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<ul id="toc-Childhood_and_early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Marriage and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-pressure_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-pressure_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>High-pressure engine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-High-pressure_engine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle High-pressure engine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-High-pressure_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_experiments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_experiments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early experiments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_experiments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puffing_Devil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puffing_Devil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Puffing Devil</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puffing_Devil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coalbrookdale_Locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coalbrookdale_Locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Coalbrookdale Locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coalbrookdale_Locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_Steam_Carriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Steam_Carriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>London Steam Carriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Steam_Carriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tragedy_at_Greenwich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tragedy_at_Greenwich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Tragedy at Greenwich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tragedy_at_Greenwich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Newcastle"_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Newcastle"_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>"Newcastle" locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Newcastle"_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catch_Me_Who_Can" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catch_Me_Who_Can"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span><i>Catch Me Who Can</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catch_Me_Who_Can-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Engineering projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Engineering_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Engineering projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Engineering_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thames_tunnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thames_tunnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Thames tunnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thames_tunnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Completion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Completion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Completion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Completion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Return to London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nautical_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nautical_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nautical projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nautical_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness,_financial_difficulties_and_return_to_Cornwall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness,_financial_difficulties_and_return_to_Cornwall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Illness, financial difficulties and return to Cornwall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness,_financial_difficulties_and_return_to_Cornwall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cornish_boiler_and_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cornish_boiler_and_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Cornish boiler and engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cornish_boiler_and_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recoil_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recoil_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Recoil engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recoil_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle South America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Draining_the_Peruvian_silver_mines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Draining_the_Peruvian_silver_mines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Draining the Peruvian silver mines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Draining_the_Peruvian_silver_mines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trevithick_leaves_for_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trevithick_leaves_for_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Trevithick leaves for South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trevithick_leaves_for_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploring_the_isthmus_of_Costa_Rica_on_foot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploring_the_isthmus_of_Costa_Rica_on_foot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Exploring the isthmus of Costa Rica on foot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploring_the_isthmus_of_Costa_Rica_on_foot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Final_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Final project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Trevithick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%83" title="ريتشارد تريفيثيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد تريفيثيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7ard_Trevitik" title="Riçard Trevitik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçard Trevitik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ریچارد ترویتیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد ترویتیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Рычард Трэвітык – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Трэвітык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ричард Тревитик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ричард Тревитик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Ρίτσαρντ Τρέβιθικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίτσαρντ Τρέβιθικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ریچارد ترویتیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد ترویتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%8B%9D" title="리처드 트레비식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 트레비식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%8F%D6%80%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Ռիչարդ Տրևիտիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Տրևիտիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ריצ'רד טרוויטיק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד טרוויטיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಟ್ರೆವೆತಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಟ್ರೆವೆತಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%83" title="ريتشارد تريفيثيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد تريفيثيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ричард Трэвитик – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ричард Трэвитик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="リチャード・トレビシック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・トレビシック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%99_%DF%95%DF%99%DF%8B%DF%9D%DF%AD%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%9E" title="ߙߌߛ߭ߊߙ ߕߙߋߝ߭ߕߌߞ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߙߌߛ߭ߊߙ ߕߙߋߝ߭ߕߌߞ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%89_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ریچارډ ترویتیک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ریچارډ ترویتیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Тревитик, Ричард – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тревитик, Ричард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ричард Тревитик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Тревитик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Річард Тревітік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Тревітік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richard Trevithick" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ריטשארד טרעוויטיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ריטשארד טרעוויטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%B6%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B" title="理查·特里維西克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理查·特里維西克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217157#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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searchaux" style="display:none">British inventor and mining engineer (1771–1833)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard Trevithick</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg/220px-Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg/330px-Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg/440px-Richard_Trevithick_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/John_Linnell_(painter)" title="John Linnell (painter)">John Linnell</a>, 1816 <span class="avoidwrap" style="display:inline-block;">(<a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1771-04-13</span>)</span>13 April 1771<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tregajorran" title="Tregajorran">Tregajorran</a>, Cornwall, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 April 1833<span style="display:none">(1833-04-22)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>, Kent, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Inventing <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">Steam locomotives</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Inventor</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mining_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining engineer">mining engineer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Trevithick</b> (13 April 1771 – 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and <a href="/wiki/Mining_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining engineer">mining engineer</a>. The son of a mining captain, and born in the mining heartland of <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, Trevithick was immersed in mining and engineering from an early age. He was an early pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Steam_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam power">steam-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_steam_road_vehicles#Trevithick_steam_carriage" title="History of steam road vehicles">road</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport#Steam_power_introduced" title="History of rail transport">rail</a> transport, and his most significant contributions were the development of the first high-pressure <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> and the first working railway <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place on 21 February 1804, when Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the <a href="/wiki/Tramway_(industrial)" title="Tramway (industrial)">tramway</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Penydarren_Ironworks" title="Penydarren Ironworks">Penydarren Ironworks</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turning his interests abroad Trevithick also worked as a mining consultant in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and later explored parts of <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. Throughout his professional career he went through many ups and downs and at one point faced financial ruin, also suffering from the strong rivalry of many mining and steam engineers of the day. During the prime of his career he was a well-known and highly respected figure in mining and engineering, but near the end of his life he fell out of the public eye. </p><p>Trevithick was extremely strong and was a champion <a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BOA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CG17031966_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CG17031966-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Childhood_and_early_life">Childhood and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Childhood and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard Trevithick was born at <a href="/wiki/Tregajorran" title="Tregajorran">Tregajorran</a> (in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Illogan" title="Illogan">Illogan</a>), between <a href="/wiki/Camborne" title="Camborne">Camborne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redruth" title="Redruth">Redruth</a>, in the heart of one of the rich <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>-mining areas of <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. He was the youngest-but-one child and the only boy in a family of six children. He was very tall for the era at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), as well as athletic and concentrated more on sport than schoolwork. Sent to the <a href="/wiki/Village_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Village school">village school</a> at Camborne, he did not take much advantage of the education provided; one of his school masters described him as "a disobedient, slow, obstinate, spoiled boy, frequently absent and very inattentive". An exception was <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, for which he had an aptitude, though arriving at the correct answers by unconventional means.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevithick was the son of mine "captain" Richard Trevithick (1735–1797) and of miner's daughter Ann Teague (died 1810). As a child he would watch <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engines</a> pump water from the deep <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mines</a> in Cornwall. For a time he was a neighbour of <a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch" title="William Murdoch">William Murdoch</a>, the steam carriage pioneer, and would have been influenced by Murdoch’s experiments with steam-powered road locomotion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevithick first went to work at the age of 19 at the East Stray Park Mine. He was enthusiastic and quickly gained the status of a <a href="/wiki/Consultant" title="Consultant">consultant</a>, unusual for such a young person. He was popular with the miners because of the respect they had for his father. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1797 Trevithick married Jane Harvey of <a href="/wiki/Hayle" title="Hayle">Hayle</a>. They raised 6 children:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-SteamTrainsBR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SteamTrainsBR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Richard Trevithick (1798–1872)</li> <li>Anne Ellis (1800–1877)</li> <li>Elizabeth Banfield (1803–1870)</li> <li>John Harvey Trevithick (1807–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Trevithick" title="Francis Trevithick">Francis Trevithick</a> (1812–1877)</li> <li>Frederick Henry Trevithick (1816–1883)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Richard_Trevithick" title="Special:EditPage/Richard Trevithick">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Jane's father, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_(ironfounder)" title="John Harvey (ironfounder)">John Harvey</a>, formerly a blacksmith from <a href="/wiki/Carnhell_Green" title="Carnhell Green">Carnhell Green</a>, formed the local <a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">foundry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harveys_of_Hayle" class="mw-redirect" title="Harveys of Hayle">Harveys of Hayle</a>. His company became famous worldwide for building huge stationary <a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">"beam" engines</a> for pumping water, usually from mines. Up to this time such steam engines were of the condensing or atmospheric type, originally invented by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen" title="Thomas Newcomen">Thomas Newcomen</a> in 1712, which also became known as low-pressure engines. <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a>, on behalf of his partnership with <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Matthew Boulton</a>, held a number of <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> for improving the efficiency of Newcomen's engine—including the "separate <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive_condensing_apparatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam locomotive condensing apparatus">condenser</a> patent", which proved the most contentious. </p><p>Trevithick became engineer at the <a href="/wiki/Ding_Dong_Mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ding Dong Mine">Ding Dong Mine</a> in 1797, and there (in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bull" title="Edward Bull">Edward Bull</a>) he pioneered the use of high-pressure steam. He worked on building and modifying steam engines to avoid the royalties due to Watt on the separate condenser patent. <a href="/wiki/Boulton_and_Watt" title="Boulton and Watt">Boulton & Watt</a> served an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> on him at Ding Dong, and posted it "on the minestuffs" and "most likely on the door" of the Count (Account) House which, although now a ruin, is the only surviving building from Trevithick's time there. </p><p>He also experimented with the plunger-pole pump, a type of pump—with a beam engine—used widely in Cornwall's tin mines, in which he reversed the plunger to change it into a water-power engine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-pressure_engine">High-pressure engine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: High-pressure engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png/220px-Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png/330px-Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png/440px-Trevithick_High_Pressure_Steam_Engine_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14041.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Trevithick's No. 14 engine, built by <a href="/wiki/Hazledine_and_Company" title="Hazledine and Company">Hazledine and Company</a>, Bridgnorth, about 1804, and illustrated after being rescued <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1885</span>; from <i>Scientific American Supplement</i>, Vol. XIX, No. 470, 3 January 1885. This engine is on view at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum (London)</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As his experience grew, he realised that improvements in <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a> technology now permitted the safe production of high-pressure steam, which could move a <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">piston</a> in a steam engine on its own account, instead of using pressure near to atmospheric, in a condensing engine. </p><p>He was not the first to think of so-called "strong steam" or steam of about 30 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">psi</a> (210 kPa). <a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch" title="William Murdoch">William Murdoch</a> had developed and demonstrated a model steam carriage, initially in 1784, and <a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch#Steam_powered_locomotion" title="William Murdoch">demonstrated it to Trevithick</a> at his request in 1794. In fact, Trevithick lived next door to Murdoch in Redruth in 1797 and 1798. <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Evans" title="Oliver Evans">Oliver Evans</a> in the U.S. had also concerned himself with the concept, but there is no indication that his ideas had ever come to Trevithick's attention.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independently of this, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Woolf" title="Arthur Woolf">Arthur Woolf</a> was experimenting with higher pressures whilst working as the Chief Engineer of the Griffin Brewery (proprietors Meux and Reid). This was an Engine designed by Hornblower and Maberly, and the proprietors were keen to have the best steam engine in London. Around 1796, Woolf believed he could save substantial amounts of coal consumption. </p><p>According to his son Francis, Trevithick was the first to make high-pressure steam work in England in 1799,<sup id="cite_ref-hathitrust1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hathitrust1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other sources say he had invented his first high-pressure engine by 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only would a high-pressure steam engine eliminate the condenser, but it would allow the use of a smaller cylinder, saving space and weight. He reasoned that his engine could now be more compact, lighter, and small enough to carry its own weight even with a carriage attached. (Note this did not use the <i>expansion</i> of the steam, so-called "expansive working" came later) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_experiments">Early experiments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early experiments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevithick began building his first models of high-pressure (meaning a few <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheres</a>) steam engines – first a stationary one and subsequently one attached to a road carriage. A <a href="/wiki/Double-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-acting cylinder">double-acting cylinder</a> was used, with steam distribution by means of a <a href="/wiki/Four-way_valve" title="Four-way valve">four-way valve</a>. Exhaust steam was vented via a vertical pipe or <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimney</a> straight into the atmosphere, thus avoiding a condenser and any possible infringements of Watt's patent. The <a href="/wiki/Linear" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear">linear</a> motion was directly converted into circular motion via a <a href="/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)" title="Crank (mechanism)">crank</a> instead of using a more cumbersome beam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puffing_Devil"><i>Puffing Devil</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Puffing Devil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CamborneHillStreetName.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/CamborneHillStreetName.JPG/220px-CamborneHillStreetName.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/CamborneHillStreetName.JPG/330px-CamborneHillStreetName.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/CamborneHillStreetName.JPG/440px-CamborneHillStreetName.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Camborne Hill street name and plaque commemorating Trevithick's steam carriage demonstration in 1801</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/220px--Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm/Richard_Trevithicks_puffing_devil_on_Trevithick_day_2017.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A replica of Trevithick's <i>Puffing Devil</i>, built by the <a href="/wiki/Trevithick_Society" title="Trevithick Society">Trevithick Society</a> and running on Trevithick's day 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Trevithick built a full-size steam road locomotive in 1801, on a site near present-day Fore Street in Camborne.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (A steam wagon built in 1770 by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a> may have an earlier claim.) Trevithick named his carriage <i>Puffing Devil</i> and on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> that year, he demonstrated it by successfully carrying six passengers up Fore Street and then continuing on up Camborne Hill, from Camborne Cross, to the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Camborne" title="Camborne">Beacon</a>. His cousin and associate, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Vivian" title="Andrew Vivian">Andrew Vivian</a>, steered the machine. It inspired the popular Cornish folk song "<a href="/wiki/Camborne_Hill" title="Camborne Hill">Camborne Hill</a>". </p><p>During further tests, Trevithick's locomotive broke down three days later after passing over a gully in the road. The vehicle was left under some shelter with the fire still burning whilst the operators retired to a nearby <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public house</a> for a meal of <a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">roast goose</a> and drinks. Meanwhile, the water boiled off, the engine overheated and the machine burned, destroying it. Trevithick did not consider this a serious setback, but rather operator error. </p><p>In 1802 Trevithick took out a patent for his high-pressure steam engine.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_pp_40-44_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_pp_40-44-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prove his ideas, he built a stationary engine at the <a href="/wiki/Coalbrookdale" title="Coalbrookdale">Coalbrookdale</a> Company's works in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> in 1802, forcing water to a measured height to measure the <a href="/wiki/Work_done" class="mw-redirect" title="Work done">work done</a>. The engine ran at forty piston strokes a minute, with an unprecedented boiler pressure of 145 psi (1,000 kPa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coalbrookdale_Locomotive">Coalbrookdale Locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Coalbrookdale Locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg/220px-Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg/330px-Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg/440px-Coalbrookdale_loco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1391" /></a><figcaption>A drawing of the Coalbrookdale locomotive from the Science Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1802 the <a href="/wiki/Coalbrookdale_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalbrookdale Company">Coalbrookdale Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> built a rail locomotive for him,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but little is known about it, including whether or not it actually ran. The death of a company workman in an accident involving the engine is said to have caused the company to not proceed to running it on their existing railway.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To date, the only known information about it comes from a drawing preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a>, together with a letter written by Trevithick to his friend <a href="/wiki/Davies_Gilbert" title="Davies Gilbert">Davies Giddy</a>. The design incorporated a single horizontal <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(locomotive)" title="Cylinder (locomotive)">cylinder</a> enclosed in a return-flue <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a> drove the wheels on one side through <a href="/wiki/Gear#Spur_Gears" title="Gear">spur gears</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Axles" class="mw-redirect" title="Axles">axles</a> were mounted directly on the boiler, with no frame.<sup id="cite_ref-Westcott,_British_railway_locomotive,_p_3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westcott,_British_railway_locomotive,_p_3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the drawing, the piston-rod, guide-bars and cross-head are located directly above the firebox door, thus making the engine extremely dangerous to fire while moving.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the first drawing by Daniel Shute indicates that the locomotive ran on a <a href="/wiki/Plateway" title="Plateway">plateway</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">track gauge</a> of <a href="/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways" title="3 ft gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">3 ft</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">914 mm</span>). </p><p>This is the drawing used as the basis of all images and replicas of the later "Pen-y-darren" locomotive, as no plans for that locomotive have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_Steam_Carriage">London Steam Carriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: London Steam Carriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg/220px-Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg/330px-Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg/440px-Trevithicks_Dampfwagen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/London_Steam_Carriage" title="London Steam Carriage">London Steam Carriage</a>, by Trevithick and Vivian, demonstrated in London in 1803</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/London_Steam_Carriage" title="London Steam Carriage">London Steam Carriage</a></div> <p>The <i>Puffing Devil</i> was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods, and would have been of little practical use. He built another steam-powered road vehicle in 1803, called the <a href="/wiki/London_Steam_Carriage" title="London Steam Carriage">London Steam Carriage</a>, which attracted much attention from the public and press when he drove it that year in London from <a href="/wiki/Holborn" title="Holborn">Holborn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Paddington" title="Paddington">Paddington</a> and back. It was uncomfortable for passengers and proved more expensive to run than a horse-drawn carriage, and was abandoned. </p><p>In 1831, Trevithick gave evidence to a <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Select committee (United Kingdom)">Parliamentary select committee</a> on steam carriages.<sup id="cite_ref-RSCSC_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSCSC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tragedy_at_Greenwich">Tragedy at Greenwich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tragedy at Greenwich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also in 1803, one of Trevithick's stationary pumping engines in use at <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a> exploded, killing four men. Although Trevithick considered the explosion to be caused by a case of careless operation rather than design error, the incident was exploited relentlessly by <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Matthew Boulton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competitors</a> and promoters of the low-pressure engine) who highlighted the perceived risks of using high-pressure steam. </p><p>Trevithick's response was to incorporate two <a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">safety valves</a> into future designs, only one of which could be adjusted by the operator.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirby,_Engineering_in_History,_pp_175-177_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirby,_Engineering_in_History,_pp_175-177-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adjustable valve comprised a disc covering a small hole at the top of the boiler above the water level in the steam chest. The <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> exerted by the steam <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> was equalised by an opposite force created by a weight attached to a pivoted lever. The position of the weight on the lever was adjustable thus allowing the operator to set the maximum steam pressure. Trevithick also added a <a href="/wiki/Fusible_plug" title="Fusible plug">fusible plug</a> of lead, positioned in the boiler just below the minimum safe water level. Under normal operation the water temperature could not exceed that of <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">boiling</a> water and kept the lead below its melting point. If the water ran low, it exposed the lead plug, and the cooling effect of the water was lost. The temperature would then rise sufficiently to melt the lead, releasing steam into the fire, reducing the boiler pressure and providing an audible alarm in sufficient time for the operator to damp the fire, and let the boiler cool before damage could occur. He also introduced the hydraulic testing of boilers, and the use of a <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> <a href="/wiki/Manometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Manometer">manometer</a> to indicate the pressure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive"><span id=".22Pen-y-Darren.22_locomotive"></span><span class="anchor" id="Pen-y-Darren"></span>"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: "Pen-y-Darren" locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrevithicksEngine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/TrevithicksEngine.jpg/220px-TrevithicksEngine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/TrevithicksEngine.jpg/330px-TrevithicksEngine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/TrevithicksEngine.jpg/440px-TrevithicksEngine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Trevithick's 1804 locomotive. This full-scale reconstruction is in the <a href="/wiki/National_Waterfront_Museum" title="National Waterfront Museum">National Waterfront Museum</a>, Swansea.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1802 Trevithick built one of his high-pressure steam engines to drive a <a href="/wiki/Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">hammer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Penydarren_Ironworks" title="Penydarren Ironworks">Penydarren Ironworks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mid_Glamorgan" title="Mid Glamorgan">Mid Glamorgan</a>. With the assistance of Rees Jones, an employee of the iron works, and under the supervision of Samuel Homfray, the proprietor, Trevithick mounted the engine on wheels and turned it into a locomotive. In 1803, Trevithick sold the patents for his locomotives to <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Homfray" title="Samuel Homfray">Samuel Homfray</a>. </p><p>Homfray was so impressed with Trevithick's locomotive that he made a <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">bet</a> of 500 <a href="/wiki/Guinea_(British_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea (British coin)">guineas</a> with another ironmaster, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Crawshay" title="Richard Crawshay">Richard Crawshay</a>, that Trevithick's steam locomotive could haul ten <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a> of iron along the <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tramroad" title="Merthyr Tramroad">Merthyr Tramroad</a> from <a href="/wiki/Penydarren" title="Penydarren">Penydarren</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richard_Trevithick&params=51.750825_N_3.375761_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°45′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°22′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.750825°N 3.375761°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.750825; -3.375761</span></span></span></a></span></span>) to <a href="/wiki/Abercynon" title="Abercynon">Abercynon</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richard_Trevithick&params=51.645567_N_3.324233_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°38′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°19′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.645567°N 3.324233°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.645567; -3.324233</span></span></span></a></span></span>), a distance of 9.75 miles (15.69 km). On 21 February 1804, amid great interest from the public, it successfully carried 10 tons of iron, five wagons and 70 men the full distance in 4 hours and 5 minutes, at an average speed of approximately 2.4 mph (3.9 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as Homfray, Crawshay and the passengers, other witnesses included <a href="/wiki/Davies_Gilbert" title="Davies Gilbert">Mr. Giddy</a>, a respected patron of Trevithick, and an "engineer from the Government".<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_p_40_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_p_40-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engineer from the government was probably a safety inspector, who would have been particularly interested in the boiler's ability to withstand high steam pressures. </p><p>The configuration of the Pen-y-Darren engine differed from the Coalbrookdale engine. The cylinder was moved to the other end of the boiler so that the fire door was out of the way of the moving parts. That obviously also involved putting the crankshaft at the chimney end. The locomotive comprised a <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a> with a single <a href="/wiki/Return_flue_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Return flue boiler">return flue</a> mounted on a four-wheel frame. At one end, a single <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder</a>, with very long stroke, was mounted partly in the boiler, and a <a href="/wiki/Piston_rod" title="Piston rod">piston rod</a> <a href="/wiki/Crosshead" title="Crosshead">crosshead</a> ran out along a slidebar, an arrangement that looked like a giant trombone. There was only one cylinder, which was coupled to a large <a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a> mounted on one side. The <a href="/wiki/Rotational_inertia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational inertia">rotational inertia</a> of the flywheel would even out the movement that was transmitted to a central <a href="/wiki/Cog-wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cog-wheel">cog-wheel</a> that was, in turn connected to the driving wheels. It used a high-pressure cylinder without a condenser. The exhaust steam was sent up the chimney, which assisted the draught through the fire, increasing the efficiency of the engine even more. </p><p>The bet was won. Despite many people's doubts, it had been shown that, provided that the <a href="/wiki/Gradient" title="Gradient">gradient</a> was sufficiently gentle, it was possible to successfully haul heavy carriages along a smooth iron road using the adhesive weight alone of a suitably heavy and powerful steam locomotive. Trevithick's was probably the first to do so;<sup id="cite_ref-Kirby,_pp_274-275_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirby,_pp_274-275-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but some of the short cast iron <a href="/wiki/Plateway" title="Plateway">plates</a> of the tramroad broke under the locomotive, because they were intended only to support the lighter axle load of horse-drawn wagons. Consequently, the tramroad returned to horse power after the initial test run. </p><p>Homfray was pleased he won his bet. The engine was placed on blocks and reverted to its original <a href="/wiki/Stationary_engine" title="Stationary engine">stationary</a> job of driving hammers. </p><p>In modern-day Merthyr Tydfil, behind the monument to Trevithick's locomotive, lies a stone wall, the sole remainder of the former boundary wall of Homfray's <a href="/wiki/Penydarren_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Penydarren House">Penydarren House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A full-scale working reconstruction of the Pen-y-darren locomotive was commissioned in 1981 and delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Industrial_and_Maritime_Museum" title="Welsh Industrial and Maritime Museum">Welsh Industrial and Maritime Museum</a> in Cardiff. When that closed, the locomotive was moved to the <a href="/wiki/National_Waterfront_Museum" title="National Waterfront Museum">National Waterfront Museum</a> in Swansea.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several times a year, it is run on a 40 m (130 ft) length of railway outside the museum.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Newcastle"_locomotive"><span id=".22Newcastle.22_locomotive"></span>"Newcastle" locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: "Newcastle" locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Blackett" title="Christopher Blackett">Christopher Blackett</a>, proprietor of the <a href="/wiki/Wylam" title="Wylam">Wylam</a> colliery near Newcastle, heard of the success in Wales and wrote to Trevithick asking for locomotive designs. These were sent to John Whitfield at Gateshead, Trevithick's agent, who in 1804 built what was probably the first locomotive to have flanged wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blackett was using wooden rails for his tramway and, once again, Trevithick's machine was to prove too heavy for its track.<sup id="cite_ref-Spartacus_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spartacus-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catch_Me_Who_Can"><i>Catch Me Who Can</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Catch Me Who Can"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg/220px-Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg/330px-Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg/440px-Trevithick%27s_steam_circus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Trevithick's steam circus</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1808 Trevithick publicised his steam railway locomotive expertise by building a new locomotive called <i><a href="/wiki/Catch_Me_Who_Can" title="Catch Me Who Can">Catch Me Who Can</a></i>, built for him by <a href="/wiki/Hazledine_and_Company" title="Hazledine and Company">John Hazledine</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Urpeth_Rastrick" title="John Urpeth Rastrick">John Urpeth Rastrick</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bridgnorth" title="Bridgnorth">Bridgnorth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, and named by <a href="/wiki/Davies_Gilbert" title="Davies Gilbert">Davies Giddy</a>'s daughter. The configuration differed from the previous locomotives in that the cylinder was mounted vertically and drove a pair of wheels directly without a flywheel or gearing.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was probably Trevithick's fourth locomotive, after those used at Coalbrookdale, Pen-y-darren ironworks, and the Wylam colliery. He ran it on a circular track just south of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Euston_Square_tube_station" title="Euston Square tube station">Euston Square tube station</a> in London. The site in <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury" title="Bloomsbury">Bloomsbury</a> has recently been identified <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologically</a> as that occupied by the <a href="/wiki/UCL_Main_Building" title="UCL Main Building">Chadwick Building</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyler,_2007_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyler,_2007-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Admission to the "steam circus" was one <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a> including a ride and it was intended to show that rail travel was faster than by horse. This venture also suffered from weak tracks and public interest was limited. </p><p>Trevithick was disappointed by the response and designed no more railway locomotives. It was not until 1812 that twin-cylinder steam locomotives, built by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Murray" title="Matthew Murray">Matthew Murray</a> in <a href="/wiki/Holbeck" title="Holbeck">Holbeck</a>, successfully started replacing horses for hauling coal wagons on the <a href="/wiki/Edge_rail_(edgeways)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge rail (edgeways)">edge railed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">rack and pinion</a> <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Railway" title="Middleton Railway">Middleton Railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Middleton,_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Middleton, West Yorkshire">Middleton</a> colliery to <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engineering_projects">Engineering projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Engineering projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thames_tunnel">Thames tunnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Thames tunnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Vazie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Vazie (page does not exist)">Robert Vazie</a>, another Cornish engineer, was selected by the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Archway_Company" title="Thames Archway Company">Thames Archway Company</a> in 1805 to drive a tunnel under the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotherhithe" title="Rotherhithe">Rotherhithe</a>. Vazie encountered serious problems with water influx, and had got no further than sinking the end shafts when the directors called in Trevithick for consultation. The directors agreed to pay Trevithick £1000 (the equivalent of £100,528 in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) if he could successfully complete the tunnel, a length of 1,220 feet (370 m). In August 1807, he began driving a small pilot tunnel or driftway 5 feet (1.5 m) high tapering from 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m) at the top to 3 feet (0.91 m) at the bottom. By 23 December, after it had progressed 950 feet (290 m), progress was delayed after a sudden inrush of water; and only one month later on 26 January 1808, at 1,040 feet (320 m), a more serious inrush occurred. The tunnel was flooded; Trevithick, being the last to leave, was nearly drowned. Clay was dumped on the river bed to seal the hole, and the tunnel was drained, but mining was now more difficult. Progress stalled, and a few of the directors attempted to discredit Trevithick, but the quality of his work was eventually upheld by two <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">colliery</a> engineers from the North of England. Despite suggesting various building techniques to complete the project, including a submerged <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> <a href="/wiki/Tubing_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubing (material)">tube</a>, Trevithick's links with the company ceased and the project was never actually completed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Completion">Completion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Completion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first successful tunnel under the Thames was started by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Marc_Isambard_Brunel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Marc Isambard Brunel">Sir Marc Isambard Brunel</a> in 1823, 0.75 miles (1,200 m) upstream, assisted by his son <a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a> (who also nearly died in a tunnel collapse). Marc Brunel finally completed it in 1843, the delays being due to problems with funding. </p><p>Trevithick's suggestion of a submerged tube approach was successfully implemented for the first time across the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a> between <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> in the United States and <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> in Canada with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Railway_Tunnel" title="Michigan Central Railway Tunnel">Michigan Central Railway Tunnel</a>, under the engineering supervision of The New York Central Railway's engineering vice president, <a href="/wiki/William_J_Wilgus" class="mw-redirect" title="William J Wilgus">William J Wilgus</a>. Construction began in 1903 and was completed in 1910. The <a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit–Windsor Tunnel">Detroit–Windsor Tunnel</a> which was completed in 1930 for automotive traffic, and the tunnel under the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Harbour" title="Victoria Harbour">Hong Kong Harbour</a> were also submerged-tube designs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_London">Return to London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Return to London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevithick went on to research other projects to exploit his high-pressure steam engines: boring <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> manufacture, <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a> crushing, rolling mills, forge hammers, <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnace</a> blowers as well as the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_mining" title="Traditional mining">traditional mining</a> applications. He also built a <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> powered by <a href="/wiki/Paddle_steamer" title="Paddle steamer">paddle wheels</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Dredge" class="mw-redirect" title="Dredge">dredgers</a>. </p><p>Trevithick saw opportunities in London and persuaded his wife and four children reluctantly to join him in 1808 for two and a half years lodging first in <a href="/wiki/Rotherhithe" title="Rotherhithe">Rotherhithe</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nautical_projects">Nautical projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Nautical projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1808 Trevithick entered a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dickinson_(businessman)" title="Robert Dickinson (businessman)">Robert Dickinson (businessman)</a>, a West India merchant. Dickinson supported several of Trevithick's patents. The first of these was the <i>Nautical Labourer</i>; a steam <a href="/wiki/Tug" class="mw-redirect" title="Tug">tug</a> with a floating <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">crane</a> propelled by paddle wheels. However, it did not meet the fire regulations for the docks, and the Society of Coal Whippers, worried about losing their livelihood, even threatened the life of Trevithick. </p><p>Another patent was for the installation of iron tanks in ships for storage of cargo and water instead of in wooden <a href="/wiki/Casks" class="mw-redirect" title="Casks">casks</a>. A small works was set up at <a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a> to manufacture them, employing three men. The tanks were also used to raise sunken <a href="/wiki/Shipwrecks" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipwrecks">wrecks</a> by placing them under the wreck and creating <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyancy</a> by pumping them full of air. In 1810 a wreck near <a href="/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a> was raised in this way but there was a dispute over payment and Trevithick was driven to cut the lashings loose and let it sink again. </p><p>In 1809, Trevithick worked on various ideas on improvements for ships: iron floating docks, iron ships, telescopic iron masts, improved ship structures, iron <a href="/wiki/Buoys" class="mw-redirect" title="Buoys">buoys</a> and using heat from the ships boilers for cooking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness,_financial_difficulties_and_return_to_Cornwall"><span id="Illness.2C_financial_difficulties_and_return_to_Cornwall"></span>Illness, financial difficulties and return to Cornwall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Illness, financial difficulties and return to Cornwall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1810 Trevithick caught <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a> and nearly died. By September, he had recovered sufficiently to travel back to Cornwall by ship, and in February 1811 he and Dickinson were declared <a href="/wiki/Bankrupt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankrupt">bankrupt</a>. They were not discharged until 1814, Trevithick having paid off most of the partnership debts from his own funds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cornish_boiler_and_engine">Cornish boiler and engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cornish boiler and engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In about 1812 Trevithick designed the ‘<a href="/wiki/Cornish_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish boiler">Cornish boiler</a>’. These were horizontal, cylindrical boilers with a single internal fire tube or flue passing horizontally through the middle. Hot exhaust gases from the fire passed through the flue thus increasing the surface area heating the water and improving efficiency. These types were installed in the Boulton and Watt pumping engines at <a href="/wiki/Dolcoath_mine" title="Dolcoath mine">Dolcoath</a> and more than doubled their efficiency. </p><p>Again in 1812, he installed a new 'high-pressure' experimental condensing steam engine at Wheal Prosper. This became known as the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_engine" title="Cornish engine">Cornish engine</a>, and was the most efficient in the world at that time. Other Cornish engineers contributed to its development but Trevithick's work was predominant. In the same year he installed another high-pressure engine, though non-condensing, in a <a href="/wiki/Threshing" title="Threshing">threshing</a> machine at the Trewithen Estate, a farm in <a href="/wiki/Probus,_Cornwall" title="Probus, Cornwall">Probus, Cornwall</a>. It was very successful and proved to be cheaper to run than the horses it replaced. In use for 70 years, it was then retired to an exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a>. In 2023, the owners of the Trewithen Estate planned to redevelop their farm, which will also involve returning the historic Trevithick steam engine to its original location within the farm.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recoil_engine">Recoil engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Recoil engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In one of Trevithick's more unusual projects, he attempted to build a 'recoil engine' similar to the <a href="/wiki/Aeolipile" title="Aeolipile">aeolipile</a> described by <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria" title="Hero of Alexandria">Hero of Alexandria</a> in about <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 50. Trevithick's engine comprised a boiler feeding a hollow <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axle</a> to route the steam to a <a href="/wiki/Catherine_wheel_(firework)" title="Catherine wheel (firework)">catherine wheel</a> with two fine-<a href="/wiki/Bore_(engines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bore (engines)">bore</a> steam <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jets</a> on its circumference. The first wheel was 15 feet (4.6 m) in diameter and a later attempt was 24 feet (7.3 m) in diameter. To get any usable <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>, steam had to issue from the nozzles at a very high <a href="/wiki/Velocity" title="Velocity">velocity</a> and in such large volume that it proved not to operate with adequate efficiency. Today this would be recognised as a <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine#Reaction_turbines" title="Steam turbine">reaction turbine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_America">South America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Draining_the_Peruvian_silver_mines">Draining the Peruvian silver mines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Draining the Peruvian silver mines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1811 draining water from the rich <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> mines of <a href="/wiki/Cerro_de_Pasco" title="Cerro de Pasco">Cerro de Pasco</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> at an altitude of 4,330 metres (14,210 ft) posed serious problems for the man in charge, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Uville" title="Francisco Uville">Francisco Uville</a>. The low-pressure condensing engines by Boulton and Watt developed so little power as to be useless at this altitude, and they could not be dismantled into sufficiently small pieces to be transported there along <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a> tracks. Uville was sent to England to investigate using Trevithick's high-pressure steam engine. He bought one for 20 guineas, transported it back and found it to work quite satisfactorily. In 1813 Uville set sail again for England and, having fallen ill on the way, broke his journey via <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. When he had recovered he boarded the <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Cornwall" title="Falmouth, Cornwall">Falmouth</a> <a href="/wiki/Packet_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Packet ship">packet ship</a> 'Fox' coincidentally with one of Trevithick's cousins on board the same vessel. Trevithick's home was just a few miles from Falmouth so Uville was able to meet him and tell him about the project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trevithick_leaves_for_South_America">Trevithick leaves for South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Trevithick leaves for South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 20 October 1816 Trevithick left <a href="/wiki/Penzance" title="Penzance">Penzance</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaler</a> ship <i>Asp</i> accompanied by a lawyer named Page and a boilermaker bound for Peru. He was received by Uville with honour initially but relations soon broke down and Trevithick left in disgust at the accusations directed at him. He travelled widely in Peru acting as a consultant on mining methods. The government granted him certain mining rights and he found mining areas, but did not have the funds to develop them, with the exception of a copper and silver mine at <a href="/wiki/Caxatambo" class="mw-redirect" title="Caxatambo">Caxatambo</a>. After a time serving in the army of Simon Bolivar he returned to Caxatambo but due to the unsettled state of the country and presence of the Spanish army he was forced to leave the area and abandon £5,000 worth of ore ready to ship. Uville died in 1818 and Trevithick soon returned to Cerro de Pasco to continue mining. However, the war of liberation denied him several objectives. Meanwhile, back in England, he was accused of neglecting his wife Jane and family in Cornwall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploring_the_isthmus_of_Costa_Rica_on_foot">Exploring the isthmus of Costa Rica on foot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Exploring the isthmus of Costa Rica on foot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving Cerro de Pasco, Trevithick passed through <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> on his way to <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. He arrived in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> in 1822 hoping to develop mining machinery. He spent time looking for a practical route to transport ore and equipment, settling on using the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Nicaragua)" title="San Juan River (Nicaragua)">San Juan River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sarapiqui_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarapiqui River">Sarapiqui River</a>, and then a railway to cover the remaining distance. In a biography his son wrote that Trevithick had in mind a steam-driven railway and not mule-driven. </p><p>The initial party comprised Trevithick, Scottish mining projector James Gerard,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two schoolboys: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Montealegre_Fern%C3%A1ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="José María Montealegre Fernández">José Maria Montealegre</a> (a future president of Costa Rica) and his brother Mariano, whom Gerard intended to enrol at a small boarding school at <a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_House" title="Lauderdale House">Lauderdale House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Highgate" title="Highgate">Highgate</a> (where Trevithick later made his temporary London home),<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and seven natives, three of whom returned home after guiding them through the first part of their journey. The journey was treacherous – one of the party was drowned in a raging torrent and Trevithick was nearly killed on at least two occasions. In the first he was saved from drowning by Gerard, and in the second he was nearly devoured by an <a href="/wiki/Alligator" title="Alligator">alligator</a> following a dispute with a local man whom he had in some way offended. Still in the company of Gerard, he made his way to <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a> where he chanced to meet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a> who was himself on his way home from Colombia, following a failed three-year mining venture. It had been many years since they last met (when Stephenson was just a baby), and the two men were judged by witnesses to their meeting to have little in common. Despite this Stephenson gave Trevithick £50 to help his passage home. Whilst Stephenson and Gerard booked passage via New York, Trevithick took ship direct to Falmouth, arriving there in October 1827 with few possessions other than the clothes he was wearing. He never returned to Costa Rica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_projects">Later projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Later projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taking encouragement from earlier inventors who had achieved some successes with similar endeavours, Trevithick petitioned Parliament for a grant, but he was unsuccessful in acquiring one. </p><p>In 1829 he built a closed cycle steam engine followed by a vertical tubular boiler. </p><p>In 1830 he invented an early form of storage room <a href="/wiki/Storage_heater" title="Storage heater">heater</a>. It comprised a small fire tube boiler with a detachable flue which could be heated either outside or indoors with the flue connected to a chimney. Once hot the hot water container could be wheeled to where heat was required and the issuing heat could be altered using adjustable doors. </p><p>To commemorate the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Bill</a> in 1832 he designed a massive column to be 1,000 feet (300 m) high, being 100 feet (30 m) in diameter at the base tapering to 12 feet (3.7 m) at the top where a statue of a horse would have been mounted. It was to be made of 1500 10-foot-square (3 m) pieces of cast iron and would have weighed 6,000 long tons (6,100 t; 6,700 short tons). There was substantial public interest in the proposal, but it was never built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_project">Final project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Final project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About the same time he was invited to do some development work on an engine of a new vessel at Dartford by John Hall, the founder of <a href="/wiki/J_%26_E_Hall" title="J & E Hall">J & E Hall</a> Limited. The work involved a reaction turbine for which Trevithick earned £1200. He lodged at The Bull hotel in the High Street, <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stedmemomorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stedmemomorial.jpg/220px-Stedmemomorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stedmemomorial.jpg/330px-Stedmemomorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stedmemomorial.jpg/440px-Stedmemomorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The plaque at St Edmund's Burial Ground, East Hill, <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>. With the words "Richard Trevithick. Approximately 25ft from this wall lie the remains of Richard Trevithick. The great engineer and pioneer of high-pressure steam. He died at the Bull Inn, Dartford and was carried here by fellow workers of Halls Engineering Works. To a paupers grave. Born Illogan, Cornwall April 13th 1771. Died <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> April 22nd 1833".</figcaption></figure> <p>After he had been working in <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a> for about a year, Trevithick was taken ill with <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> and had to retire to bed at the Bull Hotel, where he was lodging at the time. Following a week's confinement in bed he died on the morning of 22 April 1833. He was penniless, and no relatives or friends had attended his bedside during his illness. His colleagues at Hall's works made a collection for his funeral expenses and acted as <a href="/wiki/Pallbearer" title="Pallbearer">bearers</a>. They also paid a night watchman to guard his grave at night to deter <a href="/wiki/Grave_robber" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave robber">grave robbers</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Body_snatching" title="Body snatching">body snatching</a> was common at that time. </p><p>Trevithick was buried in an unmarked grave in St Edmund's Burial Ground, East Hill, Dartford. The burial ground closed in 1857, with the gravestones being removed in 1956–57. A plaque marks the approximate spot believed to be the site of the grave.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaque lies on the side of the park, near the East Hill gate, and an unlinked path. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memorials">Memorials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Camborne, outside the public library, a statue by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Stanford_Merrifield" title="Leonard Stanford Merrifield">Leonard Stanford Merrifield</a> depicting Trevithick holding one of his small-scale models<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was unveiled in 1932 by <a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a>, in front of a crowd of thousands of local people.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 March 2007, Dartford Borough Council invited the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Trevithick_Society" title="Trevithick Society">Trevithick Society</a>, Phil Hosken, to unveil a <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> at the Royal Victoria and Bull hotel (formerly The Bull) marking Trevithick's last years in Dartford and the place of his death in 1833. The Blue Plaque is prominently displayed on the hotel's front facade. There is also a plaque at <a href="/wiki/Dartford#Places_of_worship" title="Dartford">Holy Trinity Church, Dartford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick,_Camborne_(9625246249).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick%2C_Camborne_%289625246249%29.jpg/170px-Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick%2C_Camborne_%289625246249%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick%2C_Camborne_%289625246249%29.jpg/255px-Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick%2C_Camborne_%289625246249%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick%2C_Camborne_%289625246249%29.jpg/340px-Statue_of_Richard_Trevithick%2C_Camborne_%289625246249%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="3194" /></a><figcaption>Trevithick's statue by the public library at Camborne, Cornwall</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a> Engineering, Computer Science and Physics departments are based around the Trevithick Building which also holds the Trevithick Library, named after Richard Trevithick.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Gower_Street_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gower Street (London)">Gower Street</a> in London, on the wall of the <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College</a> building, an elaborate wall plaque carries the legend: "Close to this place Richard Trevithick (Born 1771 – Died 1833) Pioneer of High Pressure Steam ran in the year 1808 the first steam locomotive to draw passengers." It was erected by "The Trevithick Centenary Memorial Committee".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the oldest depictions of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran%27s_Flag" title="Saint Piran's Flag">Saint Piran's Flag</a> can be seen in a stained glass window at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, 1888, commemorating Richard Trevithick.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The window depicts <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">St Michael</a> at the top and nine Cornish saints, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran" title="Saint Piran">Piran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petroc" title="Saint Petroc">Petroc</a>, Pinnock,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanus, Julian, <a href="/wiki/Quiricus_and_Julietta" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiricus and Julietta">Cyriacus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_(British_saint)" title="Constantine (British saint)">Constantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Non" title="Saint Non">Nonna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geraint_of_Dumnonia" title="Geraint of Dumnonia">Geraint</a> in tiers below. The head of St Piran appears to be a portrait of Trevithick himself and the figure carries the banner of Cornwall.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a plaque and memorial situated in <a href="/wiki/Abercynon" title="Abercynon">Abercynon</a>, outside the fire station. It says "In commemoration of the achievements of Richard Trevithick who having constructed the first steam locomotive did on February 21st 1804 successfully hail 10 tons of iron and numerous passengers along a tramroad from Merthyr to this precinct where was situated the loading point of the Glamorgan Canal".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a building in Abercynon called Ty Trevithick (Trevithick House), named in his honour. </p><p>On Penydarren Road, <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a> there is a memorial on the site of the Penydarren Tramway. The inscription reads "RICHARD TREVITHICK 1771-1833 PIONEER OF HIGH PRESSURE STEAM BUILT THE FIRST STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TO RUN ON RAILS. ON FEBRUARY 21ST 1804 IT TRAVERSED THE SPOT ON WHICH THIS MONUMENT STANDS ON ITS WAY TO ABERCYNON".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A short walk north of that is the (slightly misspelled) Trevethick Street, named after Trevithick. </p><p>A replica of Trevithick's first full-size steam road locomotive was first displayed at Camborne Trevithick Day 2001, the day chosen for the celebration of Trevithick's public demonstration of the use of high-pressure steam. The team consisting of John Woodward, Mark Rivron and Sean Oliver, have continued to maintain and display the engine at various steam fairs across the country. The <i>Puffing Devil</i> has proudly led the parade of steam engines at every subsequent Trevithick day up to and including 2014. </p><p>Trevithick Drive in Temple Hill, Dartford, was named after Richard Trevithick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legacy">Legacy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Trevithick_Society" title="Trevithick Society">Trevithick Society</a>, a successor to <a href="/wiki/Industrial_archaeology" title="Industrial archaeology">industrial archaeology</a> organizations that were initially formed to rescue the <a href="/wiki/Levant_Mine_and_Beam_Engine" title="Levant Mine and Beam Engine">Levant winding engine</a> from being scrapped, was named in honor of Richard Trevithick.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They publish a newsletter, a journal and many books on Cornish engines, the mining industry, engineers, and other industrial archaeological topics.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The active Trevithick Society is not to be confused with the former Trevithick Trust, registered by the Charity Commission in 1994 and removed (ceased to exist) in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Trevithick Trust attracted grants and did work at various sites in Cornwall, including <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Mine" title="King Edward Mine">King Edward Mine</a>. </p><p>There is also a street named after Trevithick in Merthyr Tydfil. </p><p>Richard Trevithick is celebrated in Camborne, Cornwall on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trevithickday.org.uk/">Trevithick Day</a> which is held annually on the last Saturday in April. The day is a community festival with steam engines from all over the UK attending. Towards the end of the day they parade through the streets of Camborne and steam past a statue of Richard Trevithick outside the Passmore Edwards building. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove" title="Harry Turtledove">Harry Turtledove</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternate history</a> short story "<a href="/wiki/A_Different_Flesh#The_Iron_Elephant" title="A Different Flesh">The Iron Elephant</a>" has a character named Richard Trevithick inventing a steam engine in 1782 and subsequently racing a <a href="/wiki/Woolly_mammoth" title="Woolly mammoth">woolly mammoth</a>-<a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">drawn train</a> that it would in time come to supplant. The character was born sometime before 1771, and is American rather than British, indicating he is an analog, rather than the historical figure. </p><p>The greatest legacy of Trevithick, of course, is that he set into motion the railway age, and proved that high pressure steam engines were the way forward from low pressure engines. After him came George and Robert Stephenson who created viable locomotives and commercially viable railways, but they only built on what Trevithick laid down before them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" 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related to Cornwall">List of topics related to Cornwall</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrump2007" class="citation book cs1">Crump, Thomas (2007). <i>The Age of Steam: The Power that Drove the Industrial Revolution</i>. Carroll & Graf. pp. 66–67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78672-047-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78672-047-7"><bdi>978-0-78672-047-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Steam%3A+The+Power+that+Drove+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.pages=66-67&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-78672-047-7&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415125004/http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco">"Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive | Rhagor"</a>. Museumwales.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco/">the original</a> on 15 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Trevithick%27s+steam+locomotive+%26%23124%3B+Rhagor&rft.pub=Museumwales.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumwales.ac.uk%2Fen%2Frhagor%2Farticle%2Ftrevithic_loco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/3509961.stm">"Steam train anniversary begins"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2009</span>. <q>A south Wales town has begun months of celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of the invention of the steam locomotive. Merthyr Tydfil was the location where, on 21 February 1804, Richard Trevithick took the world into the railway age when he set one of his high-pressure steam engines on a local iron master's tram rails</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Steam+train+anniversary+begins&rft.date=2004-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2F3509961.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOA_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Longhurst, Percy: <i>Cornish Wrestling</i>, The Boy's Own Annual, Volume 52, 1930, p167-169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trevithick, Ricard</i>, Encyclopedia Britannica Vol XXIII, Maxwell Sommerville (Philadelphia) 1891, p589.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CG17031966-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CG17031966_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cornish wrestling champion of 150 years ago</i>, Cornish Guardian, 17 March 1966, p10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge2002" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, James (2002). <i>Richard Trevithick</i>. Lifelines. Aylesbury: Shire Publications Ltd. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-177-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-177-5"><bdi>978-0-85263-177-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Trevithick&rft.series=Lifelines&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Aylesbury%3A+Shire+Publications+Ltd&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-85263-177-5&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Griffiths, John C. (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19561">"William Murdock"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19561">10.1093/ref:odnb/19561</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Murdock&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19561&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F19561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SteamTrainsBR-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SteamTrainsBR_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903023055/http://www.steamlocomotives.org/history/facts-about-richard-trevithick.html">"Facts about Richard Trevithick"</a>. <i>Steam Trains of British Railways</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamlocomotives.org/history/facts-about-richard-trevithick.html">the original</a> on 3 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steam+Trains+of+British+Railways&rft.atitle=Facts+about+Richard+Trevithick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamlocomotives.org%2Fhistory%2Ffacts-about-richard-trevithick.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The romance of the steam engine". <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. <b>IV</b> (18). New York: Munn and Co: 277. 4 May 1861. <q>In Trevithick's boiler the feed water was heated by the exhaust steam, which some have supposed was an idea borrowed from Evans, but no proof has been adduced that the Cornish engineer had heard of the prior American invention. We therefore conclude that it was original with Trevithick, but he was not the first inventor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+romance+of+the+steam+engine&rft.volume=IV&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=277&rft.date=1861-05-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hathitrust1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hathitrust1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001613878"><i>Catalog Record: Life of Richard Trevithick, with an account... | Hathi Trust Digital Library</i></a>. 1872<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span> – via Catalog.hathitrust.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalog+Record%3A+Life+of+Richard+Trevithick%2C+with+an+account...+%26%23124%3B+Hathi+Trust+Digital+Library&rft.date=1872&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001613878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/transportation/richard-trevithick">"Richard Trevithick"</a>. <i>Asme.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asme.org&rft.atitle=Richard+Trevithick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asme.org%2Fengineering-topics%2Farticles%2Ftransportation%2Frichard-trevithick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL.T.C._Rolt2014" class="citation web cs1">L.T.C. Rolt (7 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Trevithick">"Richard Trevithick | English engineer"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Richard+Trevithick+%26%23124%3B+English+engineer&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft.au=L.T.C.+Rolt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRichard-Trevithick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_Staff" class="citation web cs1">BBC Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050311225256/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/uncovered/stories/august2004/walk_through_time/06.shtml">"Walk Through Time – Camborne"</a>. BBC Cornwall. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/uncovered/stories/august2004/walk_through_time/06.shtml">the original</a> on 11 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walk+Through+Time+%E2%80%93+Camborne&rft.pub=BBC+Cornwall&rft.au=BBC+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcornwall%2Funcovered%2Fstories%2Faugust2004%2Fwalk_through_time%2F06.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patent 2599, 24 March 1802<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectionsonline.nmsi.ac.uk/detail.php?type=related&kv=74917&t=objects">"Letters (6) 1802–1828 Richard Trevithick/Andrew Vivian"</a>. <i>Collections Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collections+Online&rft.atitle=Letters+%286%29+1802%E2%80%931828+Richard+Trevithick%2FAndrew+Vivian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollectionsonline.nmsi.ac.uk%2Fdetail.php%3Ftype%3Drelated%26kv%3D74917%26t%3Dobjects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_pp_40-44-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_pp_40-44_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Rogers,_Iron_Road">Rogers, Iron Road</a>, pp. 40–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevithick1872" class="citation book cs1">Trevithick, Francis (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liferichardtrev01trevgoog"><i>Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions, Volume 1</i></a>. E. & F.N. Spon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Richard+Trevithick%3A+With+an+Account+of+His+Inventions%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=E.+%26+F.N.+Spon&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Trevithick&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliferichardtrev01trevgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Shropshire</i>. Shropshire County Council. 1980. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0903802-14-7" title="Special:BookSources/0903802-14-7"><bdi>0903802-14-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shropshire&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Shropshire+County+Council&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0903802-14-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span>Article 'Shropshire Railways' by John Denton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westcott,_British_railway_locomotive,_p_3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Westcott,_British_railway_locomotive,_p_3_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Westcott,_British_railway_locomotive" class="citation book cs1">Westcott, G. F. (1958). <i>The British railway locomotive 1803–1853</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. pp. 3 & 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+railway+locomotive+1803%E2%80%931853&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3+%26+11&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=G.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612124726/http://www.locos-in-profile.co.uk/Articles/Early_Locos/early1.html">"Early steam locomotives"</a>. Locos in Profile. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+steam+locomotives&rft.pub=Locos+in+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locos-in-profile.co.uk%2FArticles%2FEarly_Locos%2Fearly1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/18450483.jpg">"Photograph from the museum near Telford, UK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(JPG)</span>. <i>Static.panoramio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Static.panoramio.com&rft.atitle=Photograph+from+the+museum+near+Telford%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.panoramio.com%2Fphotos%2Foriginal%2F18450483.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSCSC-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSCSC_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_from_the_Select_Committee_on_Steam_Carriages" class="extiw" title="s:Report from the Select Committee on Steam Carriages">Report from the Select Committee on Steam Carriages</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, 1834, pp. 123–144, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107302733" class="extiw" title="d:Q107302733">Q107302733</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+from+the+Select+Committee+on+Steam+Carriages&rft.pages=123-144&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=1834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby,_Engineering_in_History,_pp_175-177-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirby,_Engineering_in_History,_pp_175-177_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kirby,_Engineering_in_History" class="citation book cs1">Kirby, Richard Shelton; Withington, S.; Darling, A. B.; Kilgour, F. G. (August 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringinhis0000unse/page/175"><i>Engineering in History</i></a>. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringinhis0000unse/page/175">175–177</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26412-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-26412-2"><bdi>0-486-26412-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+in+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=175-177&rft.pub=Dover+Publications+Inc&rft.date=1990-08&rft.isbn=0-486-26412-2&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Richard+Shelton&rft.au=Withington%2C+S.&rft.au=Darling%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Kilgour%2C+F.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fengineeringinhis0000unse%2Fpage%2F175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRattenbury,_GordonLewis,_M._J._T.2004" class="citation book cs1">Rattenbury, Gordon; Lewis, M. J. T. (2004). <i>Merthyr Tydfil Tramroads and their Locomotives</i>. Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901461-52-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-901461-52-0"><bdi>0-901461-52-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merthyr+Tydfil+Tramroads+and+their+Locomotives&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Railway+%26+Canal+Historical+Society&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-901461-52-0&rft.au=Rattenbury%2C+Gordon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+M.+J.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_p_40-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers,_Iron_Road,_p_40_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Rogers,_Iron_Road" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Col. H. C. (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnpiketoironro0000roge"><i>Turnpike to Iron Road</i></a></span>. London: Seeley, Service & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnpiketoironro0000roge/page/40">40</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turnpike+to+Iron+Road&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Seeley%2C+Service+%26+Co.&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Col.+H.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnpiketoironro0000roge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby,_pp_274-275-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirby,_pp_274-275_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kirby,_Engineering_in_History">Kirby, Engineering in History</a>, pp. 274–275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222030629/http://www.trevithicktrail.co.uk/Locations/monument_continued.aspx">"Trevithick Monument Continued"</a>. trevithicktrail.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trevithicktrail.co.uk/Locations/monument_continued.aspx">the original</a> on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trevithick+Monument+Continued&rft.pub=trevithicktrail.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trevithicktrail.co.uk%2FLocations%2Fmonument_continued.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnapman2017" class="citation news cs1">Knapman, Joshua (19 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/family-kids-news/15-things-you-never-knew-13053288">"15 things you never knew you could find in a Welsh museum"</a>. Wales Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=15+things+you+never+knew+you+could+find+in+a+Welsh+museum&rft.date=2017-05-19&rft.aulast=Knapman&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ffamily-kids-news%2F15-things-you-never-knew-13053288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Westcott G.F. ed, <i>The British railway locomotive 1803–1853</i>, HMSO, London, 1958, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spartacus-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spartacus_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625220403/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAtrevithick.htm">"Richard Trevithick"</a>. <i>Spartacus Educational online encyclopaedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Spartacus_Educational" title="Spartacus Educational">Spartacus Educational</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAtrevithick.htm">the original</a> on 25 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+Trevithick&rft.btitle=Spartacus+Educational+online+encyclopaedia&rft.pub=Spartacus+Educational&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk%2FRAtrevithick.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Timothy Hackworth's Essential Place in Early Locomotive Development", an article by Norman Hill in <i> Railway Archive Number 16</i>, Lightmoor Press, Witney, 2007 page 7. Norman Hill's article provides considerable detail about the Newcastle engine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpon1872" class="citation book cs1">Spon, E. & F.N. (1872). <i>Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions</i>. Vol. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Richard+Trevithick%3A+With+an+Account+of+His+Inventions&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Spon&rft.aufirst=E.+%26+F.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyler,_2007-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tyler,_2007_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyler2007" class="citation journal cs1">Tyler, N. (2007). "Trevithick's Circle". <i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_Newcomen_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactions of the Newcomen Society">Trans. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishminer.com/product_info.php/cPath/25/products_id/230">the original</a> on 2 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TREVITHICK+SOCIETY+JOURNAL%2C+Cornish+Miner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornishminer.com%2Fproduct_info.php%2FcPath%2F25%2Fproducts_id%2F230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/1041752/governance">"Trevithick Trust Ltd"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trevithick+Trust+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregister-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk%2Fcharity-search%2F-%2Fcharity-details%2F1041752%2Fgovernance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2000" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Anthony (2000). <i>Richard Trevithick: Giant of Steam</i>. London: Aurum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-878-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-878-6"><bdi>1-85410-878-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Trevithick%3A+Giant+of+Steam&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85410-878-6&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hodge, James (2003), <i>Richard Trevithick</i> (<i>Lifelines</i>; 6.) Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire HP27 9AA: Shire Publications</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirbyWithington,_S.Darling,_A._B.Kilgour,_F._G.1990" class="citation book cs1">Kirby, Richard Shelton; Withington, S.; Darling, A. B.; Kilgour, F. G. (August 1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/engineeringinhis0000unse"><i>Engineering in History</i></a></span>. New York: Dover Publications Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26412-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-26412-2"><bdi>0-486-26412-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+in+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications+Inc&rft.date=1990-08&rft.isbn=0-486-26412-2&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Richard+Shelton&rft.au=Withington%2C+S.&rft.au=Darling%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Kilgour%2C+F.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fengineeringinhis0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lowe, James W. (1975), <i>British Steam Locomotive Builders</i>. Cambridge: Goose <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900404-21-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-900404-21-3">0-900404-21-3</a> (reissued in 1989 by Guild Publishing)</li> <li>Rogers, Col. H. C. (1961), <i>Turnpike to Iron Road</i> London: Seeley, Service & Co.; pp. 40–44</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevithick1872" class="citation book cs1">Trevithick, Francis (1872). <i>Life of Richard Trevithick, with an account of his inventions</i>. London: E. & F. N. Spon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Richard+Trevithick%2C+with+an+account+of+his+inventions&rft.place=London&rft.pub=E.+%26+F.+N.+Spon&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Trevithick&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span> (2 volumes. To be found in the library of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IMechE, London)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Trevithick,_Richard" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trevithick, Richard">Trevithick, Richard</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trevithick-day.org.uk/">The Camborne ‘Trevithick Day’ Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609181219/http://www.trevithick-day.org.uk/">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crocat.cornwall.gov.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=((text)='richard%20trevithick')">Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Richard Trevithick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://camborne.wikidot.com/edmonds">Contributions to the Biography of Richard Trevithick Richard Edmonds, 1859</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/motive_power/1926-110.aspx">Richard Trevithick steam engine 1805–06 in the Energy Hall, Science Museum, London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016043542/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/motive_power/1926-110.aspx">Archived</a> 16 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trevithicksociety.info/">Trevithick Society</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Trevithick, Richard"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Trevithick,_Richard">"Trevithick, Richard" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. 1885–1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trevithick%2C+Richard&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.date=1885%2F1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Trevithick" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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talk:Early steam locomotives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_steam_locomotives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early steam locomotives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-1830_steam_locomotives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-1830 <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotives</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot#First_self-propelled_vehicle" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Cugnot's <i>fardier à vapeur</i></a> (1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch#Steam_powered_locomotion" title="William Murdoch">Murdoch's model steam carriage</a> (1784)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Puffing_Devil"><i>Puffing Devil</i></a> (1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Steam_Carriage" title="London Steam Carriage">London Steam Carriage</a> (1803)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Coalbrookdale_Locomotive">The Coalbrookdale locomotive</a> (1802)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive">The Pen-y-Darren locomotive</a> (1804)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#"Newcastle"_locomotive">The Newcastle locomotive</a> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catch_Me_Who_Can" title="Catch Me Who Can">Catch Me Who Can</a></i> (1808)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(locomotive)" title="Salamanca (locomotive)">Salamanca</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puffing_Billy_(locomotive)" title="Puffing Billy (locomotive)">Puffing Billy</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steam_Horse_locomotive" title="Steam Horse locomotive">Steam Horse</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%BCcher_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blücher (locomotive)">Blücher</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wylam_Dilly" title="Wylam Dilly">Wylam Dilly</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steam_Elephant" title="Steam Elephant">Steam Elephant</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killingworth_locomotives" title="Killingworth locomotives">Killingworth Billy</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke (locomotive)">The Duke</a></i> (1817 or 1818)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No._1" title="Locomotion No. 1">Locomotion No. 1</a></i> (1825)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hackworth#The_Royal_George" title="Timothy Hackworth">The Royal George</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Witch" title="Lancashire Witch">Lancashire Witch</a></i> (1828)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twin_Sisters_(locomotive)" title="Twin Sisters (locomotive)">Twin Sisters</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agenoria_(locomotive)" title="Agenoria (locomotive)">Agenoria</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stourbridge_Lion" title="Stourbridge Lion">Stourbridge Lion</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainhill_trials" title="Rainhill trials">1829 Rainhill Trials locomotives</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Novelty_(locomotive)" title="Novelty (locomotive)">Novelty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sans_Pareil" title="Sans Pareil">Sans Pareil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephenson%27s_Rocket" title="Stephenson's Rocket">Rocket</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(Rainhill_Trials)" title="Perseverance (Rainhill Trials)">Perseverance</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invicta_(locomotive)" title="Invicta (locomotive)">Invicta</a></i> (1829)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hackworth" title="Timothy Hackworth">Timothy Hackworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hedley" title="William Hedley">William Hedley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch" title="William Murdoch">William Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Murray" title="Matthew Murray">Matthew Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Urpeth_Rastrick" title="John Urpeth Rastrick">John Urpeth Rastrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Trevithick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_steam_road_vehicles" title="History of steam road vehicles">History of steam road vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Great_Britain_to_1830" title="History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830">History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steam_engines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steam_engine_configurations" title="Template:Steam engine configurations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steam_engine_configurations" title="Template talk:Steam engine configurations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steam_engine_configurations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steam engine configurations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steam_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">Steam engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating cycle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_engine" title="Cornish engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Valves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slide_valve" title="Slide valve">Slide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slide_valve#Murdoch's_D_slide_valve" title="Slide valve">D slide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_valve_(steam_engine)" title="Piston valve (steam engine)">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_beat_valve" title="Double beat valve">Drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corliss_steam_engine" title="Corliss steam engine">Corliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Poppet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_valve" title="Sleeve valve">Sleeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_valve" title="Bash valve">Bash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Valve_gear" title="Valve gear">Valve gear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gab_valve_gear" title="Gab valve gear">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Stephenson link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_valve_gear" title="Joy valve gear">Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walschaerts_valve_gear" title="Walschaerts valve gear">Walschaerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson_valve_gear#Allan_straight_link_valve_gear" title="Stephenson valve gear">Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_valve_gear" title="Baker valve gear">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corliss_steam_engine" title="Corliss steam engine">Corliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Lentz" title="Hugo Lentz">Lentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprotti_valve_gear" title="Caprotti valve gear">Caprotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresley_conjugated_valve_gear" title="Gresley conjugated valve gear">Gresley conjugated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_valve_gear" title="Southern valve gear">Southern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)" title="Mechanism (engineering)">Mechanisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract_(beam_engine)" title="Cataract (beam engine)">Cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_governor" title="Centrifugal governor">Centrifugal governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod#Steam_engines" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)" title="Crank (mechanism)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusi_couple" title="Tusi couple">Tusi couple</a> <a href="/wiki/Hypocycloidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocycloidal">hypocycloidal</a> <a href="/wiki/Straight_line_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight line mechanism">straight line mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Link chain">Link chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel motion">Parallel motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_chain" title="Roller chain">Plate chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine#Rotative_beam_engines" title="Beam engine">Rotative beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_planet_gear" title="Sun and planet gear">Sun and planet gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt%27s_linkage" title="Watt's linkage">Watt's linkage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">Boilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Simple boilers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haystack_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Haystack boiler">Haystack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagon_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagon boiler">Wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg-ended_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg-ended boiler">Egg-ended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Box boiler">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flued_boiler" title="Flued boiler">Flued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish boiler">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire boiler">Lancashire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Fire-tube_boiler" title="Fire-tube boiler">Fire-tube boilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotive boiler">Locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_marine_boiler" title="Scotch marine boiler">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch-type_boiler" title="Launch-type boiler">Launch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">Water-tube boilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_%26_Wilcox_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Babcock & Wilcox boiler">Babcock & Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-tube_boiler" title="Field-tube boiler">Field-tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_boiler" title="Sentinel boiler">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_boiler" title="Stirling boiler">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimble_tube_boiler" title="Thimble tube boiler">Thimble tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-drum_boiler" title="Three-drum boiler">Three-drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarrow_boiler" title="Yarrow boiler">Yarrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Boiler feed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feedwater_heater" title="Feedwater heater">Feedwater heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_feedwater_pump" title="Boiler feedwater pump">Feedwater pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injector" title="Injector">Injector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(locomotive)" title="Cylinder (locomotive)">Locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-_and_double-acting_cylinders" title="Single- and double-acting cylinders">Single- and double-acting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condensing_steam_locomotive" title="Condensing steam locomotive">Condensing steam locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_condenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet condenser">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchweger_condenser" title="Kirchweger condenser">Kirchweger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine#Separate_condenser" title="Watt steam engine">Watt's separate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen#After_Newcomen" title="Thomas Newcomen">"Pickle-pot"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_condenser" title="Surface condenser">Surface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(steam_engine)" title="Blowback (steam engine)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosshead" title="Crosshead">Crosshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutoff_(steam_engine)" title="Cutoff (steam engine)">Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_valve_(steam_engine)" title="Expansion valve (steam engine)">Expansion valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrolock" title="Hydrolock">Hydrolock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_connecting_rod_engine" title="Return connecting rod engine">Return connecting rod engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-column_beam_engine" title="Six-column beam engine">Six-column beam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_connecting_rod_engine#Steeple_engines" title="Return connecting rod engine">Steeple engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">Safety valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeple_compound_engine" title="Steeple compound engine">Steeple compound engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_fluid" title="Working fluid">Working fluid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine" title="History of the steam engine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine#Precursors" title="History of the steam engine">Precursors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savery" title="Thomas Savery">Savery Engine</a> (1698)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Newcomen engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_Memorial_Engine" title="Newcomen Memorial Engine">Newcomen Memorial Engine</a> (1725)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fairbottom_Bobs" title="Fairbottom Bobs">Fairbottom Bobs</a></i> (1760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsecar_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsecar Engine">Elsecar Engine</a> (1795)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinneil_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinneil Engine">Kinneil Engine</a> (1768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bess_(beam_engine)" title="Old Bess (beam engine)"><i>Old Bess</i></a> (1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheal_Busy" title="Wheal Busy">Chacewater Mine engine</a> (1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smethwick_Engine" title="Smethwick Engine">Smethwick Engine</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_(beam_engine)" title="Resolution (beam engine)"><i>Resolution</i></a> (1781)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine#Rotative_beam_engines" title="Beam engine">Rotative beam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soho_Manufactory#Steam_engines" title="Soho Manufactory">Soho Manufactory engine</a> (1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkinson_(industrialist)#Boring_machine_for_steam_engines" title="John Wilkinson (industrialist)">Bradley Works engine</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitbread_Engine" title="Whitbread Engine">Whitbread Engine</a> (1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine#Preserved_beam_engines" title="Beam engine">National Museum of Scotland engine</a> (1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_Engine" title="Lap Engine">Lap Engine</a> (1788)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine#High-pressure_engines" title="History of the steam engine">High-pressure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#High-pressure_engine">Richard Trevithick</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Puffing_Devil"><i>Puffing Devil</i></a> (1801)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#London_Steam_Carriage">London Steam Carriage</a> (1803)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Coalbrookdale_Locomotive">"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"</a> (1803)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#"Pen-y-Darren"_locomotive">"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive</a> (1804)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Woolf" title="Arthur Woolf">Woolf's compound engine</a> (1803)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Murray" title="Matthew Murray">Murray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray%27s_Hypocycloidal_Engine" title="Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine">Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine</a> (1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(locomotive)" title="Salamanca (locomotive)"><i>Salamanca</i></a> (1812)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_steam_engine" title="High-speed steam engine">High-speed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porter-Allen_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Porter-Allen engine">Porter-Allen</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_turbine" title="Ljungström turbine">Ljungström</a> (1908)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_steam_locomotive_components" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of steam locomotive components">Glossary of steam locomotive components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_steam_road_vehicles" title="History of steam road vehicles">History of steam road vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot#The_first_self-propelled_vehicle" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Cugnot's <i>fardier à vapeur</i></a> (1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch#Steam_powered_locomotion" title="William Murdoch">Murdoch's model steam carriage</a> (1784)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lean%27s_Engine_Reporter" title="Lean's Engine Reporter">Lean's Engine Reporter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steam_technology_patents" title="List of steam technology patents">List of steam technology patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_steam_technology" title="Advanced steam technology">Modern steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stationary_steam_engine" title="Stationary steam engine">Stationary steam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_steam_power" title="Timeline of steam power">Timeline of steam power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-returning_engine" title="Water-returning engine">Water-returning engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217157#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217157#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217157#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063185947">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42620219">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/188601/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvHgPWvDDqRqvQWkpwKVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117636177">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86872656">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p170738027">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810541149905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007271554205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1088682">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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