CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fields Medal - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"59c1c3ec-f5ac-415f-9f90-9cb818300006","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fields_Medal","wgTitle":"Fields Medal","wgCurRevisionId":1260559739,"wgRevisionId":1260559739,"wgArticleId":10859,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use American English from July 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use dmy dates from September 2021","Articles with hCards","Articles containing Latin-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Fields Medalists","Awards established in 1936","Awards with age limits","Mathematics awards"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fields_Medal","wgRelevantArticleId":10859,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q28835", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FieldsMedalFront.jpg/1200px-FieldsMedalFront.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1154"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FieldsMedalFront.jpg/800px-FieldsMedalFront.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="770"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FieldsMedalFront.jpg/640px-FieldsMedalFront.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="616"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fields Medal - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fields_Medal rootpage-Fields_Medal skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fields+Medal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fields+Medal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fields+Medal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fields+Medal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Conditions_of_the_award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conditions_of_the_award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Conditions of the award </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conditions_of_the_award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Fields_medalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Fields_medalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 List of Fields medalists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Fields_medalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Medal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_recipients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_recipients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Female recipients </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_recipients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Fields Medal</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields-medalje" title="Fields-medalje – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fields-medalje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="ميدالية فيلدز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميدالية فيلدز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="ফিল্ডছ মেডেল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফিল্ডছ মেডেল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaya_Fields" title="Medaya Fields – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medaya Fields" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filds_medal%C4%B1" title="Filds medalı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Filds medalı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95" title="ফিল্ডস পদক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিল্ডস পদক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Chi%C3%B3ng" title="Fields Chióng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Fields Chióng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філдсаўская прэмія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філдсаўская прэмія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="फील्ड्स मेडल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फील्ड्स मेडल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Филдсов медал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филдсов медал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsova_medalja" title="Fieldsova medalja – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fieldsova medalja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Fields" title="Medalla Fields – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medalla Fields" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsova_medaile" title="Fieldsova medaile – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fieldsova medaile" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_Fields" title="Medal Fields – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Medal Fields" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsmedaljen" title="Fieldsmedaljen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fieldsmedaljen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields-Medaille" title="Fields-Medaille – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fields-Medaille" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsi_medal" title="Fieldsi medal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fieldsi medal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82" title="Μετάλλιο Φιλντς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετάλλιο Φιλντς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Fields" title="Medalla Fields – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medalla Fields" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalo_Fields" title="Medalo Fields – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medalo Fields" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Domina" title="Fields Domina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fields Domina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="مدال فیلدز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدال فیلدز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Fields" title="Médaille Fields – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médaille Fields" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_Fields" title="Bonn Fields – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bonn Fields" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Fields" title="Medalla Fields – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medalla Fields" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EC%A6%88%EC%83%81" title="필즈상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필즈상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ֆիլդսյան մրցանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիլդսյան մրցանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="फील्ड्स पदक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फील्ड्स पदक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields-Medalio" title="Fields-Medalio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fields-Medalio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medali_Fields" title="Medali Fields – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medali Fields" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaglia_Fields" title="Medaglia Fields – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medaglia Fields" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%A1" title="מדליית פילדס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדליית פילדס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95" title="ಫೀಲ್ಡ್ಸ್ ಪದಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫೀಲ್ಡ್ಸ್ ಪದಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფილდზის მედალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილდზის მედალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Филдс медалы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Филдс медалы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numisma_Fieldianum" title="Numisma Fieldianum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Numisma Fieldianum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%ABldsa_pr%C4%93mija" title="Fīldsa prēmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fīldsa prēmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fildso_medalis" title="Fildso medalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fildso medalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields-%C3%A9rem" title="Fields-érem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fields-érem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Филдсов медал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филдсов медал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BD%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BD" title="ഫീൽ‌ഡ്സ് മെഡൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫീൽ‌ഡ്സ് മെഡൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფილდსიშ მენდალი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილდსიშ მენდალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingat_Fields" title="Pingat Fields – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pingat Fields" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Фильдсийн медаль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фильдсийн медаль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B6%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ဖီး ဆုတံဆိပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖီး ဆုတံဆိပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsmedaille" title="Fieldsmedaille – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fieldsmedaille" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="फिल्ड पुरस्कार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फिल्ड पुरस्कार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E8%B3%9E" title="フィールズ賞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィールズ賞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsmedaljen" title="Fieldsmedaljen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fieldsmedaljen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsmedaljen" title="Fieldsmedaljen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fieldsmedaljen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha_Fields" title="Medalha Fields – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Medalha Fields" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_medali" title="Fields medali – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fields medali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ੀਲਡਜ਼ ਤਗਮਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ੀਲਡਜ਼ ਤਗਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%84" title="فیلڈز میڈل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فیلڈز میڈل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_Fieldsa" title="Medal Fieldsa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medal Fieldsa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha_Fields" title="Medalha Fields – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medalha Fields" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalia_Fields" title="Medalia Fields – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medalia Fields" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филдсовская премия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филдсовская премия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="फील्ड्स् पदकप्रशस्तिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फील्ड्स् पदकप्रशस्तिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalja_Fields" title="Medalja Fields – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Medalja Fields" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midagghia_Fields" title="Midagghia Fields – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Midagghia Fields" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fields Medal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsova_medaila" title="Fieldsova medaila – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fieldsova medaila" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsova_medalja" title="Fieldsova medalja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fieldsova medalja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%B5%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="خەڵاتی فیڵدز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەڵاتی فیڵدز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Филдсова медаља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филдсова медаља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsin_mitali" title="Fieldsin mitali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fieldsin mitali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldsmedaljen" title="Fieldsmedaljen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fieldsmedaljen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பீல்ட்ஸ் பதக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பீல்ட்ஸ் பதக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="ఫీల్డ్స్ పతకం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫీల్డ్స్ పతకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เหรียญฟีลดส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหรียญฟีลดส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Fields Madalyası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fields Madalyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Медаль Філдса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медаль Філдса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="فیلڈز انعام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فیلڈز انعام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Fields" title="Huy chương Fields – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Huy chương Fields" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E5%A5%96" title="菲尔兹奖 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="菲尔兹奖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%B2%E7%8D%8E" title="菲爾茲獎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菲爾茲獎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E5%A5%96" title="菲尔兹奖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲尔兹奖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28835#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fields_Medal" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fields_Medal" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fields_Medal" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&oldid=1260559739" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fields_Medal&id=1260559739&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFields_Medal">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFields_Medal">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fields_Medal&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fields_medal" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28835" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mathematics award</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Field%27s_metal" title="Field's metal">Field's metal</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Award</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Fields Medal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:FieldsMedalFront.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FieldsMedalFront.jpg/220px-FieldsMedalFront.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FieldsMedalFront.jpg/330px-FieldsMedalFront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FieldsMedalFront.jpg/440px-FieldsMedalFront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="2398" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The obverse of the Fields Medal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Awarded for</th><td class="infobox-data">Outstanding contributions in mathematics attributed to young scientists</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Presented by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Reward(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$15,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">First awarded</th><td class="infobox-data">1936; 88 years ago (1936)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Last awarded</th><td class="infobox-data">2022 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28835#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:FieldsMedalBack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FieldsMedalBack.jpg/220px-FieldsMedalBack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FieldsMedalBack.jpg/330px-FieldsMedalBack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FieldsMedalBack.jpg/440px-FieldsMedalBack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="2524" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The reverse of the medal</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematicians</a> under 40 years of age at the <a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Mathematicians">International Congress</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a> (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award honours the Canadian mathematician <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Fields" title="John Charles Fields">John Charles Fields</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fields_Institute_About_Us-1">[1]</a> The Fields Medal is regarded as one of the highest honors a mathematician can receive, and has been <a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field">described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> although there are several major differences, including frequency of award, number of awards, age limits, monetary value, and award criteria.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> According to the annual Academic Excellence Survey by <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a>, the Fields Medal is consistently regarded as the top award in the field of mathematics worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and in another reputation survey conducted by <a href="/wiki/IREG_Observatory_on_Academic_Ranking_and_Excellence" title="IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence">IREG</a> in 2013–14, the Fields Medal came closely after the <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> as the second most prestigious international award in mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The prize includes a monetary award which, since 2006, has been <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>15,000.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Fields was instrumental in establishing the award, designing the medal himself, and funding the monetary component, though he died before it was established and his plan was overseen by <a href="/wiki/John_Lighton_Synge" title="John Lighton Synge">John Lighton Synge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fields_Institute_About_Us-1">[1]</a> The medal was first awarded in 1936 to Finnish mathematician <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> and American mathematician <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Douglas" title="Jesse Douglas">Jesse Douglas</a>, and it has been awarded every four years since 1950. Its purpose is to give recognition and support to younger mathematical researchers who have made major contributions. In 2014, the Iranian mathematician <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani" title="Maryam Mirzakhani">Maryam Mirzakhani</a> became the first female Fields Medalist.<a href="#cite_note-Farsnews-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In total, 64 people have been awarded the Fields Medal. The most recent group of Fields Medalists received their awards on 5 July 2022 in an online event which was live-streamed from Helsinki, Finland. It was originally meant to be held in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia, but was moved following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conditions_of_the_award">Conditions of the award</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Conditions of the award">edit</a>]</div> The Fields Medal has for a long time been regarded as the most prestigious award in the field of mathematics and is often <a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field">described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> Unlike the Nobel Prize, the Fields Medal is only awarded every four years. The Fields Medal also has an age limit: a recipient must be under age 40 on 1 January of the year in which the medal is awarded. The under-40 rule is based on Fields's desire that "while it was in recognition of work already done, it was at the same time intended to be an encouragement for further achievement on the part of the recipients and a stimulus to renewed effort on the part of others."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Moreover, an individual can only be awarded one Fields Medal; winners are ineligible to be awarded future medals.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> First awarded in 1936, 64 people have won the medal as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> With the exception of two PhD holders in physics (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a>),<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> only people with a PhD in mathematics have won the medal.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Fields_medalists">List of Fields medalists</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of Fields medalists">edit</a>]</div> In certain years, the Fields medalists have been officially cited for particular mathematical achievements, while in other years such specificities have not been given. However, in every year that the medal has been awarded, noted mathematicians have lectured at the <a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Mathematicians">International Congress of Mathematicians</a> on each medalist's body of work. In the following table, official citations are quoted when possible (namely for the years 1958, 1998, and every year since 2006). For the other years through 1986, summaries of the ICM lectures, as written by Donald Albers, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._Alexanderson" title="Gerald L. Alexanderson">Gerald L. Alexanderson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Constance_Reid" title="Constance Reid">Constance Reid</a>, are quoted.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In the remaining years (1990, 1994, and 2002), part of the text of the ICM lecture itself has been quoted. The upcoming Fields Medal ceremony is scheduled for 2026, taking place in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, US.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1ex auto 1ex auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians#List_of_Congresses" title="International Congress of Mathematicians">ICM</a> location </th> <th colspan="2">Medalists<a href="#cite_note-IMU-21">[21]</a> </th> <th>Affiliation (when awarded) </th> <th>Affiliation (current/last) </th> <th>Reasons </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1936 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg/60px-Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg/90px-Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg/120px-Lars_Ahlfors_-_MFO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="288" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a>, Finland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </td> <td>"Awarded medal for research on covering surfaces related to <a href="/wiki/Riemann_surface" title="Riemann surface">Riemann surfaces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Inverse_function" title="Inverse function">inverse functions</a> of entire and <a href="/wiki/Meromorphic_function" title="Meromorphic function">meromorphic functions</a>. Opened up new fields of analysis."<a href="#cite_note-36reasons-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg/60px-Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg/90px-Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_Jesse_Douglas_in_c._1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="576" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Douglas" title="Jesse Douglas">Jesse Douglas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </td> <td>"Did important work on the <a href="/wiki/Plateau_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Plateau problem">Plateau problem</a> which is concerned with finding <a href="/wiki/Minimal_surface" title="Minimal surface">minimal surfaces</a> connecting and determined by some fixed boundary."<a href="#cite_note-36reasons-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1950 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:LaurentSchwartz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/LaurentSchwartz.jpg/60px-LaurentSchwartz.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/LaurentSchwartz.jpg/90px-LaurentSchwartz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/LaurentSchwartz.jpg/120px-LaurentSchwartz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="184" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Schwartz" title="Laurent Schwartz">Laurent Schwartz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nancy">University of Nancy</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris VII">University of Paris VII</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </td> <td>"Developed the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_distributions" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of distributions">theory of distributions</a>, a new notion of generalized function motivated by the <a href="/wiki/Dirac_delta-function" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirac delta-function">Dirac delta-function</a> of theoretical physics."<a href="#cite_note-50reasons-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Atle_Selberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Atle_Selberg.jpg/60px-Atle_Selberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Atle_Selberg.jpg/90px-Atle_Selberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Atle_Selberg.jpg/120px-Atle_Selberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atle_Selberg" title="Atle Selberg">Atle Selberg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </td> <td>"Developed generalizations of the <a href="/wiki/Brun%27s_sieve" class="mw-redirect" title="Brun's sieve">sieve methods of Viggo Brun</a>; achieved major results on zeros of the <a href="/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function" title="Riemann zeta function">Riemann zeta function</a>; gave an elementary proof of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_number_theorem" title="Prime number theorem">prime number theorem</a> (with P. Erdős), with a generalization to prime numbers in an arbitrary arithmetic progression."<a href="#cite_note-50reasons-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1954 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg/60px-Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg/90px-Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg/120px-Kodaira_Kunihiko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunihiko_Kodaira" title="Kunihiko Kodaira">Kunihiko Kodaira</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, Japan and <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-mathunion.org-31">[31]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </td> <td>"Achieved major results in the theory of harmonic integrals and numerous applications to Kählerian and more specifically to <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Algebraic varieties">algebraic varieties</a>. He demonstrated, by <a href="/wiki/Sheaf_cohomology" title="Sheaf cohomology">sheaf cohomology</a>, that such varieties are <a href="/wiki/Hodge_manifold" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodge manifold">Hodge manifolds</a>."<a href="#cite_note-54reasons-33">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Pierre_Serre,_Erlangen_1997.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jean-Pierre_Serre%2C_Erlangen_1997.JPG/60px-Jean-Pierre_Serre%2C_Erlangen_1997.JPG" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jean-Pierre_Serre%2C_Erlangen_1997.JPG/90px-Jean-Pierre_Serre%2C_Erlangen_1997.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jean-Pierre_Serre%2C_Erlangen_1997.JPG/120px-Jean-Pierre_Serre%2C_Erlangen_1997.JPG 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="619" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nancy">University of Nancy</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </td> <td>"Achieved major results on the <a href="/wiki/Homotopy_group" title="Homotopy group">homotopy groups</a> of spheres, especially in his use of the method of <a href="/wiki/Spectral_sequence" title="Spectral sequence">spectral sequences</a>. Reformulated and extended some of the main results of complex variable theory in terms of <a href="/wiki/Sheaf_(mathematics)" title="Sheaf (mathematics)">sheaves</a>."<a href="#cite_note-54reasons-33">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1958 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, UK </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Roth" title="Klaus Roth">Klaus Roth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, UK<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </td> <td>"for solving a famous problem of number theory, namely, the determination of the exact exponent in the Thue-Siegel inequality"<a href="#cite_note-hopf-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg/60px-Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg" decoding="async" width="60" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg/90px-Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg/120px-Ren%C3%A9_Thom.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Thom" title="René Thom">René Thom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </td> <td>"for creating the theory of 'Cobordisme' which has, within the few years of its existence, led to the most penetrating insight into the topology of differentiable manifolds."<a href="#cite_note-hopf-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1962 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg/60px-Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg/90px-Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg/120px-Lars_H%C3%B6rmander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander" title="Lars Hörmander">Lars Hörmander</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stockholm" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stockholm">University of Stockholm</a>, Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>, Sweden<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td> <td>"Worked in <a href="/wiki/Partial_differential_equation" title="Partial differential equation">partial differential equations</a>. Specifically, contributed to the general theory of linear differential operators. The questions go back to one of <a href="/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems" title="Hilbert's problems">Hilbert's problems</a> at the 1900 congress."<a href="#cite_note-62reasons-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:John_Milnor,_1993_Oct_(portioned).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/John_Milnor%2C_1993_Oct_%28portioned%29.jpg/60px-John_Milnor%2C_1993_Oct_%28portioned%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/John_Milnor%2C_1993_Oct_%28portioned%29.jpg/90px-John_Milnor%2C_1993_Oct_%28portioned%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/John_Milnor%2C_1993_Oct_%28portioned%29.jpg/120px-John_Milnor%2C_1993_Oct_%28portioned%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2786" data-file-height="3482" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </td> <td>"Proved that a 7-dimensional sphere can have several differential structures; this led to the creation of the field of <a href="/wiki/Differential_topology" title="Differential topology">differential topology</a>."<a href="#cite_note-62reasons-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1966 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, USSR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg/60px-Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg/90px-Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg/120px-Atiyah-Hirzebruch_crop.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="190" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, UK<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td> <td>"Did joint work with Hirzebruch in <a href="/wiki/K-theory" title="K-theory">K-theory</a>; proved jointly with Singer the <a href="/wiki/Atiyah%E2%80%93Singer_index_theorem" title="Atiyah–Singer index theorem">index theorem</a> of elliptic operators on complex manifolds; worked in collaboration with Bott to prove a fixed point theorem related to the '<a href="/wiki/Lefschetz_fixed-point_theorem" title="Lefschetz fixed-point theorem">Lefschetz formula</a>'."<a href="#cite_note-66reasons-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td> <td>"Used technique called "<a href="/wiki/Forcing_(mathematics)" title="Forcing (mathematics)">forcing</a>" to prove the independence in set theory of the axiom of choice and of the generalized <a href="/wiki/Continuum_hypothesis" title="Continuum hypothesis">continuum hypothesis</a>. The latter problem was the first of Hilbert's problems of the 1900 Congress."<a href="#cite_note-66reasons-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg/60px-Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg/90px-Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg/120px-Alexander_Grothendieck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="326" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grothendieck" title="Alexander Grothendieck">Alexander Grothendieck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </td> <td>"Built on work of Weil and Zariski and effected fundamental advances in <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_geometry" title="Algebraic geometry">algebraic geometry</a>. He introduced the idea of K-theory (the Grothendieck groups and rings). Revolutionized <a href="/wiki/Homological_algebra" title="Homological algebra">homological algebra</a> in his celebrated ‘<a href="/wiki/Grothendieck%27s_T%C3%B4hoku_paper" title="Grothendieck's Tôhoku paper">Tôhoku paper</a>’."<a href="#cite_note-66reasons-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Smale2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Stephen_Smale2.jpg/60px-Stephen_Smale2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Stephen_Smale2.jpg/90px-Stephen_Smale2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Stephen_Smale2.jpg/120px-Stephen_Smale2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="284" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="City University of Hong Kong">City University of Hong Kong</a>, Hong Kong<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td> <td>"Worked in differential topology where he proved the <a href="/wiki/Generalized_Poincar%C3%A9_conjecture" title="Generalized Poincaré conjecture">generalized Poincaré conjecture</a> in dimension <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\geq 5}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\geq 5}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a752e15bfe1dac8d617d014a77c275bfd4af0d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\geq 5}">: Every closed, n-dimensional manifold homotopy-equivalent to the n-dimensional sphere is homeomorphic to it. Introduced the method of <a href="/wiki/Handlebody" title="Handlebody">handle-bodies</a> to solve this and related problems."<a href="#cite_note-66reasons-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1970 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Baker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Alan_Baker.jpg/60px-Alan_Baker.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Alan_Baker.jpg/90px-Alan_Baker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Alan_Baker.jpg/120px-Alan_Baker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Baker_(mathematician)" title="Alan Baker (mathematician)">Alan Baker</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, UK<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_theorem" title="Baker's theorem">Generalized</a> the <a href="/wiki/Gelfond-Schneider_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelfond-Schneider theorem">Gelfond-Schneider theorem</a> (the solution to Hilbert's seventh problem). From this work he generated transcendental numbers not previously identified."<a href="#cite_note-70reasons-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hironaka_heisuke_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hironaka_heisuke_1976.jpg/60px-Hironaka_heisuke_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hironaka_heisuke_1976.jpg/90px-Hironaka_heisuke_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Hironaka_heisuke_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="130" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heisuke_Hironaka" title="Heisuke Hironaka">Heisuke Hironaka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </td> <td>"Generalized work of Zariski who had proved for dimension ≤ 3 the theorem concerning the <a href="/wiki/Resolution_of_singularities" title="Resolution of singularities">resolution of singularities</a> on an <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_variety" title="Algebraic variety">algebraic variety</a>. Hironaka proved the results in any dimension."<a href="#cite_note-70reasons-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Novikov_(mathematician)" title="Sergei Novikov (mathematician)">Sergei Novikov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>, USSR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steklov_Mathematical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Steklov Mathematical Institute">Steklov Mathematical Institute</a>, Russia <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>, Russia <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland-College_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland-College Park">University of Maryland-College Park</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </td> <td>"Made important advances in topology, the most well-known being his proof of the topological invariance of the <a href="/wiki/Pontryagin_class" title="Pontryagin class">Pontryagin classes</a> of the differentiable manifold. His work included a study of the cohomology and homotopy of <a href="/wiki/Thom_space" title="Thom space">Thom spaces</a>."<a href="#cite_note-70reasons-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:John_Griggs_Thompson_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/John_Griggs_Thompson_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-John_Griggs_Thompson_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/John_Griggs_Thompson_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-John_Griggs_Thompson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/John_Griggs_Thompson_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-John_Griggs_Thompson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="211" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_G._Thompson" title="John G. Thompson">John G. Thompson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td> <td>"Proved jointly with <a href="/wiki/Walter_Feit" title="Walter Feit">W. Feit</a> that <a href="/wiki/Feit%E2%80%93Thompson_theorem" title="Feit–Thompson theorem">all non-cyclic finite simple groups have even order</a>. The extension of this work by Thompson determined the minimal simple finite groups, that is, the simple finite groups whose proper subgroups are solvable."<a href="#cite_note-70reasons-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1974 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Enrico_Bombieri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Enrico_Bombieri.jpg/60px-Enrico_Bombieri.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Enrico_Bombieri.jpg/90px-Enrico_Bombieri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Enrico_Bombieri.jpg/120px-Enrico_Bombieri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1162" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Bombieri" title="Enrico Bombieri">Enrico Bombieri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a>, Italy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </td> <td>"Major contributions in the primes, in <a href="/wiki/Univalent_function" title="Univalent function">univalent functions</a> and the local <a href="/wiki/Bieberbach_conjecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bieberbach conjecture">Bieberbach conjecture</a>, in theory of functions of several complex variables, and in theory of partial differential equations and minimal surfaces – in particular, to the solution of <a href="/wiki/Bernstein%27s_problem" title="Bernstein's problem">Bernstein's problem</a> in higher dimensions."<a href="#cite_note-74reasons-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mumford2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mumford2.jpg/60px-Mumford2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mumford2.jpg/90px-Mumford2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mumford2.jpg/120px-Mumford2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="184" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td> <td>"Contributed to problems of the existence and structure of <a href="/wiki/Moduli_space" title="Moduli space">varieties of moduli</a>, varieties whose points parametrize isomorphism classes of some type of geometric object. Also made several important contributions to the theory of <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_surface" title="Algebraic surface">algebraic surfaces</a>."<a href="#cite_note-74reasons-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1978 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Deligne_(2005)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pierre_Deligne_%282005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Pierre_Deligne_%282005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pierre_Deligne_%282005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Pierre_Deligne_%282005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pierre_Deligne_%282005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Pierre_Deligne_%282005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="1758" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Deligne" title="Pierre Deligne">Pierre Deligne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td> <td>"Gave solution of the three <a href="/wiki/Weil_conjectures" title="Weil conjectures">Weil conjectures</a> concerning generalizations of the <a href="/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis" title="Riemann hypothesis">Riemann hypothesis</a> to finite fields. His work did much to unify algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory."<a href="#cite_note-78reasons-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Fefferman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Charles_Fefferman.jpg/60px-Charles_Fefferman.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Charles_Fefferman.jpg/90px-Charles_Fefferman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Charles_Fefferman.jpg/120px-Charles_Fefferman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fefferman" title="Charles Fefferman">Charles Fefferman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> </td> <td>"Contributed several innovations that revised the study of multidimensional complex analysis by finding correct generalizations of classical (low-dimensional) results."<a href="#cite_note-78reasons-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Grigory_Margulis_1978_(portioned).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Grigory_Margulis_1978_%28portioned%29.jpg/60px-Grigory_Margulis_1978_%28portioned%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Grigory_Margulis_1978_%28portioned%29.jpg/90px-Grigory_Margulis_1978_%28portioned%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Grigory_Margulis_1978_%28portioned%29.jpg/120px-Grigory_Margulis_1978_%28portioned%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2701" data-file-height="3377" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Margulis" title="Grigory Margulis">Grigory Margulis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>, USSR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> </td> <td>"Provided innovative analysis of the structure of <a href="/wiki/Lie_group" title="Lie group">Lie groups</a>. His work belongs to combinatorics, differential geometry, ergodic theory, dynamical systems, and Lie groups."<a href="#cite_note-78reasons-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Quillen" title="Daniel Quillen">Daniel Quillen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, UK<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>"The prime architect of the higher <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_K-theory" title="Algebraic K-theory">algebraic K-theory</a>, a new tool that successfully employed geometric and topological methods and ideas to formulate and solve major problems in algebra, particularly ring theory and module theory."<a href="#cite_note-78reasons-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1982 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Alain_Connes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alain_Connes.jpg/60px-Alain_Connes.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alain_Connes.jpg/90px-Alain_Connes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alain_Connes.jpg/120px-Alain_Connes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alain_Connes" title="Alain Connes">Alain Connes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>"Contributed to the theory of <a href="/wiki/Operator_algebra" title="Operator algebra">operator algebras</a>, particularly the general classification and structure theorem of factors of type III, classification of automorphisms of the hyperfinite factor, classification of injective factors, and applications of the theory of <a href="/wiki/C*-algebra" title="C*-algebra">C*-algebras</a> to foliations and differential geometry in general."<a href="#cite_note-82reasons-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:William_Thurston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/William_Thurston.jpg/60px-William_Thurston.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/William_Thurston.jpg/90px-William_Thurston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/William_Thurston.jpg/120px-William_Thurston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="287" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Thurston" title="William Thurston">William Thurston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td> <td>"Revolutionized study of topology in 2 and 3 dimensions, showing interplay between analysis, topology, and geometry. Contributed idea that a very large class of closed <a href="/wiki/3-manifold" title="3-manifold">3-manifolds</a> carry a hyperbolic structure."<a href="#cite_note-82reasons-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg/60px-Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg/90px-Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg/120px-Shing-Tung_Yau_at_Harvard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="180" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a>, China<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td> <td>"Made contributions in differential equations, also to the <a href="/wiki/Calabi_conjecture" title="Calabi conjecture">Calabi conjecture</a> in algebraic geometry, to the <a href="/wiki/Positive_energy_theorem" title="Positive energy theorem">positive mass conjecture</a> of general relativity theory, and to real and complex <a href="/wiki/Monge%E2%80%93Amp%C3%A8re_equation" title="Monge–Ampère equation">Monge–Ampère equations</a>."<a href="#cite_note-82reasons-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1986 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Donaldson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Simon_Donaldson.jpg/60px-Simon_Donaldson.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Simon_Donaldson.jpg/90px-Simon_Donaldson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Simon_Donaldson.jpg/120px-Simon_Donaldson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Simon Donaldson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, UK<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td> <td>"Received medal primarily for his work on topology of <a href="/wiki/Four-manifold" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-manifold">four-manifolds</a>, especially for showing that there is a differential structure on euclidian four-space which is <a href="/wiki/Exotic_R4" title="Exotic R4">different</a> from the usual structure."<a href="#cite_note-86reasons-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMU_Fields_Medal_1986-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg/60px-Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg/90px-Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg/120px-Gerd_Faltings_MFO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Gerd Faltings</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics">Max Planck Institute for Mathematics</a>, Germany<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td> <td>"Using methods of arithmetic algebraic geometry, he received medal primarily for his proof of the <a href="/wiki/Mordell_Conjecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mordell Conjecture">Mordell Conjecture</a>."<a href="#cite_note-86reasons-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Freedman,_circa_1970s_(re-scanned_C;_headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Michael_Freedman%2C_circa_1970s_%28re-scanned_C%3B_headshot%29.jpg/60px-Michael_Freedman%2C_circa_1970s_%28re-scanned_C%3B_headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Michael_Freedman%2C_circa_1970s_%28re-scanned_C%3B_headshot%29.jpg/90px-Michael_Freedman%2C_circa_1970s_%28re-scanned_C%3B_headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Michael_Freedman%2C_circa_1970s_%28re-scanned_C%3B_headshot%29.jpg/120px-Michael_Freedman%2C_circa_1970s_%28re-scanned_C%3B_headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2879" data-file-height="3603" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Station_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Station Q">Microsoft Station Q</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>"Developed new methods for topological analysis of <a href="/wiki/Four-manifold" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-manifold">four-manifolds</a>. One of his results is a proof of the <a href="/wiki/Generalized_Poincar%C3%A9_conjecture" title="Generalized Poincaré conjecture">four-dimensional Poincaré Conjecture</a>."<a href="#cite_note-86reasons-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1990 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B_Verkin_Institute_for_Low_Temperature_Physics_and_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering">B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering</a>, USSR<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>"Drinfeld's main preoccupation in the last decade [are] Langlands' program and quantum groups. In both domains, Drinfeld's work constituted a decisive breakthrough and prompted a wealth of research."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg/60px-Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg/90px-Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg/120px-Vaughan_Jones_p1190550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1920" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Jones" title="Vaughan Jones">Vaughan Jones</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </td> <td>"Jones discovered an astonishing relationship between <a href="/wiki/Von_Neumann_algebra" title="Von Neumann algebra">von Neumann algebras</a> and geometric topology. As a result, he found a new polynomial invariant for knots and links in 3-space."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Shigefumi_Mori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shigefumi_Mori.jpg/60px-Shigefumi_Mori.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shigefumi_Mori.jpg/90px-Shigefumi_Mori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shigefumi_Mori.jpg/120px-Shigefumi_Mori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="224" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigefumi_Mori" title="Shigefumi Mori">Shigefumi Mori</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a>, Japan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td> <td>"The most profound and exciting development in algebraic geometry during the last decade or so was [...] <a href="/wiki/Minimal_model_program" title="Minimal model program">Mori's Program</a> in connection with the classification problems of algebraic varieties of dimension three." "Early in 1979, Mori brought to algebraic geometry a completely new excitement, that was his proof of Hartshorne's conjecture."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg/60px-Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg/90px-Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg/120px-Edward_Witten_at_Harvard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="229" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td> <td>"Time and again he has surprised the mathematical community by a brilliant application of physical insight leading to new and deep mathematical theorems."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1994 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Bourgain_(vertical_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Jean_Bourgain_%28vertical_crop%29.jpg/60px-Jean_Bourgain_%28vertical_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Jean_Bourgain_%28vertical_crop%29.jpg/90px-Jean_Bourgain_%28vertical_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Jean_Bourgain_%28vertical_crop%29.jpg/120px-Jean_Bourgain_%28vertical_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="1824" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Jean Bourgain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td> <td>"Bourgain's work touches on several central topics of mathematical analysis: the geometry of <a href="/wiki/Banach_space" title="Banach space">Banach spaces</a>, convexity in high dimensions, harmonic analysis, ergodic theory, and finally, nonlinear partial differential equations from mathematical physics."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg/60px-Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg/90px-Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg/120px-Pierre-Louis_Lions_par_Philippe_Binant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="1636" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Louis_Lions" title="Pierre-Louis Lions">Pierre-Louis Lions</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_9" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris 9">University of Paris 9</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, France <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_polytechnique" title="École polytechnique">École polytechnique</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>"His contributions cover a variety of areas, from probability theory to partial differential equations (PDEs). Within the PDE area he has done several beautiful things in nonlinear equations. The choice of his problems have always been motivated by applications."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg/60px-Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg/90px-Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg/120px-Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz" title="Jean-Christophe Yoccoz">Jean-Christophe Yoccoz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris-Sud_11_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Sud 11 University">Paris-Sud 11 University</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </td> <td>"Yoccoz obtained a very enlightening proof of <a href="/wiki/Brjuno_number" title="Brjuno number">Bruno's theorem</a>, and he was able to prove the converse [...] Palis and Yoccoz obtained a complete system of C∞ conjugation invariants for Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:EfimIZelmanov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/EfimIZelmanov.jpg/60px-EfimIZelmanov.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/EfimIZelmanov.jpg/90px-EfimIZelmanov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/EfimIZelmanov.jpg/120px-EfimIZelmanov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Efim_Zelmanov" title="Efim Zelmanov">Efim Zelmanov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steklov_Mathematical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Steklov Mathematical Institute">Steklov Mathematical Institute</a>, Russia, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </td> <td>"For the solution of the restricted <a href="/wiki/Burnside_problem" title="Burnside problem">Burnside problem</a>."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1998 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Borcherds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Richard_Borcherds.jpg/60px-Richard_Borcherds.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Richard_Borcherds.jpg/90px-Richard_Borcherds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Richard_Borcherds.jpg/120px-Richard_Borcherds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="278" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Borcherds" title="Richard Borcherds">Richard Borcherds</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, US <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to algebra, the theory of automorphic forms, and mathematical physics, including the introduction of vertex algebras and Borcherds' Lie algebras, the <a href="/wiki/Monstrous_moonshine#Borcherds'_proof" title="Monstrous moonshine">proof of the Conway–Norton moonshine conjecture</a> and the discovery of a new class of automorphic infinite products."<a href="#cite_note-1998cer-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg/60px-Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg/90px-Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg/120px-Gowers_timothy_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gowers" title="Timothy Gowers">Timothy Gowers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to functional analysis and combinatorics, developing a new vision of infinite-dimensional geometry, including the solution of two of Banach's problems and the discovery of the so called Gowers' dichotomy: every infinite dimensional Banach space contains either a subspace with many symmetries (technically, with an unconditional basis) or a subspace every operator on which is Fredholm of index zero."<a href="#cite_note-1998cer-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_(headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_%28headshot%29.jpg/60px-Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_%28headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_%28headshot%29.jpg/90px-Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_%28headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_%28headshot%29.jpg/120px-Maxim_Kontsevich_1994_%28headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="3423" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to algebraic geometry, topology, and mathematical physics, including the proof of Witten's conjecture of intersection numbers in moduli spaces of stable curves, construction of the universal Vassiliev invariant of knots, and formal quantization of Poisson manifolds."<a href="#cite_note-1998cer-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Curtis_T._McMullen,_1994_Aug-Sept_(re-scanned,_headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Curtis_T._McMullen%2C_1994_Aug-Sept_%28re-scanned%2C_headshot%29.jpg/60px-Curtis_T._McMullen%2C_1994_Aug-Sept_%28re-scanned%2C_headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Curtis_T._McMullen%2C_1994_Aug-Sept_%28re-scanned%2C_headshot%29.jpg/90px-Curtis_T._McMullen%2C_1994_Aug-Sept_%28re-scanned%2C_headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Curtis_T._McMullen%2C_1994_Aug-Sept_%28re-scanned%2C_headshot%29.jpg/120px-Curtis_T._McMullen%2C_1994_Aug-Sept_%28re-scanned%2C_headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="3274" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curtis_T._McMullen" title="Curtis T. McMullen">Curtis T. McMullen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to the theory of holomorphic dynamics and geometrization of three-manifolds, including proofs of Bers' conjecture on the density of cusp points in the boundary of the Teichmüller space, and Kra's theta-function conjecture."<a href="#cite_note-1998cer-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2002 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Laurent_Lafforgue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Laurent_Lafforgue.png/60px-Laurent_Lafforgue.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Laurent_Lafforgue.png/90px-Laurent_Lafforgue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Laurent_Lafforgue.png/120px-Laurent_Lafforgue.png 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="658" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Lafforgue" title="Laurent Lafforgue">Laurent Lafforgue</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td> <td>"Laurent Lafforgue has been awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the <a href="/wiki/Langlands_correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="Langlands correspondence">Langlands correspondence</a> for the full linear groups GLr (r≥1) over function fields of positive characteristic."<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:VladimirVoevodsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/VladimirVoevodsky.jpg/60px-VladimirVoevodsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/VladimirVoevodsky.jpg/90px-VladimirVoevodsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/VladimirVoevodsky.jpg/120px-VladimirVoevodsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="315" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voevodsky" title="Vladimir Voevodsky">Vladimir Voevodsky</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>"He defined and developed motivic cohomology and the A1-homotopy theory, provided a framework for describing many new cohomology theories for algebraic varieties; he proved the <a href="/wiki/Milnor_conjecture_(K-theory)" title="Milnor conjecture (K-theory)">Milnor conjectures</a> on the K-theory of fields."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2006 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Andrei_Okounkov_1999_(re-scanned,_portioned).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Andrei_Okounkov_1999_%28re-scanned%2C_portioned%29.jpg/60px-Andrei_Okounkov_1999_%28re-scanned%2C_portioned%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Andrei_Okounkov_1999_%28re-scanned%2C_portioned%29.jpg/90px-Andrei_Okounkov_1999_%28re-scanned%2C_portioned%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Andrei_Okounkov_1999_%28re-scanned%2C_portioned%29.jpg/120px-Andrei_Okounkov_1999_%28re-scanned%2C_portioned%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2762" data-file-height="3450" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Okounkov" title="Andrei Okounkov">Andrei Okounkov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions bridging probability, representation theory and algebraic geometry."<a href="#cite_note-2006cer-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Grigori_Perelman,_1993_(re-scanned)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Grigori_Perelman%2C_1993_%28re-scanned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Grigori_Perelman%2C_1993_%28re-scanned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Grigori_Perelman%2C_1993_%28re-scanned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Grigori_Perelman%2C_1993_%28re-scanned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Grigori_Perelman%2C_1993_%28re-scanned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Grigori_Perelman%2C_1993_%28re-scanned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2061" data-file-height="2324" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grigori_Perelman" title="Grigori Perelman">Grigori Perelman</a> (declined) </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Department_of_Steklov_Institute_of_Mathematics_of_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences">St. Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to geometry and his revolutionary insights into the analytical and geometric structure of the <a href="/wiki/Ricci_flow" title="Ricci flow">Ricci flow</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2006cer-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Terence_Tao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Terence_Tao.jpg/60px-Terence_Tao.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Terence_Tao.jpg/90px-Terence_Tao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Terence_Tao.jpg/120px-Terence_Tao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terence_Tao" title="Terence Tao">Terence Tao</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to partial differential equations, combinatorics, harmonic analysis and additive number theory."<a href="#cite_note-2006cer-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Wendelin_Werner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wendelin_Werner.jpg/60px-Wendelin_Werner.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wendelin_Werner.jpg/90px-Wendelin_Werner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wendelin_Werner.jpg/120px-Wendelin_Werner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="902" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Werner" title="Wendelin Werner">Wendelin Werner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris-Sud_11_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Sud 11 University">Paris-Sud 11 University</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a>, Switzerland<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td> <td>"For his contributions to the development of <a href="/wiki/Schramm%E2%80%93Loewner_evolution" title="Schramm–Loewner evolution">stochastic Loewner evolution</a>, the geometry of two-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conformal_field_theory" title="Conformal field theory">conformal field theory</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2006cer-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2010 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a>, India </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg/60px-Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg/90px-Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg/120px-Elon_Lindenstrauss_MFO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="253" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elon_Lindenstrauss" title="Elon Lindenstrauss">Elon Lindenstrauss</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, Israel <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, Israel<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td> <td>"For his results on measure rigidity in <a href="/wiki/Ergodic_theory" title="Ergodic theory">ergodic theory</a>, and their applications to number theory."<a href="#cite_note-2010cer-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg/60px-Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg/90px-Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg/120px-Ngo_Bau_Chau_MFO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="319" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_B%E1%BA%A3o_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Ngô Bảo Châu">Ngô Bảo Châu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris-Sud_11_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Sud 11 University">Paris-Sud 11 University</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, US Institute for Advanced Study, US<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td> <td>"For his proof of the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_lemma_(Langlands_program)" title="Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)">Fundamental Lemma</a> in the theory of <a href="/wiki/Automorphic_form" title="Automorphic form">automorphic forms</a> through the introduction of new algebro-geometric methods."<a href="#cite_note-2010cer-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG/60px-Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG/90px-Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG/120px-Stanislav_Smirnov2005_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="2932" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Smirnov" title="Stanislav Smirnov">Stanislav Smirnov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>, Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>, Switzerland <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg State University">St. Petersburg State University</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td> <td>"For the proof of conformal invariance of percolation and the planar <a href="/wiki/Ising_model" title="Ising model">Ising model</a> in statistical physics."<a href="#cite_note-2010cer-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Cedric_Villani_at_his_office_2015_n2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="1920" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Villani" title="Cédric Villani">Cédric Villani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure_de_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure de Lyon">École Normale Supérieure de Lyon</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Institut_Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Institut Henri Poincaré">Institut Henri Poincaré</a>, France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyon University">Lyon University</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Institut_Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Institut Henri Poincaré">Institut Henri Poincaré</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td> <td>"For his proofs of nonlinear <a href="/wiki/Landau_damping" title="Landau damping">Landau damping</a> and convergence to equilibrium for the <a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_equation" title="Boltzmann equation">Boltzmann equation</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2010cer-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2014 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg/60px-Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg/90px-Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg/120px-Artur_%C3%81vila_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="277" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artur_Avila" title="Artur Avila">Artur Avila</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris VII">University of Paris VII</a>, France <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>, France <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Matem%C3%A1tica_Pura_e_Aplicada" title="Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada">Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada</a>, Brazil </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a>, Switzerland <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Matem%C3%A1tica_Pura_e_Aplicada" title="Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada">Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada</a>, Brazil </td> <td>"For his profound contributions to dynamical systems theory, which have changed the face of the field, using the powerful idea of renormalization as a unifying principle."<a href="#cite_note-2014cer-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Manjul_Bhargava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Manjul_Bhargava.jpg/60px-Manjul_Bhargava.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Manjul_Bhargava.jpg/90px-Manjul_Bhargava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Manjul_Bhargava.jpg/120px-Manjul_Bhargava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="212" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Manjul Bhargava</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td> <td>"For developing powerful new methods in the geometry of numbers, which he applied to count rings of small rank and to bound the average rank of <a href="/wiki/Elliptic_curve" title="Elliptic curve">elliptic curves</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2014cer-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/60px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/90px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg/120px-Professor_Martin_Hairer_FRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="4800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, UK </td> <td>"For his outstanding contributions to the theory of stochastic partial differential equations, and in particular for the creation of a theory of regularity structures for such equations."<a href="#cite_note-2014cer-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Maryam-mirzakhani_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Maryam-mirzakhani_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Maryam-mirzakhani_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Maryam-mirzakhani_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Maryam-mirzakhani_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Maryam-mirzakhani_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Maryam-mirzakhani_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="949" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani" title="Maryam Mirzakhani">Maryam Mirzakhani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td> <td>"For her outstanding contributions to the dynamics and geometry of <a href="/wiki/Riemann_surface" title="Riemann surface">Riemann surfaces</a> and their moduli spaces."<a href="#cite_note-2014cer-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2018 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Birkar_(cropped01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Birkar_%28cropped01%29.jpg/60px-Birkar_%28cropped01%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Birkar_%28cropped01%29.jpg/90px-Birkar_%28cropped01%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Birkar_%28cropped01%29.jpg/120px-Birkar_%28cropped01%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1710" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caucher_Birkar" title="Caucher Birkar">Caucher Birkar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, UK </td> <td>"For the proof of the boundedness of <a href="/wiki/Fano_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Fano varieties">Fano varieties</a> and for contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Minimal_model_program" title="Minimal model program">minimal model program</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2018cer-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Alessio_Figalli_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Alessio_Figalli_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Alessio_Figalli_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Alessio_Figalli_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Alessio_Figalli_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Alessio_Figalli_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Alessio_Figalli_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="266" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alessio_Figalli" title="Alessio Figalli">Alessio Figalli</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Institute_of_Technology_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich">Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich</a>, Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Institute_of_Technology_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich">Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich</a>, Switzerland </td> <td>"For contributions to the theory of <a href="/wiki/Optimal_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimal transport">optimal transport</a> and its applications in <a href="/wiki/Partial_differential_equation" title="Partial differential equation">partial differential equations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metric_geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric geometry">metric geometry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2018cer-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Scholze_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Peter_Scholze_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Peter_Scholze_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Peter_Scholze_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Peter_Scholze_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Peter_Scholze_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Peter_Scholze_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="265" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scholze" title="Peter Scholze">Peter Scholze</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>, Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>, Germany </td> <td>"For having transformed arithmetic algebraic geometry over <a href="/wiki/P-adic_field" class="mw-redirect" title="P-adic field">p-adic fields</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2018cer-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Akshay_Venkatesh_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="521" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Venkatesh" title="Akshay Venkatesh">Akshay Venkatesh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, US<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td> <td>"For his synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Analytic_number_theory" title="Analytic number theory">analytic number theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynamical_system" title="Dynamical system">homogeneous dynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Representation_theory" title="Representation theory">representation theory</a>, which has resolved long-standing problems in areas such as the equidistribution of arithmetic objects."<a href="#cite_note-2018cer-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2022 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland<a href="#cite_note-120">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Hugo_Duminil-Copin_in_Oberwolfach_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="266" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Duminil-Copin" title="Hugo Duminil-Copin">Hugo Duminil-Copin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>, Switzerland <a href="#cite_note-unige.ch-121">[120]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, France <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>, Switzerland <a href="#cite_note-unige.ch-121">[120]</a> </td> <td>"For solving longstanding problems in the probabilistic theory of phase transitions in statistical physics, especially in dimensions three and four."<a href="#cite_note-2022fields-122">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg/60px-June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg/90px-June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg/120px-June_Huh_-_ICM_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="3264" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_Huh" title="June Huh">June Huh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, US </td> <td>"For bringing the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Hodge_theory" title="Hodge theory">Hodge theory</a> to combinatorics, the proof of the Dowling–Wilson conjecture for geometric lattices, the proof of the Heron–Rota–Welsh conjecture for <a href="/wiki/Matroid" title="Matroid">matroids</a>, the development of the theory of Lorentzian polynomials, and the proof of the strong Mason conjecture."<a href="#cite_note-2022fields-122">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg/60px-James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg/90px-James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg/120px-James_Maynard_MFO_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="241" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Maynard_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Maynard (mathematician)">James Maynard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, UK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, UK </td> <td>"For contributions to analytic number theory, which have led to major advances in the understanding of the structure of prime numbers and in <a href="/wiki/Diophantine_approximation" title="Diophantine approximation">Diophantine approximation</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2022fields-122">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg/60px-Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg/90px-Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg/120px-Maryna_Vazovska_MFO_2013_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="243" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryna_Viazovska" title="Maryna Viazovska">Maryna Viazovska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</a>, Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</a>, Switzerland </td> <td>"For the proof that the <a href="/wiki/E8_lattice#Sphere_packings_and_kissing_numbers" title="E8 lattice"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{8}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{8}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48479e96d90b4cfabc7784106cc3cfff907dda34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{8}}"> lattice</a> provides the densest packing of identical spheres in 8 dimensions, and further contributions to related extremal problems and interpolation problems in <a href="/wiki/Fourier_analysis" title="Fourier analysis">Fourier analysis</a>."<a href="#cite_note-2022fields-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> The medal was first awarded in 1936 to the Finnish mathematician <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> and the American mathematician <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Douglas" title="Jesse Douglas">Jesse Douglas</a>, and it has been awarded every four years since 1950. Its purpose is to give recognition and support to younger mathematical researchers who have made major contributions. In 1954, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a> became the youngest winner of the Fields Medal, at 27.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> He retains this distinction.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> In 1966, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grothendieck" title="Alexander Grothendieck">Alexander Grothendieck</a> boycotted the ICM, held in Moscow, to protest Soviet military actions taking place in Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Motchane" title="Léon Motchane">Léon Motchane</a>, founder and director of the <a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>, attended and accepted Grothendieck's Fields Medal on his behalf.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> In 1970, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Novikov_(mathematician)" title="Sergei Novikov (mathematician)">Sergei Novikov</a>, because of restrictions placed on him by the Soviet government, was unable to travel to the congress in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> to receive his medal.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Margulis" title="Grigory Margulis">Grigory Margulis</a>, because of restrictions placed on him by the Soviet government, was unable to travel to the congress in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> to receive his medal. The award was accepted on his behalf by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tits" title="Jacques Tits">Jacques Tits</a>, who said in his address: "I cannot but express my deep disappointment—no doubt shared by many people here—in the absence of Margulis from this ceremony. In view of the symbolic meaning of this city of Helsinki, I had indeed grounds to hope that I would have a chance at last to meet a mathematician whom I know only through his work and for whom I have the greatest respect and admiration."<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In 1982, the congress was due to be held in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> but had to be rescheduled to the next year, because of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">martial law</a> introduced in Poland on 13 December 1981. The awards were announced at the ninth General Assembly of the IMU earlier in the year and awarded at the 1983 Warsaw congress.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> In 1990, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> to win the award.<a href="#cite_note-National_Science_Foundation-131">[130]</a> In 1998, at the ICM, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> was presented by the chair of the Fields Medal Committee, <a href="/wiki/Yuri_I._Manin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri I. Manin">Yuri I. Manin</a>, with the first-ever IMU silver plaque in recognition of his proof of <a href="/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem" title="Fermat's Last Theorem">Fermat's Last Theorem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Zagier" title="Don Zagier">Don Zagier</a> referred to the plaque as a "quantized Fields Medal". Accounts of this award frequently make reference that at the time of the award Wiles was over the age limit for the Fields medal.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Although Wiles was slightly over the age limit in 1994, he was thought to be a favorite to win the medal; however, a gap (later resolved by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(mathematician)" title="Richard Taylor (mathematician)">Taylor</a> and Wiles) in the proof was found in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Perelman" title="Grigori Perelman">Grigori Perelman</a>, who proved the <a href="/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_conjecture" title="Poincaré conjecture">Poincaré conjecture</a>, refused his Fields Medal<a href="#cite_note-BBC-9">[9]</a> and did not attend the congress.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani" title="Maryam Mirzakhani">Maryam Mirzakhani</a> became the first Iranian as well as the first woman to win the Fields Medal, and <a href="/wiki/Artur_Avila" title="Artur Avila">Artur Avila</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/South_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South American">South American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Manjul Bhargava</a> became the first person of Indian origin to do so.<a href="#cite_note-CF-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Maryna_Viazovska" title="Maryna Viazovska">Maryna Viazovska</a> became the first Ukrainian to win the Fields Medal, and <a href="/wiki/June_Huh" title="June Huh">June Huh</a> became the first person of Korean ancestry to do so.<a href="#cite_note-DZH-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Korea_Times_2022-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medal">Medal</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FieldsMedalBack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FieldsMedalBack.jpg/220px-FieldsMedalBack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FieldsMedalBack.jpg/330px-FieldsMedalBack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FieldsMedalBack.jpg/440px-FieldsMedalBack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="2524" /></a><figcaption>The reverse of the Fields Medal</figcaption></figure> The medal was designed by Canadian sculptor <a href="/wiki/R._Tait_McKenzie" title="R. Tait McKenzie">R. Tait McKenzie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> It is made of 14KT gold, has a diameter of 63.5mm, and weighs 169g.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> <ul><li>On the obverse is <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> and a quote attributed to 1st century AD poet <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Manilius" title="Marcus Manilius">Manilius</a>, which reads in Latin: Transire suum pectus mundoque potiri ("To surpass one's understanding and master the world").<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> The year number 1933 is written in Roman numerals and contains an error (MCNXXXIII rather than MCMXXXIII).<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> In capital Greek letters the word Ἀρχιμηδους, or "of Archimedes," is inscribed.</li> <li>On the reverse is the inscription:</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Congregati ex toto orbe mathematici ob scripta insignia tribuere</dd></dl></dd></dl> Translation: "Mathematicians gathered from the entire world have awarded [understood but not written: 'this prize'] for outstanding writings." In the background, there is the representation of Archimedes' <a href="/wiki/Archimedes#Biography" title="Archimedes">tomb</a>, with the carving illustrating his theorem <a href="/wiki/On_the_Sphere_and_Cylinder" title="On the Sphere and Cylinder">On the Sphere and Cylinder</a>, behind an olive branch. (This is the mathematical result of which Archimedes was reportedly most proud: Given a sphere and a circumscribed cylinder of the same height and diameter, the ratio between their volumes is equal to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2⁄3.) The rim bears the name of the prizewinner.<a href="#cite_note-Fields_Institute_for_Research_in_Mathematical_Sciences_2015-145">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Female_recipients">Female recipients</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Female recipients">edit</a>]</div> The Fields Medal has had two female recipients, <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani" title="Maryam Mirzakhani">Maryam Mirzakhani</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> in 2014, and <a href="/wiki/Maryna_Viazovska" title="Maryna Viazovska">Maryna Viazovska</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-CF-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-DZH-138">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The Fields Medal gained some recognition in popular culture due to references in the 1997 film, <a href="/wiki/Good_Will_Hunting" title="Good Will Hunting">Good Will Hunting</a>. In the movie, Gerald Lambeau (<a href="/wiki/Stellan_Skarsg%C3%A5rd" title="Stellan Skarsgård">Stellan Skarsgård</a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> professor who won the award prior to the events of the story. Throughout the film, references made to the award are meant to convey its prestige in the field.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field">List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematics_awards" title="List of mathematics awards">List of mathematics awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevanlinna_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevanlinna Prize">Nevanlinna Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Schock_Prizes" title="Rolf Schock Prizes">Rolf Schock Prizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Wolf Prize in Mathematics">Wolf Prize in Mathematics</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> ICM 2022 was originally planned to be held in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia, but was moved online following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. The award ceremony for the Fields Medals and prize winner lectures took place in Helsinki, Finland and were live-streamed.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fields_Institute_About_Us-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_Institute_About_Us_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_Institute_About_Us_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/aboutus/jcfields/fields_medal.html">"About Us: The Fields Medal"</a>. The Fields Institute, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401044832/http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/aboutus/jcfields/fields_medal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us%3A+The+Fields+Medal&rft.pub=The+Fields+Institute%2C+University+of+Toronto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fields.utoronto.ca%2Faboutus%2Fjcfields%2Ffields_medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ball, Philip (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/news/iranian-is-first-woman-to-nab-highest-prize-in-maths-1.15686">"Iranian is first woman to nab highest prize in maths"</a>. Nature. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2014.15686">10.1038/nature.2014.15686</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:180573813">180573813</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191008040735/https://www.nature.com/news/iranian-is-first-woman-to-nab-highest-prize-in-maths-1.15686">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Iranian+is+first+woman+to+nab+highest+prize+in+maths&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2014.15686&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A180573813%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Firanian-is-first-woman-to-nab-highest-prize-in-maths-1.15686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Honours/FieldsMedal.html">"Fields Medal"</a>. www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526200633/https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Honours/FieldsMedal/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Fields+Medal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHonours%2FFieldsMedal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/14/">"Fields Medal"</a>. The University of Chicago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407140029/https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/14/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Chicago&rft.atitle=Fields+Medal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uchicago.edu%2Fabout%2Faccolades%2F14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlainerman2015" class="citation journal cs1">Klainerman, Sergiu (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/201504/rnoti-p327.pdf">"Is the Fields Medal the Nobel Prize of Mathematics?"</a> (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 62 (4): 327. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9920">0002-9920</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628180534/https://www.ams.org/notices/201504/rnoti-p327.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notices+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.atitle=Is+the+Fields+Medal+the+Nobel+Prize+of+Mathematics%3F&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=327&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=0002-9920&rft.aulast=Klainerman&rft.aufirst=Sergiu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F201504%2Frnoti-p327.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017012526/http://www.shanghairanking.com/subject-survey/awards.html">"Top Award, ShanghaiRanking Academic Excellence Survey 2017 | Shanghai Ranking – 2017"</a>. Shanghairanking.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/subject-survey/awards.html">the original</a> on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghairanking.com&rft.atitle=Top+Award%2C+ShanghaiRanking+Academic+Excellence+Survey+2017+%7C+Shanghai+Ranking+%E2%80%93+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Fsubject-survey%2Fawards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIREG_Observatory_on_Academic_Ranking_and_Excellence" class="citation book cs1">IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190312125455/http://ireg-observatory.org/en/pdfy/IREG-list-academic-awards-EN.pdf">IREG List of International Academic Awards</a> (PDF). Brussels: <a href="/wiki/IREG_Observatory_on_Academic_Ranking_and_Excellence" title="IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence">IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ireg-observatory.org/en/pdfy/IREG-list-academic-awards-EN.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IREG+List+of+International+Academic+Awards&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pub=IREG+Observatory+on+Academic+Ranking+and+Excellence&rft.au=IREG+Observatory+on+Academic+Ranking+and+Excellence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fireg-observatory.org%2Fen%2Fpdfy%2FIREG-list-academic-awards-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhengLiu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Zheng, Juntao; Liu, Niancai (2015). "Mapping of important international academic awards". Scientometrics. 104 (3): 763–791. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11192-015-1613-7">10.1007/s11192-015-1613-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25088286">25088286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientometrics&rft.atitle=Mapping+of+important+international+academic+awards&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=763-791&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11192-015-1613-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25088286%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Juntao&rft.au=Liu%2C+Niancai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5274040.stm">"Maths genius turns down top prize"</a>. BBC. 22 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100815015937/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5274040.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maths+genius+turns+down+top+prize&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F5274040.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=185366">"Israeli wins 'Nobel' of Mathematics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523181501/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=185366">Archived</a> 23 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farsnews-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Farsnews_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060915/http://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321%0A">"President Rouhani Congratulates Iranian Woman for Winning Math Nobel Prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fars_News_Agency" title="Fars News Agency">Fars News Agency</a>. 14 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321">the original</a> on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Rouhani+Congratulates+Iranian+Woman+for+Winning+Math+Nobel+Prize&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.farsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.aspx%3Fnn%3D13930523000321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060901/https://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014%0A">"IMU Prizes 2014"</a>. International Mathematical Union. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014">the original</a> on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMU+Prizes+2014&rft.pub=International+Mathematical+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fgeneral%2Fprizes%2F2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDehghan2017" class="citation news cs1">Dehghan, Saeed Kamali Dehghan (16 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/16/maryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes#img-2">"Maryam Mirzakhani: Iranian newspapers break hijab taboo in tributes"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170718033745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/16/maryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes#img-2">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Maryam+Mirzakhani%3A+Iranian+newspapers+break+hijab+taboo+in+tributes&rft.date=2017-07-16&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Dehghan&rft.aufirst=Saeed+Kamali+Dehghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjul%2F16%2Fmaryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes%23img-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKinnon_RiehmHoffman2011">McKinnon Riehm & Hoffman 2011</a>, p. 183 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darboux.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/Statutes%20Fields%20Medal.pdf">"Rules for the Fields Medal"</a> (PDF). mathunion.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502070440/http://darboux.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/Statutes%20Fields%20Medal.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Rules+for+the+Fields+Medal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarboux.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2FStatutes%2520Fields%2520Medal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">"Fields Medal"</a>. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015744/https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fields+Medal&rft.pub=International+Mathematical+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fimu-awards%2Ffields-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/participants/dr-edward-witten/">"Edward Witten"</a>. World Science Festival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074621/https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/participants/dr-edward-witten/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Witten&rft.pub=World+Science+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldsciencefestival.com%2Fparticipants%2Fdr-edward-witten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollár2014" class="citation web cs1">Kollár, János (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.math.princeton.edu/~kollar/FromMyHomePage/fm-essay.pdf">"Is there a curse of the Fields medal?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061236/http://web.math.princeton.edu/~kollar/FromMyHomePage/fm-essay.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+there+a+curse+of+the+Fields+medal%3F&rft.pub=Princeton+University&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Koll%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.math.princeton.edu%2F~kollar%2FFromMyHomePage%2Ffm-essay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Albers, Donald J.; Alexanderson, G. L.; Reid, Constance. International mathematical congresses. An illustrated history 1893–1986. Rev. ed. including ICM 1986. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/icm/icm-2026">"ICM 2026"</a>. International Mathematical Union. Retrieved 2 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Mathematical+Union&rft.atitle=ICM+2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ficm%2Ficm-2026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMU-21"><a href="#cite_ref-IMU_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/fields/prizewinners">"The Fields Medalists, chronologically listed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a> (IMU). 8 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015744/https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fields+Medalists%2C+chronologically+listed&rft.pub=International+Mathematical+Union+%28IMU%29&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fgeneral%2Fprizes%2Ffields%2Fprizewinners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/199802/comm-krantz.pdf">"Lars Valerian Ahlfors (1907–1996)"</a> (PDF). Ams.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303211929/https://www.ams.org/notices/199802/comm-krantz.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ams.org&rft.atitle=Lars+Valerian+Ahlfors+%281907%E2%80%931996%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F199802%2Fcomm-krantz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.harvard.edu/history/ahlfors/">"Lars Ahlfors (1907–1996)"</a>. Harvard University, Dept. of Math. 7 November 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141123144942/http://www.math.harvard.edu/history/ahlfors/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lars+Ahlfors+%281907%E2%80%931996%29&rft.pub=Harvard+University%2C+Dept.+of+Math.&rft.date=2004-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.harvard.edu%2Fhistory%2Fahlfors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36reasons-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-36reasons_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-36reasons_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1936/index.html">"Fields Medals 1936"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731102503/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1936/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1936%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/170174/Jesse-Douglas">"Jesse Douglas"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903211356/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/170174/Jesse-Douglas">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jesse+Douglas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F170174%2FJesse-Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMario_J._MicallefJ._Gray" class="citation web cs1">Mario J. Micallef; J. Gray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070205/http://wdb.ugr.es/~geometry/seminar/files/talks/MMicallef20130207.pdf">"The work of Jesse Douglas on Minimal Surfaces"</a> (PDF). Wdb.ugr.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wdb.ugr.es/~geometry/seminar/files/talks/MMicallef20130207.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wdb.ugr.es&rft.atitle=The+work+of+Jesse+Douglas+on+Minimal+Surfaces&rft.au=Mario+J.+Micallef&rft.au=J.+Gray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdb.ugr.es%2F~geometry%2Fseminar%2Ffiles%2Ftalks%2FMMicallef20130207.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Schwartz.html">"Laurent Moise Schwartz"</a>. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. 24 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092731/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Schwartz.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laurent+Moise+Schwartz&rft.pub=School+of+Mathematics+and+Statistics+University+of+St+Andrews%2C+Scotland&rft.date=2007-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FSchwartz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2001" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Laurent (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140821114917/http://www.springer.com/birkhauser/history+of+science/book/978-3-7643-6052-8">Un mathématicien aux prises avec le siècle</a> [A Mathematician Grappling with His Century]. AMS: Birkhäuser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-0348-7584-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-0348-7584-4"><bdi>978-3-0348-7584-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/birkhauser/history+of+science/book/978-3-7643-6052-8">the original</a> on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+math%C3%A9maticien+aux+prises+avec+le+si%C3%A8cle&rft.place=AMS&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-0348-7584-4&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fbirkhauser%2Fhistory%2Bof%2Bscience%2Fbook%2F978-3-7643-6052-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50reasons-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-50reasons_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-50reasons_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1950/index.html">"Fields Medals 1950"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074621/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1950/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1950%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200906/rtx090600692p-corrected.pdf">"Remembering Atle Selberg, 1917–2007"</a> (PDF). Ams.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123172218/http://www.ams.org/notices/200906/rtx090600692p-corrected.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ams.org&rft.atitle=Remembering+Atle+Selberg%2C+1917%E2%80%932007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F200906%2Frtx090600692p-corrected.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathunion.org-31"><a href="#cite_ref-mathunion.org_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1954.1/ICM1954.1.ocr.pdf">"Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians"</a> (PDF). Mathunion.org. 1954. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329075759/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1954.1/ICM1954.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Congress+of+Mathematicians&rft.date=1954&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FICM%2FProceedings%2FICM1954.1%2FICM1954.1.ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_C._Spencer" class="citation web cs1">Donald C. Spencer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/199803/comm-obit-spencer.pdf">"Kunihiko Kodaira (1915–1997)"</a> (PDF). Ams.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223055632/https://www.ams.org/notices/199803/comm-obit-spencer.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ams.org&rft.atitle=Kunihiko+Kodaira+%281915%E2%80%931997%29&rft.au=Donald+C.+Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F199803%2Fcomm-obit-spencer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54reasons-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-54reasons_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-54reasons_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1954/index.html">"Fields Medals 1954"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074624/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1954/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1954%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.rug.nl/~top/lectures/delft.pdf">"Jean-Pierre Serre"</a> (PDF). Math.rug.nl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616160010/http://www.math.rug.nl/~top/lectures/delft.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Math.rug.nl&rft.atitle=Jean-Pierre+Serre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.rug.nl%2F~top%2Flectures%2Fdelft.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535878/Jean-Pierre-Serre">"Jean-Pierre Serre"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 February 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104956/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535878/Jean-Pierre-Serre">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jean-Pierre+Serre&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1997-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F535878%2FJean-Pierre-Serre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKinnon_RiehmHoffman2011">McKinnon Riehm & Hoffman 2011</a>, p. 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-hopf-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hopf_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hopf_37-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Hopf" title="Heinz Hopf">H. Hopf</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1958/ICM1958.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1958.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074808/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1958/ICM1958.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Report of the Inaugural Session. p. liv </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527024340/http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Thom,%20Rene.pdf">"René Thom"</a> (PDF). Robertnowlan.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Thom,%20Rene.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Robertnowlan.com&rft.atitle=Ren%C3%A9+Thom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertnowlan.com%2Fpdfs%2FThom%2C%2520Rene.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smai.emath.fr/IMG/pdf/matapli100_Hormander.pdf">"A tribute to Lars Hörmander"</a> (PDF). Smai.emath.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604080024/http://smai.emath.fr/IMG/pdf/matapli100_Hormander.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smai.emath.fr&rft.atitle=A+tribute+to+Lars+H%C3%B6rmander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmai.emath.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fmatapli100_Hormander.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62reasons-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-62reasons_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-62reasons_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1962/index.html">"Fields Medals 1962"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074729/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1962/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1962%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~jack/">"John W. Milnor"</a>. Stony Brook University. 5 March 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830025217/http://www.math.sunysb.edu/%7Ejack/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+W.+Milnor&rft.pub=Stony+Brook+University&rft.date=1997-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.sunysb.edu%2F~jack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upcommons.upc.edu/video/bitstream/2099.2/946/17/Poster05-AbelPrize-CV.pdf">"Sir Michael F. Atiyah : The Abel Prize"</a> (PDF). Upcommons.upc.edu (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616140748/http://upcommons.upc.edu/video/bitstream/2099.2/946/17/Poster05-AbelPrize-CV.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Upcommons.upc.edu&rft.atitle=Sir+Michael+F.+Atiyah+%3A+The+Abel+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupcommons.upc.edu%2Fvideo%2Fbitstream%2F2099.2%2F946%2F17%2FPoster05-AbelPrize-CV.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66reasons-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-66reasons_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-66reasons_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-66reasons_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-66reasons_43-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1966/index.html">"Fields Medals 1966"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322225223/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1966/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1966%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133237/http://historicalsociety.stanford.edu/pdfmem/Cohen_P.pdf">"Memorial Resolution – Paul Cohen (1934–2007)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Stanford" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford">Stanford</a> Historical Society. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicalsociety.stanford.edu/pdfmem/Cohen_P.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorial+Resolution+%E2%80%93+Paul+Cohen+%281934%E2%80%932007%29&rft.pub=Stanford+Historical+Society&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoricalsociety.stanford.edu%2Fpdfmem%2FCohen_P.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020015323/http://www.math.ucdenver.edu/~jloats/StudentCELEBS/Grothendieck_Trenkamp.pdf">"Alexander Grothendieck"</a> (PDF). Math.ucdenver.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ucdenver.edu/~jloats/StudentCELEBS/Grothendieck_Trenkamp.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Math.ucdenver.edu&rft.atitle=Alexander+Grothendieck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ucdenver.edu%2F~jloats%2FStudentCELEBS%2FGrothendieck_Trenkamp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www6.cityu.edu.hk/ma/people/profile/smales.htm">"Prof. Stephen SMALE (史梅爾)"</a>. City University of Hong Kong. 5 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109090333/http://www6.cityu.edu.hk/ma/people/profile/smales.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof.+Stephen+SMALE+%28%E5%8F%B2%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE%29&rft.pub=City+University+of+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2012-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww6.cityu.edu.hk%2Fma%2Fpeople%2Fprofile%2Fsmales.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/alan-baker">"The Laureates"</a>. Heidelberg Laureate Forum Foundation (HLFF). 25 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018234635/http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/alan-baker/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Laureates&rft.pub=Heidelberg+Laureate+Forum+Foundation+%28HLFF%29&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org%2Fblog%2Flaureate%2Falan-baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70reasons-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-70reasons_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-70reasons_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-70reasons_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-70reasons_48-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1970/index.html">"Fields Medals 1970"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074621/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1970/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1970%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200509/fea-hironaka.pdf">"Interview with Heisuke Hironaka"</a> (PDF). Ams.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074623/https://www.ams.org/notices/200509/fea-hironaka.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ams.org&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Heisuke+Hironaka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F200509%2Ffea-hironaka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405035547/https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/emeritus.html">"Professor Emeritus"</a>. Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan. 26 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/emeritus.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Emeritus&rft.pub=Research+Institute+for+Mathematical+Sciences%2C+Kyoto%2C+Japan&rft.date=2007-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fen%2Femeritus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mi.ras.ru/~snovikov/998.pdf">"Interview with Sergey P. Novikov"</a> (PDF). Mi.ras.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514032252/http://www.mi.ras.ru/~snovikov/998.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mi.ras.ru&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Sergey+P.+Novikov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi.ras.ru%2F~snovikov%2F998.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mi.ras.ru/~snovikov/index.html">"Novikov, Sergei Petrovich"</a>. Russian Academy of Science. 1 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726083130/http://www.mi.ras.ru/~snovikov/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novikov%2C+Sergei+Petrovich&rft.pub=Russian+Academy+of+Science&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi.ras.ru%2F~snovikov%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611151241/http://www.abelprize.no/c53860/binfil/download.php?tid=53792">"John Griggs Thompson"</a>. Abelprize.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abelprize.no/c53860/binfil/download.php?tid=53792">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abelprize.no&rft.atitle=John+Griggs+Thompson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abelprize.no%2Fc53860%2Fbinfil%2Fdownload.php%3Ftid%3D53792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartocciBettiGuerraggioLucchetti2011" class="citation book cs1">Bartocci, Claudio; Betti, Renato; Guerraggio, Angelo; et al., eds. (2011). Vite Mathematiche [Mathematical Lives: Protagonists of the Twentieth Century From Hilbert to Wiles] (2011 ed.). Springer. pp. 2013–2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3642136054" title="Special:BookSources/978-3642136054"><bdi>978-3642136054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vite+Mathematiche&rft.pages=2013-2014&rft.edition=2011&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3642136054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74reasons-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-74reasons_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-74reasons_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1974/index.html">"Fields Medals 1974"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074703/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1974/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1974%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dam.brown.edu/people/facultypage.mumford.html">"David Mumford"</a>. The Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072947/http://www.dam.brown.edu/people/facultypage.mumford.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Mumford&rft.pub=The+Division+of+Applied+Mathematics%2C+Brown+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dam.brown.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffacultypage.mumford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181225/http://www.abelprize.no/c57681/binfil/download.php?tid=57756">"Pierre Deligne"</a>. Abelprize.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abelprize.no/c57681/binfil/download.php?tid=57756">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abelprize.no&rft.atitle=Pierre+Deligne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abelprize.no%2Fc57681%2Fbinfil%2Fdownload.php%3Ftid%3D57756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78reasons-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-78reasons_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-78reasons_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-78reasons_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-78reasons_58-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1978/index.html">"Fields Medals 1978"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201010144934/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1978/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1978%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.math.princeton.edu/WebCV/FeffermanCV.pdf">"CV : Charles Fefferman"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074624/https://web.math.princeton.edu/WebCV/FeffermanCV.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CV+%3A+Charles+Fefferman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.math.princeton.edu%2FWebCV%2FFeffermanCV.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.math.yale.edu/public_html/People/gam3.html">"Yale Mathematics Department: Gregory A. Margulis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105132947/http://users.math.yale.edu/public_html/People/gam3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yale+Mathematics+Department%3A+Gregory+A.+Margulis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.math.yale.edu%2Fpublic_html%2FPeople%2Fgam3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedlanderGrayson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Friedlander, Eric; Grayson, Daniel (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/201210/rtx121001392p.pdf">"Daniel Quillen"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Notices_of_the_AMS" class="mw-redirect" title="Notices of the AMS">Notices of the AMS</a>. 59 (10): 1392–1406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fnoti903">10.1090/noti903</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074623/https://www.ams.org/notices/201210/rtx121001392p.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notices+of+the+AMS&rft.atitle=Daniel+Quillen&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1392-1406&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fnoti903&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Grayson%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F201210%2Frtx121001392p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alainconnes.org/en/">"Alain Connes"</a>. 25 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829154109/http://www.alainconnes.org/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alain+Connes&rft.date=2012-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alainconnes.org%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82reasons-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-82reasons_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-82reasons_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-82reasons_63-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1982/index.html">"Fields Medals and Nevanlinna Prize 1982"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203152158/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1982/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+and+Nevanlinna+Prize+1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1982%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.cornell.edu/spb/index.php">"William P. Thurston, 1946–2012"</a>. 30 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821013938/http://www.math.cornell.edu/spb/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+P.+Thurston%2C+1946%E2%80%932012&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.cornell.edu%2Fspb%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025135744/http://www.doctoryau.com/yau_cv.pdf">"CV : Shing-Tung Yau"</a> (PDF). Doctoryau.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doctoryau.com/yau_cv.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Doctoryau.com&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Shing-Tung+Yau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doctoryau.com%2Fyau_cv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/~skdona/">"Simon Donaldson (Royal Society Research Professor)"</a>. Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, Queen's Gate, London. 16 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140915032606/http://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/~skdona/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simon+Donaldson+%28Royal+Society+Research+Professor%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Mathematics%2C+Imperial+College%2C+Queen%27s+Gate%2C+London&rft.date=2008-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwf.imperial.ac.uk%2F~skdona%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scgp.stonybrook.edu/people/faculty/bios/simon-donaldson">"Simon Donaldson"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320072154/http://scgp.stonybrook.edu/people/faculty/bios/simon-donaldson">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simon+Donaldson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscgp.stonybrook.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fbios%2Fsimon-donaldson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86reasons-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-86reasons_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-86reasons_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-86reasons_68-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1986/index.html">"Fields Medals and Nevanlinna Prize 1986"</a>. mathunion.org. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322225314/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1986/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathunion.org&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+and+Nevanlinna+Prize+1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2FFields%2F1986%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMU_Fields_Medal_1986-69"><a href="#cite_ref-IMU_Fields_Medal_1986_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medals-1986">"Fields Medals 1986"</a>. International Mathematical Union (IMU). 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240124060355/https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medals-1986">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Mathematical+Union+%28IMU%29&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+1986&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fimu-awards%2Ffields-medal%2Ffields-medals-1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065705/http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/gerd-faltings/">"The Laureates"</a>. Heidelberg Laureate Forum Foundation (HLFF). 6 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/gerd-faltings/">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Laureates&rft.pub=Heidelberg+Laureate+Forum+Foundation+%28HLFF%29&rft.date=2013-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org%2Fblog%2Flaureate%2Fgerd-faltings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRob_Kirby2012" class="citation web cs1">Rob Kirby (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102901/http://celebratio.org/cmmedia/essaypdf/19_main_3.pdf">"Michael H. Freedman"</a> (PDF). celebratio.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://celebratio.org/cmmedia/essaypdf/19_main_3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=celebratio.org&rft.atitle=Michael+H.+Freedman&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Rob+Kirby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcelebratio.org%2Fcmmedia%2Fessaypdf%2F19_main_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/171669/Vladimir-Gershonovich-Drinfeld">"Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfeld"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 19 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810212856/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/171669/Vladimir-Gershonovich-Drinfeld">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Gershonovich+Drinfeld&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F171669%2FVladimir-Gershonovich-Drinfeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Drinfeld.html">"Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfeld"</a>. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. 18 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006123607/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Drinfeld.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Gershonovich+Drinfeld&rft.pub=School+of+Mathematics+and+Statistics%2C+University+of+St+Andrews%2C+Scotland&rft.date=2009-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FDrinfeld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Yuri Ivanovich Manin. On the mathematical work of Vladimir Drinfeld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1990.1/ICM1990.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1990. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074657/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1990.1/ICM1990.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 3–7 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806082228/http://math.berkeley.edu/~vfr/vita">"Curriculum Vitae: Vaughan F. R. Jones"</a>. University of California, Berkeley. 10 November 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.berkeley.edu/~vfr/vita/">the original</a> on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curriculum+Vitae%3A+Vaughan+F.+R.+Jones&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=2001-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmath.berkeley.edu%2F~vfr%2Fvita%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalisbury2011" class="citation web cs1">Salisbury, David (6 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2011/04/vaughan-jones/">"Fields Medalist joins Vanderbilt faculty"</a>. Vanderbilt University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414130456/http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2011/04/vaughan-jones/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fields+Medalist+joins+Vanderbilt+faculty&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft.aulast=Salisbury&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.vanderbilt.edu%2F2011%2F04%2Fvaughan-jones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Joan S. Birman. The work of Vaughan F. R. Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1990.1/ICM1990.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1990. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074657/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1990.1/ICM1990.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 9–18 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815120453/http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/shigefumi-mori/">"The Laureates"</a>. Heidelberg Laureate Forum Foundation (HLFF). 10 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/shigefumi-mori/">the original</a> on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Laureates&rft.pub=Heidelberg+Laureate+Forum+Foundation+%28HLFF%29&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org%2Fblog%2Flaureate%2Fshigefumi-mori%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Heisuke Hironaka. On the work of Shigefumi Mori. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1990.1/ICM1990.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1990. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074657/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1990.1/ICM1990.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 19–25 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204111241/http://www.sns.ias.edu/~witten/CurrentCV.pdf">"Edward Witten – Vita"</a> (PDF). 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sns.ias.edu/~witten/CurrentCV.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Witten+%E2%80%93+Vita&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sns.ias.edu%2F~witten%2FCurrentCV.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Atiyah" class="citation web cs1">Michael Atiyah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301004342/http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1990.1/Main/icm1990.1.0031.0036.ocr.pdf">"On the Work of Edward Witten"</a> (PDF). Mathunion.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1990.1/Main/icm1990.1.0031.0036.ocr.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathunion.org&rft.atitle=On+the+Work+of+Edward+Witten&rft.au=Michael+Atiyah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2FICM%2FICM1990.1%2FMain%2Ficm1990.1.0031.0036.ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.math.ias.edu/files/bourgain/CVBourgain.pdf">"CV : Jean Bourgain"</a> (PDF). Math.ias.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530041057/https://www.math.ias.edu/files/bourgain/CVBourgain.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Math.ias.edu&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Jean+Bourgain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ias.edu%2Ffiles%2Fbourgain%2FCVBourgain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Luis Caffarelli. The work of Jean Bourgain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1994. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074735/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 3–5 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/pierre-louis-lions/biographie.htm">"Collège de France"</a>. College-de-france.fr. 16 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130915103327/http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/pierre-louis-lions/biographie.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=College-de-france.fr&rft.atitle=Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.college-de-france.fr%2Fsite%2Fpierre-louis-lions%2Fbiographie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> S. R. S. Varadhan. The work of Pierre-Louis Lions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1994. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074735/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 6–10 </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/jean-christophe-yoccoz/biographie.htm">"Collège de France"</a>. College-de-france.fr. 16 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105141948/http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/jean-christophe-yoccoz/biographie.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=College-de-france.fr&rft.atitle=Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.college-de-france.fr%2Fsite%2Fjean-christophe-yoccoz%2Fbiographie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Adrien Douady. Presentation de Jean-Christophe Yoccoz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1994. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074735/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 11–16 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ime.usp.br/~grishkov/papers/CV.Zelm..pdf">"CV : Efim Zelmanov"</a> (PDF). Ime.usp.br. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702045759/https://www.ime.usp.br/~grishkov/papers/CV.Zelm..pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ime.usp.br&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Efim+Zelmanov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ime.usp.br%2F~grishkov%2Fpapers%2FCV.Zelm..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Walter Feit. On the Work of Efim Zelmanov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1994. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074735/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1994.1/ICM1994.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 17–24 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103635/http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/richard-borcherds/">"The Laureates"</a>. Heidelberg Laureate Forum Foundation (HLFF). 10 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/richard-borcherds/">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Laureates&rft.pub=Heidelberg+Laureate+Forum+Foundation+%28HLFF%29&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org%2Fblog%2Flaureate%2Frichard-borcherds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1998cer-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1998cer_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1998cer_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1998cer_91-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1998cer_91-3">d</a> Opening ceremony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1998.1/ICM1998.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 1998. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422051649/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1998.1/ICM1998.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 22 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 46–48 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/240293/William-Timothy-Gowers">"William Timothy Gowers"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080937/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/240293/William-Timothy-Gowers">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Timothy+Gowers&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2009-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F240293%2FWilliam-Timothy-Gowers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010040126/http://www.ihes.fr/~maxim/CVAnglais.html">"CV Maxim Kontsevich"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Scientifiques" title="Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques">Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques</a>. 22 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ihes.fr/~maxim/CVAnglais.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CV+Maxim+Kontsevich&rft.pub=Institut+des+Hautes+%C3%89tudes+Scientifiques&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihes.fr%2F~maxim%2FCVAnglais.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abel.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/vita/resume.pdf">"CV : Curtis T McMullen"</a> (PDF). Abel.math.harvard.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210173438/http://abel.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/vita/resume.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abel.math.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Curtis+T+McMullen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabel.math.harvard.edu%2F~ctm%2Fvita%2Fresume.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ihes.fr/~lafforgue/cv.html">"Curriculum Vitae"</a>. ihes. 6 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310232627/http://laurentlafforgue.org/cv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curriculum+Vitae&rft.pub=ihes&rft.date=2005-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihes.fr%2F~lafforgue%2Fcv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Gérard Laumon. The work of Laurent Lafforgue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2002.1/ICM2002.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2002. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074623/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2002.1/ICM2002.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 91–97 </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ias.edu/~vladimir/Site3/home_files/mitcv12.pdf">"CV : Vladimir Voevodsky"</a> (PDF). Math.ias.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402041701/http://www.math.ias.edu/~vladimir/Site3/home_files/mitcv12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Math.ias.edu&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Vladimir+Voevodsky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ias.edu%2F~vladimir%2FSite3%2Fhome_files%2Fmitcv12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Christophe Soulé. The work of Vladimir Voevodsky. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2002.1/ICM2002.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2002. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074623/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2002.1/ICM2002.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 99–103 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/people/directory/?dname=Okounkov&did=69">"Department of Mathematics"</a>. Columbia University, Department of Mathematics. 20 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102403/http://www.math.columbia.edu/people/directory/?dname=Okounkov&did=69">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=Columbia+University%2C+Department+of+Mathematics&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.columbia.edu%2Fpeople%2Fdirectory%2F%3Fdname%3DOkounkov%26did%3D69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://math.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/andrei-okounkov">"Andrei Okounkov"</a>. math.berkeley.edu. Berkeley Mathematics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230222214335/https://math.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/andrei-okounkov">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=math.berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=Andrei+Okounkov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmath.berkeley.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fandrei-okounkov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006cer-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2006cer_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006cer_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006cer_101-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006cer_101-3">d</a> Opening ceremony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2006.1/ICM2006.1.ocr.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2006. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074623/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2006.1/ICM2006.1.ocr.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> p. 36 </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1272681/Grigori-Perelman">"Grigori Perelman | Biography & Facts"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916012923/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1272681/Grigori-Perelman">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grigori+Perelman+%26%23124%3B+Biography+%26+Facts&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F1272681%2FGrigori-Perelman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.math.ucla.edu/~tao/preprints/cv.html">"Vitae and Bibliography for Terence Tao"</a>. UCLA Dept. of Math. 16 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000408183915/https://www.math.ucla.edu/~tao/preprints/cv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2000. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitae+and+Bibliography+for+Terence+Tao&rft.pub=UCLA+Dept.+of+Math.&rft.date=2010-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ucla.edu%2F~tao%2Fpreprints%2Fcv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ethz.ch/~wewerner/">"Wendelin WERNER"</a>. ETH Zurich. 18 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131413/http://www.math.ethz.ch/~wewerner/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wendelin+WERNER&rft.pub=ETH+Zurich&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ethz.ch%2F~wewerner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/nobel/lindE.htm">"Nobel at HU"</a>. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 5 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814071745/http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/nobel/lindE.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+at+HU&rft.pub=The+Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huji.ac.il%2Fhuji%2Fnobel%2FlindE.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010cer-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010cer_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010cer_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010cer_106-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010cer_106-3">d</a> Opening ceremony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2010.1/ICM2010.1.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2010. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074655/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2010.1/ICM2010.1.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> p. 23 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207021714/http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/bao-chau-ngo/">"Ngô Bảo Châu › Heidelberg Laureate Forum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org/blog/laureate/bao-chau-ngo/">the original</a> on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ng%C3%B4+B%E1%BA%A3o+Ch%C3%A2u+%E2%80%BA+Heidelberg+Laureate+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heidelberg-laureate-forum.org%2Fblog%2Flaureate%2Fbao-chau-ngo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unige.ch/~smirnov/">"Home Page of Stanislav Smirnov"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130619221150/http://www.unige.ch/~smirnov/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Page+of+Stanislav+Smirnov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unige.ch%2F~smirnov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623224603/http://cedricvillani.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/cv-2012.pdf">"CV : Cedric Villani"</a> (PDF). Cedricvillani.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cedricvillani.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/cv-2012.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cedricvillani.org&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Cedric+Villani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcedricvillani.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F10%2Fcv-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2014cer-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2014cer_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014cer_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014cer_110-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014cer_110-3">d</a> Opening ceremony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2014.1/ICM2014.1.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2014. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074729/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2014.1/ICM2014.1.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> p. 23 </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/research_award/Bhargava/CV.pdf">"CV : Manjul Bhargava"</a> (PDF). 2.maths.ox.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222225037/http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/research_award/Bhargava/CV.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2.maths.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=CV+%3A+Manjul+Bhargava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fcmi%2Flibrary%2Fresearch_award%2FBhargava%2FCV.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713133635/http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_bhargava.pdf">"The Work of Manjul Bhargava"</a> (PDF). Mathunion.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_bhargava.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathunion.org&rft.atitle=The+Work+of+Manjul+Bhargava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FPrizes%2F2014%2Fnews_release_bhargava.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225194217/http://www.math.princeton.edu/directory/faculty">"Faculty"</a>. The Princeton University, Department of Mathematics. 8 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.math.princeton.edu/directory/faculty">the original</a> on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty&rft.pub=The+Princeton+University%2C+Department+of+Mathematics&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.princeton.edu%2Fdirectory%2Ffaculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf">"Interview with Research Fellow Maryam Mirzakhani"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827222953/http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Research+Fellow+Maryam+Mirzakhani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fcmi%2Flibrary%2Fannual_report%2Far2008%2F08Interview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathematics.stanford.edu/people/faculty-lecturers/">"Department of Mathematics"</a>. Stanford University. 22 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221152037/http://mathematics.stanford.edu/people/faculty-lecturers/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.date=2009-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmathematics.stanford.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty-lecturers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2018cer-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2018cer_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018cer_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018cer_116-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018cer_116-3">d</a> Opening ceremonies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2018/ICM-2018-vol1-ver1-eb.pdf">Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2018. Volume I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074623/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM2018/ICM-2018-vol1-ver1-eb.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 13–16 </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ias.edu/press-releases/faculty-appointee-akshay-venkatesh-awarded-2018-fields-medal">"Faculty Appointee Akshay Venkatesh Awarded 2018 Fields Medal"</a>. August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124080025/https://www.ias.edu/news/press-releases/venkatesh-fields">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty+Appointee+Akshay+Venkatesh+Awarded+2018+Fields+Medal&rft.date=2018-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.edu%2Fpress-releases%2Ffaculty-appointee-akshay-venkatesh-awarded-2018-fields-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/ICM2022/ICM_2022_statement.pdf">"Decision of the Executive Committee of the IMU on the upcoming ICM 2022 and IMU General Assembly"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220402092339/https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/ICM2022/ICM_2022_statement.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decision+of+the+Executive+Committee+of+the+IMU+on+the+upcoming+ICM+2022+and+IMU+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ffileadmin%2FIMU%2FICM2022%2FICM_2022_statement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/icm/virtual-icm-2022">"Virtual ICM 2022"</a>. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601054456/https://www.mathunion.org/icm/virtual-icm-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Mathematical+Union&rft.atitle=Virtual+ICM+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Ficm%2Fvirtual-icm-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unige.ch-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unige.ch_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unige.ch_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unige.ch/sciences/math/fields2022/en">"Hugo Duminil-Copin – Fields Medal 2022 – UNIGE"</a>. 28 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706023552/https://www.unige.ch/sciences/math/fields2022/en">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hugo+Duminil-Copin+%E2%80%93+Fields+Medal+2022+%E2%80%93+UNIGE&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unige.ch%2Fsciences%2Fmath%2Ffields2022%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022fields-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2022fields_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022fields_122-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022fields_122-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022fields_122-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medals-2022">"Fields Medals 2022"</a>. International Mathematical Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705072608/https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medals-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Mathematical+Union&rft.atitle=Fields+Medals+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fimu-awards%2Ffields-medal%2Ffields-medals-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinKlarreich2022" class="citation web cs1">Lin, Thomas; Klarreich, Erica (5 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/ukrainian-mathematician-maryna-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-20220705/">"Ukrainian Mathematician Maryna Viazovska Wins Fields Medal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705072102/https://www.quantamagazine.org/ukrainian-mathematician-maryna-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-20220705/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukrainian+Mathematician+Maryna+Viazovska+Wins+Fields+Medal&rft.date=2022-07-05&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Klarreich%2C+Erica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quantamagazine.org%2Fukrainian-mathematician-maryna-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-20220705%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNawlakheNawlakheWilson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Nawlakhe, Anil; Nawlakhe, Ujwala; <a href="/wiki/Robin_Wilson_(mathematician)" title="Robin Wilson (mathematician)">Wilson, Robin</a> (July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00283-011-9244-1">"Fields Medallists"</a>. Stamp Corner. <a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Intelligencer" title="The Mathematical Intelligencer">The Mathematical Intelligencer</a>. 33 (4): 70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00283-011-9244-1">10.1007/s00283-011-9244-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:189866710">189866710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Fields+Medallists&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=70&rft.date=2011-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00283-011-9244-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A189866710%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nawlakhe&rft.aufirst=Anil&rft.au=Nawlakhe%2C+Ujwala&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs00283-011-9244-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaikar2023" class="citation web cs1">Raikar, Sanat Pai (8 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Fields-Medal">"Fields Medal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207104118/https://www.britannica.com/science/Fields-Medal">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Fields+Medal&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Raikar&rft.aufirst=Sanat+Pai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FFields-Medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2004" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Allyn (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200410/fea-grothendieck-part2.pdf">"As If Summoned from the Void: The Life of Alexandre Grothendieck"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Notices_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Notices of the American Mathematical Society">Notices of the American Mathematical Society</a>. 51 (9): 1198. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825030446/http://www.ams.org/notices/200410/fea-grothendieck-part2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 26 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notices+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.atitle=As+If+Summoned+from+the+Void%3A+The+Life+of+Alexandre+Grothendieck&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1198&rft.date=2004-10&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Allyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F200410%2Ffea-grothendieck-part2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811071525/http://www.ams.org/samplings/this-math-month/thismathmonth-aug">"This Mathematical Month – August"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/samplings/this-math-month/thismathmonth-aug">the original</a> on 11 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Mathematical+Month+%E2%80%93+August&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fsamplings%2Fthis-math-month%2Fthismathmonth-aug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaikar2023" class="citation web cs1">Raikar, Sanat Pai (15 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Fields-Medal">"Fields Medal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207104118/https://www.britannica.com/science/Fields-Medal">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fields+Medal&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=Raikar&rft.aufirst=Sanat+Pai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FFields-Medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Margulis.html">Margulis biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019123826/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Margulis.html">Archived</a> 19 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. Retrieved 27 August 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/ICM/ICM_Warsaw_1983/">"1982 ICM - Warsaw"</a>. Maths History. Retrieved 5 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maths+History&rft.atitle=1982+ICM+-+Warsaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FICM%2FICM_Warsaw_1983%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Science_Foundation-131"><a href="#cite_ref-National_Science_Foundation_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/witten.jsp">"The National Medal of Science 50th Anniversary"</a>. National Science Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125848/https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/medalofscience50/witten.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Science+Foundation&rft.atitle=The+National+Medal+of+Science+50th+Anniversary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports%2Fmedalofscience50%2Fwitten.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-9090319">Wiles, Andrew John</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827194548/http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-9090319">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 August 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010430062600/http://www.icm2002.org.cn/general/prize/medal/1998.htm">Fields Medal Prize Winners (1998)</a>, 2002 International Congress of Mathematicians. Retrieved 27 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193530/http://www.icm2002.org.cn/general/prize/medal/1998.htm">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/199810/comm-fields.pdf">"Borcherds, Gowers, Kontsevich, and McMullen Receive Fields Medals"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Notices_of_the_AMS" class="mw-redirect" title="Notices of the AMS">Notices of the AMS</a>. 45 (10): 1359. November 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423161336/http://www.ams.org/notices/199810/comm-fields.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notices+of+the+AMS&rft.atitle=Borcherds%2C+Gowers%2C+Kontsevich%2C+and+McMullen+Receive+Fields+Medals&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1359&rft.date=1998-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F199810%2Fcomm-fields.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasarGruber2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Nasar, Sylvia; Gruber, David (21 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060828fa_fact2">"Manifold Destiny: A legendary problem and the battle over who solved it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831020716/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060828fa_fact2">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved 24 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Manifold+Destiny%3A+A+legendary+problem+and+the+battle+over+who+solved+it.&rft.date=2006-08-21&rft.aulast=Nasar&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft.au=Gruber%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Ffact%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F060828fa_fact2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CF-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CF_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CF_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO2015" class="citation book cs1">UNESCO (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002315/231519e.pdf">A Complex Formula: Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Asia</a> (PDF). Paris, UNESCO. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9223-492-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9223-492-8"><bdi>978-92-9223-492-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115233123/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002315/231519e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complex+Formula%3A+Girls+and+Women+in+Science%2C+Technology%2C+Engineering+and+Mathematics+in+Asia&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Paris%2C+UNESCO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-9223-492-8&rft.au=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0023%2F002315%2F231519e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaeed_Kamali_Dehghan2017" class="citation news cs1">Saeed Kamali Dehghan (16 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/16/maryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes#img-2">"Maryam Mirzakhani: Iranian newspapers break hijab taboo in tributes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170718033745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/16/maryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes#img-2">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Maryam+Mirzakhani%3A+Iranian+newspapers+break+hijab+taboo+in+tributes&rft.date=2017-07-16&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.au=Saeed+Kamali+Dehghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjul%2F16%2Fmaryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes%23img-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DZH-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DZH_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DZH_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://life.pravda.com.ua/society/2022/07/5/249420/">"Друга жінка в історії: українка Марина В'язовська отримала престижну математичну нагороду"</a>. Українська правда _Життя. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713211953/https://life.pravda.com.ua/society/2022/07/5/249420/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0+_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%3A+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flife.pravda.com.ua%2Fsociety%2F2022%2F07%2F5%2F249420%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Korea_Times_2022-139"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Korea_Times_2022_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2024/05/135_332224.html">"June Huh becomes 1st scholar of Korean descent to win Fields Medal"</a>. The Korea Times. 5 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705083700/https://m.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=332224">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=June+Huh+becomes+1st+scholar+of+Korean+descent+to+win+Fields+Medal&rft.date=2022-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fculture%2F2024%2F05%2F135_332224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/aboutus/jcfields/fields_medal.html">"Fields Institute – The Fields Medal"</a>. Fields.utoronto.ca. 9 August 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401044832/http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/aboutus/jcfields/fields_medal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fields+Institute+%E2%80%93+The+Fields+Medal&rft.pub=Fields.utoronto.ca&rft.date=1932-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fields.utoronto.ca%2Faboutus%2Fjcfields%2Ffields_medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">"Fields Medal"</a>. International Mathematical Union. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015744/https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fields+Medal&rft.pub=International+Mathematical+Union&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fimu-awards%2Ffields-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiehm2002" class="citation journal cs1">Riehm, C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf">"The early history of the Fields Medal"</a> (PDF). Notices of the AMS. 49 (7): 778–782. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061026000014/http://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2021. <q>The Latin inscription from the Roman poet Manilius surrounding the image may be translated 'To pass beyond your understanding and make yourself master of the universe.' The phrase comes from Manilius's Astronomica 4.392 from the first century A.D. (p. 782).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notices+of+the+AMS&rft.atitle=The+early+history+of+the+Fields+Medal&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=778-782&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Riehm&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F200207%2Fcomm-riehm.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/about/fields-medal">"The Fields Medal"</a>. Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. 5 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423094533/http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/about/fields-medal">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fields+Institute+for+Research+in+Mathematical+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Fields+Medal&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fields.utoronto.ca%2Fabout%2Ffields-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnobloch2008" class="citation book cs1">Knobloch, Eberhard (2008). "Generality and Infinitely Small Quantities in Leibniz's Mathematics: The Case of his Arithmetical Quadrature of Conic Sections and Related Curves". In Goldenbaum, Ursula; Jesseph, Douglas (eds.). Infinitesimal Differences: Controversies between Leibniz and his Contemporaries. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Generality+and+Infinitely+Small+Quantities+in+Leibniz%27s+Mathematics%3A+The+Case+of+his+Arithmetical+Quadrature+of+Conic+Sections+and+Related+Curves&rft.btitle=Infinitesimal+Differences%3A+Controversies+between+Leibniz+and+his+Contemporaries&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Knobloch&rft.aufirst=Eberhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fields_Institute_for_Research_in_Mathematical_Sciences_2015-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Fields_Institute_for_Research_in_Mathematical_Sciences_2015_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/about/fields-medal">"The Fields Medal"</a>. Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. 5 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423094533/http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/about/fields-medal">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fields+Institute+for+Research+in+Mathematical+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Fields+Medal&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fields.utoronto.ca%2Fabout%2Ffields-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-01/fields-medals-to-be-awarded-to-best-mathematical-minds/10049510">"Maths gives its 'Nobel Prize' to an Australian — here's why it matters"</a>. ABC News. 1 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074618/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-01/fields-medals-to-be-awarded-to-best-mathematical-minds/10049510">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Maths+gives+its+%27Nobel+Prize%27+to+an+Australian+%E2%80%94+here%27s+why+it+matters&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-08-01%2Ffields-medals-to-be-awarded-to-best-mathematical-minds%2F10049510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon_RiehmHoffman2011" class="citation book cs1">McKinnon Riehm, Elaine; Hoffman, Frances (2011). Turbulent Times in Mathematics: The Life of J.C. Fields and the History of the Fields Medal. Providence, RI: <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-6914-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-6914-7"><bdi>978-0-8218-6914-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turbulent+Times+in+Mathematics%3A+The+Life+of+J.C.+Fields+and+the+History+of+the+Fields+Medal&rft.place=Providence%2C+RI&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8218-6914-7&rft.aulast=McKinnon+Riehm&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Frances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonastyrsky1998" class="citation book cs1">Monastyrsky, Michael (1998). Modern Mathematics in the Light of the Fields Medal. Wellesley, MA: A. K. Peters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56881-083-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56881-083-0"><bdi>1-56881-083-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Mathematics+in+the+Light+of+the+Fields+Medal&rft.place=Wellesley%2C+MA&rft.pub=A.+K.+Peters&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-56881-083-0&rft.aulast=Monastyrsky&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTropp1976" class="citation journal cs1">Tropp, Henry S. (1976). "The Origins and History of the Fields Medal". Historia Mathematica. 3 (2): 167–181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0315-0860%2876%2990033-1">10.1016/0315-0860(76)90033-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+Mathematica&rft.atitle=The+Origins+and+History+of+the+Fields+Medal&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-181&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0315-0860%2876%2990033-1&rft.aulast=Tropp&rft.aufirst=Henry+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFields+Medal" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fields_medal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fields medal">Fields medal</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28835#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Fields-Medal">Overview</a> at britannica.com</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fields_Medalists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fields_medalists" title="Template:Fields medalists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fields_medalists" title="Template talk:Fields medalists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fields_medalists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fields medalists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fields_Medalists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fields Medalists</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25.0em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1936  <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Ahlfors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Douglas" title="Jesse Douglas">Douglas</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1950  <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Schwartz" title="Laurent Schwartz">Schwartz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atle_Selberg" title="Atle Selberg">Selberg</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1954  <a href="/wiki/Kunihiko_Kodaira" title="Kunihiko Kodaira">Kodaira</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Serre</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1958  <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Roth" title="Klaus Roth">Roth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Thom" title="René Thom">Thom</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1962  <a href="/wiki/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander" title="Lars Hörmander">Hörmander</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">Milnor</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1966  <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Atiyah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Cohen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grothendieck" title="Alexander Grothendieck">Grothendieck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Smale</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1970  <a href="/wiki/Alan_Baker_(mathematician)" title="Alan Baker (mathematician)">Baker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Heisuke_Hironaka" title="Heisuke Hironaka">Hironaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Novikov_(mathematician)" title="Sergei Novikov (mathematician)">Novikov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Thompson" title="John G. Thompson">Thompson</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1974  <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Bombieri" title="Enrico Bombieri">Bombieri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">Mumford</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1978  <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Deligne" title="Pierre Deligne">Deligne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fefferman" title="Charles Fefferman">Fefferman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Margulis" title="Grigory Margulis">Margulis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Quillen" title="Daniel Quillen">Quillen</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1982  <a href="/wiki/Alain_Connes" title="Alain Connes">Connes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/William_Thurston" title="William Thurston">Thurston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Yau</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1986  <a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Donaldson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Faltings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Freedman</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1990  <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Drinfeld</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Jones" title="Vaughan Jones">Jones</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shigefumi_Mori" title="Shigefumi Mori">Mori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Witten</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1994  <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Bourgain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Louis_Lions" title="Pierre-Louis Lions">Lions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Yoccoz" title="Jean-Christophe Yoccoz">Yoccoz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Zelmanov" title="Efim Zelmanov">Zelmanov</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1998  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Borcherds" title="Richard Borcherds">Borcherds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gowers" title="Timothy Gowers">Gowers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Kontsevich</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_T._McMullen" title="Curtis T. McMullen">McMullen</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2002  <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Lafforgue" title="Laurent Lafforgue">Lafforgue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voevodsky" title="Vladimir Voevodsky">Voevodsky</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2006  <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Okounkov" title="Andrei Okounkov">Okounkov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grigori_Perelman" title="Grigori Perelman">Perelman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Tao" title="Terence Tao">Tao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Werner" title="Wendelin Werner">Werner</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2010  <a href="/wiki/Elon_Lindenstrauss" title="Elon Lindenstrauss">Lindenstrauss</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_B%E1%BA%A3o_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Ngô Bảo Châu">Ngô</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Smirnov" title="Stanislav Smirnov">Smirnov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Villani" title="Cédric Villani">Villani</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2014  <a href="/wiki/Artur_Avila" title="Artur Avila">Avila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Bhargava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Hairer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani" title="Maryam Mirzakhani">Mirzakhani</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2018  <a href="/wiki/Caucher_Birkar" title="Caucher Birkar">Birkar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alessio_Figalli" title="Alessio Figalli">Figalli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scholze" title="Peter Scholze">Scholze</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Venkatesh" title="Akshay Venkatesh">Venkatesh</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2022  <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Duminil-Copin" title="Hugo Duminil-Copin">Duminil-Copin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/June_Huh" title="June Huh">Huh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Maynard_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Maynard (mathematician)">Maynard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maryna_Viazovska" title="Maryna Viazovska">Viazovska</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fields_Medalists" title="Category:Fields Medalists">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Mathematical_Union_Prizes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IMUPrizes" title="Template:IMUPrizes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IMUPrizes" title="Template talk:IMUPrizes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IMUPrizes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IMUPrizes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Mathematical_Union_Prizes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a> Prizes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chern_Medal" title="Chern Medal">Chern Medal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fields Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss_Prize" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize">Gauss Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leelavati_Award" title="Leelavati Award">Leelavati Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevanlinna_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevanlinna Prize">Nevanlinna Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_mathematical_activities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_mathematical_activities" title="Template:International mathematical activities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_mathematical_activities" title="Template talk:International mathematical activities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_mathematical_activities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International mathematical activities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_mathematical_activities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International mathematical activities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">International Mathematical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Mathematics_and_Computers_in_Simulation" title="International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation">International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Mathematical_Physics" title="International Association of Mathematical Physics">International Association of Mathematical Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_the_History_of_Mathematics" title="International Commission on the History of Mathematics">International Commission on the History of Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Chinese_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians">International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Linear_Algebra_Society" title="International Linear Algebra Society">International Linear Algebra Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Mathematical_Sciences" title="International Society for Mathematical Sciences">International Society for Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Knowledge_Trust" title="International Mathematical Knowledge Trust">International Mathematical Knowledge Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_the_Interaction_of_Mechanics_and_Mathematics" title="International Society for the Interaction of Mechanics and Mathematics">International Society for the Interaction of Mechanics and Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workshop_on_Operator_Theory_and_its_Applications" title="International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications">International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridges_Organization" title="The Bridges Organization">The Bridges Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Mathematicians">International Congress of Mathematicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Olympiad" title="International Mathematical Olympiad">International Mathematical Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Olympiad_selection_process" title="International Mathematical Olympiad selection process">International Mathematical Olympiad selection process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Modeling_Challenge" title="International Mathematical Modeling Challenge">International Mathematical Modeling Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Kangaroo" title="Mathematical Kangaroo">Mathematical Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematics_Competition_for_University_Students" class="mw-redirect" title="International Mathematics Competition for University Students">International Mathematics Competition for University Students</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fields Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Giovanni_Sacchi_Landriani_Prize" title="International Giovanni Sacchi Landriani Prize">International Giovanni Sacchi Landriani Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouwer_Medal" title="Brouwer Medal">Brouwer Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert_Award" title="David Hilbert Award">David Hilbert Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolmogorov_Medal" title="Kolmogorov Medal">Kolmogorov Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobachevsky_Prize" title="Lobachevsky Prize">Lobachevsky Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schneider_Prize_in_Linear_Algebra" title="Hans Schneider Prize in Linear Algebra">Hans Schneider Prize in Linear Algebra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28835#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4479720-5">Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&oldid=1260559739">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&oldid=1260559739</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fields_Medalists" title="Category:Fields Medalists">Fields Medalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Awards_established_in_1936" title="Category:Awards established in 1936">Awards established in 1936</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Awards_with_age_limits" title="Category:Awards with age limits">Awards with age limits</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mathematics_awards" title="Category:Mathematics awards">Mathematics awards</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_July_2018" title="Category:Use American English from July 2018">Use American English from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2021">Use dmy dates from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 December 2024, at 12:48 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-mpshp","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.561","walltime":"1.816","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9897,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":300497,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3298,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":552470,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1485.079 1 -total"," 50.82% 754.746 2 Template:Reflist"," 29.82% 442.907 99 Template:Cite_web"," 10.86% 161.209 1 Template:Infobox_award"," 10.63% 157.891 2 Template:Infobox"," 6.69% 99.409 1 Template:Fields_medalists"," 5.87% 87.223 2 Template:Short_description"," 5.83% 86.634 2 Template:Lang"," 5.02% 74.612 2 Template:Harvnb"," 3.70% 54.949 9 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.949","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20013209,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBall2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartocciBettiGuerraggioLucchetti2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDehghan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonald_C._Spencer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedlanderGrayson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIREG_Observatory_on_Academic_Ranking_and_Excellence\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlainerman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnobloch2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKollár2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinKlarreich2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMario_J._MicallefJ._Gray\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinnon_RiehmHoffman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Atiyah\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonastyrsky1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNasarGruber2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNawlakheNawlakheWilson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaikar2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRiehm2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRob_Kirby2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaeed_Kamali_Dehghan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalisbury2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTropp1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNESCO2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhengLiu2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CA$\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 99,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"End date\"] = 1,\n [\"Fields medalists\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"IMUPrizes\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox award\"] = 1,\n [\"International mathematical activities\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sortname\"] = 63,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 19,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-pqg5v","timestamp":"20241203065701","ttl":2480596,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fields Medal","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fields_Medal","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28835","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28835","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-08T20:08:01Z","dateModified":"2024-12-01T12:48:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0c\/FieldsMedalFront.jpg","headline":"prize awarded every four years to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union"}</script> </body> </html>