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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plot-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plot subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Part_1:_April_7,_1928" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_1:_April_7,_1928"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Part 1: April 7, 1928</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_1:_April_7,_1928-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_2:_June_2,_1910" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_2:_June_2,_1910"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Part 2: June 2, 1910</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_2:_June_2,_1910-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_3:_April_6,_1928" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_3:_April_6,_1928"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Part 3: April 6, 1928</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_3:_April_6,_1928-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_4:_April_8,_1928" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_4:_April_8,_1928"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Part 4: April 8, 1928</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_4:_April_8,_1928-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appendix:_Compson:_1699–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appendix:_Compson:_1699–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appendix:_Compson:_1699–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Style and structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Style_and_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Style and structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Style_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Sound_and_The_Fury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Sound_and_The_Fury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The Sound and The Fury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Sound_and_The_Fury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literary significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limited_edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limited_edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Limited edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limited_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Sound and the Fury</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81" title="الصخب والعنف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصخب والعنف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Врява и безумство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Врява и безумство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_soroll_i_la_f%C3%BAria" title="El soroll i la fúria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El soroll i la fúria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schall_und_Wahn" title="Schall und Wahn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schall und Wahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_ruido_y_la_furia" title="El ruido y la furia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El ruido y la furia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The Sound and the Fury" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotsa_eta_ardaila" title="Hotsa eta ardaila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hotsa eta ardaila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%85_%D9%88_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="خشم و هیاهو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خشم و هیاهو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Bruit_et_la_Fureur" title="Le Bruit et la Fureur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Bruit et la Fureur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="The Sound and the Fury" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%ED%96%A5%EA%B3%BC_%EB%B6%84%EB%85%B8" title="음향과 분노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음향과 분노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B9_%D6%87_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Շառաչ և ցասում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շառաչ և ցասում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="द साउंड एंड द फ्यूरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द साउंड एंड द फ्यूरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krik_i_bijes" title="Krik i bijes – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krik i bijes" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Sound and the Fury" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27urlo_e_il_furore" title="L'urlo e il furore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="L'urlo e il furore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ხმაური და მძვინვარება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხმაური და მძვინვარება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Үн менен заар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Үн менен заар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Врева и бес – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Врева и бес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Sound and the Fury" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%BF%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A8%E6%80%92%E3%82%8A" title="響きと怒り – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="響きと怒り" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_Bruch_e_la_Furor" title="Lo Bruch e la Furor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lo Bruch e la Furor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%9Bciek%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87_i_wrzask" title="Wściekłość i wrzask – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wściekłość i wrzask" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Sound and the Fury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Шум и ярость – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шум и ярость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%BEabot_a_bes" title="Bľabot a bes – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bľabot a bes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Бука и бес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бука и бес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Sound and the Fury" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1929 novel by William Faulkner</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the novel by William Faulkner. For the Shakespeare quote, see <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_and_tomorrow_and_tomorrow" title="Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow">Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Sound and the Fury (disambiguation)">The Sound and the Fury (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Sound and the Fury <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.author=%5B%5BWilliam+Faulkner%5D%5D&rft.date=1929&rft.pub=%5B%5BJonathan+Cape%5D%5D+and+%5B%5BRandom+House%7CHarrison+Smith%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=326&rft_id=info:oclcnum/21525355"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sound_and_the_Fury_(1929_1st_ed_dust_jacket).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg/220px-The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg/330px-The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg/440px-The_Sound_and_the_Fury_%281929_1st_ed_dust_jacket%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2370" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist literature">Modernist novel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">Stream of consciousness</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern Gothic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">1929</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Cape" title="Jonathan Cape">Jonathan Cape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Harrison Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1929</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">326</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21525355">21525355</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">813/.52 20</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">PS3511.A86 S7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/william-faulkner/the-sound-and-the-fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> online</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Sound and the Fury</b></i> is a novel by the American author <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>. It employs several narrative styles, including <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream of consciousness writing">stream of consciousness</a>. Published in 1929, <i>The Sound and the Fury</i> was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful. In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Faulkner_novel)" title="Sanctuary (Faulkner novel)">Sanctuary</a></i>, was published—a sensationalist story, which Faulkner later said was written only for money—<i>The Sound and the Fury</i> also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The work has entered the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> as of January 1, 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Sound and the Fury</i> is set in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson, Mississippi">Jefferson, Mississippi</a>, in the first third of the 20th century. The novel centers on the <a href="/wiki/Compson_family" title="Compson family">Compson family</a>, former Southern aristocrats who are struggling to deal with the dissolution of their family and its reputation. Over the course of the 30 years or so relayed in the novel, the family falls into financial ruin, loses its religious faith and the respect of the town of Jefferson, and many of them die tragically. </p><p>The novel is separated into four narratives. The first, reflecting events occurring and consequent thoughts and memories on April 7, 1928, is written in the voice and from the perspective of Benjamin "Benjy" Compson, an <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectually disabled</a> 33-year-old man. Benjy's section is characterized by a disjointed narrative style with frequent chronological leaps. </p><p>The second section, taking place on June 2, 1910, focuses on <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Compson" title="Quentin Compson">Quentin Compson</a>, Benjy's older brother, and the events leading up to Quentin's suicide. This section is written in the stream-of-consciousness style and also contains frequent chronological leaps. </p><p>In the third section, set a day before the first on April 6, 1928, Faulkner writes from the point of view of Jason, Quentin's cynical younger brother. </p><p>In the fourth section, set a day after the first on April 8, 1928, Faulkner introduces a <a href="/wiki/Third-person_omniscient" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person omniscient">third-person omniscient</a> <a href="/wiki/Point_of_view_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point of view (literature)">point of view</a>. This last section primarily focuses on Dilsey, one of the Compsons' Black servants, and her relations with Jason and "Miss" Quentin Compson (daughter of Quentin's sister Caddy), as Dilsey contemplates the thoughts and deeds of everyone in the Compson family. </p><p>In 1945, Faulkner wrote a "Compson Appendix" to be included with future printings of <i>The Sound and the Fury.</i> It contains a 30-page history of the Compson family from 1699 to 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_1:_April_7,_1928"><span id="Part_1:_April_7.2C_1928"></span>Part 1: April 7, 1928</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Part 1: April 7, 1928"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first section of the novel is narrated by Benjamin "Benjy" Compson, a source of shame to the family (primarily his mother) due to his diminished mental capacity; the only characters who show genuine care for him are his older sister Caddy and Dilsey, one of the family's black servants. His narrative voice is characterized predominantly by its nonlinearity: spanning the period 1898–1928, Benjy's narrative is a series of non-chronological events presented in a <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(narrative_mode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)">stream of consciousness</a>. The presence of italics in Benjy's section indicates significant shifts in the narrative. Originally Faulkner conceived the use of different colors of ink to signify chronological breaks. This nonlinearity makes the style of this section particularly challenging, but Benjy's style develops a cadence that, while not chronologically coherent, provides unbiased insight into many characters' true motivations. Moreover, Benjy's caretaker changes to indicate the time period: Luster in the present, T.P. in Benjy's teenage years, and Versh during Benjy's infancy and childhood. </p><p>In this section we see Benjy's three passions: fire, his sister Caddy, and the golf course on land that used to belong to the Compson family. But by 1928 Caddy has been banished from the Compson home after her husband divorced her because her child was not his, and the family has had to sell pastureland to a local golf club to finance Quentin's <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> education. In the opening scene, Benjy, accompanied by Luster, a servant boy, watches golfers on the nearby golf course as he waits to hear them call "caddie"—the name of his favorite sibling. When one of them calls for his golf caddie, Benjy's mind embarks on a whirlwind course of memories of his sister Caddy, focusing on one critical scene. In 1898 when their grandmother died, the four Compson children were forced to play outside during the funeral. To see what was going on inside, Caddy climbed a tree in the yard, and while she looked inside, her brothers — Quentin, Jason and Benjy — looked up and noticed that her underwear was muddy. This is Benjy's first memory, and he associates Caddy with trees throughout the rest of his arc, often saying that she smells like trees. Other crucial memories in this section are Benjy's change of name (originally "Maury" after his wastrel maternal uncle) upon the discovery of his disability in 1900; the marriage and divorce of Caddy (1910); and Benjy's <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castration</a>, resulting from an attack on a girl that is alluded to briefly within this chapter, wherein a gate is left unlatched and Benjy is out unsupervised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_2:_June_2,_1910"><span id="Part_2:_June_2.2C_1910"></span>Part 2: June 2, 1910</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Part 2: June 2, 1910"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quentin, the most intelligent of the Compson children, gives the novel's best example of Faulkner's narrative technique. We see him as a freshman at Harvard University, wandering the streets of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, contemplating death, and remembering his family's estrangement from his sister Caddy. Like the first section, its narrative is not strictly linear, though the two interweaving threads, of Quentin at Harvard on the one hand, and of his memories on the other, are clearly discernible. Throughout this section, Quentin makes preparations for his suicide by drowning, including leaving letters for classmates. </p><p>Quentin's main obsession is Caddy's virginity and purity. He is obsessed with Southern ideals of chivalry and is strongly protective of women, especially his sister; he is horrified when she engages in sexual promiscuity. He turns to his father for help and counsel, but the pragmatic Mr. Compson tells him that virginity is invented by men and should not be taken seriously. He also tells Quentin that time will heal all. Quentin spends much of his time trying to prove his father wrong, but is unable to do so. Shortly before Quentin leaves for Harvard in the fall of 1909, Caddy becomes pregnant by a lover she is unable to identify, perhaps Dalton Ames, whom Quentin confronts. The two fight, with Quentin losing disgracefully and Caddy vowing, for Quentin's sake, to never speak to Dalton again. Quentin tells his father that they have committed <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a>, but his father knows that he is lying: <i>"and he did you try to make her do it and i i was afraid to i was afraid she might and then it wouldn't do any good"</i> (112). Quentin's idea of incest is shaped by the idea that, if they <i>"could just have done something so dreadful that they would have fled hell except us"</i> (51), he could protect his sister by joining her in whatever punishment she might endure. In his mind, he feels a need to take responsibility for Caddy's sin. </p><p>Pregnant and alone, Caddy marries Herbert Head. Quentin finds him repulsive, but Caddy is resolute: she must marry before she gives birth. Herbert finds out that the child is not his, and sends Caddy and her new daughter away in shame. He also rescinds his offer of a bank job to Caddy's brother Jason, who holds Caddy responsible for this misfortune and never forgives her. Quentin's wanderings through Harvard as he cuts classes follow the pattern of his heartbreak over losing Caddy. For instance, he meets a small Italian immigrant girl who speaks no English. Significantly, he calls her "sister" and spends much of the day trying to communicate with her, and to care for her by finding her home, to no avail. He thinks sadly of the downfall and squalor of the South after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Tormented by his conflicting thoughts and emotions, Quentin commits suicide by drowning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_3:_April_6,_1928"><span id="Part_3:_April_6.2C_1928"></span>Part 3: April 6, 1928</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Part 3: April 6, 1928"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third section is narrated by Jason, the third child and his mother Caroline's favorite. Ironically, he is the only child who does not want, need, or return her love. It takes place the day before Benjy's section, on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. Of the three brothers' sections, Jason's is the most straightforward, reflecting his single-minded desire to make money. He worries obsessively about his (bad) investments in the cotton market, which symbolize the financial decline of the South. </p><p>By 1928, Jason's father has died and Jason has become the family breadwinner. He supports his mother, Benjy, and Miss Quentin (daughter of Caddy, the family's second-born), as well as the family's servants. The unjust burden makes him bitter and cynical, with little of the passionate sensitivity of his irresponsible older brother and sister. He goes so far as to blackmail Caddy into making him Miss Quentin's sole guardian, then uses that role to steal the support payments that Caddy sends for her daughter, amounting to tens of thousands of dollars over 17 years, stashing thousands in cash in a strongbox. Jason uses the money to maintain a mistress in Memphis and play the stock market. Miss Quentin and her lover later recoup some of the money by climbing through a window and purloining the strongbox. </p><p>This is the first section narrated in a mostly linear fashion, compared with Benjy and Quentin’s disjointed stream of consciousness. It follows the course of Good Friday, a day on which Jason decides to leave work to search for Miss Quentin, who has run away, seemingly in pursuit of mischief. Here we see most immediately the conflict between the two predominant traits of the Compson family, which Caroline attributes to the difference between her blood and her husband's: on the one hand, Miss Quentin's recklessness and passion, inherited from her mother and Compson’s grandfather; on the other, Jason's ruthless cynicism, drawn from his mother's side. This section also gives the clearest image of domestic life in the Compson household, with Jason and the servants caring for <a href="/wiki/Hypochondriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypochondriac">hypochondriac</a> Caroline and disabled Benjy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_4:_April_8,_1928"><span id="Part_4:_April_8.2C_1928"></span>Part 4: April 8, 1928</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Part 4: April 8, 1928"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>April 8, 1928, is <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>. This section, the only one without a single <a href="/wiki/First_person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="First person narrative">first-person narrator</a>, focuses on Dilsey, the powerful matriarch of the Black family servants. She, in contrast to the declining Compsons, draws strength from her faith, standing proud amid a dying family. On this Easter Sunday, Dilsey takes her family and Benjy to the "colored" church. Through her we sense the decay and depravity which have ripened in the Compsons for decades. Dilsey is mistreated and abused, but remains loyal. She and her grandson Luster tend to Benjy as she takes him to church and tries to bring him to salvation. The preacher's sermon makes her weep for the Compson family, whose destruction she is now witnessing. </p><p>Meanwhile, the tension between Jason and Miss Quentin reaches its inevitable conclusion. The family discovers that Miss Quentin has run away in the night with a carnival worker, having taken the strongbox in which Jason had hidden all his savings, both earned and stolen. Jason complains to the sheriff, who is sympathetic to Miss Quentin and refuses to help. Since much of the money had been embezzled from Miss Quentin, Jason doesn't press the issue. He sets off to find her on his own, but loses her trail in nearby Mottson and gives up. </p><p>After church, Dilsey allows her grandson Luster to drive Benjy in the family's decrepit horse and carriage to the graveyard. Luster, disregarding Benjy's set routine, drives the wrong way around a monument, provoking Benjy into hysterical sobbing. Jason suddenly appears, slaps Luster, turns the carriage around, and, in an attempt to quiet the sobbing, hits Benjy and breaks his flower stalk, screaming "Shut up!" After Jason gets off and Luster heads home, Benjy falls silent. Luster turns around to look at Benjy and sees him holding his drooping flower, his eyes "empty and blue and serene again." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appendix:_Compson:_1699–1945"><span id="Appendix:_Compson:_1699.E2.80.931945"></span>Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945, Faulkner wrote an appendix to the novel to be published in the then-forthcoming anthology <i>The Portable Faulkner</i>, edited by Malcolm Cowley.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Faulkner's behest, subsequent printings of <i>The Sound and the Fury</i> frequently contain the appendix at the end of the book; it is sometimes referred to as the fifth part. Written sixteen years after <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>, the appendix shows textual differences from the novel, but serves to clarify the novel's opaque story. </p><p>The appendix is presented as a complete history of the Compson family lineage, beginning with the arrival of their ancestor Quentin Maclachlan in America in 1779 and continuing through 1945, including events that transpired after the novel (which takes place in 1928). In particular, the appendix reveals that Caroline Bascomb Compson died in 1933, at which time Jason had Benjy committed to the state asylum in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a>, fired the Black servants, sold the last of the Compson land, and moved into an apartment above his farming supply store. It is also revealed that Jason had himself declared Benjy's legal guardian many years ago, without their mother's knowledge, and used this status to have Benjy castrated. </p><p>The appendix also reveals the fate of Caddy, last seen in the novel when her daughter Quentin is still a baby. After marrying and divorcing a second time (to a "minor moving picture magnate" in Hollywood), Caddy moved to Paris, where she lived at the time of the German occupation. In 1943, the librarian of Yoknapatawpha County discovered a magazine photograph of Caddy in the company of a German staff general and attempted separately to recruit Jason and Dilsey to save her: Jason, at first acknowledging that the photo was of his sister, denied it after realizing that the librarian wanted his help, while Dilsey pretended to be unable to see the picture at all. The librarian later realized that while Jason remains cold and unsympathetic towards Caddy, Dilsey simply understands that Caddy neither wants nor needs to be saved from the Germans, because nothing else remains for her. </p><p>The appendix concludes with an accounting for the Black family who worked as servants to the Compsons. Unlike the entries for the Compsons themselves, which are lengthy, detailed, and told with an omniscient narrative perspective, the servants' entries are simple and succinct. Dilsey's entry, the final in the appendix, consists of two words: "They endured." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Compson_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Compson Family">Compson Family</a></div> <ul><li>Jason Compson III – father of the Compson family, a lawyer who attended the <a href="/wiki/Sewanee:_The_University_of_the_South" title="Sewanee: The University of the South">University of the South</a>: a pessimist and alcoholic, with cynical opinions that torment his son Quentin. He also narrates several chapters of <i><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a></i></li> <li>Caroline Bascomb Compson – wife of Jason Compson III: a self-absorbed neurotic who has never shown affection for any of her children except Jason, whom she seems to like only because he takes after her side of the family. In her old age she has become an abusive hypochondriac.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Compson" title="Quentin Compson">Quentin Compson III</a> – the oldest Compson child: passionate and neurotic, he commits suicide as the tragic culmination of the damaging influence of his father's pessimistic philosophy and his inability to cope with his sister's sexual promiscuity. He is also a character in <i><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a></i> The bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>, where he commits suicide in the novel, bears a <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Compson" title="Quentin Compson">plaque</a> to commemorate the character's life and death.</li> <li>Candace "Caddy" Compson – the second Compson child, strong-willed yet caring. Benjy's only real caregiver and Quentin's best friend. According to Faulkner, Caddy is the true hero of the novel. Caddy never develops a voice; rather, her brothers' emotions towards her provide the development of her character.</li> <li>Jason Compson IV – the bitter, openly racist third child who is troubled by monetary debt and sexual frustration. He works at a farming goods store owned by a man named Earl and becomes head of the household in 1912. Has been embezzling Miss Quentin's support payments for years. To Faulkner, Jason represented "complete evil".<sup id="cite_ref-Matchless_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matchless-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 114">: 114 </span></sup></li> <li>Benjamin (nicknamed Benjy, born Maury) Compson – the mentally-disabled fourth child, who is a constant source of shame and grief for his family, especially his mother, who insisted on his name change to Benjamin. Caddy is the only family member who shows any genuine love towards him. Luster, albeit begrudgingly, shows concern for him occasionally, but usually out of obligation. He has an almost animal-like "sixth sense" about people, as he was able to tell that Caddy had lost her virginity just from her smell. The model for Benjy's character may have had its beginning in the 1925 New Orleans <i>Times Picayune</i> sketch by Faulkner entitled "The Kingdom of God".</li> <li>Dilsey Gibson – the matriarch of the servant family, which includes her own three children — Versh, Frony, and T.P. — and her grandson Luster (Frony's son); they serve as Benjamin's caretakers throughout his life. An observer of the Compson family's decline.</li> <li>Miss Quentin Compson – daughter of Caddy, whom the Compsons take in when Herbert divorces Caddy. She is wild and promiscuous and eventually runs away from home. Often referred to as "Quentin II" or "Miss Quentin" by readers to distinguish her from her uncle, for whom she was named.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_structure">Style and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Style and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel's episodes follow the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">three days</a> of <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four parts of the novel relate many of the same episodes, each from a different point of view and therefore with emphasis on different themes and events. This interweaving and nonlinear structure makes any true synopsis of the novel difficult, especially since the narrators are all unreliable in their own way, making their accounts not necessarily trustworthy at all times. Also in this novel, Faulkner uses italics to indicate points in each section where the narrative is moving into a significant moment in the past. The use of these italics can be confusing, however, as time shifts are not always marked by the use of italics, and periods of different time in each section do not necessarily stay in italics for the duration of the flashback. Thus, these time shifts can often be jarring and confusing, and require particularly close reading.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Sound_and_The_Fury">The Sound and The Fury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Sound and The Fury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Faulkner began writing the story that would develop into <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>, it "was tentatively titled ‘Twilight,’ [and] narrated by a fourth Compson child," but as the story progressed into a larger work, he renamed it,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> drawing its title from <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(character)" title="Macbeth (character)">Macbeth</a>'s famous <a href="/wiki/Soliloquy" title="Soliloquy">soliloquy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_and_tomorrow_and_tomorrow_(quotation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow (quotation)">act 5, scene 5</a> of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>: </p> <blockquote><div style="" class="poem"> <p>Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow,<br /> Creeps in this petty pace from day to day<br /> To the last syllable of recorded time,<br /> And all our yesterdays have lighted fools<br /> The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!<br /> Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player<br /> That struts and frets his hour upon the stage<br /> And then is heard no more: it is a tale<br /> Told by an idiot, full of <b>sound and fury,</b><br /> Signifying nothing. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Immediately obvious is the notion of a "tale told by an idiot," in this case Benjy, whose view of the Compsons' story opens the novel. The idea can be extended also to Quentin and Jason, whose narratives display their own varieties of idiocy. More to the point, the novel recounts "the way to dusty death" of a traditional upper-class Southern family. The last line is, perhaps, the most meaningful: Faulkner said in his <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> acceptance speech that people must write about things that come from the heart, "universal truths." Otherwise, they signify nothing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon publication the influential critic <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Fadiman" title="Clifton Fadiman">Clifton Fadiman</a> dismissed the novel, arguing in <i>The Nation</i> that "the theme and the characters are trivial, unworthy of the enormous and complex craftsmanship expended on them."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But <i>The Sound and the Fury</i> ultimately went on to achieve a prominent place among the greatest of American novels, playing a role in William Faulkner's receiving the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. </p><p>It is nearly unanimously considered a masterpiece by literary critics and scholars, but its unconventional narrative style frequently alienates new readers. Although the vocabulary is generally basic, the stream-of-consciousness technique, which attempts to transcribe the thoughts of the narrators directly, with frequent switches in time and setting and with loose sentence structure and grammar, has made it a quintessentially difficult modernist work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_significance">Literary significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Literary significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Sound and the Fury</i> is a widely influential work of literature. Faulkner has been praised for his ability to recreate the thought process of the human mind. In addition, it is viewed as an essential development in the <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(narrative_mode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)">stream-of-consciousness</a> literary technique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_(1959_film)" title="The Sound and the Fury (1959 film)">film adaptation</a> was released in 1959 directed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ritt" title="Martin Ritt">Martin Ritt</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leighton" title="Margaret Leighton">Margaret Leighton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Whitman" title="Stuart Whitman">Stuart Whitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Waters" title="Ethel Waters">Ethel Waters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Warden" title="Jack Warden">Jack Warden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Dekker" title="Albert Dekker">Albert Dekker</a>. The movie bears little resemblance to the novel.</li> <li>Another adaptation, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury_(2014_film)" title="The Sound and the Fury (2014 film)">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> (2014), was directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Franco" title="James Franco">James Franco</a> and starred Franco as Benjy Compson, Jacob Loeb as <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Compson" title="Quentin Compson">Quentin Compson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joey_King" title="Joey King">Joey King</a> as Miss Quentin, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Blake_Nelson" title="Tim Blake Nelson">Tim Blake Nelson</a> as Mr. Compson, <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Devine" title="Loretta Devine">Loretta Devine</a> as Dilsey, <a href="/wiki/Ahna_O%27Reilly" title="Ahna O'Reilly">Ahna O'Reilly</a> as Caddy Compson, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Haze" title="Scott Haze">Scott Haze</a> as Jason Compson, Kylen Davis as Luster, <a href="/wiki/Seth_Rogen" title="Seth Rogen">Seth Rogen</a> as a Telegraph Operator, <a href="/wiki/Danny_McBride" title="Danny McBride">Danny McBride</a> as a Sheriff, and <a href="/wiki/Logan_Marshall-Green" title="Logan Marshall-Green">Logan Marshall-Green</a> as Dalton Ames. It made its premiere at the <a href="/wiki/71st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="71st Venice International Film Festival">71st Venice International Film Festival</a>, where it screened out-of-competition.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limited_edition">Limited edition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Limited edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/The_Folio_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The Folio Society">The Folio Society</a> released an edition, limited to 1480 copies, of <i>The Sound and the Fury. </i>This edition is the first to use colored ink to represent different time sequences for the first section of the novel. This limited edition is also sold with a special commentary volume edited by Faulkner scholars Stephen Ross and Noel Polk. According to The Folio Society, "We can never know if this [edition] is exactly what Faulkner would have envisaged, but the result justifies his belief that coloured inks would allow readers to follow the strands of the novel more easily, without compromising the ‘thought-transference’ for which he argued so passionately."<sup id="cite_ref-limited_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-limited-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde%27s_100_Books_of_the_Century" title="Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century"><i>Le Monde</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> 100 Books of the Century</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorrison" class="citation web cs1">Morrison, Gail M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drc.usask.ca/projects/faulkner/main/criticism/morrison.html">"The Composition of <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saskatchewan" title="University of Saskatchewan">University of Saskatchewan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Composition+of+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.pub=University+of+Saskatchewan&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Gail+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrc.usask.ca%2Fprojects%2Ffaulkner%2Fmain%2Fcriticism%2Fmorrison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinsBoyle" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Jennifer; Boyle, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/publicdomainday/2025/">"Public Domain Day 2025"</a>. Duke's Center for the Study of the Public Domain.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Domain+Day+2025&rft.pub=Duke%27s+Center+for+the+Study+of+the+Public+Domain&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Boyle%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.law.duke.edu%2Fcspd%2Fpublicdomainday%2F2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1997" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Philip (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drc.usask.ca/projects/faulkner/main/criticism/cohen.html">"The Key to the Whole Book: Faulkner's <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>, the Compson Appendix, and Textual Instability"</a>. <i>drc.usask.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drc.usask.ca&rft.atitle=The+Key+to+the+Whole+Book%3A+Faulkner%27s+The+Sound+and+the+Fury%2C+the+Compson+Appendix%2C+and+Textual+Instability&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrc.usask.ca%2Fprojects%2Ffaulkner%2Fmain%2Fcriticism%2Fcohen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/288779/the-portable-faulkner-by-william-faulkner/">"The Portable Faulkner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Portable+Faulkner&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fbooks%2F288779%2Fthe-portable-faulkner-by-william-faulkner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matchless-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matchless_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG.W.1962" class="citation book cs1">G.W., Allen (1962). "With Faulkner in Japan". <i>The American Scholar</i>. Vol. 31 (31(4) ed.). Washington D.C.: Phi Beta Kappa Society. p. 570. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41208986">41208986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=With+Faulkner+in+Japan&rft.btitle=The+American+Scholar&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=570&rft.edition=31%284%29&rft.pub=Phi+Beta+Kappa+Society&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41208986%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=G.W.&rft.aufirst=Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2010" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Christopher (2010). <i>Modernism: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280441-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280441-9"><bdi>978-0-19-280441-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280441-9&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingal1997" class="citation book cs1">Singal, Daniel J. (1997). <i>William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist</i>. Chapel Hill: <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. pp. xii, 357.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner%3A+The+Making+of+a+Modernist&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pages=xii%2C+357&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Singal&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitman2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Heitman, Danny (Summer 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2017/summer/feature/clifton-fadiman-didn%E2%80%99t-mind-being-called-schoolmasterish">"Clifton Fadiman Didn't Mind Being Called Schoolmasterish"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities#Humanities_magazine" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">Humanities</a></i>. Vol. 38, no. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities&rft.atitle=Clifton+Fadiman+Didn%27t+Mind+Being+Called+Schoolmasterish&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Heitman&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Fhumanities%2F2017%2Fsummer%2Ffeature%2Fclifton-fadiman-didn%25E2%2580%2599t-mind-being-called-schoolmasterish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-limited-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-limited_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120520093848/http://www.foliosociety.com/book/SAF/sound-and-the-fury">"The Sound and the Fury"</a> (Limited ed.). <a href="/wiki/Folio_Society" title="Folio Society">Folio Society</a>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foliosociety.com/book/SAF/sound-and-the-fury">the original</a> on May 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.edition=Limited&rft.pub=Folio+Society&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foliosociety.com%2Fbook%2FSAF%2Fsound-and-the-fury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1990" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Deland (1990). "Through Days of Easter: Time and Narrative in <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>". <i>Literature and Theology</i>. <b>4</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">311–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flitthe%2F4.3.311">10.1093/litthe/4.3.311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Literature+and+Theology&rft.atitle=Through+Days+of+Easter%3A+Time+and+Narrative+in+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Flitthe%2F4.3.311&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Deland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bleikasten, André. The Ink of Melancholy: Faulkner's Novels from <i>The Sound and the Fury</i> to <i>Light in August</i>. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990.</li> <li>Bleikasten, André. The Most Splendid Failure: Faulkner's <i>The Sound and the Fury.</i> Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1976.</li> <li>Brooks, Cleanth. <i>William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Country</i>. New Haven: Yale UP, 1963.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastille1992" class="citation journal cs1">Castille, Philip D. (1992). "Dilsey's Easter Conversion in Faulkner's <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>". <i>Studies in the Novel</i>. <b>24</b>: <span class="nowrap">423–</span>33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+the+Novel&rft.atitle=Dilsey%27s+Easter+Conversion+in+Faulkner%27s+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E423-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Castille&rft.aufirst=Philip+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cowan, Michael H., ed. <i>Twentieth Century Interpretations of</i> The Sound and the Fury<i>: A collection of Critical Essays</i>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahill-Baue1996" class="citation journal cs1">Dahill-Baue, William (1996). "Insignificant Monkeys: Preaching Black English in Faulkner's <i>The Sound and the Fury</i> and Morrison's <i>The Bluest Eye</i> and <i>Beloved</i>". <i>Mississippi Quarterly</i>. <b>49</b>: <span class="nowrap">457–</span>73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mississippi+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Insignificant+Monkeys%3A+Preaching+Black+English+in+Faulkner%27s+The+Sound+and+the+Fury+and+Morrison%27s+The+Bluest+Eye+and+Beloved&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E457-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Dahill-Baue&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Davis, Thadious M. <i>Faulkner's "Negro": Art and the Southern Context</i>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1983.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming1992" class="citation journal cs1">Fleming, Robert E. (1992). "James Weldon Johnson's <i>God's Trombones</i> as a Source for Faulkner's Rev'un Shegog". <i>CLA Journal</i>. <b>36</b>: <span class="nowrap">24–</span>30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CLA+Journal&rft.atitle=James+Weldon+Johnson%27s+God%27s+Trombones+as+a+Source+for+Faulkner%27s+Rev%27un+Shegog&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gunn, Giles. "Faulkner's Heterodoxy: Faith and Family in <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>". <i>Faulkner and Religion: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha</i>, 1989. Ed. Doreen Fowler and Ann J. Abadie. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1991. 44–64.</li> <li>Hagood, Taylor, ed. (2014). <i>The Sound and the Fury, by William Faulkner</i>. Critical Insights. Ipswich, MA: Salem Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagopian1967" class="citation journal cs1">Hagopian, John V. (1967). "Nihilism in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury". <i>Modern Fiction Studies</i>. <b>13</b>: <span class="nowrap">45–</span>55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Fiction+Studies&rft.atitle=Nihilism+in+Faulkner%27s+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Hagopian&rft.aufirst=John+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHein2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hein, David (2005). "The Reverend Mr. Shegog's Easter Sermon: Preaching as Communion in Faulkner's <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>". <i>Mississippi Quarterly</i>. <b>58</b>: <span class="nowrap">559–</span>80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mississippi+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Reverend+Mr.+Shegog%27s+Easter+Sermon%3A+Preaching+as+Communion+in+Faulkner%27s+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.volume=58&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E559-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hein&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Howe, Irving. <i>William Faulkner: A Critical Study</i>. 3d ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1975.</li> <li>Kartiganer, Donald M. <i>The Fragile Thread: The Meaning of Form in Faulkner's Novels</i>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1979.</li> <li>Marshall, Alexander J., III. "The Dream Deferred: William Faulkner's Metaphysics of Absence". <i>Faulkner and Religion: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha</i>, 1989. Ed. Doreen Fowler and Ann J. Abadie. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1991. 177–192.</li> <li>Matthews, John T. <i>The Play of Faulkner's Language</i>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1982.</li> <li>Matthews, John T. <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>: Faulkner and the Lost Cause. Boston: Twayne, 1991.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalumbo1979" class="citation journal cs1">Palumbo, Donald (1979). "The Concept of God in Faulkner's <i>Light in August</i>, <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>, <i>As I Lay Dying</i>, and <i>Absalom, Absalom!</i>". <i>South Central Bulletin</i>. <b>34</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">142–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3188498">10.2307/3188498</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3188498">3188498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Central+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+God+in+Faulkner%27s+Light+in+August%2C+The+Sound+and+the+Fury%2C+As+I+Lay+Dying%2C+and+Absalom%2C+Absalom%21&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E142-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3188498&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3188498%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Palumbo&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Polk, Noel. "Trying Not to Say: A Primer on the Language of <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>". New Essays on <i>The Sound and the Fury.</i> Ed. Noel Polk. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993. 139–175.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadloff1986" class="citation journal cs1">Radloff, Bernhard (1986). "The Unity of Time in The Sound and the Fury". <i>The Faulkner Journal</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">56–</span>68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Faulkner+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Unity+of+Time+in+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Radloff&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg1969" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, Bruce A. (1969). "The Oral Quality of Rev. Shegog's Sermon in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury". <i>Literatur in Wissenschaft und Unterricht</i>. <b>2</b>: <span class="nowrap">73–</span>88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Literatur+in+Wissenschaft+und+Unterricht&rft.atitle=The+Oral+Quality+of+Rev.+Shegog%27s+Sermon+in+William+Faulkner%27s+The+Sound+and+the+Fury&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Bruce+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ross, Stephen M. <i>Fiction's Inexhaustible Voice: Speech and Writing in Faulkner</i>. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1989.</li> <li>Ross, Stephen M., and Noel Polk. <i>Reading Faulkner: "The Sound and the Fury".</i> Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1996.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSartre" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre, Jean-Paul</a>. Patrick J. Hoffmann; Olga W. Vickery (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720153938/http://lavachequilit.typepad.com/files/time-space-faulkner-sartre.pdf"><i>William Faulkner; Three Decades of Criticism</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: Harcourt. pp. <span class="nowrap">225–</span>233. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lavachequilit.typepad.com/files/time-space-faulkner-sartre.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner%3B+Three+Decades+of+Criticism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E225-%3C%2Fspan%3E233&rft.pub=Harcourt&rft.aulast=Sartre&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flavachequilit.typepad.com%2Ffiles%2Ftime-space-faulkner-sartre.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTredell1999" class="citation book cs1">Tredell, Nicholas, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WV8b1JoaLN8C&q=faulkner+sound+fury+sundquist&pg=PA7"><i>William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; As I Lay Dying</i></a> (First ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12189-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12189-7"><bdi>978-0-231-12189-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Faulkner%3A+The+Sound+and+the+Fury%3B+As+I+Lay+Dying&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12189-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWV8b1JoaLN8C%26q%3Dfaulkner%2Bsound%2Bfury%2Bsundquist%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Sound+and+the+Fury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sundquist, Eric J. <i>Faulkner: The House Divided</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1983.</li> <li>Urgo, Joseph R. "A Note on Reverend Shegog's Sermon in Faulkner's <i>The Sound and the Fury</i>". <i>NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature</i> 8.1 (1984): item 4.</li> <li>Vickery, Olga W. <i>The Novels of William Faulkner: A Critical Interpretation</i>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1964.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sound_and_the_Fury&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/75170">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/william-faulkner/the-sound-and-the-fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/?text=SF"><i>The Sound and the Fury</i> at Digital Yoknapatawpha</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usask.ca/english/faulkner/">Hypertext edition of <i>The Sound and the Fury</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100118151916/http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/~egjbp/faulkner/faulkner.html">A comprehensive guide to Faulkner</a>, including chronologically organized breakdowns of Benjy and Quentin's sections.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookdrum.com/books/the-sound-and-the-fury/9780099475019/index.html">Book Drum illustrated profile of <i>The Sound and the Fury</i></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Sartoris" title="Sartoris">Sartoris</a> </i>or <i><a href="/wiki/Flags_in_the_Dust" title="Flags in the Dust">Flags in the Dust</a></i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Novels set in <a href="/wiki/Yoknapatawpha_County" title="Yoknapatawpha County">Yoknapatawpha County</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="As I Lay Dying (novel)">As I Lay Dying</a></i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:William_Faulkner" title="Template:William Faulkner"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Faulkner" title="Template talk:William Faulkner"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Faulkner" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Faulkner"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Faulkner148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_bibliography" title="William Faulkner bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_Pay" title="Soldiers' Pay">Soldiers' Pay</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mosquitoes_(novel)" title="Mosquitoes (novel)">Mosquitoes</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sartoris" title="Sartoris">Sartoris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Flags_in_the_Dust" title="Flags in the Dust">Flags in the Dust</a></i> (1929 / 1973)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying" title="As I Lay Dying">As I Lay Dying</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Faulkner_novel)" title="Sanctuary (Faulkner novel)">Sanctuary</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_in_August" title="Light in August">Light in August</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pylon_(novel)" title="Pylon (novel)">Pylon</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unvanquished" title="The Unvanquished">The Unvanquished</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/If_I_Forget_Thee,_Jerusalem" title="If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem">If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hamlet" title="The Hamlet">The Hamlet</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_Down,_Moses_(book)" title="Go Down, Moses (book)">Go Down, Moses</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intruder_in_the_Dust" title="Intruder in the Dust">Intruder in the Dust</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_a_Nun" title="Requiem for a Nun">Requiem for a Nun</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Faulkner_novel)" title="The Town (Faulkner novel)">The Town</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mansion_(novel)" title="The Mansion (novel)">The Mansion</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story<br />collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/These_13" title="These 13">These 13</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Gambit" title="Knight's Gambit">Knight's Gambit</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Stories_of_William_Faulkner" title="Collected Stories of William Faulkner">Collected Stories</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Landing_in_Luck" title="Landing in Luck">Landing in Luck</a>" (1919)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_for_Emily" title="A Rose for Emily">A Rose for Emily</a>" (1930)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_Leaves" title="Red Leaves">Red Leaves</a>" (1930)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dry_September" title="Dry September">Dry September</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spotted_Horses" title="Spotted Horses">Spotted Horses</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Evening_Sun" title="That Evening Sun">That Evening Sun</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Victory" title="Mountain Victory">Mountain Victory</a>" (1932)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barn_Burning" title="Barn Burning">Barn Burning</a>" (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tall_Men_(short_story)" title="The Tall Men (short story)">The Tall Men</a>" (1941)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shingles_for_the_Lord" title="Shingles for the Lord">Shingles for the Lord</a>" (1943)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flesh_(1932_film)" title="Flesh (1932 film)">Flesh</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Today_We_Live" title="Today We Live">Today We Live</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Patrol" title="Submarine Patrol">Submarine Patrol</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_Have_Not_(film)" title="To Have and Have Not (film)">To Have and Have Not</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a></i> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wishing_Tree_(Faulkner_book)" title="The Wishing Tree (Faulkner book)">The Wishing Tree</a></i> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Clark_Falkner" title="William Clark Falkner">William Clark Falkner (great-grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Oak" title="Rowan Oak">Rowan Oak home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_and_Shirley_Small_Special_Collections_Library#William_Faulkner" title="Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library">Papers and manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner_Foundation" title="William Faulkner Foundation">William Faulkner Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoknapatawpha_County" title="Yoknapatawpha County">Yoknapatawpha County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compson_family" title="Compson family">Compson family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Compson" title="Quentin Compson">Quentin Compson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Grenier" title="Louis Grenier">Louis Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikkemotubbe" title="Ikkemotubbe">Ikkemotubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Stevens_(character)" title="Gavin Stevens (character)">Gavin Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutpen" title="Thomas Sutpen">Thomas Sutpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snopes_trilogy" title="Snopes trilogy">Snopes trilogy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Renaissance" title="Southern Renaissance">Southern Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_Faulkner_contest" title="Faux Faulkner contest">Faux Faulkner contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEN/Faulkner_Award_for_Fiction" title="PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction">PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fiction,_Film,_and_Faulkner" title="Fiction, Film, and Faulkner">Fiction, Film, and Faulkner</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></b> 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