tells_his_post_office_boss_to_stick_it_1924.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner+Quits+His+Post+Office+Job+in+Splendid+Fashion+with+a+1924+Resignation+Letter&rft.pub=Openculture&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2012%2F09%2Fwilliam_faulkner_tells_his_post_office_boss_to_stick_it_1924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2019" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Jake (October 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordeagle.com/2019/10/11/william-faulkner-marker-added-to-mississippi-writers-trail/">"William Faulkner marker added to Mississippi Writers Trail"</a>. The Oxford Eagle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617194407/https://www.oxfordeagle.com/2019/10/11/william-faulkner-marker-added-to-mississippi-writers-trail/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Eagle&rft.atitle=William+Faulkner+marker+added+to+Mississippi+Writers+Trail&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordeagle.com%2F2019%2F10%2F11%2Fwilliam-faulkner-marker-added-to-mississippi-writers-trail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4079581">"Random House records, 1925–1999"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229023255/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4079581/">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Random+House+records%2C+1925%E2%80%931999.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Flweb%2Farchival%2Fcollections%2Fldpd_4079581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Jaillant (2014) </li> </ol></div> "Oppression and Its Effects on the Individual and Society in Faulkner's 'A Rose for Emily'", El-Ruha 5th International Conference on Social Sciences Proceedings Book, Eds. Fethi Demir&Mehmet Recep Taş. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-80857-7-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-605-80857-7-0">978-605-80857-7-0</a>. 2019. Tunisia. pp. 31–38. www.elruha.org. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bartunek" class="citation journal cs1">Bartunek, C. J. (Summer 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90013647">"The Wasteland Revisited: William Faulkner's First Year in Hollywood"</a>. South Atlantic Review. 82 (2): 97–116. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90013647">90013647</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625022722/https://www.jstor.org/stable/90013647">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Atlantic+Review&rft.atitle=The+Wasteland+Revisited%3A+William+Faulkner%27s+First+Year+in+Hollywood&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F90013647%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bartunek&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F90013647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Camus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus, Albert</a> (1970). Thody, Philip (ed.). Lyrical and Critical Essays. Translated by Kennedy, Ellen Conroy. Vintange. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394708520" title="Special:BookSources/0394708520"><bdi>0394708520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lyrical+and+Critical+Essays&rft.pub=Vintange&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0394708520&rft.aulast=Camus&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Capps" class="citation journal cs1">Capps, Jack L. (Spring 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41396230">"West Point's William Faulkner Room"</a>. The Georgia Review. 20 (1): 3–8. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41396230">41396230</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625030648/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41396230">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Review&rft.atitle=West+Point%27s+William+Faulkner+Room&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41396230%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Capps&rft.aufirst=Jack+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41396230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li>William Faulkner: Novels 1930–1935 (Joseph Blotner and Noel Polk, ed.) (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-26-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-26-4">978-0-940450-26-4</a></li> <li>William Faulkner: Novels 1936–1940 (Joseph Blotner and Noel Polk, eds.) (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-55-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-55-4">978-0-940450-55-4</a></li> <li>William Faulkner: Novels 1942–1954 (Joseph Blotner and Noel Polk, eds.) (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 1994) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-85-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-85-1">978-0-940450-85-1</a></li> <li>William Faulkner: Novels 1957–1962 (Noel Polk, ed., with notes by Joseph Blotner) (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-69-7">978-1-883011-69-7</a></li> <li>William Faulkner: Novels 1926–1929 (Joseph Blotner and Noel Polk, eds.) (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931082-89-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931082-89-1">978-1-931082-89-1</a></li> <li>The Portable Faulkner, ed. Malcolm Cowley (Viking Press, 1946). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-243728-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-243728-5">978-0-14-243728-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Blotner2vol" class="citation book cs1">Blotner, Joseph (1974). Faulkner: A Biography (2 vols). Random House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faulkner%3A+A+Biography+%282+vols%29&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Blotner&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A Biography. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 1984.</li> <li>Fowler, Doreen, Abadie, Ann. Faulkner and Popular Culture: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-434-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-434-3">978-0-87805-434-3</a></li> <li>Jaillant, Lise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7572231/_I_m_Afraid_I_ve_Got_Involved_With_a_Nut_New_Faulkner_Letters">"'I'm Afraid I've Got Involved With a Nut': New Faulkner Letters." Southern Literary Journal 47.1 (2014): 98–114.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529180141/https://www.academia.edu/7572231/_I_m_Afraid_I_ve_Got_Involved_With_a_Nut_New_Faulkner_Letters">Archived</a> May 29, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Kerr, Elizabeth Margaret, and Kerr, Michael M. William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha: A Kind of Keystone in the Universe. Fordham Univ Press, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-1135-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-1135-7">978-0-8232-1135-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Koch" class="citation journal cs1">Koch, Benjamin (Winter 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4234243">"The French Quarter Apprentice: William Faulkner's Modernist Evolution"</a>. Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 48 (1): 55–68. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4234243">4234243</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625025206/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4234243">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=The+French+Quarter+Apprentice%3A+William+Faulkner%27s+Modernist+Evolution&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4234243%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4234243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Liénard-Yeterian, Marie. 'Faulkner et le cinéma', Paris: Michel Houdiard Editeur, 2010.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35692-037-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35692-037-9">978-2-35692-037-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Minter" class="citation book cs1">Minter, David L. (1980). William Faulkner, his life and work. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801823473" title="Special:BookSources/9780801823473"><bdi>9780801823473</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner%2C+his+life+and+work&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780801823473&rft.aulast=Minter&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2009" class="citation journal cs1">McKay, David (Fall 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645990">"Faulkner's First War: Conflict, Mimesis, and the Resonance of Defeat"</a>. South Central Review. 26 (3). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 119–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fscr.0.0062">10.1353/scr.0.0062</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645990">40645990</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144583260">144583260</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625025826/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645990">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Central+Review&rft.atitle=Faulkner%27s+First+War%3A+Conflict%2C+Mimesis%2C+and+the+Resonance+of+Defeat&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144583260%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40645990%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fscr.0.0062&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40645990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Phillips" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Gene D. (1980). Hemingway and Film. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804426954" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804426954"><bdi>978-0804426954</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hemingway+and+Film&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Ungar+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0804426954&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Gene+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sensibar, Judith L. The Origins of Faulkner's Art. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-79020-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-79020-1">0-292-79020-1</a></li> <li>Sensibar, Judith L. Faulkner and Love: The Women Who Shaped His Art, A Biography. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16568-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16568-5">978-0-300-16568-5</a></li> <li>Sensibar, Judith L. Vision in Spring. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-78712-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-78712-X">0-292-78712-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="O'Connor" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, William Van (1959). William Faulkner. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=William+Van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Parini" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Parini" title="Jay Parini">Parini, Jay</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onematchlesstime00pari/page/22">One Matchless Time: A Life of William Faulkner</a>. New York: HarperCollins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onematchlesstime00pari/page/22">22–29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-621072-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-621072-0"><bdi>0-06-621072-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Matchless+Time%3A+A+Life+of+William+Faulkner&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=22-29&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-06-621072-0&rft.aulast=Parini&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonematchlesstime00pari%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Pikoulis" class="citation book cs1">Pikoulis, John (1982). The Art of William Faulkner. Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes & Noble Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333300947" title="Special:BookSources/9780333300947"><bdi>9780333300947</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+William+Faulkner&rft.place=Totowa%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780333300947&rft.aulast=Pikoulis&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosella_Mamoli_Zorzi2000" class="citation book cs1">Rosella Mamoli Zorzi (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190908143056/https://books.google.it/books?id=vSqGH4Z_4pQC&pg=PA36&dq=William+Faulkner+in+Venice+:+proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+Language,+Stylistics,+Translations&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjb-cuMHkAhUBDewKHZXtARgQ6AEIKzAA%23v=onepage&q=William%20Faulkner%20in%20Venice%20:%20proceedings%20of%20the%20International%20Conference%20Language,%20Stylistics,%20Translations&f=false">William Faulkner in Venice : proceedings of the International Conference Language, Stylistics, Translations</a>. Venice: Marsilio. p. 347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788831776264" title="Special:BookSources/9788831776264"><bdi>9788831776264</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/634327206">634327206</a>. Archived from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner+in+Venice+%3A+proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+Language%2C+Stylistics%2C+Translations&rft.place=Venice&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Marsilio&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F634327206&rft.isbn=9788831776264&rft.au=Rosella+Mamoli+Zorzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSqGH4Z_4pQC%26q%3DWilliam%2520Faulkner%2520in%2520Venice%2520%3A%2520proceedings%2520of%2520the%2520International%2520Conference%2520Language%2C%2520Stylistics%2C%2520Translations%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Rife" class="citation journal cs1">Rife, David (March 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831202">"Rex Stout and William Faulkner's Nobel Prize Speech"</a>. Journal of Modern Literature. 10 (1). Indiana University Press: 151–152. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831202">3831202</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625000152/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831202">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Literature&rft.atitle=Rex+Stout+and+William+Faulkner%27s+Nobel+Prize+Speech&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.date=1983-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3831202%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rife&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3831202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Zeitlin" class="citation journal cs1">Zeitlin, Michael (Spring 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44578811">"Faulkner and the Royal Air Force Canada, 1918"</a>. The Faulkner Journal. 30 (1). Johns Hopkins University: 15–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ffau.2016.0009">10.1353/fau.2016.0009</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44578811">44578811</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165335050">165335050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210955/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44578811">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Faulkner+Journal&rft.atitle=Faulkner+and+the+Royal+Air+Force+Canada%2C+1918&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165335050%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44578811%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ffau.2016.0009&rft.aulast=Zeitlin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44578811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bleikasten" class="citation book cs1">Bleikasten, André (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9McgDgAAQBAJ">William Faulkner: A Life through Novels</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253023322" title="Special:BookSources/9780253023322"><bdi>9780253023322</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529180152/https://books.google.com/books?id=9McgDgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner%3A+A+Life+through+Novels&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780253023322&rft.aulast=Bleikasten&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9McgDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeriwether1980" class="citation book cs1">Meriwether, James B., ed. (1980). Lion in the Garden: Interviews with William Faulkner, 1926–1962. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803230682" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803230682"><bdi>978-0803230682</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lion+in+the+Garden%3A+Interviews+with+William+Faulkner%2C+1926%E2%80%931962&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0803230682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Faulkner" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Faulkner&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> William Faulkner at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" class="extiw" title="c:William Faulkner">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Faulkner" class="extiw" title="q:William Faulkner">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Cuthbert_Faulkner" class="extiw" title="s:Author:William Cuthbert Faulkner">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Digital collections</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/34338">Works by William Faulkner</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/william-faulkner">Works by William Faulkner in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Faulkner%2C%20William">Works by William Faulkner</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%20Cuthbert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%20C%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20W%2E%20C%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20Cuthbert%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22W%2E%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20Cuthbert%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22W%2E%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22W%2E%20Cuthbert%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%20Cuthbert%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%20C%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20W%2E%20C%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20W%2E%20Cuthbert%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20Cuthbert%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20title%3A%22W%2E%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20Cuthbert%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20description%3A%22W%2E%20C%2E%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%20Cuthbert%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%20C%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20Faulkner%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Faulkner%2C%20William%22%29%20OR%20%28%221897-1962%22%20AND%20Faulkner%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about William Faulkner</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1541">Works by William Faulkner</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li></ul> <dl><dt>Physical collections</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://small.library.virginia.edu/collections/featured/the-william-faulkner-collection/">William Faulkner Papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00608">William Faulkner Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libraries.olemiss.edu/cedar-archives/finding_aids/MUM00125.html">William Faulkner Family Collection (MUM00125)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other links</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001203/">William Faulkner</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu">Digital Yoknapatawpha</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faulkner.lib.virginia.edu">Faulkner at Virginia: An 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Faulkner" title="Template:William Faulkner"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Faulkner" title="Template talk:William Faulkner"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Faulkner" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Faulkner"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Faulkner148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_bibliography" title="William Faulkner bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_Pay" title="Soldiers' Pay">Soldiers' Pay</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquitoes_(novel)" title="Mosquitoes (novel)">Mosquitoes</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartoris" title="Sartoris">Sartoris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Flags_in_the_Dust" title="Flags in the Dust">Flags in the Dust</a> (1929 / 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Faulkner_novel)" title="Sanctuary (Faulkner novel)">Sanctuary</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylon_(novel)" title="Pylon (novel)">Pylon</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unvanquished" title="The Unvanquished">The Unvanquished</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/If_I_Forget_Thee,_Jerusalem" title="If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem">If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hamlet" title="The Hamlet">The Hamlet</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Down,_Moses_(book)" title="Go Down, Moses (book)">Go Down, Moses</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intruder_in_the_Dust" title="Intruder in the Dust">Intruder in the Dust</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_a_Nun" title="Requiem for a Nun">Requiem for a Nun</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Faulkner_novel)" title="The Town (Faulkner novel)">The Town</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mansion_(novel)" title="The Mansion (novel)">The Mansion</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/These_13" title="These 13">These 13</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Gambit" title="Knight's Gambit">Knight's Gambit</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collected_Stories_of_William_Faulkner" title="Collected Stories of William Faulkner">Collected Stories</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Landing_in_Luck" title="Landing in Luck">Landing in Luck</a>" (1919)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_for_Emily" title="A Rose for Emily">A Rose for Emily</a>" (1930)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_Leaves" title="Red Leaves">Red Leaves</a>" (1930)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dry_September" title="Dry September">Dry September</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spotted_Horses" title="Spotted Horses">Spotted Horses</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Evening_Sun" title="That Evening Sun">That Evening Sun</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Victory" title="Mountain Victory">Mountain Victory</a>" (1932)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barn_Burning" title="Barn Burning">Barn Burning</a>" (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tall_Men_(short_story)" title="The Tall Men (short story)">The Tall Men</a>" (1941)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shingles_for_the_Lord" title="Shingles for the Lord">Shingles for the Lord</a>" (1943)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flesh_(1932_film)" title="Flesh (1932 film)">Flesh</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today_We_Live" title="Today We Live">Today We Live</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Patrol" title="Submarine Patrol">Submarine Patrol</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not_(film)" title="To Have and Have Not (film)">To Have and Have Not</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wishing_Tree_(Faulkner_book)" title="The Wishing Tree (Faulkner book)">The Wishing Tree</a> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Clark_Falkner" title="William Clark Falkner">William Clark Falkner (great-grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Oak" title="Rowan Oak">Rowan Oak home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_and_Shirley_Small_Special_Collections_Library#William_Faulkner" title="Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library">Papers and manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_Foundation" title="William Faulkner Foundation">William Faulkner Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoknapatawpha_County" title="Yoknapatawpha County">Yoknapatawpha County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compson_family" title="Compson family">Compson family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Compson" title="Quentin Compson">Quentin Compson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Grenier" title="Louis Grenier">Louis Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikkemotubbe" title="Ikkemotubbe">Ikkemotubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Stevens_(character)" title="Gavin Stevens (character)">Gavin Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutpen" title="Thomas Sutpen">Thomas Sutpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snopes_trilogy" title="Snopes trilogy">Snopes trilogy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Renaissance" title="Southern Renaissance">Southern Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_Faulkner_contest" title="Faux Faulkner contest">Faux Faulkner contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEN/Faulkner_Award_for_Fiction" title="PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction">PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiction,_Film,_and_Faulkner" title="Fiction, Film, and Faulkner">Fiction, Film, and Faulkner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (posthumously)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2025 Nobel Prize in Literature">2025</a>: to be determined</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1949_Nobel_Prize_laureates913" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1949_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1949 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1949_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1949 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1949_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1949 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1949_Nobel_Prize_laureates913" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1949 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a> (Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Rudolf Hess</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a> (Portugal)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1944_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1944 Nobel Prize winners">1944</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1945_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1945 Nobel Prize winners">1945</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1946_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1946 Nobel Prize winners">1946</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1947_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1947 Nobel Prize winners">1947</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1948 Nobel Prize winners">1948</a></dd> <dd>1949 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1950_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1950 Nobel Prize winners">1950</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1951_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1951 Nobel Prize winners">1951</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1952 Nobel Prize winners">1952</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1953_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1953 Nobel Prize winners">1953</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1954_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1954 Nobel Prize winners">1954</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Template:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Template talk:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel from 1917–1947</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1918–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Family" title="His Family">His Family</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Poole" title="Ernest Poole">Ernest Poole</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magnificent_Ambersons" title="The Magnificent Ambersons">The Magnificent Ambersons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence" title="The Age of Innocence">The Age of Innocence</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Adams_(novel)" title="Alice Adams (novel)">Alice Adams</a> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_of_Ours" title="One of Ours">One of Ours</a> by <a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Able_McLaughlins" title="The Able McLaughlins">The Able McLaughlins</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson_(novelist)" title="Margaret Wilson (novelist)">Margaret Wilson</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Big_(novel)" title="So Big (novel)">So Big</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowsmith_(novel)" title="Arrowsmith (novel)">Arrowsmith</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a> (1926; declined)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Autumn" title="Early Autumn">Early Autumn</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bromfield" title="Louis Bromfield">Louis Bromfield</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_of_San_Luis_Rey" title="The Bridge of San Luis Rey">The Bridge of San Luis Rey</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Sister_Mary" title="Scarlet Sister Mary">Scarlet Sister Mary</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Peterkin" title="Julia Peterkin">Julia Peterkin</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Boy_(novel)" title="Laughing Boy (novel)">Laughing Boy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_La_Farge" title="Oliver La Farge">Oliver La Farge</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Grace" title="Years of Grace">Years of Grace</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ayer_Barnes" title="Margaret Ayer Barnes">Margaret Ayer Barnes</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Earth" title="The Good Earth">The Good Earth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Store_(novel)" title="The Store (novel)">The Store</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sigismund_Stribling" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Sigismund Stribling">Thomas Sigismund Stribling</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_in_His_Bosom" title="Lamb in His Bosom">Lamb in His Bosom</a> by <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Pafford_Miller" title="Caroline Pafford Miller">Caroline Pafford Miller</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_in_November" title="Now in November">Now in November</a> by <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Johnson" title="Josephine Johnson">Josephine Winslow Johnson</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_in_the_Horn" title="Honey in the Horn">Honey in the Horn</a> by <a href="/wiki/H._L._Davis" title="H. L. Davis">Harold L. Davis</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel)" title="Gone with the Wind (novel)">Gone with the Wind</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Late_George_Apley" title="The Late George Apley">The Late George Apley</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_P._Marquand" title="John P. Marquand">John Phillips Marquand</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yearling" title="The Yearling">The Yearling</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kinnan_Rawlings" title="Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_This_Our_Life_(novel)" title="In This Our Life (novel)">In This Our Life</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Teeth_(novel)" title="Dragon's Teeth (novel)">Dragon's Teeth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_in_the_Dark" title="Journey in the Dark">Journey in the Dark</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Flavin" title="Martin Flavin">Martin Flavin</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bell_for_Adano_(novel)" title="A Bell for Adano (novel)">A Bell for Adano</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Hersey" title="John Hersey">John Hersey</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men" title="All the King's Men">All the King's Men</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_South_Pacific" title="Tales of the South Pacific">Tales of the South Pacific</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_of_Honor" title="Guard of Honor">Guard of Honor</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Gould_Cozzens" title="James Gould Cozzens">James Gould Cozzens</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_West" title="The Way West">The Way West</a> by <a href="/wiki/A._B._Guthrie_Jr." title="A. B. Guthrie Jr.">A. B. Guthrie Jr.</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Richter_novel)" title="The Town (Richter novel)">The Town</a> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny" title="The Caine Mutiny">The Caine Mutiny</a> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea" title="The Old Man and the Sea">The Old Man and the Sea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersonville_(novel)" title="Andersonville (novel)">Andersonville</a> by <a href="/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor" title="MacKinlay Kantor">MacKinlay Kantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Death_in_the_Family" title="A Death in the Family">A Death in the Family</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_Jaimie_McPheeters" title="The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters">The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_Taylor" title="Robert Lewis Taylor">Robert Lewis Taylor</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advise_and_Consent" title="Advise and Consent">Advise and Consent</a> by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Drury" title="Allen Drury">Allen Drury</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird" title="To Kill a Mockingbird">To Kill a Mockingbird</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harper_Lee" title="Harper Lee">Harper Lee</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Sadness" title="The Edge of Sadness">The Edge of Sadness</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_O%27Connor" title="Edwin O'Connor">Edwin O'Connor</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keepers_of_the_House" title="The Keepers of the House">The Keepers of the House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Grau" title="Shirley Ann Grau">Shirley Ann Grau</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Nat_Turner" title="The Confessions of Nat Turner">The Confessions of Nat Turner</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Made_of_Dawn" title="House Made of Dawn">House Made of Dawn</a> by <a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Jean_Stafford" title="The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford">The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Stafford" title="Jean Stafford">Jean Stafford</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_Repose" title="Angle of Repose">Angle of Repose</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Optimist%27s_Daughter" title="The Optimist's Daughter">The Optimist's Daughter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">No award given</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_Angels" title="The Killer Angels">The Killer Angels</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shaara" title="Michael Shaara">Michael Shaara</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_Gift" title="Humboldt's Gift">Humboldt's Gift</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_River_Runs_Through_It_(novel)#Pulitzer_Prize" title="A River Runs Through It (novel)">No award given</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_Room_(short_story_collection)" title="Elbow Room (short story collection)">Elbow Room</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Alan_McPherson" title="James Alan McPherson">James Alan McPherson</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Executioner%27s_Song" title="The Executioner's Song">The Executioner's Song</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Confederacy_of_Dunces" title="A Confederacy of Dunces">A Confederacy of Dunces</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_Toole" title="John Kennedy Toole">John Kennedy Toole</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironweed_(novel)" title="Ironweed (novel)">Ironweed</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William Kennedy</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(novel)" title="Foreign Affairs (novel)">Foreign Affairs</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alison_Lurie" title="Alison Lurie">Alison Lurie</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonesome_Dove" title="Lonesome Dove">Lonesome Dove</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Summons_to_Memphis" title="A Summons to Memphis">A Summons to Memphis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthew_Hillsman_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor">Peter Taylor</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">Beloved</a> by <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_Lessons" title="Breathing Lessons">Breathing Lessons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Tyler" title="Anne Tyler">Anne Tyler</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mambo_Kings_Play_Songs_of_Love" title="The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love">The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hijuelos" title="Oscar Hijuelos">Oscar Hijuelos</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Acres" title="A Thousand Acres">A Thousand Acres</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Smiley" title="Jane Smiley">Jane Smiley</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Good_Scent_from_a_Strange_Mountain" title="A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain">A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Olen_Butler" title="Robert Olen Butler">Robert Olen Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Diaries" title="The Stone Diaries">The Stone Diaries</a> by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields" title="Carol Shields">Carol Shields</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Ford_novel)" title="Independence Day (Ford novel)">Independence Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford" title="Richard Ford">Richard Ford</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dressler:_The_Tale_of_an_American_Dreamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer">Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Millhauser" title="Steven Millhauser">Steven Millhauser</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Pastoral" title="American Pastoral">American Pastoral</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(novel)" title="The Hours (novel)">The Hours</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cunningham" title="Michael Cunningham">Michael Cunningham</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpreter_of_Maladies" title="Interpreter of Maladies">Interpreter of Maladies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jhumpa_Lahiri" title="Jhumpa Lahiri">Jhumpa Lahiri</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Adventures_of_Kavalier_%26_Clay" title="The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay">The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Falls" title="Empire Falls">Empire Falls</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russo" title="Richard Russo">Richard Russo</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(novel)" title="Middlesex (novel)">Middlesex</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Eugenides" title="Jeffrey Eugenides">Jeffrey Eugenides</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Known_World" title="The Known World">The Known World</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Jones" title="Edward P. Jones">Edward P. Jones</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_(novel)" title="Gilead (novel)">Gilead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marilynne_Robinson" title="Marilynne Robinson">Marilynne Robinson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_(novel)" title="March (novel)">March</a> by <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Brooks_(writer)" title="Geraldine Brooks (writer)">Geraldine Brooks</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road" title="The Road">The Road</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brief_Wondrous_Life_of_Oscar_Wao" title="The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao">The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao</a> by <a href="/wiki/Junot_D%C3%ADaz" title="Junot Díaz">Junot Díaz</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Kitteridge" title="Olive Kitteridge">Olive Kitteridge</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Strout" title="Elizabeth Strout">Elizabeth Strout</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkers_(novel)" title="Tinkers (novel)">Tinkers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Harding_(author)" title="Paul Harding (author)">Paul Harding</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_the_Goon_Squad" title="A Visit from the Goon Squad">A Visit from the Goon Squad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Egan" title="Jennifer Egan">Jennifer Egan</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Pulitzer_Prize" title="2012 Pulitzer Prize">No award given</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orphan_Master%27s_Son" title="The Orphan Master's Son">The Orphan Master's Son</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goldfinch_(novel)" title="The Goldfinch (novel)">The Goldfinch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Donna_Tartt" title="Donna Tartt">Donna Tartt</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Light_We_Cannot_See" title="All the Light We Cannot See">All the Light We Cannot See</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Doerr" title="Anthony Doerr">Anthony Doerr</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sympathizer" title="The Sympathizer">The Sympathizer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Viet_Thanh_Nguyen" title="Viet Thanh Nguyen">Viet Thanh Nguyen</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)">The Underground Railroad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Less_(novel)" title="Less (novel)">Less</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sean_Greer" title="Andrew Sean Greer">Andrew Sean Greer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Overstory" title="The Overstory">The Overstory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nickel_Boys" title="The Nickel Boys">The Nickel Boys</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Watchman_(novel)" title="The Night Watchman (novel)">The Night Watchman</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Netanyahus" title="The Netanyahus">The Netanyahus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cohen_(writer)" title="Joshua Cohen (writer)">Joshua Cohen</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_Copperhead" title="Demon Copperhead">Demon Copperhead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kingsolver" title="Barbara Kingsolver">Barbara Kingsolver</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trust_(novel)" title="Trust (novel)">Trust</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hernan_Diaz_(writer)" title="Hernan Diaz (writer)">Hernan Diaz</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Watch_(Phillips_novel)" title="Night Watch (Phillips novel)">Night Watch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jayne_Anne_Phillips" title="Jayne Anne Phillips">Jayne Anne Phillips</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Template:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Template talk:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Book Award for Fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Book_Award_for_Fiction71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Fiction" title="National Book Award for Fiction">National Book Award for Fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Arm_(novel)" title="The Man with the Golden Arm (novel)">The Man with the Golden Arm</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Algren" title="Nelson Algren">Nelson Algren</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collected_Stories_of_William_Faulkner" title="Collected Stories of William Faulkner">Collected Stories of William Faulkner</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity_(novel)" title="From Here to Eternity (novel)">From Here to Eternity</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Jones_(author)" title="James Jones (author)">James Jones</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Man" title="Invisible Man">Invisible Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Augie_March" title="The Adventures of Augie March">The Adventures of Augie March</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_North_Frederick" title="Ten North Frederick">Ten North Frederick</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Hara" title="John O'Hara">John O'Hara</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Field_of_Vision" title="The Field of Vision">The Field of Vision</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wapshot_Chronicle" title="The Wapshot Chronicle">The Wapshot Chronicle</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Barrel" title="The Magic Barrel">The Magic Barrel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Columbus" title="Goodbye, Columbus">Goodbye, Columbus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waters_of_Kronos" title="The Waters of Kronos">The Waters of Kronos</a> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moviegoer" title="The Moviegoer">The Moviegoer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Walker_Percy" title="Walker Percy">Walker Percy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morte_d%27Urban" title="Morte d'Urban">Morte d'Urban</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._F._Powers" title="J. F. Powers">J. F. Powers</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Centaur" title="The Centaur">The Centaur</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzog_(novel)" title="Herzog (novel)">Herzog</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Day_(Wilder_novel)" title="The Eighth Day (Wilder novel)">The Eighth Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steps_(book)" title="Steps (book)">Steps</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Them_(novel)" title="Them (novel)">them</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Sammler%27s_Planet" title="Mr. Sammler's Planet">Mr. Sammler's Planet</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Stories_(O%27Connor)" title="The Complete Stories (O'Connor)">The Complete Stories</a> by <a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(Barth_novel)" title="Chimera (Barth novel)">Chimera</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Barth" title="John Barth">John Barth</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(Williams_novel)" title="Augustus (Williams novel)">Augustus</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Williams" title="John Edward Williams">John Williams</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crown_of_Feathers_and_Other_Stories" title="A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories">A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Soldiers_(novel)" title="Dog Soldiers (novel)">Dog Soldiers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stone_(novelist)" title="Robert Stone (novelist)">Robert Stone</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hair_of_Harold_Roux" title="The Hair of Harold Roux">The Hair of Harold Roux</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(writer)" title="Thomas Williams (writer)">Thomas Williams</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J_R" title="J R">J R</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator_Bird" title="The Spectator Bird">The Spectator Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Tie_(Settle_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood Tie (Settle novel)">Blood Tie</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lee_Settle" title="Mary Lee Settle">Mary Lee Settle</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_After_Cacciato" title="Going After Cacciato">Going After Cacciato</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tim_O%27Brien_(author)" title="Tim O'Brien (author)">Tim O'Brien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie%27s_Choice_(novel)" title="Sophie's Choice (novel)">Sophie's Choice</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_According_to_Garp" title="The World According to Garp">The World According to Garp</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> (1980)</li> <li>Plains Song: For Female Voices by <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Long,_See_You_Tomorrow_(novel)" title="So Long, See You Tomorrow (novel)">So Long, See You Tomorrow</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Keepers_Maxwell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.">William Maxwell</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Eudora_Welty" title="The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty">The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1983)</li> <li>Victory Over Japan by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Gilchrist" title="Ellen Gilchrist">Ellen Gilchrist</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Noise_(novel)" title="White Noise (novel)">White Noise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair_(novel)" title="World's Fair (novel)">World's Fair</a> by <a href="/wiki/E._L._Doctorow" title="E. L. Doctorow">E. L. Doctorow</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco%27s_Story" title="Paco's Story">Paco's Story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Heinemann" title="Larry Heinemann">Larry Heinemann</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Trout_(novel)" title="Paris Trout (novel)">Paris Trout</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dexter" title="Pete Dexter">Pete Dexter</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartina_(novel)" title="Spartina (novel)">Spartina</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Casey_(novelist)" title="John Casey (novelist)">John Casey</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage_(novel)" title="Middle Passage (novel)">Middle Passage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Johnson" title="Charles R. Johnson">Charles Johnson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating_(novel)" title="Mating (novel)">Mating</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rush" title="Norman Rush">Norman Rush</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Pretty_Horses_(novel)" title="All the Pretty Horses (novel)">All the Pretty Horses</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Frolic_of_His_Own" title="A Frolic of His Own">A Frolic of His Own</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gaddis" title="William Gaddis">William Gaddis</a> (1994) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath%27s_Theater" title="Sabbath's Theater">Sabbath's Theater</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1995)</li> <li>Ship Fever and Other Stories by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Barrett" title="Andrea Barrett">Andrea Barrett</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Mountain_(novel)" title="Cold Mountain (novel)">Cold Mountain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frazier" title="Charles Frazier">Charles Frazier</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Billy" title="Charming Billy">Charming Billy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_(novel)" title="Waiting (novel)">Waiting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ha_Jin" title="Ha Jin">Ha Jin</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_America_(novel)" title="In America (novel)">In America</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Corrections" title="The Corrections">The Corrections</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Franzen" title="Jonathan Franzen">Jonathan Franzen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Junes" title="Three Junes">Three Junes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Glass" title="Julia Glass">Julia Glass</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Fire_(Hazzard_novel)" title="The Great Fire (Hazzard novel)">The Great Fire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hazzard" title="Shirley Hazzard">Shirley Hazzard</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_News_from_Paraguay" title="The News from Paraguay">The News from Paraguay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tuck" title="Lily Tuck">Lily Tuck</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Central" title="Europe Central">Europe Central</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_T._Vollmann" title="William T. Vollmann">William T. Vollmann</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Echo_Maker" title="The Echo Maker">The Echo Maker</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Smoke" title="Tree of Smoke">Tree of Smoke</a> by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Johnson" title="Denis Johnson">Denis Johnson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Country" title="Shadow Country">Shadow Country</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthiessen" title="Peter Matthiessen">Peter Matthiessen</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_the_Great_World_Spin" title="Let the Great World Spin">Let the Great World Spin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colum_McCann" title="Colum McCann">Colum McCann</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule_(novel)" title="Lord of Misrule (novel)">Lord of Misrule</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jaimy_Gordon" title="Jaimy Gordon">Jaimy Gordon</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_the_Bones" title="Salvage the Bones">Salvage the Bones</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesmyn_Ward" title="Jesmyn Ward">Jesmyn Ward</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Round_House_(novel)" title="The Round House (novel)">The Round House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Lord_Bird" title="The Good Lord Bird">The Good Lord Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_McBride_(writer)" title="James McBride (writer)">James McBride</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeployment_(short_story_collection)" title="Redeployment (short story collection)">Redeployment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Klay" title="Phil Klay">Phil Klay</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Smiles" title="Fortune Smiles">Fortune Smiles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)"> The Underground Railroad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing,_Unburied,_Sing" title="Sing, Unburied, Sing">Sing, Unburied, Sing</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jesmyn_Ward" title="Jesmyn Ward">Jesmyn Ward</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Friend_(novel)" title="The Friend (novel)">The Friend</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Nunez" title="Sigrid Nunez">Sigrid Nunez</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Exercise" title="Trust Exercise">Trust Exercise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Choi" title="Susan Choi">Susan Choi</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Chinatown" title="Interior Chinatown">Interior Chinatown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Yu" title="Charles Yu">Charles Yu</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_of_a_Book" title="Hell of a Book">Hell of a Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mott" title="Jason Mott">Jason Mott</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rabbit_Hutch" title="The Rabbit Hutch">The Rabbit Hutch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tess_Gunty" title="Tess Gunty">Tess Gunty</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackouts_(novel)" title="Blackouts (novel)">Blackouts</a> by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Torres" title="Justin Torres">Justin Torres</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Faulkner&#039;s_&quot;Barn_Burning&quot;_(1939)58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barn_Burning" title="Template:Barn Burning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barn_Burning" title="Template talk:Barn Burning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barn_Burning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barn Burning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Faulkner&#039;s_&quot;Barn_Burning&quot;_(1939)58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Faulkner</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Barn_Burning" title="Barn Burning">Barn Burning</a>" (1939)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barn_Burning_(film)" title="Barn Burning (film)">Barn Burning</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Long,_Hot_Summer" title="The Long, Hot Summer">The Long, Hot Summer</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Hot_Summer_(1985_film)" title="The Long Hot Summer (1985 film)">The Long Hot Summer</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arsonist" title="The Arsonist">The Arsonist</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_(2018_film)" title="Burning (2018 film)">Burning</a> (2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Burning" title="List of accolades received by Burning">accolades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Long,_Hot_Summer_(TV_series)" title="The Long, Hot Summer (TV series)">The Long, Hot Summer</a> (TV series)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a> (1913–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a> (1928–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a> (1943)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a> (1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> →</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38392#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38392#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38392#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121287491">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/39376770">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/29774/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfrMfbv8gK7G7Rpgm6VG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118532081">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79003304">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11902332s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrttvcz57w5h35">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810682776805606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/111334">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007261035105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512675706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14291254">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0014043X?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500258096">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118532081">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/819809">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118532081.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118532081">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026859041">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582082">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6319v36">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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