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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovene-Italian_bilingualism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Slovene-Italian bilingualism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovene-Italian_bilingualism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Slovene Istria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dstria_eslovena" title="Ístria eslovena – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ístria eslovena" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koprsko_primorje" title="Koprsko primorje – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koprsko primorje" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloveenia_Istria" title="Sloveenia Istria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sloveenia Istria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ایستریای اسلوونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایستریای اسلوونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrie_slov%C3%A8ne" title="Istrie slovène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Istrie slovène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Istria_Shl%C3%B3iv%C3%A9anach" title="An Istria Shlóivéanach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Istria Shlóivéanach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenska_Istra" title="Slovenska Istra – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovenska Istra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سلووین ایستریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلووین ایستریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3574141#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Slovene_Istria&params=45_33_9.09_N_13_54_11.51_E_type:adm1st_region:SI_dim:75km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°33′9.09″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°54′11.51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.5525250°N 13.9031972°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.5525250; 13.9031972</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><i>Slovene Istria</i></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="sl">Slovenska Istra <span class="languageicon">(in Slovene)</span><br /> Istria slovena <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Slovenia highlighting the region location"><img alt="Map of Slovenia highlighting the region location" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png/250px-SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png/375px-SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png/500px-SlovenianIstriaLocationMap.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="463" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Slovenia highlighting the region location</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2002)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">93,089</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+01">UTC+01</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+02">UTC+02</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Slovene Istria</b> (<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">slovenska Istra</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Istria slovena</i>) is a region in southwest <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. It comprises the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istrian</a> peninsula, and is part of the wider geographical-historical region known as the <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Littoral" title="Slovene Littoral">Slovene Littoral</a>. Its largest urban center is <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a>. Other large settlements are <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portoro%C5%BE" title="Portorož">Portorož</a>. The entire region has around 120 settlements. In its coastal area, both <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> are official languages. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Riviera" title="Slovene Riviera">Slovene Riviera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Slovenska obala</i>) is located in Slovene Istria; both terms are sometimes used interchangeably, especially in the media,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> although Slovene Istria includes a wider geographical area. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg/240px-Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg/360px-Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg/480px-Piran_harbour_Tartini_trg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5913" data-file-height="3972" /></a><figcaption>Medieval centre of <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Istrian peninsula was known to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> as the <i>terra magica</i>. Its name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Histri" title="Histri">Histri</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian tribe</a> whom the geographer <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> stated lived in the region. Romans described them as <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a> who were hard to conquer due to the difficulty of navigating their territory. After two military campaigns, Roman legions finally subdued them in 177 BC. Many remains of ancient harbours and settlements still remain today, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Ankaran" title="Ankaran">Ankaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrvatini" title="Hrvatini">Hrvatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a>. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Roman Empire">fall of the Western Roman Empire</a> in 476, Istria was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>. At the end of the 6th century, <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> arrived and built their first permanent settlement around AD 700. During Byzantine rule, the area was briefly ruled by the Avars. Istria was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> in 751 and by the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> in 774. It came under <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> rule during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, when his son <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Carloman</a> conquered the peninsula in 789, and it was incorporated into the Carolingian <a href="/wiki/March_of_Friuli" title="March of Friuli">March of Friuli</a>. </p><p>In 952 King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I of Germany</a> ceded Istria together with the vast <a href="/wiki/March_of_Verona" title="March of Verona">March of Verona and Aquileia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Dukes of Bavaria</a>. From 976 onward Verona was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Dukes of Carinthia</a>, until in 1040 King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> established the separate <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">March of Istria</a>, which thereafter was successively controlled by various noble dynasties such as the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/House_of_Andechs" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Andechs">House of Andechs</a> (temporarily ruling as the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Merania" title="Duchy of Merania">Dukes of Merania</a>). In 1208/09 it fell to the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Aquileia" title="Patriarchate of Aquileia">Patriarchs of Aquileia</a>, while large parts of the estates were held by the comital <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gorizia" title="House of Gorizia">House of Gorizia</a>. </p><p>Starting in 1267 the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> gradually annexed the Istrian coast, also aided by the strong presence of the native <a href="/wiki/Istriot_language" title="Istriot language">Romance-speaking communities</a>; the region <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">regained</a> its <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">overseas ties</a> which were loosened by the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">barbarian invasions</a>. The coastal area somewhat reflowered, but the Venetian government's enmity toward <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> limited relations with the hinterland. After <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s triumph <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1797_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars">in Padania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> in 1797 gave most of the Venetian Republic and all of the peninsula to the Habsburgs. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG/240px-Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG/360px-Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG/480px-Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_Hrastovlje.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Fortified <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Hrastovlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Hrastovlje">Holy Trinity Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hrastovlje" title="Hrastovlje">Hrastovlje</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1805 and 1813, it was under French rule, first as part of the Napoleonic <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy</a>, then as a province within the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a>. In 1813, it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>, which unified the whole peninsula under a single administration with the capital in <a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a>. In 1860, Istria became an autonomous province within the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a>, with its own <a href="/wiki/Provincial_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial diet">Provincial diet</a> (Assembly). What is today Slovenian Istria was divided among the administrative district of <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volosko" title="Volosko">Volosko</a>: the former extended to the present-day municipalities of Koper, Izola and Piran, while the latter extended to the present-day municipality of <a href="/wiki/Hrpelje-Kozina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrpelje-Kozina">Hrpelje-Kozina</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, according to the peace <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rapallo,_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Rapallo, 1920">Treaty of Rapallo</a>, in 1920 Istria became part of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> occupation spoiled ethnic relations. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Istria was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. As a consequence, between 1945 and 1954, an estimated 350,000 ethnic <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> left the Slovenian Istria in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a>, together with several thousand <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a>. Between 1947 and 1954, Slovenian Istria was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Federal_People%27s_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a>. After the abolition of the Free Territory in 1954, the region became part of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Slovenia">People's Republic of Slovenia</a> within Yugoslavia. </p><p>Between the 1950s and 1970s, the region experienced profound changes. A significant portion of the rural population moved to the coastal towns, which remained semi-deserted after the <a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a>. The local Italian population shrank in number. Many villages were depopulated, while the towns grew in number. Koper developed into an important portal town, and one of the major centres of Slovenian economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 43 kilometers long <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a> of Slovenian Istria has numerous peninsulas and bays such as <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran peninsula</a> and Gulf of Piran, <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Gulf of Koper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankaran" title="Ankaran">Ankaran peninsula</a> on which is at the same time one of only two nature reserves on Slovenian coast, the other one being the <a href="/wiki/Strunjan" title="Strunjan">Strunjan reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Strunjan reserve lies the only coastal <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">cliff</a> in Slovenia which is at the same time the only cliff in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste Bay</a>. The inner part of the region is more hilly, with various types of landscape, including the most known <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> landscape in the <a href="/wiki/Karst_Plateau" title="Karst Plateau">Karst</a> region. </p><p>The most important water-flows in Slovenian Istria are the <a href="/wiki/Dragonja" title="Dragonja">Dragonja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%BEana" title="Rižana">Rižana</a> rivers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_(32206671028).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Koper"><img alt="Koper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_%2832206671028%29.jpg/371px-Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_%2832206671028%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_%2832206671028%29.jpg/556px-Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_%2832206671028%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_%2832206671028%29.jpg/741px-Koper_I_-_At_the_Coast_%2832206671028%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 228px"><div class="gallerytext">Koper</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Izolasun.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Izola"><img alt="Izola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/Izolasun.JPG/352px-Izolasun.JPG" decoding="async" width="235" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/Izolasun.JPG/527px-Izolasun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b6/Izolasun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 215px"><div class="gallerytext">Izola</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piran,_Slov%C3%A9nie_(48394618331).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piran"><img alt="Piran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Piran%2C_Slov%C3%A9nie_%2848394618331%29.jpg/270px-Piran%2C_Slov%C3%A9nie_%2848394618331%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Piran%2C_Slov%C3%A9nie_%2848394618331%29.jpg/405px-Piran%2C_Slov%C3%A9nie_%2848394618331%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Piran%2C_Slov%C3%A9nie_%2848394618331%29.jpg/540px-Piran%2C_Slov%C3%A9nie_%2848394618331%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2732" data-file-height="1823" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">Piran</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portoro%C5%BE_(Slovenia)_from_Crveni_Vrh,_Op%C4%87ina_Umag,_Croatia_-_panoramio_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portorož"><img alt="Portorož" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portoro%C5%BE_%28Slovenia%29_from_Crveni_Vrh%2C_Op%C4%87ina_Umag%2C_Croatia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/270px-Portoro%C5%BE_%28Slovenia%29_from_Crveni_Vrh%2C_Op%C4%87ina_Umag%2C_Croatia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portoro%C5%BE_%28Slovenia%29_from_Crveni_Vrh%2C_Op%C4%87ina_Umag%2C_Croatia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/405px-Portoro%C5%BE_%28Slovenia%29_from_Crveni_Vrh%2C_Op%C4%87ina_Umag%2C_Croatia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portoro%C5%BE_%28Slovenia%29_from_Crveni_Vrh%2C_Op%C4%87ina_Umag%2C_Croatia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/540px-Portoro%C5%BE_%28Slovenia%29_from_Crveni_Vrh%2C_Op%C4%87ina_Umag%2C_Croatia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">Portorož</div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rural landscape in Slovenian Istria"><img alt="Rural landscape in Slovenian Istria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg/240px-St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg/360px-St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg/480px-St_Quiricus_church_in_Slovenian_Istria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rural landscape in Slovenian Istria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sečovlje Saltworks"><img alt="Sečovlje Saltworks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg/270px-Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg/405px-Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg/540px-Se%C4%8Dovlje-234887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5938" data-file-height="3959" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Se%C4%8Dovlje_Saltworks" title="Sečovlje Saltworks">Sečovlje Saltworks</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moon Bay, Strunjan"><img alt="Moon Bay, Strunjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg/240px-Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg/360px-Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg/480px-Strunjan-Mesecev_zaliv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moon Bay, <a href="/wiki/Strunjan" title="Strunjan">Strunjan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankaran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Debeli Rtič Peninsula and Ankaran"><img alt="Debeli Rtič Peninsula and Ankaran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ankaran.jpg/270px-Ankaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ankaran.jpg/406px-Ankaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ankaran.jpg/541px-Ankaran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Debeli Rtič Peninsula and <a href="/wiki/Ankaran" title="Ankaran">Ankaran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A cruise ship in Koper harbour"><img alt="A cruise ship in Koper harbour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG/240px-Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG/360px-Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG/480px-Azamara_at_noon_in_Koper.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cruise ship in Koper harbour</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_transportation">Economy and transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy and transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovenian Istria is the second most prosperous region in Slovenia after <a href="/wiki/Central_Slovenian_statistical_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Slovenian statistical region">Central Slovenia</a>. The two most important economic branches are transport and tourism, followed by services and industry. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Koper" title="Port of Koper">Port of Koper</a> is the only international port in Slovenia and one of the largest in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. It is considered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (November 2021)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as one of the strategically most important firms in Slovenian economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism is one of the main industries on the Slovenian coast, especially in <a href="/wiki/Portoro%C5%BE" title="Portorož">Portorož</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Se%C4%8Dovlje" title="Sečovlje">Sečovlje</a>, where the most important historical monument is the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Gothic">Venetian Gothic</a> Mediterranean town of Piran. The neighboring town of Portorož is a popular modern tourist resort, offering entertainment in gambling tourism. The former fishermen town of Izola has also been transformed into a popular tourist destination; many tourists also appreciate the old Medieval center of the port of Koper, which is however less popular among tourists than the other two Slovenian coastal towns. Near the village of Sečovlje there is the <a href="/wiki/Se%C4%8Dovlje_Salina_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sečovlje Salina Nature Park">Sečovlje Salina Nature Park</a>, which is a cultural heritage site and a tourist attraction. Among other less important are the <a href="/wiki/Strunjan" title="Strunjan">Strunjan nature reserve</a>, various small camps in the nature, village of <a href="/wiki/Ankaran" title="Ankaran">Ankaran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debeli_Rti%C4%8D" title="Debeli Rtič">Debeli Rtič</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wines_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wines of Slovenia">Wines of Slovenia</a></div> <p>Slovenian Istria is especially renowned for its <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>. The most common wine varieties are <a href="/wiki/Refosco" title="Refosco">refosco</a> (red) and <a href="/wiki/Malvasia" title="Malvasia">malvasia</a> (white). Other products include <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">figs</a>, and vegetables, such as <a href="/wiki/Radicchio" title="Radicchio">radicchio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Slovenia" title="Italian language in Slovenia">Italian language in Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Languages of Slovenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg/200px-Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg/300px-Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg/400px-Trilingual_traffic_sign_on_A1_near_Koper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>A multilingual sign in Slovene and Italian (also partly in Croatian) near Koper.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Riviera" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Riviera">Slovenian Riviera</a> and some villages in the interior, both Slovene and Italian are official languages.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the rest of Slovenian Istria, comprising most of its rural area, only Slovene is recognized as official language. </p><p>According to the 2002 census, Slovene is spoken as the first language by 70.2% of the inhabitants of Slovenian Istria, Italian by 3.3%, and various forms of <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, dominated by Croatian, by 16% of the population. The highest percentage of Italian speakers is in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a> (7%), while the highest percentage of Croatian speakers is in <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a> (31%). General population polls have shown that the majority of the population in Slovenian Istria is conversational in several languages: <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, all of which have at least some degree of presence in press, administration, business and popular culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovene-Italian_bilingualism">Slovene-Italian bilingualism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Slovene-Italian bilingualism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both Slovene and Italian are official in the municipalities of Piran, Izola and Koper. However, Italian is co-official only in the strip of land on the coast, traditionally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a>. In the villages in the interior, only Slovene is official.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to law, all official signs are to be written in both languages, as should all public notifications. Italian is to be used in all public offices in the bilingual area. For most jobs in the public administration and other public offices, the knowledge of both Slovene and Italian is required. Beside Slovene language schools, there are also elementary, high and grammar schools with Italian as the language of instruction. Pupils may choose between an education in Slovene or Italian; in either case, the other official language is being taught during the whole period of education, in order to provide that all residents speak both languages. At the state-owned <a href="/wiki/University_of_Primorska" title="University of Primorska">University of Primorska</a>, however, which is also established in the bilingual area, Slovene is the only language of instruction (although the official name of the university additionally includes the Italian version). </p><p>Italian may be used in the municipal assemblies of Koper, Izola and Piran, although in practice almost all discussions are carried out in Slovene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the rural areas of Slovenian Istria, the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_dialect" title="Istrian dialect">Istrian dialect</a> of Slovene is still spoken. It is divided into two sub-dialects: the <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%BEana_subdialect" title="Rižana subdialect">Rižana subdialect</a>, spoken in the northern areas, and the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0avrin_Hills_subdialect" title="Šavrin Hills subdialect">Šavrin Hills subdialect</a>, spoken in the southern areas. In the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Hrpelje-Kozina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrpelje-Kozina">Hrpelje-Kozina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Carniolan_dialect" title="Inner Carniolan dialect">Inner Carniolan dialect</a> is spoken. In a few villages on the border with <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%8Darija_dialect" title="Čičarija dialect">Čičarija dialect</a> is spoken, which is considered a transitional dialect between Slovene and <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Čakavian">Čakavian Croatian</a>. </p><p>In the urban areas, a hybrid regional version of Slovene is spoken, which is phonetically very different from the rural dialects. It developed after World War Two, when new settlers from all Slovenia (many of whom from <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Styria" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Styria">Slovenian Styria</a>) moved into the towns, left by the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a>. Although it has borrowed many words from the Istrian dialect, it is markedly distinguishable from it. </p><p>Traditionally, the Istrian Italians living in Slovenian Istria have spoken the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian language</a>, which is nowadays being increasingly replaced by standard Italian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/">Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dragonja.mbss.org/Strunjan/index.html#top">Strunjan Nature Reserve site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070627215719/http://dragonja.mbss.org/Strunjan/index.html">Archived</a> 2007-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/destinations/the-mediterranean-you-dontknow/article25591358/">"Slovenian Istria: The Mediterranean you don't know - The Globe and Mail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>. 20 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Slovenian+Istria%3A+The+Mediterranean+you+don%27t+know+-+The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Flife%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fthe-mediterranean-you-dontknow%2Farticle25591358%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlovene+Istria" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Istria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdravilisce-debelirtic.org/">Mladinsko zdravilišče Debeli rtič</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Slovene_Istria&params=45_33_9.09_N_13_54_11.51_E_type:adm1st_region:SI_dim:75km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial 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