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id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-11d370d6-6cf5-4eb0-b202-e41d0a50ff13"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Peter Lindert</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/">University of California, Davis</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/Departments/Economics/Documents">Economics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Distinguished Research 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class="data">65</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><b>Address: </b>Davis, California, United States<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10215974" 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568363"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568363/Growing_Public_Is_the_Welfare_State_Mortal_or_Exportable"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Growing Public: Is the Welfare State Mortal or Exportable?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336602/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568363/Growing_Public_Is_the_Welfare_State_Mortal_or_Exportable">Growing Public: Is the Welfare State Mortal or Exportable?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The welfare state is not an endangered species among the industrialized OECD countries. There is ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The welfare state is not an endangered species among the industrialized OECD countries. There is no race to the bottom. OECD experience since 1980 does not show any negative effect of larger tax-financed transfers on national product. There are good reasons for this “free lunch puzzle.” Highbudget welfare states feature a tax mix that is more pro-growth than the tax mixes of lowbudget America, Japan, and Switzerland. The high-budget states also have more efficient health care, better support for child care and women’s careers, and other features that mitigate the negative incentives on transfer recipients. Experience from the 1980s and 1990s suggests how population aging and the pension crisis will affect government budgets in this century. The countries with the oldest populations had already begun to cut the relative generosity of their transfers to the elderly per elderly person. They did not, however, cut real benefits or the shares of public pensions or other transfers in GDP. ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0f7ab410d51da99f891339a010a7758d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336602,"asset_id":67568363,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336602/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568363"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568363"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568363; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568363]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568363; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568363']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568363, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0f7ab410d51da99f891339a010a7758d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568363]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568363,"title":"Growing Public: Is the Welfare State Mortal or Exportable?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The welfare state is not an endangered species among the industrialized OECD countries. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568362/1_Russian_Inequality_on_the_Eve_of_Revolution_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 1 “ Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution ”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336584/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568362/1_Russian_Inequality_on_the_Eve_of_Revolution_">1 “ Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution ”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, rela...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, relative to other countries, to Russia’s earlier history, and to Russia’s income distribution today? Careful weighing of an eclectic data set provides provisional answers. In 1904, on the eve of military defeat and the 1905 Revolution, Russian income inequality was middling by the standards of that era, and less severe than inequality has become today in such countries as China, the United States, and Russia itself. We enrich this emerging story by noting some distinctive fiscal and relative-price features of Imperial Russia. We hope that this report sets the stage for comparisons to Russian before the serf Emancipation of 1861. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568360"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568360/The_Rise_and_Future_of_Progressive_Redistribution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Rise and Future of Progressive Redistribution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336579/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568360/The_Rise_and_Future_of_Progressive_Redistribution">The Rise and Future of Progressive Redistribution</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Starting from today&#39;s collection of estimates of fiscal distribution within each of 53 countr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Starting from today&#39;s collection of estimates of fiscal distribution within each of 53 countries, we can begin mapping a history of how redistribution has evolved historically, and to project some influences on its trends in the next few decades. There appears to have been a global shift toward progressive redistribution over the last hundred years in all prosperous countries. The retreats toward regressive redistribution have been rare and have been reversed. As a corollary, the rise in income inequality since the 1970s owes nothing to any retreat from progressive government spending. Adding the effects of rising subsidy for public education on the later inequality of adult earning power strongly suggests that a fuller, longer-run measure of fiscal incidence would reveal a history of still greater shift toward progressivity, most notably in Japan, Korea, andTaiwan. The key determinant of progressivity in the decades ahead is population aging, not inequality itself or immigratio...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34d299613273448664b6cfa084b61c5d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336579,"asset_id":67568360,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336579/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568360"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568360"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568360; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568360]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568360]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568360; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568360']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568360, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "34d299613273448664b6cfa084b61c5d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568360]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568360,"title":"The Rise and Future of Progressive Redistribution","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Starting from today\u0026#39;s collection of estimates of fiscal distribution within each of 53 countries, we can begin mapping a history of how redistribution has evolved historically, and to project some influences on its trends in the next few decades. 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Adding the effects of rising subsidy for public education on the later inequality of adult earning power strongly suggests that a fuller, longer-run measure of fiscal incidence would reveal a history of still greater shift toward progressivity, most notably in Japan, Korea, andTaiwan. 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Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568359/2_Are_Government_Social_Programs_Bad_for_Economic_Growth">2. Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>How Big Should Our Government Be?</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568359, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568359,"title":"2. Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"How Big Should Our Government Be?","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"How Big Should Our Government Be?"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67568359/2_Are_Government_Social_Programs_Bad_for_Economic_Growth","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-07T16:34:54.800-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10215974,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"2_Are_Government_Social_Programs_Bad_for_Economic_Growth","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10215974,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lindert","page_name":"PLindert","domain_name":"ucdavis","created_at":"2014-03-18T01:55:57.640-07:00","display_name":"Peter Lindert","url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/PLindert"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568358/The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A_Reply_to_Bergh"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Welfare State Is the Wrong Target: A Reply to Bergh" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568358/The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A_Reply_to_Bergh">The Welfare State Is the Wrong Target: A Reply to Bergh</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Econ Journal Watch</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic gr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic growth. Andreas Bergh (2006) raises both small and large concerns that deserve further exploration. Let us go first to the largest issues of scope and methods, then to his specific criticisms of parts of my Growing Public book (hereafter GP) relating to Swedenâ€™s policies toward the poor, toward womenâ€™s work, and toward retirement. The final section of this reply invites him and others to re-focus their search for flaws in large government, since the welfare state, as actually practiced, has not become a major flaw. On the contrary, the social transfers that have always defined the welfare state are indeed a â€œfree lunchâ€ in the sense that they have delivered more equality and longer life expectancy at an essentially zero cost in terms of GDP. Rather, it is other forms of legal and governmental interference with markets that are more likely to be anti-growth.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a6aedf9b12a8e1e29037ee834b9708b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336578,"asset_id":67568358,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336578/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568358"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568358]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568358']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568358, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2a6aedf9b12a8e1e29037ee834b9708b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568358]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568358,"title":"The Welfare State Is the Wrong Target: A Reply to Bergh","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic growth. 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Rather, it is other forms of legal and governmental interference with markets that are more likely to be anti-growth.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Econ Journal Watch"},"translated_abstract":"I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic growth. Andreas Bergh (2006) raises both small and large concerns that deserve further exploration. Let us go first to the largest issues of scope and methods, then to his specific criticisms of parts of my Growing Public book (hereafter GP) relating to Swedenâ€™s policies toward the poor, toward womenâ€™s work, and toward retirement. The final section of this reply invites him and others to re-focus their search for flaws in large government, since the welfare state, as actually practiced, has not become a major flaw. On the contrary, the social transfers that have always defined the welfare state are indeed a â€œfree lunchâ€ in the sense that they have delivered more equality and longer life expectancy at an essentially zero cost in terms of GDP. Rather, it is other forms of legal and governmental interference with markets that are more likely to be anti-growth.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67568358/The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A_Reply_to_Bergh","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-07T16:34:54.679-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10215974,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78336578,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336578/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2006-05-lindert-com.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336578/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78336578/2006-05-lindert-com-libre.pdf?1641603276=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732510175\u0026Signature=WKnnEpnAgNWH3YYYbFu8mM2HfOebzAAeIGsf6vYC2aCQcB7zObr31b4T8xYLuHXNOp~q0r5ZRQ8yfcKAT935qA6TeUqnpSJSDpXRx77dEe7tM-fZKk3WaMcgg0EG58IP4pwMIbn5sWEwYEmiePCh5jl39T0~MDW-Qq649G~XlTACmhXz9MDHEWD4q20UaRtKwOGchEmtNImSrVtUw23E1JLyxhPIkDdl~JnJJMf8Fm3roHAhD~cKFdfnFyWVYmXFp~52F2j80um7n-rLB-4yasPDYXSC9xIAf80cu3UMyNHjcpYz4d-luBrpytr0JMyRwOFWr5K0417IJK22AcSZxQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A_Reply_to_Bergh","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10215974,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lindert","page_name":"PLindert","domain_name":"ucdavis","created_at":"2014-03-18T01:55:57.640-07:00","display_name":"Peter Lindert","url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/PLindert"},"attachments":[{"id":78336578,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336578/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2006-05-lindert-com.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336578/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78336578/2006-05-lindert-com-libre.pdf?1641603276=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732510175\u0026Signature=WKnnEpnAgNWH3YYYbFu8mM2HfOebzAAeIGsf6vYC2aCQcB7zObr31b4T8xYLuHXNOp~q0r5ZRQ8yfcKAT935qA6TeUqnpSJSDpXRx77dEe7tM-fZKk3WaMcgg0EG58IP4pwMIbn5sWEwYEmiePCh5jl39T0~MDW-Qq649G~XlTACmhXz9MDHEWD4q20UaRtKwOGchEmtNImSrVtUw23E1JLyxhPIkDdl~JnJJMf8Fm3roHAhD~cKFdfnFyWVYmXFp~52F2j80um7n-rLB-4yasPDYXSC9xIAf80cu3UMyNHjcpYz4d-luBrpytr0JMyRwOFWr5K0417IJK22AcSZxQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":78336577,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336577/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2006-05-lindert-com.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336577/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78336577/2006-05-lindert-com-libre.pdf?1641603276=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732510175\u0026Signature=hOvm67al8MyoaPemPq5b5ywJQtspEqRuhWIeG8jklmPSfENyQEVFnBcnSOSNFTmUUOS2c2DBbOqLTa9OQH9wAm3YoW0yh-1dpQI30VxewaW3jcbALXIwKmihdUCEGDS7Xaw9IRToLMbdkYSvxVfhm76iTxYfLSp~LQ-X4uojR3VPCrhko822WtdHdaxc5ku3VJRnr684VpMeJYxPgwt-747-ghfLCWV9B54qa6G8yCk~~JrYP9l-Pkb5SZh2yLomjT83I5Z~VGPNWwlvlDspMMo~0PexLnjTTxZcOpQXPl8u5ivEu5EOihMpoQVRgicnQFD~bPSA1N9tsp~gO6quSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":2727,"name":"Welfare State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State"},{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth"},{"id":172892,"name":"Life Expectancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Expectancy"}],"urls":[{"id":16224372,"url":"https://econjwatch.org/File+download/110/2006-05-lindert-com.pdf?mimetype=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568357/Ancient_Inequality_Branko_Milanovic_World_Bank"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ancient Inequality Branko Milanovic , World Bank" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336575/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568357/Ancient_Inequality_Branko_Milanovic_World_Bank">Ancient Inequality Branko Milanovic , World Bank</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were preindustrial incomes as ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were preindustrial incomes as unequal as they are today? For want of sufficient data, these questions have not yet been answered. This paper infers inequality for 29 ancient, pre-industrial societies using what are known as social tables, stretching from the Roman Empire 14 AD, to Byzantium in 1000, to England in 1688, to Nueva España around 1790, to China in 1880 and to British India in 1947. It applies two new concepts in making those assessments – what we call the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio. Rather than simply offering measures of inequality, we compare its observed level with the maximum feasible inequality (or surplus) that could have been extracted by the elite. The results, especially when compared with modern poor countries, give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run. We acknowledge help with the data from Ken...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7077bf9a1b6da4fdeb1989f18a277e49" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336575,"asset_id":67568357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336575/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568357, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7077bf9a1b6da4fdeb1989f18a277e49" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568357,"title":"Ancient Inequality Branko Milanovic , World Bank","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? 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We acknowledge help with the data from Ken...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were preindustrial incomes as unequal as they are today? For want of sufficient data, these questions have not yet been answered. This paper infers inequality for 29 ancient, pre-industrial societies using what are known as social tables, stretching from the Roman Empire 14 AD, to Byzantium in 1000, to England in 1688, to Nueva España around 1790, to China in 1880 and to British India in 1947. It applies two new concepts in making those assessments – what we call the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio. Rather than simply offering measures of inequality, we compare its observed level with the maximum feasible inequality (or surplus) that could have been extracted by the elite. The results, especially when compared with modern poor countries, give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run. 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Private insurance and charity have advanced slowly to modest levels, helped by the rule of law and income growth. Private giving has not been crowded out by the rise of public aid, because it has always fit the \"warm glow\" model better than the altruism model of caring about the aggregate conquest of need. The rise of public social insurance and assistance was held back for millennia until the arrival of state fiscal capacity plus the spread of mass political voice. Together these opened the door to lower-cost, more efficient, less bureaucratic public provision. The rise of universal tax-based education, health, and safety nets has brought great gains in GDP. Yet from the 1960s on, the further expansion of social spending has wandered away from its pro-growth egalitarian social targets toward overemphasis on aid to the elderly. 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By Michael Michaely. New York and London: National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University Press, New York, distributor, 1968. Pp. x, 112. $2.75. - Foreign Exchange Crises: An Essay in Economic Pathology. By Pa..." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601965/Balance_of_Payments_Adjustment_Policies_Japan_Germany_and_the_Netherlands_By_Michael_Michaely_New_York_and_London_National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research_Columbia_University_Press_New_York_distributor_1968_Pp_x_112_2_75_Foreign_Exchange_Crises_An_Essay_in_Economic_Pathology_By_Pa_">Balance-of-Payments Adjustment Policies: Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands. By Michael Michaely. 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By Pa...</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Economic History</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601965"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601965]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601965']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601965, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601965]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601965,"title":"Balance-of-Payments Adjustment Policies: Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands. 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Bin Wong" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601962/De_bonnes_id%C3%A9es_en_qu%C3%AAte_de_nombres_R%C3%A9ponse_%C3%A0_Gilles_Postel_Vinay_et_R_Bin_Wong">De bonnes idées en quête de nombres: Réponse à Gilles Postel-Vinay et R. Bin Wong</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">RésuméDans un livre marquant – Growing public – Peter Lindert propose d’analyser les dépenses pub...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">RésuméDans un livre marquant – Growing public – Peter Lindert propose d’analyser les dépenses publiques de redistribution en examinant l’économie politique des mesures prises dans un large éventail de pays au cours des trois derniers siècles. L’ambition est de rendre compte de l’histoire des politiques sociales, du rythme de leur développement, de leurs variations d’un pays à l’autre et des effets qu’elles ont eus.Par l’éclairage nouveau qu’il apporte sur l’histoire de cet ensemble de transferts – des dépenses d’assistance aux pauvres ou d’éducation jusqu’aux formes actuelles de sécurité sociale –, le livre appelle au débat. Comme l’auteur a construit son enquête sur un modèle dont il dégage les éléments à partir de l’examen minutieux des expériences divergentes des pays d’Europe de l’ouest depuis le XVIIIe siècle, une façon de mettre à l’épreuve sa démarche consiste à se demander si ses conclusions sont tributaires des limites spatiales et temporelles qu’il a retenues. C’est ce que...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601962"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601962]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601962']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601962, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601962]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601962,"title":"De bonnes idées en quête de nombres: Réponse à Gilles Postel-Vinay et R. 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Social progra...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Prevailing opinion holds that big government and high taxes reduce growth. Social programs are claimed to be a matter of social justice, even if they impede economic growth. But Peter Lindert in a new book argues that these claims are fiction. States that spend a lot on social programs grow no more slowly than those that spend little. He discusses his views and the evidence below.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601961"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601961"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601961; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601961]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601961]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601961; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601961']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601961, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601961]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601961,"title":"Social Spending and Economic Growth","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prevailing opinion holds that big government and high taxes reduce growth. 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Histoire, Sciences sociales (French Edition)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Résumé L’ouvrage monumental de Thomas Piketty Le capital au XXIe siècle nous a permis de mieux co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Résumé L’ouvrage monumental de Thomas Piketty Le capital au XXIe siècle nous a permis de mieux comprendre les évolutions historiques des inégalités. Cet article dresse une liste des domaines, du plus au moins prometteur, vers lesquels la recherche peut utilement se porter en partant du travail mené par l’auteur. Le domaine le plus important est l’histoire de l’inégalité des revenus du travail, qu’ont si bien amorcée T. 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Cet article dresse une liste des domaines, du plus au moins prometteur, vers lesquels la recherche peut utilement se porter en partant du travail mené par l’auteur. Le domaine le plus important est l’histoire de l’inégalité des revenus du travail, qu’ont si bien amorcée T. Piketty et son équipe en s’appuyant sur l’histoire des crises du XXe siècle et des réponses politiques qu’ils ont suscitées. En revanche, cibler le patrimoine, le capital et le taux de rendement – comme le fait l’ouvrage – semble moins prometteur en termes de pistes de recherche. Pour parvenir à de meilleures projections des inégalités, il convient de fusionner les travaux de T. Piketty et de son équipe sur les évolutions historiques de la part du décile des très hauts revenus dans le revenu national avec les travaux consacrés aux mouvements historiques de l’inégalité...","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","publication_name":"Annales. 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Piketty et de son équipe sur les évolutions historiques de la part du décile des très hauts revenus dans le revenu national avec les travaux consacrés aux mouvements historiques de l’inégalité...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53601959/Faire_fructifier_Le_capital_au_XXIe_si%C3%A8cle","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-09-27T21:50:11.229-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10215974,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Faire_fructifier_Le_capital_au_XXIe_siècle","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10215974,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lindert","page_name":"PLindert","domain_name":"ucdavis","created_at":"2014-03-18T01:55:57.640-07:00","display_name":"Peter Lindert","url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/PLindert"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="53601958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601958/Modern_Europe_Modern_Perspectives_on_the_Gold_Standard_Edited_by_Tamin_Bayoumi_Barry_Eichenberg_and_Mark_P_Yaylor_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_1996_Pp_xvii_396_59_95"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Modern Europe Modern Perspectives on the Gold Standard. 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Pp. xvii, 396. $59.95</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Economic History</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601958, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601958,"title":"Modern Europe Modern Perspectives on the Gold Standard. 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601956]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601956; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601956']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601956, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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The issue has become \"when did countries' contemporaneous purchasing powers diverge?\", not \"when did countries' productivity grow at different rates?\" The two questions have different answers, especially before 1914. Using pre-1914 prices to compare real purchasing powers on six continents, this article sketches some historical geography of the departures from the conventional Maddison estimates. One underlying reason for the divergence between projections back from 1990 and direct price comparisons from long ago is that before the great 1870-1914 wave of trade globalization, consumer staples were not traded over great distances, and regions specialized in narrow luxury trade. Inter-continental price ratios for subsistence goods thus varied more widely than since 1914. The new measures open up a new economic history of international differences in purchasing power before 1914. Northwest Europe was further ahead of Asian countries than earlier measures have shown. 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There is ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The welfare state is not an endangered species among the industrialized OECD countries. There is no race to the bottom. OECD experience since 1980 does not show any negative effect of larger tax-financed transfers on national product. There are good reasons for this “free lunch puzzle.” Highbudget welfare states feature a tax mix that is more pro-growth than the tax mixes of lowbudget America, Japan, and Switzerland. The high-budget states also have more efficient health care, better support for child care and women’s careers, and other features that mitigate the negative incentives on transfer recipients. Experience from the 1980s and 1990s suggests how population aging and the pension crisis will affect government budgets in this century. The countries with the oldest populations had already begun to cut the relative generosity of their transfers to the elderly per elderly person. They did not, however, cut real benefits or the shares of public pensions or other transfers in GDP. ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0f7ab410d51da99f891339a010a7758d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336602,"asset_id":67568363,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336602/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568363"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568363"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568363; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568363]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568363; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568363']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568363, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0f7ab410d51da99f891339a010a7758d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568363]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568363,"title":"Growing Public: Is the Welfare State Mortal or Exportable?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The welfare state is not an endangered species among the industrialized OECD countries. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568362/1_Russian_Inequality_on_the_Eve_of_Revolution_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 1 “ Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution ”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336584/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568362/1_Russian_Inequality_on_the_Eve_of_Revolution_">1 “ Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution ”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, rela...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, relative to other countries, to Russia’s earlier history, and to Russia’s income distribution today? Careful weighing of an eclectic data set provides provisional answers. In 1904, on the eve of military defeat and the 1905 Revolution, Russian income inequality was middling by the standards of that era, and less severe than inequality has become today in such countries as China, the United States, and Russia itself. We enrich this emerging story by noting some distinctive fiscal and relative-price features of Imperial Russia. We hope that this report sets the stage for comparisons to Russian before the serf Emancipation of 1861. JEL codes: N30, N33, O15</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e465695198025fe2d2c1edf2e2e7e6b0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336584,"asset_id":67568362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336584/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568362, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e465695198025fe2d2c1edf2e2e7e6b0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568362,"title":"1 “ Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution ”","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, relative to other countries, to Russia’s earlier history, and to Russia’s income distribution today? Careful weighing of an eclectic data set provides provisional answers. In 1904, on the eve of military defeat and the 1905 Revolution, Russian income inequality was middling by the standards of that era, and less severe than inequality has become today in such countries as China, the United States, and Russia itself. We enrich this emerging story by noting some distinctive fiscal and relative-price features of Imperial Russia. We hope that this report sets the stage for comparisons to Russian before the serf Emancipation of 1861. JEL codes: N30, N33, O15","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Just how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution, relative to other countries, to Russia’s earlier history, and to Russia’s income distribution today? Careful weighing of an eclectic data set provides provisional answers. In 1904, on the eve of military defeat and the 1905 Revolution, Russian income inequality was middling by the standards of that era, and less severe than inequality has become today in such countries as China, the United States, and Russia itself. We enrich this emerging story by noting some distinctive fiscal and relative-price features of Imperial Russia. We hope that this report sets the stage for comparisons to Russian before the serf Emancipation of 1861. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568360"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568360/The_Rise_and_Future_of_Progressive_Redistribution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Rise and Future of Progressive Redistribution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336579/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568360/The_Rise_and_Future_of_Progressive_Redistribution">The Rise and Future of Progressive Redistribution</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Starting from today&#39;s collection of estimates of fiscal distribution within each of 53 countr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Starting from today&#39;s collection of estimates of fiscal distribution within each of 53 countries, we can begin mapping a history of how redistribution has evolved historically, and to project some influences on its trends in the next few decades. There appears to have been a global shift toward progressive redistribution over the last hundred years in all prosperous countries. The retreats toward regressive redistribution have been rare and have been reversed. As a corollary, the rise in income inequality since the 1970s owes nothing to any retreat from progressive government spending. Adding the effects of rising subsidy for public education on the later inequality of adult earning power strongly suggests that a fuller, longer-run measure of fiscal incidence would reveal a history of still greater shift toward progressivity, most notably in Japan, Korea, andTaiwan. 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Adding the effects of rising subsidy for public education on the later inequality of adult earning power strongly suggests that a fuller, longer-run measure of fiscal incidence would reveal a history of still greater shift toward progressivity, most notably in Japan, Korea, andTaiwan. 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Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568359/2_Are_Government_Social_Programs_Bad_for_Economic_Growth">2. Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>How Big Should Our Government Be?</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568359, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568359,"title":"2. Are Government Social Programs Bad for Economic Growth?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"How Big Should Our Government Be?","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"How Big Should Our Government Be?"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67568359/2_Are_Government_Social_Programs_Bad_for_Economic_Growth","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-07T16:34:54.800-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10215974,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"2_Are_Government_Social_Programs_Bad_for_Economic_Growth","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10215974,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lindert","page_name":"PLindert","domain_name":"ucdavis","created_at":"2014-03-18T01:55:57.640-07:00","display_name":"Peter Lindert","url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/PLindert"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568358/The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A_Reply_to_Bergh"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Welfare State Is the Wrong Target: A Reply to Bergh" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568358/The_Welfare_State_Is_the_Wrong_Target_A_Reply_to_Bergh">The Welfare State Is the Wrong Target: A Reply to Bergh</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Econ Journal Watch</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic gr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic growth. Andreas Bergh (2006) raises both small and large concerns that deserve further exploration. Let us go first to the largest issues of scope and methods, then to his specific criticisms of parts of my Growing Public book (hereafter GP) relating to Swedenâ€™s policies toward the poor, toward womenâ€™s work, and toward retirement. The final section of this reply invites him and others to re-focus their search for flaws in large government, since the welfare state, as actually practiced, has not become a major flaw. On the contrary, the social transfers that have always defined the welfare state are indeed a â€œfree lunchâ€ in the sense that they have delivered more equality and longer life expectancy at an essentially zero cost in terms of GDP. Rather, it is other forms of legal and governmental interference with markets that are more likely to be anti-growth.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a6aedf9b12a8e1e29037ee834b9708b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336578,"asset_id":67568358,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336578/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568358"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568358]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568358']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568358, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2a6aedf9b12a8e1e29037ee834b9708b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568358]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568358,"title":"The Welfare State Is the Wrong Target: A Reply to Bergh","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO EXPAND ON THE links between social spending and economic growth. 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On the contrary, the social transfers that have always defined the welfare state are indeed a â€œfree lunchâ€ in the sense that they have delivered more equality and longer life expectancy at an essentially zero cost in terms of GDP. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67568357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568357/Ancient_Inequality_Branko_Milanovic_World_Bank"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ancient Inequality Branko Milanovic , World Bank" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78336575/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67568357/Ancient_Inequality_Branko_Milanovic_World_Bank">Ancient Inequality Branko Milanovic , World Bank</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were preindustrial incomes as ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were preindustrial incomes as unequal as they are today? For want of sufficient data, these questions have not yet been answered. This paper infers inequality for 29 ancient, pre-industrial societies using what are known as social tables, stretching from the Roman Empire 14 AD, to Byzantium in 1000, to England in 1688, to Nueva España around 1790, to China in 1880 and to British India in 1947. It applies two new concepts in making those assessments – what we call the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio. Rather than simply offering measures of inequality, we compare its observed level with the maximum feasible inequality (or surplus) that could have been extracted by the elite. The results, especially when compared with modern poor countries, give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run. We acknowledge help with the data from Ken...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7077bf9a1b6da4fdeb1989f18a277e49" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78336575,"asset_id":67568357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78336575/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUwNjU3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67568357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67568357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67568357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67568357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67568357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67568357, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7077bf9a1b6da4fdeb1989f18a277e49" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67568357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67568357,"title":"Ancient Inequality Branko Milanovic , World Bank","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? 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We acknowledge help with the data from Ken...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were preindustrial incomes as unequal as they are today? For want of sufficient data, these questions have not yet been answered. This paper infers inequality for 29 ancient, pre-industrial societies using what are known as social tables, stretching from the Roman Empire 14 AD, to Byzantium in 1000, to England in 1688, to Nueva España around 1790, to China in 1880 and to British India in 1947. It applies two new concepts in making those assessments – what we call the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio. Rather than simply offering measures of inequality, we compare its observed level with the maximum feasible inequality (or surplus) that could have been extracted by the elite. The results, especially when compared with modern poor countries, give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run. 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Private insurance and charity have advanced slowly to modest levels, helped by the rule of law and income growth. Private giving has not been crowded out by the rise of public aid, because it has always fit the \"warm glow\" model better than the altruism model of caring about the aggregate conquest of need. The rise of public social insurance and assistance was held back for millennia until the arrival of state fiscal capacity plus the spread of mass political voice. Together these opened the door to lower-cost, more efficient, less bureaucratic public provision. The rise of universal tax-based education, health, and safety nets has brought great gains in GDP. Yet from the 1960s on, the further expansion of social spending has wandered away from its pro-growth egalitarian social targets toward overemphasis on aid to the elderly. 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By Michael Michaely. New York and London: National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University Press, New York, distributor, 1968. Pp. x, 112. $2.75. - Foreign Exchange Crises: An Essay in Economic Pathology. By Pa..." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601965/Balance_of_Payments_Adjustment_Policies_Japan_Germany_and_the_Netherlands_By_Michael_Michaely_New_York_and_London_National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research_Columbia_University_Press_New_York_distributor_1968_Pp_x_112_2_75_Foreign_Exchange_Crises_An_Essay_in_Economic_Pathology_By_Pa_">Balance-of-Payments Adjustment Policies: Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands. By Michael Michaely. 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Bin Wong" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601962/De_bonnes_id%C3%A9es_en_qu%C3%AAte_de_nombres_R%C3%A9ponse_%C3%A0_Gilles_Postel_Vinay_et_R_Bin_Wong">De bonnes idées en quête de nombres: Réponse à Gilles Postel-Vinay et R. Bin Wong</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">RésuméDans un livre marquant – Growing public – Peter Lindert propose d’analyser les dépenses pub...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">RésuméDans un livre marquant – Growing public – Peter Lindert propose d’analyser les dépenses publiques de redistribution en examinant l’économie politique des mesures prises dans un large éventail de pays au cours des trois derniers siècles. L’ambition est de rendre compte de l’histoire des politiques sociales, du rythme de leur développement, de leurs variations d’un pays à l’autre et des effets qu’elles ont eus.Par l’éclairage nouveau qu’il apporte sur l’histoire de cet ensemble de transferts – des dépenses d’assistance aux pauvres ou d’éducation jusqu’aux formes actuelles de sécurité sociale –, le livre appelle au débat. Comme l’auteur a construit son enquête sur un modèle dont il dégage les éléments à partir de l’examen minutieux des expériences divergentes des pays d’Europe de l’ouest depuis le XVIIIe siècle, une façon de mettre à l’épreuve sa démarche consiste à se demander si ses conclusions sont tributaires des limites spatiales et temporelles qu’il a retenues. C’est ce que...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601962"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601962]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601962']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601962, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601962]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601962,"title":"De bonnes idées en quête de nombres: Réponse à Gilles Postel-Vinay et R. 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Social progra...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Prevailing opinion holds that big government and high taxes reduce growth. Social programs are claimed to be a matter of social justice, even if they impede economic growth. But Peter Lindert in a new book argues that these claims are fiction. States that spend a lot on social programs grow no more slowly than those that spend little. He discusses his views and the evidence below.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601961"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601961"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601961; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601961]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601961]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601961; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601961']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601961, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601961]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601961,"title":"Social Spending and Economic Growth","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prevailing opinion holds that big government and high taxes reduce growth. 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Histoire, Sciences sociales (French Edition)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Résumé L’ouvrage monumental de Thomas Piketty Le capital au XXIe siècle nous a permis de mieux co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Résumé L’ouvrage monumental de Thomas Piketty Le capital au XXIe siècle nous a permis de mieux comprendre les évolutions historiques des inégalités. Cet article dresse une liste des domaines, du plus au moins prometteur, vers lesquels la recherche peut utilement se porter en partant du travail mené par l’auteur. Le domaine le plus important est l’histoire de l’inégalité des revenus du travail, qu’ont si bien amorcée T. Piketty et son équipe en s’appuyant sur l’histoire des crises du XXe siècle et des réponses politiques qu’ils ont suscitées. En revanche, cibler le patrimoine, le capital et le taux de rendement – comme le fait l’ouvrage – semble moins prometteur en termes de pistes de recherche. Pour parvenir à de meilleures projections des inégalités, il convient de fusionner les travaux de T. Piketty et de son équipe sur les évolutions historiques de la part du décile des très hauts revenus dans le revenu national avec les travaux consacrés aux mouvements historiques de l’inégalité...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601959"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601959]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601959']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601959, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601959]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601959,"title":"Faire fructifier Le capital au XXIe siècle","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Résumé L’ouvrage monumental de Thomas Piketty Le capital au XXIe siècle nous a permis de mieux comprendre les évolutions historiques des inégalités. Cet article dresse une liste des domaines, du plus au moins prometteur, vers lesquels la recherche peut utilement se porter en partant du travail mené par l’auteur. Le domaine le plus important est l’histoire de l’inégalité des revenus du travail, qu’ont si bien amorcée T. Piketty et son équipe en s’appuyant sur l’histoire des crises du XXe siècle et des réponses politiques qu’ils ont suscitées. En revanche, cibler le patrimoine, le capital et le taux de rendement – comme le fait l’ouvrage – semble moins prometteur en termes de pistes de recherche. Pour parvenir à de meilleures projections des inégalités, il convient de fusionner les travaux de T. Piketty et de son équipe sur les évolutions historiques de la part du décile des très hauts revenus dans le revenu national avec les travaux consacrés aux mouvements historiques de l’inégalité...","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","publication_name":"Annales. 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Piketty et de son équipe sur les évolutions historiques de la part du décile des très hauts revenus dans le revenu national avec les travaux consacrés aux mouvements historiques de l’inégalité...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53601959/Faire_fructifier_Le_capital_au_XXIe_si%C3%A8cle","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-09-27T21:50:11.229-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10215974,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Faire_fructifier_Le_capital_au_XXIe_siècle","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10215974,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lindert","page_name":"PLindert","domain_name":"ucdavis","created_at":"2014-03-18T01:55:57.640-07:00","display_name":"Peter Lindert","url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/PLindert"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="53601958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601958/Modern_Europe_Modern_Perspectives_on_the_Gold_Standard_Edited_by_Tamin_Bayoumi_Barry_Eichenberg_and_Mark_P_Yaylor_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_1996_Pp_xvii_396_59_95"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Modern Europe Modern Perspectives on the Gold Standard. Edited by Tamin Bayoumi, Barry Eichenberg, and Mark P. Yaylor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xvii, 396. $59.95" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601958/Modern_Europe_Modern_Perspectives_on_the_Gold_Standard_Edited_by_Tamin_Bayoumi_Barry_Eichenberg_and_Mark_P_Yaylor_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_1996_Pp_xvii_396_59_95">Modern Europe Modern Perspectives on the Gold Standard. Edited by Tamin Bayoumi, Barry Eichenberg, and Mark P. Yaylor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xvii, 396. $59.95</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Economic History</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53601958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53601958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53601958, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53601958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53601958,"title":"Modern Europe Modern Perspectives on the Gold Standard. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="53601956"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601956/Purchasing_Power_Disparity_before_1914"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Purchasing Power Disparity before 1914" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70371502/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/53601956/Purchasing_Power_Disparity_before_1914">Purchasing Power Disparity before 1914</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbd5cf9496e83ba7ab970985ed925826" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":70371502,"asset_id":53601956,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70371502/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNjU3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUwNjU3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53601956"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53601956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53601956; 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The issue has become \"when did countries' contemporaneous purchasing powers diverge?\", not \"when did countries' productivity grow at different rates?\" The two questions have different answers, especially before 1914. Using pre-1914 prices to compare real purchasing powers on six continents, this article sketches some historical geography of the departures from the conventional Maddison estimates. One underlying reason for the divergence between projections back from 1990 and direct price comparisons from long ago is that before the great 1870-1914 wave of trade globalization, consumer staples were not traded over great distances, and regions specialized in narrow luxury trade. Inter-continental price ratios for subsistence goods thus varied more widely than since 1914. The new measures open up a new economic history of international differences in purchasing power before 1914. Northwest Europe was further ahead of Asian countries than earlier measures have shown. 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