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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judith_Shakespeare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Judith Shakespeare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judith_Shakespeare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_a_history_of_women's_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_a_history_of_women's_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Building a history of women's writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_a_history_of_women's_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lesbianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lesbianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lesbianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lesbianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Androgyny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Androgyny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Androgyny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Androgyny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Adaptations and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>A Room of One's Own</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="غرفة تخص المرء وحده – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرفة تخص المرء وحده" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Una_cambra_pr%C3%B2pia" title="Una cambra pròpia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Una cambra pròpia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlastn%C3%AD_pokoj" title="Vlastní pokoj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlastní pokoj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Zimmer_f%C3%BCr_sich_allein" title="Ein Zimmer für sich allein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ein Zimmer für sich allein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Una_habitaci%C3%B3n_propia" title="Una habitación propia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Una habitación propia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gela_bat_norberarena" title="Gela bat norberarena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gela bat norberarena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF" title="اتاقی از آن خود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتاقی از آن خود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Une_chambre_%C3%A0_soi" title="Une chambre à soi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Une chambre à soi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_cuarto_de_seu" title="Un cuarto de seu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Un cuarto de seu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%A7%8C%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9" title="자기만의 방 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자기만의 방" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A8" title="Սեփական սենյակը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեփական սենյակը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rherbergi" title="Sérherbergi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sérherbergi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Una_stanza_tutta_per_s%C3%A9" title="Una stanza tutta per sé – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Una stanza tutta per sé" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9A" title="חדר משלך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חדר משלך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="საკუთარი ოთახი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საკუთარი ოთახი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeyek_ji_bo_xwe" title="Odeyek ji bo xwe – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Odeyek ji bo xwe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own" title="A Room of One's Own – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="A Room of One's Own" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et_eget_rom" title="Et eget rom – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Et eget rom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Una_cambra_per_se" title="Una cambra per se – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Una cambra per se" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82asny_pok%C3%B3j" title="Własny pokój – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Własny pokój" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own" title="A Room of One's Own – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A Room of One's Own" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%A9_%D8%A8%DB%86_%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%AA" title="ژوورێک بۆ خۆت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژوورێک بۆ خۆت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oma_huone" title="Oma huone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oma huone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ett_eget_rum" title="Ett eget rum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ett eget rum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendine_Ait_Bir_Oda" title="Kendine Ait Bir Oda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kendine Ait Bir Oda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Своя кімната – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Своя кімната" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81" title="خود کا ایک کمرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خود کا ایک کمرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%88%BF%E9%96%93" title="自己的房間 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自己的房間" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1204366#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Wisconsin bookstore, see <a href="/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own_(bookstore)" title="A Room of One's Own (bookstore)">A Room of One's Own (bookstore)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/A_Room_with_a_View" title="A Room with a View"><i>A Room with a View</i></a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.author=%5B%5BVirginia+Woolf%5D%5D&rft.date=September+1929&rft.pub=%5B%5BHogarth+Press%5D%5D%2C+England&rft.place=England&rft.pages=172+%28Hogarth+Press+first+edition%29&rft_id=info:oclcnum/470314057"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ARoomOfOnesOwn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/ARoomOfOnesOwn.jpg/200px-ARoomOfOnesOwn.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/ARoomOfOnesOwn.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="410" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition cover</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Bell" title="Vanessa Bell">Vanessa Bell</a> (first edition)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a>, women, literature, education</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth Press</a>, England, <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_(publisher)" title="Harcourt (publisher)">Harcourt Brace & Co.</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">September 1929</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">172 (Hogarth Press first edition)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/470314057">470314057</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>A Room of One's Own</b></i> is an extended essay by <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, first published in September 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work is based on two lectures Woolf delivered in October 1928 at <a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College</a>, women's colleges at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaumpp113-115_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaumpp113-115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her essay, Woolf uses metaphors to explore social injustices and comments on women's lack of free expression. Her metaphor of a fish explains her most essential point, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She writes of a woman whose thought had "let its line down into the stream".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the woman starts to think of an idea, a guard enforces a rule whereby women are not allowed to walk on the grass. Abiding by the rule, the woman loses her idea.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The essay was based on two papers Woolf read on 20 and 26 October 1928 to two Cambridge student societies, the Newnham Arts Society at Newnham College and the ODTAA Society ("One Damn Thing After Another") at Girton College, respectively. <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Duncan-Jones" title="Elsie Duncan-Jones">Elsie Duncan-Jones</a>, then known as Elsie Phare, was the president of the Newnham Arts Society at the time and wrote an account of the paper, "Women and Fiction", for the college magazine, <i>Thersites</i>. Woolf stayed at Newnham at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Pernel_Strachey" title="Pernel Strachey">Pernel Strachey</a>, the college principal, whose family were key members of the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a>. At Girton she was accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West" title="Vita Sackville-West">Vita Sackville-West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaumpp113-115_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaumpp113-115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was published in 1929 as a book with six chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 2025 <i>A Room of One's Own</i> entered the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_in_the_United_States" title="Public domain in the United States">public domain in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Four_Marys">The Four Marys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Four Marys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title of the essay comes from Woolf's conception that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The narrator of the work is referred to early on: "Here then was I (call me <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beaton" title="Mary Beaton">Mary Beton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Seton" title="Mary Seton">Mary Seton</a>, Mary Carmichael or by any name you please—it is not a matter of any importance)".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19358_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf19358-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Marys were <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">ladies-in-waiting</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>; they – along with Mary Carmichael – are also characters in a 16th-century Scottish ballad, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hamilton" title="Mary Hamilton">Mary Hamilton</a>, about a lady-in-waiting who is facing execution for having had a child with the King, a child she killed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_access_to_education"><span id="Women.27s_access_to_education"></span>Women's access to education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Women's access to education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg/180px-Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg/270px-Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg/360px-Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption>Woolf in 1927</figcaption></figure> <p>The essay examines whether women were capable of producing, and in fact free to produce, work of the quality of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, addressing the limitations that past and present women writers face.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193579_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193579-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Woolf's father, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Sir Leslie Stephen</a>, in line with the thinking of the era, believed that only the boys of the family should be sent to school. In delivering the lectures outlined in the essay, Woolf is speaking to women who have the opportunity to learn in a formal setting. She moves her audience to understand the importance of their education, while warning them of the precariousness of their position in society. She sums up the stark contrast between how women are idealised in fiction written by men, and how patriarchal society has treated them in real life: </p> <blockquote><p>Women have burnt like beacons in all the works of all the poets from the beginning of time. Indeed if woman had no existence save in the fiction written by men, one would imagine her a person of the utmost importance; very various; heroic and mean; splendid and sordid; beautiful and hideous in the extreme; as great as a man, some would say greater. But this is woman in fiction. In fact, as Professor Trevelyan points out, she was locked up, beaten and flung about the room. A very queer, composite being thus emerges. Imaginatively she is of the highest importance; practically she is completely insignificant. She pervades poetry from cover to cover; she is all but absent from history. She dominates the lives of kings and conquerors in fiction; in fact she was the slave of any boy whose parents forced a ring upon her finger. Some of the most inspired words and profound thoughts in literature fall from her lips; in real life she could hardly read; scarcely spell; and was the property of her husband.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193564–66_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193564–66-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judith_Shakespeare">Judith Shakespeare</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judith Shakespeare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about a fictional character. For the real-life individual, see <a href="/wiki/Judith_Quiney" title="Judith Quiney">Judith Quiney</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg/240px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg/360px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg/480px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Newnham_College_dining_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham College, Cambridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In one section Woolf invents a fictional character, Judith, Shakespeare's sister, to illustrate that a woman with Shakespeare's gifts would have been denied the opportunity to develop them. Like Woolf, who stayed at home while her brothers went off to school, Judith is trapped in the home: "She was as adventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. But she was not sent to school."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While William learns, Judith is chastised by her parents should she happen to pick up a book, as she is inevitably abandoning some household chore to which she could be attending. Judith is betrothed, and when she does not want to marry, her father beats her, then shames her into the marriage. While William establishes himself, Judith is trapped by what is expected of women. She runs away from home to London, is harassed and laughed at when she tries to become an actor, and is finally made pregnant by an actor-manager who said he would help her. She kills herself and "lies buried at some cross-roads where the omnibuses now stop outside the <a href="/wiki/Elephant_and_Castle#Name" title="Elephant and Castle">Elephant and Castle</a>". William lives on and establishes his legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571–73_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571–73-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_a_history_of_women's_writing"><span id="Building_a_history_of_women.27s_writing"></span>Building a history of women's writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Building a history of women's writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girton_College,_Cambridge,_England,_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_England%2C_1890s.jpg/240px-Girton_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_England%2C_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_England%2C_1890s.jpg/360px-Girton_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_England%2C_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_England%2C_1890s.jpg/480px-Girton_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_England%2C_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College, Cambridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the essay, Woolf constructs a critical and historical account of women writers thus far. Woolf examines the careers of several female authors, including <a href="/wiki/Aphra_Behn" title="Aphra Behn">Aphra Behn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_family" title="Brontë family">Brontë</a> sisters, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Finch,_Countess_of_Winchilsea" title="Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea">Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>. In addition to female authors, Woolf also discusses and draws inspiration from noted scholar and feminist <a href="/wiki/Jane_Ellen_Harrison" title="Jane Ellen Harrison">Jane Ellen Harrison</a>. Harrison is presented in the essay only by her initials separated by long dashes, and Woolf first introduces Harrison as "the famous scholar, could it be J---- H---- herself?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Woolf also discusses <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_West" title="Rebecca West">Rebecca West</a>, questioning <a href="/wiki/Desmond_MacCarthy" title="Desmond MacCarthy">Desmond MacCarthy</a>'s (referred to as "Z") uncompromising dismissal of West as an "'arrant feminist'".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the men attacked for their views on women, <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead</a> (referred to as "Lord Birkenhead") is mentioned, although Woolf further rebukes his ideas in stating she will not "trouble to copy out Lord Birkenhead's opinion upon the writing of women".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birkenhead was an opponent of suffrage.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The essay quotes <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Browning" title="Oscar Browning">Oscar Browning</a>, through the words of his (possibly inaccurate) biographer <a href="/wiki/H._E._Wortham" class="mw-redirect" title="H. E. Wortham">H. E. Wortham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "that the impression left on his mind, after looking over any set of examination papers, was that, irrespective of the marks he might give, the best woman was intellectually the inferior of the worst man".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580–81_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580–81-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lesbianism">Lesbianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lesbianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woolf wrote in her diary before <i>A Room of One's Own</i> was published that she thought when it was published she would be "attacked for a feminist & hinted at for a <a href="/wiki/Sapphist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapphist">sapphist</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one section of the book, describing the work of a fictional woman writer, Mary Carmichael, Woolf deliberately invokes lesbianism: "Then may I tell you that the very next words I read were these – 'Chloe liked Olivia ...' Do not start. Do not blush. Let us admit in the privacy of our own society that these things sometimes happen. Sometimes women do like women."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woolf references the obscenity trial and public uproar resulting from the publishing of <a href="/wiki/Radclyffe_Hall" title="Radclyffe Hall">Radclyffe Hall</a>'s lesbian-themed novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Well_of_Loneliness" title="The Well of Loneliness">The Well of Loneliness</a></i> (1928). Before she can discuss Chloe liking Olivia, the narrator has to be assured that Sir <a href="/wiki/Chartres_Biron" title="Chartres Biron">Chartres Biron</a>, the magistrate of Hall's obscenity trial, is not in the audience: "Are there no men present? Do you promise the figure of Sir Chartres Biron is not concealed? We are all women, you assure me? Then I may tell you ..."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Woolf scholar and feminist critic <a href="/wiki/Jane_Marcus" title="Jane Marcus">Jane Marcus</a> believes Woolf was giving Radclyffe Hall and other writers a demonstration of how to discuss lesbianism discreetly enough to avoid obscenity trials; "Woolf was offering her besieged fellow writer a lesson in how to give a lesbian talk and write a lesbian work and get away with it."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Androgyny">Androgyny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Androgyny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marilyn R. Farwell has shed light on the difficulty around understanding androgyny in Woolf's work. Nancy Topping Bazin defines Woolf's concept of androgyny as "the masculine and feminine should be balanced but not fused." In her definition, Bazin reveals an important debate in understanding androgyny: whether to see it as a balance or fusion of two parts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some critics describe Woolf's concept of androgyny as a balance between various poles: intuition and reason, subjectivity and objectivity, anima and animus, heterosexuality and homosexuality, and manic and depressive. Androgyny in a writer translates to accepting both intuition and rationality as a way to knowledge. The interpretation of androgyny as balance would imply validating many voices and perceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, seeing androgyny as a fusion would validate only a single mode of knowing. Farwell argues that since "the universal is most often identified with whatever is male, this definition can be and has been another means for demanding that a woman write like a man." Farwell interprets Woolf's ambivalence in defining androgyny from fear of being called a feminist.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> responded to Woolf's observation that only women with 'a room of their own' are in a position to write. Woolf herself was making the point that not all women in her society had such a safe space, but Walker continues the conversation by discussing the further exclusions suffered by women of colour. In <i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Our_Mothers%27_Gardens:_Womanist_Prose" class="mw-redirect" title="In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose">In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose</a></i>, Walker writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Virginia Woolf, in her book <i>A Room of One's Own</i>, wrote that in order for a woman to write fiction she must have two things, certainly: a room of her own (with key and lock) and enough money to support herself. What then are we to make of <a href="/wiki/Phillis_Wheatley" title="Phillis Wheatley">Phillis Wheatley</a>, a slave, who owned not even herself? This sickly, frail, Black girl who required a servant of her own at times—her health was so precarious—and who, had she been white, would have been easily considered the intellectual superior of all the women and most of the men in the society of her day.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations_and_influence">Adaptations and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adaptations and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A Room of One's Own</i> was adapted as a play by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Garland" title="Patrick Garland">Patrick Garland</a> that premiered in 1989 with <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Atkins" title="Eileen Atkins">Eileen Atkins</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a television adaptation of that play was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterpiece Theatre">Masterpiece Theatre</a></i> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ann_Lamkin" title="Patricia Ann Lamkin">Patricia Lamkin</a>'s play <i>Balancing the Moon</i> (2011) was inspired by the essay.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of cultural ventures have been named after <i>A Room of One's Own</i>. In 1975 the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> bookstore <a href="/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own_(bookstore)" title="A Room of One's Own (bookstore)">A Room of One's Own</a> was founded by five women as a <a href="/wiki/Feminist_bookstore" title="Feminist bookstore">feminist bookstore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A literary journal launched in Vancouver, Canada in 1975 by the West Coast Feminist Literary Magazine Society, or the Growing Room Collective, was originally called <i>Room of One's Own</i> but changed to <i><a href="/wiki/Room_(magazine)" title="Room (magazine)">Room</a></i> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Leather_Archives_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Leather Archives and Museum">Leather Archives and Museum</a>, founded in 1991,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had in 2016 an exhibit called A Room of Her Own, about which curator Alex Warner has written, "As I began work for the first exhibit installation of the Women's Leather History Project, I was excited that we were both literally and figuratively making room for Leatherwomen's history in the LA&M. It was out of this line of thinking that "A Room of Her Own" emerged, building on Virginia Woolf's 1929 feminist text that argues for women's need for space to think and create".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feminism:_The_Essential_Historical_Writings" title="Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings">Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings</a></i> (1972), a notable anthology in which <i>A Room of One's Own</i> is included</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde%27s_100_Books_of_the_Century" title="Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century"><i>Le Monde</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> 100 Books of the Century</a>, which lists <i>A Room of One's Own</i> as number 69</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Yestreen the Queen had four Maries / This nicht she'll hae but three, O / There was Mary Beaton, and Mary Seaton / And Mary Carmichael, and me, O."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWoolf1935" class="citation book cs1">Woolf, Virginia (1935) [1929]. <i>A Room of One's Own</i>. London: Hogarth Press. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Room+of+One%27s+Own&rft.place=London&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Hogarth+Press&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> For a different date, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uah.edu/woolf/roompubhistory.html">"FAQ: A Room of One's Own Publication History"</a>. <i>Virginia Woolf Seminar</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville" title="University of Alabama in Huntsville">University of Alabama in Huntsville</a>. 20 January 1998. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6D9Ucc8cG?url=http://www.uah.edu/woolf/roompubhistory.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Woolf+Seminar&rft.atitle=FAQ%3A+A+Room+of+One%27s+Own+Publication+History&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1998-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uah.edu%2Fwoolf%2Froompubhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19355_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenbaumpp113-115-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenbaumpp113-115_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenbaumpp113-115_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum1998" class="citation book cs1">Rosenbaum, S. P. (1998). <i>Aspects of Bloomsbury: Studies in Modern English Literary and Intellectual History</i>. Hounsmill: MacMillan Press Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">113–</span>115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Bloomsbury%3A+Studies+in+Modern+English+Literary+and+Intellectual+History&rft.place=Hounsmill&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.pub=MacMillan+Press+Ltd.&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woolf, Virginia. <i>A Room of One's Own</i>. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_(publisher)" title="Harcourt (publisher)">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</a>, 1991. pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tullberg, Rita McWilliams (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/48467">"Strachey, (Joan) Pernel (1876–1951)"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/works/a-room-of-ones-own">"<i>A Room of One's Own</i>"</a>, British Library.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinsBoyle" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Jennifer; Boyle, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/publicdomainday/2025/">"Public Domain Day 2025"</a>. Duke's Center for the Study of the Public Domain.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Domain+Day+2025&rft.pub=Duke%27s+Center+for+the+Study+of+the+Public+Domain&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Boyle%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.law.duke.edu%2Fcspd%2Fpublicdomainday%2F2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf19358-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf19358_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shiach, Morag (ed.) (2008). "Introduction", in Virginia Woolf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CoP1GxjoNnsC"><i>A Room of One's Own: And, Three Guineas</i></a>. Oxford University Press, p. 5. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192834843" title="Special:BookSources/9780192834843">9780192834843</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bronson, Bertrand (ed.) (2015). <i>The Singing Tradition of Child's Popular Ballads (Abridgement)</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193579-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193579_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193564–66-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193564–66_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, pp. 64–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571–73-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193571–73_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, pp. 71–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193526_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731104444/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/support/the-churchill-centre/publications/finest-hour/issues-109-to-144/no-139/836-cover-story-the-friendship-between-churchill-and-fe-smith">"The Friendship Between Churchill and F. E. Smith"</a>. The Churchill Center and Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/support/the-churchill-centre/publications/finest-hour/issues-109-to-144/no-139/836-cover-story-the-friendship-between-churchill-and-fe-smith">the original</a> on 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Friendship+Between+Churchill+and+F.+E.+Smith&rft.pub=The+Churchill+Center+and+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Fsupport%2Fthe-churchill-centre%2Fpublications%2Ffinest-hour%2Fissues-109-to-144%2Fno-139%2F836-cover-story-the-friendship-between-churchill-and-fe-smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoad2003" class="citation web cs1">Moad, Rosalind (21 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223012818/http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/04022301.html">"A list of The Papers of Oscar Browning, held by King's College Archive Centre, Cambridge"</a>. The Archives Hub. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/04022301.html">the original</a> on 23 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+list+of+The+Papers+of+Oscar+Browning%2C+held+by+King%27s+College+Archive+Centre%2C+Cambridge&rft.pub=The+Archives+Hub&rft.date=2003-03-21&rft.aulast=Moad&rft.aufirst=Rosalind&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archiveshub.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F04022301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580–81-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf193580–81_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEileen_BarrettPatricia_Cramer1997" class="citation book cs1">Eileen Barrett; Patricia Cramer (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JNQyMMwYVCwC&pg=PA218"><i>Virginia Woolf: Lesbian Readings</i></a>. NYU Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-1263-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-1263-4"><bdi>978-0-8147-1263-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virginia+Woolf%3A+Lesbian+Readings&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-1263-4&rft.au=Eileen+Barrett&rft.au=Patricia+Cramer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJNQyMMwYVCwC%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_MajumdarAllen_McLaurin2003" class="citation book cs1">Robin Majumdar; Allen McLaurin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IznJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22"><i>Virginia Woolf</i></a>. Routledge. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-72404-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-72404-8"><bdi>978-1-134-72404-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virginia+Woolf&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-72404-8&rft.au=Robin+Majumdar&rft.au=Allen+McLaurin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIznJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf1935123_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf1935">Woolf 1935</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramer2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cramer, Patricia (2005). "Jane Harrison and Lesbian Plots: The Absent Lover in Virginia Woolf's <i>The Waves</i>". <i>Studies in the Novel</i>. <b>37</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">443–</span>463. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29533720">29533720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+the+Novel&rft.atitle=Jane+Harrison+and+Lesbian+Plots%3A+The+Absent+Lover+in+Virginia+Woolf%27s+The+Waves&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E443-%3C%2Fspan%3E463&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29533720%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cramer&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcus, Jane (1996). <i>Virginia Woolf, Cambridge and A Room of One's Own: 'The Proper Upkeep of Names<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i>. London: Cecil Woolf Publishers, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarwell1975" class="citation journal cs1">Farwell, Marilyn (1975). "Virginia Woolf and Androgyny". <i>Contemporary Literature</i>. <b>16</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">433–</span>436.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Literature&rft.atitle=Virginia+Woolf+and+Androgyny&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E433-%3C%2Fspan%3E436&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Farwell&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2004" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alice (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofourmot00walk_2/page/235"><i>In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose</i></a></span>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofourmot00walk_2/page/235">235</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780156028646" title="Special:BookSources/9780156028646"><bdi>9780156028646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Our+Mothers%27+Gardens%3A+Womanist+Prose&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780156028646&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofourmot00walk_2%2Fpage%2F235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale,_Cengage_Learning2015" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Cengage Learning (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BFiqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT11"><i>A Study Guide to Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own</i></a>. Gale, Cengage Learning. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4103-3526-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4103-3526-5"><bdi>978-1-4103-3526-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Study+Guide+to+Virginia+Woolf%27s+A+Room+of+One%27s+Own&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Gale%2C+Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4103-3526-5&rft.au=Gale%2C+Cengage+Learning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBFiqCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bufvc.ac.uk/shakespeare/index.php/title/av66923">"Room of One's Own, A · British Universities Film & Video Council"</a>. Bufvc.ac.uk. 6 January 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Room+Magazine&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roommagazine.com%2Ffaq-page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_BensonL.W._Conolly2004" class="citation book cs1">Eugene Benson; L.W. Conolly (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGfMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA897"><i>Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English</i></a>. Routledge. p. 897. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-46848-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-46848-5"><bdi>978-1-134-46848-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Post-Colonial+Literatures+in+English&rft.pages=897&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-134-46848-5&rft.au=Eugene+Benson&rft.au=L.W.+Conolly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnGfMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leatherarchives.org/about/about-the-la-m">"About the LA&M – Leather Archives & Museum"</a>. Leatherarchives.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+LA%26M+%E2%80%93+Leather+Archives+%26+Museum&rft.pub=Leatherarchives.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleatherarchives.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-the-la-m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404082710/https://leatherarchives.org/a-room-of-her-own">"A Room of Her Own – Leather Archives & Museum"</a>. Leatherarchives.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Room+of+Her+Own+%E2%80%93+Leather+Archives+%26+Museum&rft.pub=Leatherarchives.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230404082710%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fleatherarchives.org%2Fa-room-of-her-own&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/2016/9/15/deep-leather-archives-photos#rebelltitem29">"Deep in the Leather Archives (Photos)"</a>. <i>www.advocate.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.advocate.com&rft.atitle=Deep+in+the+Leather+Archives+%28Photos%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.advocate.com%2Farts-entertainment%2F2016%2F9%2F15%2Fdeep-leather-archives-photos%23rebelltitem29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Room+of+One%27s+Own" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Room_of_One%27s_Own&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucbk.ark:/28722/h2j960j8h&seq=7">Full text of <i>A Room of One's Own</i></a> at HathiTrust Digital Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200791h.html">Full text of <i>A Room of One's Own</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Project Gutenberg Australia</a>, in one page for easy searching</li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=A+Room+of+One's+Own&author=Woolf&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>A Room of One's Own</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li>Longworth, Deborah (1 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NA3bMh9T4q4">"Virginia Woolf and Feminist Aesthetics"</a>, lecture on <i>A Room of One's Own</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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Acts</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mark_on_the_Wall" title="The Mark on the Wall">The Mark on the Wall</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_(short_story)" title="Kew Gardens (short story)">Kew Gardens</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monday_or_Tuesday" title="Monday or Tuesday">Monday or Tuesday</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_String_Quartet" title="The String Quartet">The String Quartet</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_New_Dress_(short_story)" title="The New Dress (short story)">The New Dress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Duchess_and_the_Jeweller" title="The Duchess and the Jeweller">The Duchess and the Jeweller</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Haunted_House_and_Other_Short_Stories" title="A Haunted House and Other Short Stories">A 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Past</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk%27s_House" title="Monk's House">Monk's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_hoax" title="Dreadnought hoax"><i>Dreadnought</i> hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf (husband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Stephen" title="Julia Stephen">Julia Stephen (mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Leslie Stephen (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Bell" title="Vanessa Bell">Vanessa Bell (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoby_Stephen" title="Thoby Stephen">Thoby Stephen (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Stephen" title="Adrian Stephen">Adrian Stephen (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(novel)" title="The Hours (novel)"><i>The Hours</i> (novel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)"><i>The Hours</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(opera)" title="The Hours (opera)"><i>The Hours</i> (opera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Diary_of_Virginia_Woolf" title="From the Diary of Virginia Woolf"><i>From the Diary of Virginia Woolf</i> (song cycle)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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