About Czesław Miłosz | Academy of American Poets

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After the outbreak of World War I, Aleksander Milosz was drafted into the Tsar’s army, and as a combat engineer he built bridges and fortifications in front-line areas. His wife and son accompanied him in his constant travels throughout Russia. The family returned to Lithuania until 1918, settling in Wilno (then a part of Poland; also called Vilnius or Vilna).\n\nMiłosz graduated from high school in 1929, and in 1930 his first poems were published in Alma Mater Vilnenis, a university magazine. In 1931, he cofounded the Polish avant-garde literary group “Zagary”; his first collection of verse appeared in 1933. In 1934, he earned a master of law degree and traveled to Paris on a fellowship from the National Culture Fund. In 1936, he began working as a literary programmer for Radio Wilno. He was dismissed for his leftist views the following year and, after a trip to Italy, took a job with Polish Radio in Warsaw. He spent most of World War II in Nazi-occupied Warsaw working for underground presses.\n\nAfter the war, Miłosz came to the United States as a diplomat for the Polish communist government, working at the Polish consulate first in New York City, then in Washington, D.C. In 1950, he was transferred to Paris, and, the following year, he requested and received political asylum. He spent the next decade in Paris as a freelance writer. In 1953, he published The Captive Mind (Alfred A. Knopf) and his novel, The Seizure of Power (Criterion Books, 1955), received the Prix Littéraire European from the Swiss Book Guild. In 1960, Miłosz moved to the United States to become a lecturer in Polish literature at the University of California at Berkeley. He later became professor of Slavic languages and literature. He did not visit Poland again until 1981.\n\nIn 1980, Miłosz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. His other honors include an award for poetry translations from the Polish PEN Center in Warsaw, a Guggenheim Fellowship, and the Neustadt International Prize for Literature. He has written virtually all of his poems in his native Polish, although his work was banned in Poland until after he won the Nobel Prize. He has also translated the works of other Polish writers into English, and has co-translated his own works with such poets as Robert Hass and Robert Pinsky. His translations into Polish include portions of the Bible (from Hebrew and Greek) and works by Charles Baudelaire, T. S. 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field--title">Czesław Miłosz</span> </h1> <div> <div class="field field--field_dob">1911 – </div> <div class="field field--field_dod">2004</div> <div class="row poet__read-buttons-container"><div class="poet__read-poems col-md-6"><a href="#tabbed-content" class="btn poets__read-poems-button align-middle btn-primary btn-outline-info btn-block">Read poems by this poet</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--body"><p>Czesław Miłosz was born to Weronika and Aleksander Milosz on June 30, 1911 in Szetejnie, Lithuania (then under the domination of the Russian tsarist government). After the outbreak of World War I, Aleksander Milosz was drafted into the Tsar’s army, and as a combat engineer he built bridges and fortifications in front-line areas. His wife and son accompanied him in his constant travels throughout Russia. The family returned to Lithuania until 1918, settling in Wilno (then a part of Poland; also called Vilnius or Vilna).</p> <p>Miłosz graduated from high school in 1929, and in 1930 his first poems were published in <em>Alma Mater Vilnenis</em>, a university magazine. In 1931, he cofounded the Polish avant-garde literary group “Zagary”; his first collection of verse appeared in 1933. In 1934, he earned a master of law degree and traveled to Paris on a fellowship from the National Culture Fund. In 1936, he began working as a literary programmer for Radio Wilno. He was dismissed for his leftist views the following year and, after a trip to Italy, took a job with Polish Radio in Warsaw. He spent most of World War II in Nazi-occupied Warsaw working for underground presses.</p> <p>After the war, Miłosz came to the United States as a diplomat for the Polish communist government, working at the Polish consulate first in New York City, then in Washington, D.C. In 1950, he was transferred to Paris, and, the following year, he requested and received political asylum. He spent the next decade in Paris as a freelance writer. In 1953, he published <em>The Captive Mind </em>(Alfred A. Knopf) and his novel, <em>The Seizure of Power</em> (Criterion Books, 1955), received the Prix Littéraire European from the Swiss Book Guild. In 1960, Miłosz moved to the United States to become a lecturer in Polish literature at the University of California at Berkeley. He later became professor of Slavic languages and literature. He did not visit Poland again until 1981.</p> <p>In 1980, Miłosz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. His other honors include an award for poetry translations from the Polish PEN Center in Warsaw, a Guggenheim Fellowship, and the Neustadt International Prize for Literature. He has written virtually all of his poems in his native Polish, although his work was banned in Poland until after he won the Nobel Prize. He has also translated the works of other Polish writers into English, and has co-translated his own works with such poets as <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/robert-hass">Robert Hass</a> and <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/robert-pinsky">Robert Pinsky</a>. His translations into Polish include portions of the Bible (from Hebrew and Greek) and works by <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/charles-baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/t-s-eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/john-milton">John Milton</a>, <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/william-shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, Simone Weil, and <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/walt-whitman">Walt Whitman</a>.</p> <p>Czesław Miłosz died on August 14, 2004.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-4 layout-sidebar" role="complementary"> <div> <div id="block-nodesidebarfields"> <article role="article" about="/poet/czeslaw-milosz"> <div> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/biographies/CzeslawMilosz_NewBioImage.jpg" width="286" height="289" alt="Czeslaw Milosz" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="field field--field_school_movement"> <div class="field__label">School/Movements</div> <div> <div class="field__content"> <div about="/taxonomy/term/464"> <a href="/poets?field_school_movement_target_id=464"> <div class="field field--name">Poets of Exile</div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="field__content"> <div about="/taxonomy/term/466"> <a href="/poets?field_school_movement_target_id=466"> <div class="field field--name">Poets of World War I</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-element-container" id="block-views-block-related-poets-related-poets-list"> <h2>Related Poets</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-88bac0bc1a45910d3c098fab8b81d9ea06d052a02b5d1e36149ae6aa4ea2511f"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/poet/e-e-cummings" hreflang="und">E. 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(audio only)</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2006 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/poem/song-end-world" hreflang="und">A Song on the End of the World</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2002 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/poem/artificer" hreflang="und">Artificer</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">1974 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/poem/and-city-stood-its-brightness-audio-only" hreflang="und">And the City Stood in its Brightness (audio only)</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container table-container" id="block-views-block-text-views-for-person-texts-by-person"> <h2>Texts by</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-af36cfec1c792b121b321c59da03dd0fc521644724d3b150a29179e506335f35"> <table class="cols-2"> <thead> <tr> <th id="view-field-date-published-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published" scope="col">Year</th> <th id="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title" scope="col">Title</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2014 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/text/common-heritage-poetry-wislawa-szymborska" hreflang="en">Common Heritage: The Poetry of Wislawa Szymborska</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container table-container" id="block-views-block-text-views-for-person-texts-about-person"> <h2>Texts about</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-fd4dcb8958f1f03b6969f95845bfe51ec92219722406f50ef655a5612f6458ef"> <table class="cols-2"> <thead> <tr> <th id="view-field-date-published-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published" scope="col">Year</th> <th id="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title" scope="col">Title</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2022 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/text/beyond-empathy-beyond-archive" hreflang="en">Beyond Empathy, Beyond the Archive: Notes on Poetic Representation</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2009 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/text/archive-nobel-laureates" hreflang="und">From the Archive: Nobel Laureates</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-field-date-published-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-field-date-published">2009 </td> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/text/archive-petition-octavio-paz" hreflang="und">From the Archive: Petition for Octavio Paz</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-nodetabbedcontentfields"> <div role="article" about="/poet/czeslaw-milosz"> <h2> Bibliography </h2> <div> <div class="field field--field_bibliography"><p><strong>Poetry</strong><br /><br /><em>Second Space: New Poems</em> (Ecco Press, 2004)<br /><em>New and Collected Poems, 1931–2001</em> (Ecco Press, 2001)<br /><em>Facing the River: New Poems</em> (Ecco Press, 1995)<br /><em>Provinces</em> (Ecco Press, 1991)<br /><em>The Collected Poems, 1931–1987</em> (Ecco Press, 1988) <br /><em>Unattainable Earth </em>(Ecco Press, 1986)<br /><em>Bells in Winter</em> (Ecco Press, 1978)<br /><em>Selected Poems</em> (Seabury Press, 1973)<br /><em>The Captive Mind</em> (Alfred A. Knopf, 1953)</p> <p><strong>Prose</strong><br /><br /><em>To Begin Where I Am: Selected Essays</em> (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001)<br /><em>The Land of Ultro</em> (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1984)<br /><em>The Witness of Poetry</em> (Harvard University Press, 1983)<br /><em>Nobel Lecture</em> (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1980)<br /><em>Emperor of the Earth: Modes of Eccentric Vision</em> (University of California Press, 1977)<br /><em>The Seizure of Power</em> (Criterion Books, 1955)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" class="views-element-container card-deck--poet" id="block-views-block-related-poets-related-poets-cards"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <header class="d-flex flex-lg-row flex-column col-12"> <h2 itemprop="name" class="card-deck__title font-italic">Related Poets</h2> </header> </div> <div class="row card-deck__cards d-flex"> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-b613b9158d088fb447b4494f7f3b6977b7d2468736fc4ac1932ad39ba3648f57"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/e-e-cummings" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/eecummin.jpg?itok=u81DsBwU" width="700" height="700" alt="E. E. Cummings" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">E. E. Cummings</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Edward Estlin Cummings is known for his radical experimentation with form, punctuation, spelling, and syntax; he abandoned traditional techniques and structures to create a new, highly idiosyncratic means of poetic expression.</p></div> <a href="/poet/e-e-cummings" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">E. E. Cummings</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/agha-shahid-ali" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/AghaShahidAli_NewBioImage.jpg?itok=16jiO__k" width="700" height="700" alt="Agha Shahid Ali" title="Photo credit: Michael Paul Thomas" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> Photo credit: Michael Paul Thomas </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Agha Shahid Ali</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Agha Shahid Ali was born in New Delhi on February 4, 1949.</p></div> <a href="/poet/agha-shahid-ali" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Agha Shahid Ali</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/arthur-davison-ficke" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/ArthurDavisonFicke.png?itok=HhWnUuaf" width="700" height="700" alt="Arthur Davison Ficke" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Arthur Davison Ficke</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Arthur Davidson Ficke was born in Davenport, Iowa, in 1883. He published several poetry collections, including <em>Tumultous Shore and Other Poems </em>(Knopf, 1942), and served in the U.S. Army during World War I. Ficke died in 1945.</p></div> <a href="/poet/arthur-davison-ficke" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Arthur Davison Ficke</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/andre-breton" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/AndreBriton_NewBioImage.png?itok=eB7-fRpP" width="700" height="700" alt="André Breton" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">André Breton</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>Andre Breton was born in France in 1896 and worked in psychiatric units during World War I. In 1924 he published the Surrealist Manifesto, which defines surrealism and is considered to be the beginning of the Surrealist Movement. Breton died in 1966.</p></div> <a href="/poet/andre-breton" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">André Breton</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/rupert-brooke" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/RubertBrooke_NewBioImage.jpg?itok=eLHGJQ8U" width="700" height="700" alt="Rupert Brooke" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Rupert Brooke</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>English poet Rupert Chawner Brooke was born on August 3, 1887.</p></div> <a href="/poet/rupert-brooke" rel="bookmark" class="poet__read-more">Read more about <span class="field field--title">Rupert Brooke</span> ></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" role="article" about="/poet/miguel-de-unamuno" class="item-list--poet"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="field field--field_image"> <figure class="field__content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait/public/images/biographies/miguel_de_unamuno_newbioimage2016.png?itok=dpPCTMBZ" width="700" height="700" alt="Miguel de Unamuno" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="poet__sidebar-img-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="poet__name-bio"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="poet__name"> <span class="field field--title">Miguel de Unamuno</span> </h3> <div class="poet__bio-container"> <div class="field field--body"><p>The poet, novelist, and playwright Miguel de Unamuno was born 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