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French Revolution of 1848 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French Revolution of 1848</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> one of a wave of revolutions in 1848 in Europe </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" 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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style> <p>The <b>February 1848 Revolution</b> in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> ended the reign of <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe of France">King Louis-Philippe</a>, and led to the creation of the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Second_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a> (1848-1852).</p> <table class="infobox vevent"> <caption class="infobox-title summary"> French Revolution of 1848 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg/240px-Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg/360px-Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg/480px-Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5619" data-file-height="2900"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> <i>Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag on 25 February 1848</i> by <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Henri_F%C3%A9lix_Emmanuel_Philippoteaux&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux (not yet started)">Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">22 February – 24 February 1848</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th> <td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;">France</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">February Revolution</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th> <td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;">French citizens</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th> <td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"> <ul> <li>Abdication of <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Second_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_(King_of_the_French)_by_Winterhalter.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg/220px-1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%2528King_of_the_French%2529_by_Winterhalter.jpg/330px-1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%2528King_of_the_French%2529_by_Winterhalter.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%2528King_of_the_French%2529_by_Winterhalter.jpg/440px-1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%2528King_of_the_French%2529_by_Winterhalter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="3000"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis-Philippe_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe I">Louis-Philippe I</a>, the last King of the French </figcaption> </figure> <p>The revolution established the principle of the "<a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Right_to_work&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Right to work (not yet started)">right to work</a>" (<i>droit au travail</i>), and decided to establish "<a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Workshops?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Workshops">National Workshops</a>" for the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unemployment?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unemployment">unemployed</a>. At the same time a sort of industrial parliament was established at the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a>, under the presidency of <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Blanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Blanc">Louis Blanc</a>. Tensions between <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Orleanism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Orleanism (not yet started)">Orleanist</a> and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Radicalism_(historical)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Radicalism (historical) (not yet started)">Radical</a> Republicans and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialist?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">Socialists</a> would cause the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=June_Days_Uprising&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="June Days Uprising (not yet started)">June Days Uprising</a> a few months later.</p> <p>Meanwhile the revolution inspired other <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Revolutions_of_1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Revolutions of 1848">European Revolutions of 1848</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="The_End_of_the_Revolution_in_France">The End of the Revolution in France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution_of_1848&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: The End of the Revolution in France" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The era of revolution in France came to an end when <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Napoleon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Napoleon">Louis Napoleon</a> dissolved the National Assembly without having the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitutionalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitutionalism">constitutional right</a> to do so, and became the sole ruler of France. In 1852 he reestablished the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire">empire</a> and took the title Emperors <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="1848_Revolution_in_literature">1848 Revolution in literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution_of_1848&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: 1848 Revolution in literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Marx?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s Essay <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/">The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte</a></i> (1852) describes the 1848 revolution as a <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Class_struggle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Class struggle">class struggle</a>.</li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐9dtxv Cached time: 20241123060257 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.080 seconds Real time usage: 0.198 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 578/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4209/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 580/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.024/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 918526/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 66.595 1 Template:Infobox_historical_event 100.00% 66.595 1 -total 79.03% 52.629 1 Template:Infobox 15.42% 10.272 5 Template:Ifempty 4.35% 2.894 1 Template:Template_other 2.52% 1.675 1 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key simplewiki:pcache:idhash:111844-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123060257 and revision id 9522114. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.002 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DFrench_Revolution_of_1848%26oldid%3D9522114">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution_of_1848&amp;oldid=9522114</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution_of_1848&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Davey2010" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1714762241"> <span>Last edited on 3 May 2024, at 18:50</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848er-Revolution_in_Frankreich" title="1848er-Revolution in Frankreich – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1848er-Revolution in Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_(1848)" title="الثورة الفرنسية (1848) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الثورة الفرنسية (1848)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848-ci_il_Fransa_inqilab%25C4%25B1" title="1848-ci il Fransa inqilabı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1848-ci il Fransa inqilabı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_(1848)" title="Френска революция (1848) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френска революция (1848)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispac%2527h_Gall_1848" title="Dispac'h Gall 1848 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dispac'h Gall 1848" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%25C3%25B3_francesa_de_1848" title="Revolució francesa de 1848 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolució francesa de 1848" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259Anorov%25C3%25A1_revoluce_1848" title="Únorová revoluce 1848 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Únorová revoluce 1848" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Februarrevolutionen_(Frankrig)" title="Februarrevolutionen (Frankrig) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Februarrevolutionen (Frankrig)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Februarrevolution_1848" title="Februarrevolution 1848 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Februarrevolution 1848" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_1848._aasta_revolutsioon" title="Prantsuse 1848. aasta revolutsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse 1848. aasta revolutsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2595%25CF%2580%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AC%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7_%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_1848" title="Γαλλική Επανάσταση του 1848 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική Επανάσταση του 1848" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848 – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French Revolution of 1848" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%25C3%25B3n_francesa_de_1848" title="Revolución francesa de 1848 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revolución francesa de 1848" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_revolucio_de_1848" title="Franca revolucio de 1848 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca revolucio de 1848" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848ko_Frantziako_Iraultza" title="1848ko Frantziako Iraultza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1848ko Frantziako Iraultza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8_%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B4%25DB%25B8_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="انقلاب ۱۸۴۸ فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انقلاب ۱۸۴۸ فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9volution_fran%25C3%25A7aise_de_1848" title="Révolution française de 1848 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Révolution française de 1848" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%25C3%25B3n_Francesa_de_1848" title="Revolución Francesa de 1848 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Revolución Francesa de 1848" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25EC%258A%25A4_2%25EC%259B%2594_%25ED%2598%2581%25EB%25AA%2585" title="프랑스 2월 혁명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 2월 혁명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D6%2583%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AD%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6_(1848)" title="Ֆրանսիական հեղափոխություն (1848) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիական հեղափոխություն (1848)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF_(%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AA%25E0%25A5%25AE)" title="फ्रांस की क्रांति (१८४८) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांस की क्रांति (१८४८)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_Prancis_(1848)" title="Revolusi Prancis (1848) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Revolusi Prancis (1848)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febr%25C3%25BAarbyltingin_%25C3%25AD_Frakklandi" title="Febrúarbyltingin í Frakklandi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Febrúarbyltingin í Frakklandi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivoluzione_francese_del_1848" title="Rivoluzione francese del 1848 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivoluzione francese del 1848" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2594%25D7%25A4%25D7%259B%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_1848_%25D7%2591%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA" title="מהפכות 1848 בצרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהפכות 1848 בצרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590_(1848)" title="საფრანგეთის რევოლუცია (1848) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის რევოლუცია (1848)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_novae_Francicae_anno_1848" title="Res novae Francicae anno 1848 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res novae Francicae anno 1848" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848._febru%25C3%25A1ri_forradalom" title="1848. februári forradalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1848. februári forradalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Februarirevolutie_(1848)" title="Februarirevolutie (1848) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Februarirevolutie (1848)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF_(%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AA%25E0%25A5%25AE)" title="फ्रान्सको क्रान्ति (१८४८) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सको क्रान्ति (१८४८)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E3%2581%25AE%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="1848年のフランス革命 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1848年のフランス革命" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Februarrevolusjonen_1848" title="Februarrevolusjonen 1848 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Februarrevolusjonen 1848" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Februarrevolusjonen" title="Februarrevolusjonen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Februarrevolusjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa_de_1848" title="Revolucion Francesa de 1848 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Revolucion Francesa de 1848" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewolucja_lutowa_(1848)" title="Rewolucja lutowa (1848) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rewolucja lutowa (1848)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_francesa_de_1848" title="Revolução francesa de 1848 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revolução francesa de 1848" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%25C8%259Bia_francez%25C4%2583_de_la_1848" title="Revoluția franceză de la 1848 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revoluția franceză de la 1848" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_1848_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="Революция 1848 года во Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Революция 1848 года во Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2583%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5_1848._%25D1%2583_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2598" title="Револуције 1848. у Француској – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Револуције 1848. у Француској" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_revolucija_1848." title="Francuska revolucija 1848. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska revolucija 1848." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmikuun_vallankumous_(Ranska)" title="Helmikuun vallankumous (Ranska) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helmikuun vallankumous (Ranska)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Februarirevolutionen_1848" title="Februarirevolutionen 1848 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Februarirevolutionen 1848" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%258F%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%259D%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AA_%25E0%25B8%2584.%25E0%25B8%25A8._1848" title="การปฏิวัติฝรั่งเศส ค.ศ. 1848 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปฏิวัติฝรั่งเศส ค.ศ. 1848" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848_Frans%25C4%25B1z_Devrimi" title="1848 Fransız Devrimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1848 Fransız Devrimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_%25D1%2583_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%2597_(1848)" title="Революція у Франції (1848) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Революція у Франції (1848)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848%25D8%25A1_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="1848ء کا انقلاب انقلاب فرانس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1848ء کا انقلاب انقلاب فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B%25E4%25BA%258C%25E6%259C%2588%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="法國二月革命 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國二月革命" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B%25E4%25BA%258C%25E6%259C%2588%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="法國二月革命 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法國二月革命" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last changed on 3 May 2024, at 18:50.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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