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<span>Legislative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Albania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سياسة ألبانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياسة ألبانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Палітыка Албаніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палітыка Албаніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Държавно устройство на Албания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавно устройство на Албания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_Albanije" title="Politika Albanije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Politika Albanije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m_Alb%C3%A1nie" title="Politický systém Albánie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politický systém Albánie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisches_System_Albaniens" title="Politisches System Albaniens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politisches System Albaniens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πολιτική της Αλβανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτική της Αλβανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Albania" title="Política de Albania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Política de Albania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_en_Albanie" title="Politique en Albanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique en Albanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politica_dell%27Albania" title="Politica dell'Albania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Politica dell'Albania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="פוליטיקה של אלבניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליטיקה של אלבניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ალბანეთის პოლიტიკური სისტემა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბანეთის პოლიტიკური სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alb%C3%A1nia_%C3%A1llamszervezete_%C3%A9s_k%C3%B6zigazgat%C3%A1sa" title="Albánia államszervezete és közigazgatása – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albánia államszervezete és közigazgatása" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustr%C3%B3j_polityczny_Albanii" title="Ustrój polityczny Albanii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ustrój polityczny Albanii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_da_Alb%C3%A2nia" title="Política da Albânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Política da Albânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_shtet%C3%ABror_n%C3%AB_Shqip%C3%ABri" title="Sistemi shtetëror në Shqipëri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi shtetëror në Shqipëri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_Albanije" title="Politika Albanije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Politika Albanije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albaniens_statsskick" title="Albaniens statsskick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albaniens statsskick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnavutluk%27ta_siyaset" title="Arnavutluk'ta siyaset – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arnavutluk'ta siyaset" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Політика Албанії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Політика Албанії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="阿尔巴尼亚政治 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔巴尼亚政治" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of Albania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Executive_branch">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Albania" title="List of heads of state of Albania">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania#List" title="Prime Minister of Albania">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Albania">Deputy Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belinda_Balluku" title="Belinda Balluku">Belinda Balluku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Albania#Officeholders_(1912–present)" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Albania">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Cabinet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Legislative_branch">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindita_Nikolla" title="Lindita Nikolla">Lindita Nikolla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania#List_of_speakers_(1920–present)" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania#Committees" title="Parliament of Albania">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_parliament_of_Albania,_2009%E2%80%932013" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the parliament of Albania, 2009–2013">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Albania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Albania)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Judicial_branch">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Albania" title="Constitutional Court of Albania">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li>Administrative Court</li> <li>Court of Justice <span style="font-size:85%;">(ordinary jurisdiction)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Albania" title="Supreme Court of Albania">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Albania" title="List of cities and towns in Albania">Cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Albania" title="Villages of Albania">Villages</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><u>Recent elections</u></li> <li>Presidential</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2012 Albanian presidential election">2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2017 Albanian presidential election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2022 Albanian presidential election">2022</a></li></ul></div></li> <li>Parliamentary</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2017 Albanian parliamentary election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Albanian parliamentary election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="Next Albanian parliamentary election"><i>next</i></a></li></ul></div></li> <li>Local</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Albanian_local_elections" title="2015 Albanian local elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Albanian_local_elections" title="2019 Albanian local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Albanian_local_elections" title="2023 Albanian local elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><u>Referendums</u></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Albanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1994 Albanian constitutional referendum">1994</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_monarchy_referendum" title="1997 Albanian monarchy referendum">1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Albanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1998 Albanian constitutional referendum">1998</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania"><u>Political parties</u></a></li> <li>Parliamentary</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">PD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">PS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Movement_for_Integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Movement for Integration">LSI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Justice,_Integration_and_Unity" title="Party for Justice, Integration and Unity">PDIU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Spirit" title="New Democratic Spirit">FRD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Albania" title="Republican Party of Albania">PR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Unity_for_Human_Rights_Party" title="Unity for Human Rights Party">PBDNJ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Libra_Party" title="Libra Party">LIBRA</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(Albania)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (Albania)">Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(Albania)#Officeholders_(1912–present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs (Albania)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Igli_Hasani" title="Igli Hasani">Igli Hasani</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Albania" title="List of diplomatic missions of Albania">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Albania" title="List of diplomatic missions in Albania">in Albania</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Albanian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Albanian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Albania" title="Visa policy of Albania">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Albania" title="Template:Politics of Albania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Albania" title="Template talk:Politics of Albania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Albania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Albania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">constitutional republic</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">president of Albania</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Albania">prime minister of Albania</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. The executive power is exercised by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Albania">Government</a> and the prime minister with its <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Albania">Cabinet</a>. Legislative power is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament of Albania</a>. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system of Albania is laid out in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">1998 constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliament adopted the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">constitution</a> on 28 November 1998. Historically Albania has had many constitutions. Initially constituted as a <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">monarchy</a> in 1913, Albania became briefly a <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Republic">republic</a> in 1925, and then a <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–39)">authoritarian monarchy</a> in 1928. In 1939 Albania was invaded by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Fascist Italian</a> forces, imposing a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a>, and later occupied by <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Nazi German</a> forces. Following the partisan liberation from the Nazis in 1944 a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Government_of_Albania" title="Democratic Government of Albania">provisional government</a> was formed, which by 1946 had transformed into a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">communist one-party state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1991 democracy was restored with multi-party elections.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">president</a> represents the unity of the <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian people</a> in the country and abroad as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and is also the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Albania">military</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president is nominated through a <a href="/wiki/Secret_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret vote">secret vote</a> and without debate by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament of Albania</a> by a majority of three-fifths of all its members and is in every case elected for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president maintains regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of Albania and appoints prime ministers on the basis of the balance of power in the Parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">prime minister</a> is appointed by the president after each <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">parliamentary election</a> and must have the confidence of the Parliament stay in office. The prime minister is elected on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, through a <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a>, for a four-year <a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">term</a>. The constitution sets no limit as to office terms of the prime minister. The prime minister is <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics. However, in the absence of the prime minister, the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Albania">deputy prime minister</a> takes over his functions, such as chairing the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Albania">cabinet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of Albania">council of ministers</a> of Albania. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral legislature">unicameral legislative</a> body of Albania. It is vested in both the government as well as in the parliament. The number of representatives is 140, which are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The oldest parliament with extant records was held on 2 March 1444, forged in <a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB" title="Lezhë">Lezhë</a> under <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Kastrioti" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjergj Kastrioti">Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu</a> as the leader against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1991, the introduction of pluralism, the party system is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic</a> and the post-communist <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Parliamentary elections</a> are held every four years, the most recent in <a href="/wiki/2021_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Albanian parliamentary election">2021</a>. In April 2021 parliamentary <a href="/wiki/2021_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Albanian parliamentary election">election</a>, ruling Socialist Party, led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a>, secured its third consecutive victory, winning nearly half of votes and enough seats in parliament to govern alone.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2022, Albania's Constitutional Court overturned parliament's impeachment of President <a href="/wiki/Ilir_Meta" title="Ilir Meta">Ilir Meta</a>, opponent of the ruling Socialist Party.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albania is a member state of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> and also an <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">official candidate</a> for membership in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> rated Albania a "<a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index#Definitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">flawed democracy</a>" in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-democracy-index_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-democracy-index-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> with "free and fair elections" in place.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive">Executive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Albania">Deputy Prime Minister</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Cabinet of Albania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirana,_consiglio_dei_ministri,_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tirana%2C_consiglio_dei_ministri%2C_02.JPG/220px-Tirana%2C_consiglio_dei_ministri%2C_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tirana%2C_consiglio_dei_ministri%2C_02.JPG/330px-Tirana%2C_consiglio_dei_ministri%2C_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tirana%2C_consiglio_dei_ministri%2C_02.JPG/440px-Tirana%2C_consiglio_dei_ministri%2C_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Albania)" title="Prime Minister's Office (Albania)">Kryeministria</a> serves as the office and residence of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a>. It is also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Council of Ministers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanian_president.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Albanian_president.jpg/220px-Albanian_president.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Albanian_president.jpg/330px-Albanian_president.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Albanian_president.jpg/440px-Albanian_president.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Office_Building,_Tirana" title="Presidential Office Building, Tirana">Presidential Office</a>, the official workplace of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> in 1912, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> has experienced different models of governance, including an international protectorate, a monarchy, a state-party regime and the parliamentary republic as well. Throughout all this period, the function of the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> has been exercised in various forms. </p><p>Nowadays, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President of Albania</a> <i>(Presidenti)</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">military</a> and the representative of the unity of the <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president is <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirectly elected</a> to a five-year <a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">term</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a> by <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret vote</a>, requiring a three-fifths majority of the votes of all members. The president has the power to guarantee observation of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a> and all laws, act as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albanian Armed Forces</a>, exercise the duties of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a>, when the Parliament is not in session, and appoint the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a>. The president has the power to declare war, to grant pardon and to conclude agreements of peace, alliance, and participation in international organizations; upon the request of the government a simple parliamentary majority is required to ratify such actions, agreements, or treaties. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Albania">prime minister of Albania</a> <i>(Kryeministri)</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a>, the prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in the Albanian <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. The prime minister is appointed by the president; ministers are nominated by the president as well on the basis of the prime minister's recommendation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_ministers_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of ministers Albania">Council of Ministers</a> is responsible for carrying out both <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">foreign</a> and domestic policies. It directs and controls the activities of the ministries and other state organs. The <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Albania">deputy prime minister of Albania</a> <i>(Zëvendëskryeministri)</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">deputy</a> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. In the absence of the prime minister, the deputy prime minister takes over his functions, such as chairing the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Albania">Cabinet</a> and the Council of Ministers. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td>24 July 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party</a> </td> <td>13 September 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Albania">Deputy Prime Minister</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Balluku" title="Belinda Balluku">Belinda Balluku</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party</a> </td> <td>28 August 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative">Legislative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament of Albania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_(by_Pudelek).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_%28by_Pudelek%29.jpg/220px-Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_%28by_Pudelek%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_%28by_Pudelek%29.jpg/330px-Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_%28by_Pudelek%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_%28by_Pudelek%29.jpg/440px-Tirana_-_Albanian_National_Assembly_%28by_Pudelek%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="2197" /></a><figcaption>The Kuvendi serves as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament of Albania</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament of Albania</a> <i>(Kuvendi i Shqipërisë)</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> legislative body. It is composed of not less than 140 members <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a> to a four-year <a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">term</a> on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a>. As of Article 45 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a>, which guarantees the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to vote">right to vote</a>, the people of Albania exercise their power through their elected <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">representatives</a> in the Parliament. When the Parliament is elected, the first session shall be held no later than 20 days after the completion of elections with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">president</a> as the speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 15 permanent committees. Extraordinary meets can be called by the president, by the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Parliament of Albania">Chairperson of the Parliament</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">prime minister</a> or by the one fifth of the members. Decisions are made based on a majority vote if more than half of the members are present, except in cases where the Constitution provides for a special majority. As specified by the current electoral legislation in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, 140 members of the Parliament are elected in multi-seat <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">constituencies</a>. Within any constituency, parties must meet a threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Albania_electoral_code_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albania_electoral_code-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All laws passed by the Parliament are published through the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Official_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Official Journal">Fletorja Zyrtare</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Official_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Official journal">official journal</a> of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Parliament of Albania">chairperson of the Parliament</a> <i>(Kryetar i Kuvendit)</i> is the presiding officer of the Parliament and is elected by the members of the Parliament. The official function is to moderate <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a>, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the chamber or house. When the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">president</a> is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising its powers, the chairperson takes over his functions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Judiciary of Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution of Albania</a></div> <p>Albania follows the civil law tradition, which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">French law</a> system. It has a three-tiered, independent judicial system governed by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">constitution</a> and national legislation enacted by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a>. The judicial branch of Albania is divided into three main institutions; the 'Highest Courts', which includes the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Albania" title="Supreme Court of Albania">Supreme Court</a> (Gjykata e Lartë) and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Albania" title="Constitutional Court of Albania">Constitutional Court</a> (Gjykata Kushtetuese), the 'Intermediate Courts' such as the <a href="/wiki/Appeals_courts_of_Albania" title="Appeals courts of Albania">Courts of Appeal</a> (Gjykata e Apelit), Court of Appeals against corruption and organized crime (Gjykata e Apelit kundër Korrupsionit dhe Krimit të Organizuar), and the Administrative Court of Appeals (Gjykata Administrative e Apelit) as well as the 'First Instance Courts' such as the <a href="/wiki/District_courts_in_Albania" title="District courts in Albania">District Courts</a> (Gjykata e Juridksionit të Përgjithshëm) and the Court of First Instance against corruption and organized crime (Gjykata e Shkallës së Parë kundër Korrupsionit dhe Krimit të Organizuar). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Albania" title="Supreme Court of Albania">Supreme Court</a> is the highest court of appeal in Albania; its hearings are open and judgments are made publicly, except in cases where the privacy of the accused is to be protected. It is composed of nineteen judges such as the president of the Supreme Court and eightteen members of the Supreme Court. The judges are selected and appointed amongst judges with more than 10 years of seniority or prominent lawyers, who have exercised their activity for more than 15 years. The members can serve for a single term of nine years, without the right of reappointment. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Albania" title="Constitutional Court of Albania">Constitutional Court</a> is the final authority for the interpretation of the Constitution and the compliance of laws in accordance with the constitution. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections in Albania</a></div> <p>Following the collapse of the communist regime in the nation, the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Constitutional_Assembly_election,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Constitutional Assembly election, 1991">first multi-party elections</a> were held in 1991, simultaneously with the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Constitutional_Assembly_election,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Constitutional Assembly election, 1991">1991 parliamentary elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1998 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution of Albania</a> guarantees the right to vote without restriction due to sex, race, social status, education level, or wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian citizen</a> who has reached the age of 18 has the right to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular elections take place for the office of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative elections in Albania">parliamentary</a>, county prefects, county assemblies, city and municipal mayors and city and municipal councils. </p><p>The president is elected through a <a href="/wiki/Secret_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret vote">secret vote</a> and without debate by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a> by a majority of three-fifths majority of all its members, for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a> sets a limit to a maximum of two terms in office.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliament is elected to a four-year term in twelve multi-seat constituencies analogous to the 12 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">county</a> borders, with amendments to achieve a uniform number of eligible voters in each constituency to within 3%. Within the constituencies, seats are elected by <a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">closed list</a> <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, with an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a> of 3% for parties and 5% for alliances.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seats were allocated to alliances using the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_system" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Hondt system">d'Hondt system</a>, then to political parties using the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Lagu%C3%AB_method" title="Sainte-Laguë method">Sainte-Laguë method</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ipu_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipu-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The county prefects and city and municipal mayors are elected to four-year terms by majority of votes cast within applicable local government units. A runoff election is held if no candidate achieves a majority in the first round of voting. Members of county, city, and municipal councils are also elected to four-year terms through <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parties">Parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">List of political parties in Albania</a></div> <p>Albania has a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-party">multi-party</a> system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must collaborate in order to form <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition governments</a>. The two major parties are the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party of Albania</a> (PS) and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a> (PD). Albania also has a number of minor parties. Following is a list of political parties with elected representation at the national level in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliament</a> following the general <a href="/wiki/2021_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Albanian parliamentary election">parliamentary elections</a> of 2021. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Name </th> <th>Abbr. </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th>Leader </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Seats</a></i> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #7D1EB4"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party of Albania</a><br /><small><i>Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë</i></small> </td> <td>PS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a> </td> <td align="right">74 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #00529C"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a> </td> <td>PD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a> </td> <td align="right">59 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #D51920"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Albania" title="Freedom Party of Albania">Freedom Party of Albania</a> </td> <td>PL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilir_Meta" title="Ilir Meta">Ilir Meta</a> </td> <td align="right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #0C5D34"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Social Democratic Party of Albania">Social Democratic Party</a></td> <td>PSD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">Centre-left</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Doshi" title="Tom Doshi">Tom Doshi</a> </td> <td align="right">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFF05"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legality_Movement_Party" title="Legality Movement Party">Legality Movement Party</a><br /><small><i>Partia Lëvizja e Legalitetit</i></small> </td> <td>PLL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">Right-wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shpetim_Axhami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shpetim Axhami (page does not exist)">Shpetim Axhami</a> </td> <td align="right">2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2023_Albanian_local_elections" title="2023 Albanian local elections">2023 Albanian local elections</a> the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a> (PD) were not allowed to register their candidates, a court upheld that decision accordingly the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party of Albania</a> (PS) won most seats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations of Albania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png/220px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png/330px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png/440px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>The countries with <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Albania" title="List of diplomatic missions of Albania">diplomatic missions</a> of Albania.</figcaption></figure> <p>Foreign policy is conducted through the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Albania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Albania)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>. Albania maintains a network of 50 diplomatic missions abroad and holds relations with more than 115 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO), <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN), <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and several others. Citizens of the country have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 98 countries and territories, with the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Albanian passport</a> ranking 55th in terms of travel freedom according to the <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)#Visa_restrictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">Henley visa restrictions index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Albania maintains strong diplomatic relations with such countries as <a href="/wiki/Albania-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania-United States relations">the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania-Italy_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania-Italy relations">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania-Brazil_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania-Brazil relations">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania_Greece_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania Greece relations">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania-Austria_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania-Austria relations">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania_Croatia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania Croatia relations">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania_China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania China relations">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania-Germany_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania-Germany relations">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania-Portugal_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania-Portugal relations">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania_-_United_Kingdom_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania - United Kingdom relations">the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania_Turkey_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania Turkey relations">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">collapse of communism</a> in 1990, the country has extended its responsibilities and position in European and international affairs, supporting and establishing friendly relations with other nations. The main objectives are the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">accession of Albania to the European Union</a>; the <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">international recognition of Kosovo</a>; the recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Cham_Albanians" title="Expulsion of Cham Albanians">expulsion of Cham Albanians</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and helping and protecting the rights of Albanians in <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Macedonia">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_south_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in south Serbia">southern Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Albanian diaspora</a>. </p><p>Furthermore, the country became one of the first <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">eastern European</a> countries to join the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a>. Politicians of Albania considered admission to NATO as a top priority for the country. Since 1992, it has been extensively engaged with NATO, and has maintained its position as a stability factor and a strong ally of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in the troubled and divided region of the Balkans. At the April 2008 summit in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> agreed to the accession of Albania and Croatia. One year later in April 2009, both countries joined the alliance. Although, the country received candidate status for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> membership in 2014, based on its 2009 application.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Albania plays a central role in the negotiation of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Process" title="Berlin Process">Berlin Process</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities of Albania</a></div> <p>With a total area of 28,748 square kilometres (11,100 square miles), Albania is divided into twelve <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">administrative</a> counties (<i><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Qarqe</i></i>). The counties are further subdivided into 61 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">municipalities</a> (<i><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Bashkia</i></span></i>). In addition, the counties were further subdivided in 36 districts (<i><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Rrethe</i></span></i>), which became defunct in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-terref_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terref-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The counties were created on 31 July 2000 to replace the thirty-six former <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Albania" title="Districts of Albania">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government introduced a new administrative division to be implemented in 2015, whereby municipalities were reduced to 61, while rural ones called (<i><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Komuna</i></span></i>) are abolished. The defunct municipalities are known as Neighborhoods or Villages (<i><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Lagje or Fshat</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are overall 2980 villages or communities in the entire country, formerly known as localities (<i><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">lokalitete</i></span></i>). The municipalities are the first level of local governance, responsible for local needs and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Albania" title="Law enforcement in Albania">law enforcement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the reform, major town centers in the country were physically redesigned and façades painted to reflect a more Mediterranean look.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table align="center" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 450px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albania_(location_map).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Albania_%28location_map%29.svg/450px-Albania_%28location_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="658" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Albania_%28location_map%29.svg/675px-Albania_%28location_map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Albania_%28location_map%29.svg/900px-Albania_%28location_map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1169" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:238px; top:408px"><a href="/wiki/Berat_County" title="Berat County">Berat</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:258px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_County" title="Dibër County">Dibër</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:248px"><a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_County" title="Durrës County">Durrës</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242.4px; top:332px"><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_County" title="Elbasan County">Elbasan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:170px; top:384px"><a href="/wiki/Fier_County" title="Fier County">Fier</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:238px; top:484px"><a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_County" title="Gjirokastër County">Gjirokastër</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:199.2px"><a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_County" title="Lezhë County">Lezhë</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:326px; top:408px"><a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_County" title="Korçë County">Korçë</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:274px; top:136px"><a href="/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_County" title="Kukës County">Kukës</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:178px; top:140px"><a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_County" title="Shkodër County">Shkodër</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:292px"><a href="/wiki/Tirana_County" title="Tirana County">Tirana</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:472px"><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_County" title="Vlorë County">Vlorë</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:59.6px; top:246.8px"><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Adriatic Sea</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:94px; top:516px"><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Ionian Sea</span></a></div> </div> </td> <td> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th colspan="2">County</th> <th>Capital</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Area </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_County" title="Shkodër County">Shkodër County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Shkodrës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a></td> <td>215,483</td> <td>3,562 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_County" title="Kukës County">Kukës County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Kukësit</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs" title="Kukës">Kukës</a></td> <td>84,035</td> <td>2,374 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_County" title="Lezhë County">Lezhë County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Lezhës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB" title="Lezhë">Lezhë</a></td> <td>135,613</td> <td>1,620 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_County" title="Dibër County">Dibër County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Dibrës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peshkopi" title="Peshkopi">Peshkopi</a></td> <td>134,153</td> <td>2,586 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_County" title="Durrës County">Durrës County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Durrësit</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a></td> <td>278,775</td> <td>766 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tirana_County" title="Tirana County">Tirana County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Tiranës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></td> <td>811,649</td> <td>1,652 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_County" title="Elbasan County">Elbasan County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Elbasanit</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a></td> <td>298,913</td> <td>3,199 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fier_County" title="Fier County">Fier County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Fierit</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">Fier</a></td> <td>312,448</td> <td>1,890 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berat_County" title="Berat County">Berat County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Beratit</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a></td> <td>139,815</td> <td>1,798 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_County" title="Gjirokastër County">Gjirokastër County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Gjirokastrës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr" title="Gjirokastër">Gjirokastër</a></td> <td>70,331</td> <td>2,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_County" title="Vlorë County">Vlorë County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Vlorës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a></td> <td>183,105</td> <td>2,706 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_County" title="Korçë County">Korçë County</a> <small>(<i>Qarku i Korçës</i>)</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Korçë">Korçë</a></td> <td>221,706</td> <td>3,711 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Albania">Presidents of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministers_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministers of Albania">Prime Ministers of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoqata_Mbar%C3%ABkomb%C3%ABtare_e_t%C3%AB_P%C3%ABrndjekurve_Politik%C3%AB_Shqiptare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoqata Mbarëkombëtare e të Përndjekurve Politikë Shqiptare">Shoqata Mbarëkombëtare e të Përndjekurve Politikë Shqiptare</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Albania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarlson" class="citation web cs1">Carlson, Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/Framing%20the%20State/Chapter11_Framing.pdf">"The Drafting Process for the 1998 Albanian Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>usip.org</i>. p. 311. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904115021/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/Framing%20the%20State/Chapter11_Framing.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usip.org&rft.atitle=The+Drafting+Process+for+the+1998+Albanian+Constitution&rft.pages=311&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usip.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FFraming%2520the%2520State%2FChapter11_Framing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SVl4sNPzWlwC&q=albania+became+monarchy+1914&pg=PA2"><i>The Constitutions of the Communist World</i></a> (William B. Simons ed.). BRILL, 1980. January 1980. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9028600701" title="Special:BookSources/9028600701"><bdi>9028600701</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022150255/https://books.google.com/books?id=SVl4sNPzWlwC&q=albania+became+monarchy+1914&pg=PA2">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutions+of+the+Communist+World&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=William+B.+Simons&rft.pub=BRILL%2C+1980&rft.date=1980-01&rft.isbn=9028600701&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSVl4sNPzWlwC%26q%3Dalbania%2Bbecame%2Bmonarchy%2B1914%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_C._Abrahams2016" class="citation book cs1">Fred C. Abrahams (March 2016). <i>Modern Albania: From Dictatorship to Democracy in Europe</i>. NYU Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781479838097" title="Special:BookSources/9781479838097"><bdi>9781479838097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Albania%3A+From+Dictatorship+to+Democracy+in+Europe&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2016-03&rft.isbn=9781479838097&rft.au=Fred+C.+Abrahams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wL_-zcyLn6kC&q=president+of+albania+chief+of+military+of+albania&pg=PA37"><i>Albania in Pictures</i></a> (Tom Streissguth ed.). Twenty-First Century Books, 2010. August 2010. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761363781" title="Special:BookSources/9780761363781"><bdi>9780761363781</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022150255/https://books.google.com/books?id=wL_-zcyLn6kC&q=president+of+albania+chief+of+military+of+albania&pg=PA37">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+in+Pictures&rft.pages=37&rft.edition=Tom+Streissguth&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books%2C+2010&rft.date=2010-08&rft.isbn=9780761363781&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwL_-zcyLn6kC%26q%3Dpresident%2Bof%2Balbania%2Bchief%2Bof%2Bmilitary%2Bof%2Balbania%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/albania/41888?download=true">"1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Osce.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Osce.org">osce.org</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120011149/http://www.osce.org/albania/41888?download=true">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-26</span></span>. <q>The President of the Republic is elected by the Assembly by secret ballot and without debate by a majority of three-fifths of all its members.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=1998+CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+REPUBLIC+OF+ALBANIA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Falbania%2F41888%3Fdownload%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letersia.fajtori.com/Historia/Skenderbeu/kuvendi_i_lezhes.php">"Kuvendi i Lezhës (1444)"</a>. <i>letersia.fajtori.com</i> (in Albanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321172414/http://www.letersia.fajtori.com/Historia/Skenderbeu/kuvendi_i_lezhes.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=letersia.fajtori.com&rft.atitle=Kuvendi+i+Lezh%C3%ABs+%281444%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letersia.fajtori.com%2FHistoria%2FSkenderbeu%2Fkuvendi_i_lezhes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/27/albanias-socialists-win-election-and-third-straight-mandate">"Albania PM hails 'most difficult but sweetest' election win"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625093301/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/27/albanias-socialists-win-election-and-third-straight-mandate">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governments_of_Albania" title="Template:Governments of Albania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governments_of_Albania" title="Template talk:Governments of Albania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governments_of_Albania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governments of Albania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governments_of_Albania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Governments of Albania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_(1912-1914).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_%281912-1914%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_%281912-1914%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_%281912-1914%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_%281912-1914%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_%281912-1914%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_%281912-1914%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="516" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independent Albania</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1912–1914) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Control_Commission_(Albania)" title="International Control Commission (Albania)">International Control Commission</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1914%E2%80%931920).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_Albania_%281914%E2%80%931920%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania_%281914%E2%80%931920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_Albania_%281914%E2%80%931920%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania_%281914%E2%80%931920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_Albania_%281914%E2%80%931920%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania_%281914%E2%80%931920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1920%E2%80%931926).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Albania_%281920%E2%80%931926%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania_%281920%E2%80%931926%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Albania_%281920%E2%80%931926%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania_%281920%E2%80%931926%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Albania_%281920%E2%80%931926%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania_%281920%E2%80%931926%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1914–1925) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%ABrmeti_I_Government" title="Përmeti I Government">Përmeti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toptani_Government" title="Toptani Government">Toptani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_World_War_I#Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Albania_(1916–1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania during World War I">Austro-Hungarian Command</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="Government of Durrës">Government of Durrës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delvina_Government" title="Delvina Government">Delvina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrioni_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrioni I Government (page does not exist)">Vrioni I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrioni_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrioni II Government (page does not exist)">Vrioni II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacred_Union_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacred Union Government (page does not exist)">Sacred Union Government</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koculi_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koculi Government (page does not exist)">Koculi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prishtina_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prishtina Government (page does not exist)">Prishtina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosturi_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosturi Government (page does not exist)">Kosturi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ypi_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ypi Government (page does not exist)">Ypi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu I Government (page does not exist)">Zogu I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ABrlaci_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vërlaci I Government (page does not exist)">Vërlaci I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrioni_III_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrioni III Government (page does not exist)">Vrioni III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noli_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noli Government (page does not exist)">Noli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1926%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Albania_%281926%E2%80%931928%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania_%281926%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Albania_%281926%E2%80%931928%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania_%281926%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Albania_%281926%E2%80%931928%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania_%281926%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1925–1928) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu II Government (page does not exist)">Zogu II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_III_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu III Government (page does not exist)">Zogu III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_IV_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu IV Government (page does not exist)">Zogu IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_V_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu V Government (page does not exist)">Zogu V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_VI_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu VI Government (page does not exist)">Zogu VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zogu_VII_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zogu VII Government (page does not exist)">Zogu VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1934%E2%80%931939).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1928–1939) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotta_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotta I Government (page does not exist)">Kotta I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangjeli_II_Government" title="Evangjeli II Government">Evangjeli II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangjeli_III_Government" title="Evangjeli III Government">Evangjeli III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangjeli_IV_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangjeli IV Government (page does not exist)">Evangjeli IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frash%C3%ABri_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frashëri Government (page does not exist)">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotta_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotta II Government (page does not exist)">Kotta II</a></li> <li><i>Interim Administrative Committee</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1934%E2%80%931939).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania_%281934%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Occupied Albania</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1939–1944) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ABrlaci_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vërlaci II Government (page does not exist)">Vërlaci II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merlika-Kruja_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merlika-Kruja Government (page does not exist)">Merlika-Kruja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libohova_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libohova I Government (page does not exist)">Libohova I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushati_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushati Government (page does not exist)">Bushati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libohova_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libohova II Government (page does not exist)">Libohova II</a></li> <li><i>Interim Executive Committee</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitrovica_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitrovica Government (page does not exist)">Mitrovica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dine_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dine Government (page does not exist)">Dine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bi%C3%A7aku_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biçaku Government (page does not exist)">Biçaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_(1944%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Hoxha_I_Government_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1944%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Albania_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Albania_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Albania_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania_(1946%E2%80%931992)_(by_UN).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29_%28by_UN%29.svg/18px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29_%28by_UN%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29_%28by_UN%29.svg/27px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29_%28by_UN%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29_%28by_UN%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29_%28by_UN%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="80" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Communist Albania</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1944–1991) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Government_of_Albania" title="Democratic Government of Albania">Democratic Government of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoxha_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoxha II Government (page does not exist)">Hoxha II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoxha_III_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoxha III Government (page does not exist)">Hoxha III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehu_I_Government" title="Shehu I Government">Shehu I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehu_II_Government" title="Shehu II Government">Shehu II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehu_III_Government" title="Shehu III Government">Shehu III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehu_IV_Government" title="Shehu IV Government">Shehu IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shehu_V_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shehu V Government (page does not exist)">Shehu V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shehu_VI_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shehu VI Government (page does not exist)">Shehu VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shehu_VII_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shehu VII Government (page does not exist)">Shehu VII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ar%C3%A7ani_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çarçani I Government (page does not exist)">Çarçani I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ar%C3%A7ani_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çarçani II Government (page does not exist)">Çarçani II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ar%C3%A7ani_III_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çarçani III Government (page does not exist)">Çarçani III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano_I_Government" title="Nano I Government">Nano I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Republic of Albania</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1991–present) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nano_II_Government" title="Nano II Government">Nano II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Stability_(Albania)" title="Government of Stability (Albania)">Government of Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical Government (page does not exist)">Technical Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meksi_I_Government" title="Meksi I Government">Meksi I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meksi_II_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meksi II Government (page does not exist)">Meksi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Reconciliation" title="Government of National Reconciliation">Government of National Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nano_III_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nano III Government (page does not exist)">Nano III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majko_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majko I Government (page does not exist)">Majko I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta_I_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta I Government (page does not exist)">Meta I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_II_Government" title="Meta II Government">Meta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majko_II_Government" title="Majko II Government">Majko II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nano_IV_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nano IV Government (page does not exist)">Nano IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berisha_I_Government" title="Berisha I Government">Berisha I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berisha_II_Government" title="Berisha II Government">Berisha II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_I_Government" title="Rama I Government">Rama I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_II_Government" title="Rama II Government">Rama II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_III_Government" title="Rama III Government">Rama III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Albania&#124;link=Albania_Presidential_elections_in_Albania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanian_presidential_elections" title="Template:Albanian presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanian_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:Albanian presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanian_presidential_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanian presidential elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Albania&#124;link=Albania_Presidential_elections_in_Albania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential elections in Albania">Presidential elections in Albania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Albanian_presidential_election" title="1925 Albanian presidential election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Albanian_presidential_election" title="1991 Albanian presidential election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Albanian_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Albanian presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_Albanian_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 Albanian presidential election (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Albanian_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 Albanian presidential election (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2002 Albanian presidential election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2007 Albanian presidential election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2012 Albanian presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2017 Albanian presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Albanian_presidential_election" title="2022 Albanian presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Albania&#124;link=Albania_Elections_and_referendums_in_Albania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanian_elections" title="Template:Albanian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanian_elections" title="Template talk:Albanian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Albania&#124;link=Albania_Elections_and_referendums_in_Albania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative elections in Albania">Elections and referendums in Albania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Parliamentary elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1921 Albanian parliamentary election">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1923 Albanian parliamentary election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1925 Albanian parliamentary election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_Albanian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 Albanian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Albanian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Albanian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Albanian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Albanian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_Albanian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 Albanian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1945 Albanian parliamentary election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1950 Albanian parliamentary election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1954 Albanian parliamentary election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1958 Albanian parliamentary election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1962 Albanian parliamentary election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1966 Albanian parliamentary election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1970 Albanian parliamentary election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1974 Albanian parliamentary election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Albanian parliamentary election">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1982 Albanian parliamentary election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1987 Albanian parliamentary election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Albanian parliamentary election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Albanian parliamentary election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1996 Albanian parliamentary election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1997 Albanian parliamentary election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2001 Albanian parliamentary election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2005 Albanian parliamentary election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2009 Albanian parliamentary election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2013 Albanian parliamentary election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2017 Albanian parliamentary election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Albanian parliamentary election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="Next Albanian parliamentary election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Albanian_local_elections" title="1992 Albanian local elections">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Albanian_local_elections" title="1996 Albanian local elections">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Albanian_local_elections" title="2000 Albanian local elections">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Albanian_local_elections" title="2003 Albanian local elections">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Albanian_local_elections" title="2007 Albanian local elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Albanian_local_elections" title="2011 Albanian local elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Albanian_local_elections" title="2013 Albanian local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Albanian_local_elections" title="2015 Albanian local elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Albanian_local_elections" title="2019 Albanian local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Albanian_local_elections" title="2023 Albanian local elections">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2027_Albanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2027 Albanian local elections (page does not exist)"><i>2027</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Albanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1994 Albanian constitutional referendum">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_monarchy_referendum" title="1997 Albanian monarchy referendum">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Albanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1998 Albanian constitutional referendum">1998</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Europe" title="Template:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Europe" title="Politics of Europe">Politics of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Andorra" title="Politics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belarus" title="Politics of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bulgaria" title="Politics of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Politics of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Estonia" title="Politics of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Finland" title="Politics of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greece" title="Politics of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iceland" title="Politics of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Latvia" title="Politics of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liechtenstein" title="Politics of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Luxembourg" title="Politics of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Moldova" title="Politics of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Monaco" title="Politics of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Politics of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_San_Marino" title="Politics of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovenia" title="Politics of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kosovo" title="Politics of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Transnistria" title="Politics of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_%C3%85land" title="Politics of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Politics of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Politics of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Svalbard" title="Politics of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albania_topics" title="Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albania_topics" title="Template talk:Albania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardiaei" title="Ardiaei">Ardiaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanoi" title="Albanoi">Albanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantes_(tribe)" title="Amantes (tribe)">Amantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantini" title="Amantini">Amantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaites" title="Balaites">Balaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylliones" title="Bylliones">Bylliones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassaretii" title="Dassaretii">Dassaretii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchele" title="Enchele">Enchele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeatae" title="Labeatae">Labeatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulantii" title="Taulantii">Taulantii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Middle Ages</a><br />(1190–1385)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Arta" title="Despotate of Arta">Despotate of Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kastrioti" title="House of Kastrioti">House of Kastrioti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a><br />(1385–1912)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABni_Council" title="Arbëni Council">Arbëni Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Albanian Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_meeting" title="Taksim meeting">Taksim meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimza_Government" title="Kimza Government">Kimza Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independence</a><br />(1912–present)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania during the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania (1914–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Autonomous Province of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic (1925–1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Union with Italian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German Nazi occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Albania" title="The Holocaust in Albania">The Holocaust in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Communist Albania (1946–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthography_Congress" title="Albanian Orthography Congress">Orthography Congress (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-Communist Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Civil Unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Albania–NATO relations">NATO membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">EU Accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Albania" title="List of archives in Albania">Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Albania" title="List of mountains in Albania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Albania" title="List of rivers of Albania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Albania" title="List of lakes of Albania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Albania" title="List of islands of Albania">Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Albania" title="Environment of Albania">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Albania" title="Biodiversity of Albania">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Albania" title="Category:Fauna of Albania">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Albania" title="Protected areas of Albania">Protected areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Government</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_of_Albania" title="Category:Government agencies of Albania">agencies</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Head of state</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Albania" title="List of heads of state of Albania">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Albania" title="Visa policy of Albania">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vetting_Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Vetting Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Appellate_College_(Albania)" title="Special Appellate College (Albania)">KPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Public_Commissioners_(Albania)" title="Institution of Public Commissioners (Albania)">IKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monitoring_Operation_(Albania)" title="International Monitoring Operation (Albania)">ONM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Qualification_Commission_(Albania)" title="Independent Qualification Commission (Albania)">KPK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Albania" title="Corruption in Albania">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURALIUS" title="EURALIUS">EURALIUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAK" class="mw-redirect" title="SPAK">SPAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_(Albania)" title="Prosecutor General (Albania)">Prosecutor General</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Albania" title="NUTS statistical regions of Albania">NUTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Albania" title="List of cities and towns in Albania">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Albania" title="Communes of Albania">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Albania" title="Villages of Albania">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Albania">Maps</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Assembly</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">speakers</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Category:Lists of members of the Parliament of Albania">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Albania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Albania)">Opposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Albania" title="Abortion in Albania">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Albania" title="Capital punishment in Albania">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_in_Albania" title="List of assassinations in Albania">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Albania">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avokati_i_Popullit" title="Avokati i Popullit">Ombudsman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mafia" title="Albanian mafia">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Albania" title="Prisons in Albania">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_crossings_of_Albania" title="Border crossings of Albania">Border crossings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Albania" title="Banking in Albania">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_lek" title="Albanian lek">Lek <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Albania" title="Taxation in Albania">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Albania" title="Trade unions in Albania">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Supreme_Audit_(Albania)" title="State Supreme Audit (Albania)">State Supreme Audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Albania" title="List of shopping malls in Albania">Shopping centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Albania" title="List of supermarket chains in Albania">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Albania" title="Agriculture in Albania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Albania" title="Healthcare in Albania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Albania" title="List of companies of Albania">Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Power_Corporation" title="Albanian Power Corporation">KESH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_System_Operator_(Albania)" title="Transmission System Operator (Albania)">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatori_i_Shp%C3%ABrndarjes_s%C3%AB_Energjis%C3%AB_Elektrike" title="Operatori i Shpërndarjes së Energjisë Elektrike">OSHEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Regulatory_Authority_(Albania)" title="Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania)">ERE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Albania" title="List of power stations in Albania">Hydropower plants</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_in_Albania" title="List of oil and gas fields in Albania">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Albania" title="Category:Mining in Albania">Mining</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Albania" title="Highways in Albania">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Albania" title="List of airports in Albania">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Albania" title="List of ports in Albania">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania" title="Rail transport in Albania">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Albania" title="List of bridges in Albania">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Albania" title="List of tunnels in Albania">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Albania" title="List of tallest buildings in Albania">Highrises</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Albania" title="List of tallest structures in Albania">structures</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posta_Shqiptare" title="Posta Shqiptare">Posta Shqiptare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Albania" title="Squatting in Albania">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Albania" title="Tourism in Albania">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monuments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Albania" title="List of archaeological sites in Albania">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Albania" title="List of castles in Albania">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Albania" title="List of mosques in Albania">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tekkes_in_Albania" title="List of tekkes in Albania">Tekkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Albania" title="List of churches in Albania">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Albania" title="List of lighthouses in Albania">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Adriatic_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast">Adriatic Sea Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Ionian_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Ionian Sea Coast">Ionian Sea Coast</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Riviera" title="Albanian Riviera">riviera</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Albania" title="List of beaches in Albania">Beaches</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:High-contrast-camera-photo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/17px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/26px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/34px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photographs of Albania">Images of Albania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Albania" title="Category:Society of Albania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_Albania" title="Census in Albania">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Noble families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Albania" title="Women in Albania">Women</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a> <small><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">(galleries)</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Albania" title="List of museums in Albania">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Albania" title="List of theatres in Albania">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_scripts" title="Category:Albanian scripts">scripts</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetare" title="Abetare">Abetare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Albania" title="Category:Research institutes in Albania">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Albania" title="List of libraries in Albania">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Albania" title="List of universities in Albania">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_publishing_companies_of_Albania" title="List of publishing companies of Albania">Publishers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albanian_proverbs" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Albanian proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanology" title="Albanology">Albanology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania" title="Secularism in Albania">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevruz_in_Albania" title="Nevruz in Albania">Nevruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Costumes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gjell%C3%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gjellë">Gjellë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi" title="Tavë kosi">Tavë kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuni" title="Kabuni">Kabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Raki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Albania">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu" title="Cognac Skënderbeu">Cognac Skënderbeu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_football_team" title="Albania national football team">National team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Albania" title="List of football clubs in Albania">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albania_international_footballers" title="List of Albania international footballers">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Albania" title="List of stadiums in Albania">Stadiums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Weightlifting_Federation" title="Albanian Weightlifting Federation">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Athletics_Federation" title="Albanian Athletics Federation">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Cycling_Federation" title="Albanian Cycling Federation">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Basketball_Federation" title="Albanian Basketball Federation">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Volleyball_Federation" title="Albanian Volleyball Federation">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation" title="Albanian Swimming Federation">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics" title="Albania at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Albania" title="List of indoor arenas in Albania">Indoor arenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania" title="List of radio stations in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symbols of Albania">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_heraldry" title="Albanian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Flag</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_flags" title="List of Albanian flags">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Coat of arms</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Albania" title="Armorial of Albania">armorial</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations_and_medals_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations and medals of Albania">Orders, decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Albania" title="Smoking in Albania">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Albania" title="Copyright law of Albania">Copyright law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Albania" title="Bibliography of Albania">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albania" title="Category:Albania">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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