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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Libyco-Berber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyco-Berber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuareg_Tifinagh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuareg_Tifinagh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tuareg Tifinagh</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tuareg_Tifinagh-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tuareg Tifinagh subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tuareg_Tifinagh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neo-Tifinagh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Tifinagh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Neo-Tifinagh</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Neo-Tifinagh-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Neo-Tifinagh subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Neo-Tifinagh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Political history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Letters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Letters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tifinagh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B2%E1%8D%8A%E1%8A%93%E1%89%85" title="ቲፊናቅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቲፊናቅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="تيفيناغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيفيناغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinag" title="Tifinag – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tifinag" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinaq" title="Tifinaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tifinaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Либийска писменост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Либийска писменост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh-Schrift" title="Tifinagh-Schrift – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tifinagh-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skritur_berberek" title="Skritur berberek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skritur berberek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinag" title="Tifinag – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tifinag" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="تيفيناغ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تيفيناغ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh-Schrift" title="Tifinagh-Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tifinagh-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B3" title="Τιφινάγ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τιφινάγ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinag" title="Tifinag – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tifinag" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="تیفیناغ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیفیناغ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_tifinagh" title="Alfabeto tifinagh – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%ED%94%BC%EB%82%98%EA%B7%B8_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="티피나그 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티피나그 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Tifinagh" title="Aksara Tifinagh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADf%C3%ADnagh" title="Tífínagh – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tífínagh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrittura_tifinagh" title="Scrittura tifinagh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scrittura tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagas" title="Tifinagas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tifinagas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_tifinagh" title="Alfabeta tifinagh – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Tifinagh" title="Aksara Tifinagh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aksara Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ティフィナグ文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティフィナグ文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh-Schrift" title="Tifinagh-Schrift – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tifinagh-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_tifinague" title="Alfabeto tifinague – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto tifinague" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тифинаг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тифинаг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinag" title="Tifinag – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tifinag" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tifinagh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifina%C9%A3" title="Tifinaɣ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tifinaɣ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifina%C9%A3" title="Tifinaɣ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tifinaɣ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="อักษรทิฟินาค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรทิฟินาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinag" title="Tifinag – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tifinag" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тифінаг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тифінаг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinar" title="Tifinar – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tifinar" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinag" title="Tifinag – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tifinag" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Abjad of the Tuareg languages</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:palegreen;">Tifinagh<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kidal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kidal.jpg/220px-Kidal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kidal.jpg/330px-Kidal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kidal.jpg/440px-Kidal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Entrance to the town of <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>. The name is written in Tuareg Tifinagh (<span title="Tamashek-language text"><span lang="tmh-Tfng">ⴾⴸⵍ</span></span>, <i><span title="Tifinagh-script transliteration"><span>KDL</span></span></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6th century BCE – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right, <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_script" title="Right-to-left script">right-to-left script</a>, top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208503?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg Berber language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><sup id="cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centrederechercheberbere.fr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber_alphabet" title="Libyco-Berber alphabet">Libyco-Berber alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Tifinagh</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Neo-Tifinagh (20th century)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tifinagh</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg Berber language</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r866781264">.mw-parser-output .script-tifinagh{font-family:"DejaVu Sans",Ebrima,FreeSans,"Noto Sans Tifinagh"}</style><span class="script-tifinagh">ⵜⴼⵏⵗ</span>; Neo-Tifinagh: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh">ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ</span>; <a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Berber Latin alphabet</a>: <span title="Berber languages collective text"><i lang="ber-Latn">Tifinaɣ</i></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Berber pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ber-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">[tifinaɣ]</a></span>) is a script used to write the <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber languages</a>. Tifinagh is descended from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber_alphabet" title="Libyco-Berber alphabet">Libyco-Berber alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional Tifinagh, sometimes called <b>Tuareg Tifinagh</b>, is still favored by the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> desert in southern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, northeastern <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Tuareg in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> for writing the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Neo-Tifinagh</b> is an alphabet developed by the <a href="/wiki/Berber_Academy" title="Berber Academy">Berber Academy</a> by adopting Tuareg Tifinagh for use for <a href="/wiki/Kabyle_language" title="Kabyle language">Kabyle</a>; it has been since modified for use across North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tifinagh is one of three major competing <a href="/wiki/Berber_orthography" title="Berber orthography">Berber orthographies</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Berber Latin alphabet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tifinagh is the official script for Tamazight, an official language of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Algeria" title="Languages of Algeria">Algeria</a>. However, outside of symbolic cultural uses, Latin remains the dominant script for writing Berber languages throughout North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-choice_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choice-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Libyco-Berber script<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was used by the ancient northern Berbers known as <a href="/wiki/Mazices" title="Mazices">Libyco-Berbers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <a href="/wiki/Numidians" title="Numidians">Numidians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afri" title="Afri">Afri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mauri" title="Mauri">Mauretanians</a>, who inhabited the northern parts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>tifinagh</i> (singular <i>tafinəq</i> < *ta-finəɣ-t) is thought by some scholars to be a Berberized feminine plural cognate or adaptation of the Latin word <i>Punicus</i> 'Punic, Phoenician' through the Berber feminine prefix <i>ti-</i> and the root <b>√</b>FNƔ < *<b>√</b>PNQ < Latin <i>Punicus</i>; thus <i>tifinagh</i> could possibly mean 'the Phoenician (letters)'<sup id="cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centrederechercheberbere.fr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 'the Punic letters'. Others support an etymology involving the Tuareg verb <i>efnegh</i> 'to write'.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Tuareg verb <i>efnegh</i> is probably derived from the noun <i>Tifinagh</i> because all the northern Berbers of Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia and northern Libya have a different (and probably older) verb <i>ari ~ aru ~ ara</i> 'to write'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Libyco-Berber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber_alphabet" title="Libyco-Berber alphabet">Libyco-Berber alphabet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden,_Morocco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden%2C_Morocco.jpg/220px-Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden%2C_Morocco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden%2C_Morocco.jpg/330px-Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden%2C_Morocco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden%2C_Morocco.jpg/440px-Libyco-Berber_inscriptions_in_Oukaimeden%2C_Morocco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Libyco-Berber inscriptions in Oukaimeden, Morocco</figcaption></figure> <p>Before or during the existence of the ancient Berber kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a> (northern Algeria) and <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (northern Morocco), between 202 BCE–25 BCE, many inscriptions were engraved using the <a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber script">Libyco-Berber script</a>, also known as Ancient Libyan (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">libyque</i></span>). The Libyco-Berber script is found in thousands of stone inscriptions and engravings throughout Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia, northern Libya and the Canary Islands. </p><p>The exact evolution of both Libyco-Berber and Tifinagh is still unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-google60_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google60-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter writing system was widely used in antiquity by speakers of the largely undeciphered <a href="/wiki/Numidian_language" title="Numidian language">Numidian language</a>, also called Old Libyan, throughout Africa and on the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>. The script's origin is uncertain, with some scholars suggesting it is related to, descended or developed from the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><sup id="cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centrederechercheberbere.fr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others argue an independent conception with slight Phoenician influences.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first appearance is also uncertain, but it is no older than the first millennium BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the oldest remains likely originating from the 6th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It disappeared in the northernmost areas of North Africa during the 8th century, after the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Arab conquest of the Maghreb</a>, Libyco-Berber along with Latin being replaced by the Arabic script.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Libyco-Berber script was a pure <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">abjad</a>; it had no vowels. <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">Gemination</a> was not marked. The writing was usually from the bottom to the top, although right-to-left, and even other orders, were also found. The letters took different forms when written vertically than when they were written horizontally.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tuareg_Tifinagh">Tuareg Tifinagh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tuareg Tifinagh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient Libyco-Berber script branched into the Tuareg Tifinagh script which is used to this day<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to write the Berber <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg languages</a>, which belong to the Berber branch of the <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a> family. Early uses of the script have been found on <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">rock art</a> and in various <a href="/wiki/Sepulchres" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepulchres">sepulchres</a>. Among these are the 1,500 year old <a href="/wiki/Tin_Hinan_Tomb" title="Tin Hinan Tomb">monumental tomb</a> of the Tuareg matriarch <a href="/wiki/Tin_Hinan" title="Tin Hinan">Tin Hinan</a>, where vestiges of a Tifinagh inscription have been found on one of its walls.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to M. C. A. MacDonald, the Tuareg are "an entirely oral society in which memory and oral communication perform all the functions which reading and writing have in a literate society ... The Tifinagh are used primarily for games and puzzles, short graffiti and brief messages."<sup id="cite_ref-google60_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google60-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Occasionally, the script has been used to write other neighbouring languages such as <a href="/wiki/Tagdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagdal">Tagdal</a>, which belongs to a separate <a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a> family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthography">Orthography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common forms of the letters are illustrated at left, including various ligatures of <i>t</i> and <i>n</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">Gemination</a>, though phonemic, is not indicated in Tifinagh. The letter <i>t</i>, ⵜ, is often combined with a preceding letter to form a <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligature</a>. Most of the letters have more than one common form, including mirror-images of the forms shown above. </p><p>When the letters <i>l</i> and <i>n</i> are adjacent to themselves or to each other, the second is offset, either by inclining, lowering, raising, or shortening it. For example, since the letter <i>l</i> is a double line, ||, and <i>n</i> a single line, |, the sequence <i>nn</i> may be written |/ to differentiate it from <i>l</i>. Similarly, <i>ln</i> is ||/, <i>nl</i> |//, <i>ll</i> ||//, <i>nnn</i> |/|, etc. </p><p>Traditionally, the Tifinagh script does not indicate vowels except word-finally, where a single dot stands for any vowel (or ⵢ and ⵓ for -i and -u, respectively, in Ahaggar Tifinagh). In some areas, Arabic vowel diacritics are combined with Tifinagh letters to transcribe vowels, or <i>y, w</i> may be used for long <i>ī</i> and <i>ū</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neo-Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Neo-Tifinagh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Neo-Tifinagh<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamazgha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tamazgha.png/220px-Tamazgha.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tamazgha.png/330px-Tamazgha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tamazgha.png/440px-Tamazgha.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1970 to present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right, <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_script" title="Right-to-left script">right-to-left script</a>, top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208503?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Moroccan_Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Moroccan Berber">Standard Moroccan Berber</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Northern_Berber_languages" title="Northern Berber languages">Northern Berber languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;">? <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li>? <a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>? <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><sup id="cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centrederechercheberbere.fr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber_alphabet" title="Libyco-Berber alphabet">Libyco-Berber alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Tifinagh (Tuareg Tifinagh)<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Neo-Tifinagh</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Tfng</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(120)</span>, Tifinagh (Berber)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Tifinagh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2D30.pdf">U+2D30–U+2D7F</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Neo-Tifinagh is the modern fully <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabetic</a> script developed by the <a href="/wiki/Berber_Academy" title="Berber Academy">Berber Academy</a>, based in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the academy had to choose a script to transliterate the Berber language. The choice between Tifinagh and Latin scripts then sparked intense debate both within and outside the Academy. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Mohand_Arav_Bessaoud" title="Mohand Arav Bessaoud">Mohand Arav Bessaoud</a>, a founding member of the academy and strong Tifinagh advocate, recounted the resistance he faced from prominent figures like <a href="/wiki/Mouloud_Mammeri" title="Mouloud Mammeri">Mouloud Mammeri</a> and Ramdane Achab, who argued that Tifinagh was archaic, obsolete, non-cursive, and impractical. Despite the criticism, Bessaoud persisted in promoting Tifinagh.</p><blockquote><p>"Achab Ramdane opposed my actions, calling it rekindling extinguished embers" - Said Bessaouad <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p><b>Efforts to Promote Tifinagh</b> </p><p>In 1970, a meeting took place to decide on a system of writing. Influenced by Mahdjoubi Ahardane, Bessaoud opted for Tifinagh. Ahardane argued that Tifinagh was not merely a script but a testament to Berber history and identity. Further steps were taken afterwards regarding the standardization of the script.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1973, <a href="/wiki/Ammar_Negadi" title="Ammar Negadi">Ammar Negadi</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Chaoui_people" title="Chaoui people">Chaoui</a> writer and fervent advocate of the Tifinagh script, passionately defended the use of Tifinagh, he has been elected secretary general of the Berber Academy, now called Agraw Imazighen, in the Paris region. propagating the academy's publications and cultural activities.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Negadi reflected on his efforts: "I distributed all of Agraw Imazighen's writings throughout the <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès</a> region starting in 1973. The goal wasn't regular correspondence but widespread dissemination of Tifinagh."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neo-Tifinagh was spread by the Berber Academy's active promotion of the script, including its usage in their bulletin, <i>Imazighen</i>, which was widely read by Berber communities in Algeria and Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official activities of the Berber Academy ceased when Mohand Bessaoud Arav was imprisoned. </p><p>By 1980, Negadi founded his spin-off organization UPA (Amazigh People's Union), which published a bulletin in both Latin and Tifinagh, called <i>Azaghen/Link</i>. He remained convinced that Tifinagh was the best graphical tool to express Berber language and culture, seeing it as part of the cultural heritage and identity to be defended.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UPA bulletins continued to promote the Tifinagh alphabet, while activist <a href="/wiki/Messaoud_Nedjahi" title="Messaoud Nedjahi">Messaoud Nedjahi</a> streamlined its characters from 50 to 26.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process inspired the Afus Deg Fus association to create the first set of standardized Neo-Tifinagh fonts in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azaghen_-_Link.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Azaghen_-_Link.jpg/220px-Azaghen_-_Link.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Azaghen_-_Link.jpg/330px-Azaghen_-_Link.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Azaghen_-_Link.jpg/440px-Azaghen_-_Link.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Publications of <i>Azaghen/Link</i> by Ammar Negadi - 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>Neo-Tifinagh has since undergone further reform and is used in various contexts throughout North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Amazigh_Culture" title="Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture">Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture</a> has standardized Neo-Tifinagh for use as the official orthography of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Moroccan_Amazigh" title="Standard Moroccan Amazigh">Standard Moroccan Amazigh</a>, an official language of Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_history">Political history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The promotion of Neo-Tifinagh by the Berber Academy and Ammar Negadi's UPA was part of the efforts to spread <a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berberism</a> throughout the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of Neo-Tifinagh in their publications was influential in raising Berber consciousness; one reader has described its effect as being "the proof that we actually existed."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Moroccan state arrested and imprisoned people using Neo-Tifinagh during the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Black_Spring_(Algeria)" title="Black Spring (Algeria)">Algerian Black Spring</a> was also partly caused by this repression of <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Berber_flag" title="Berber flag">Berber flag</a>, which was designed in 1970 and uses the Tifinagh letter <i>z</i> (Tifinagh: ⵣ) from the root of <i>Amazigh</i>, began being used in demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/World_Amazigh_Congress" title="World Amazigh Congress">World Amazigh Congress</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Morocco, following the creation of Standard Moroccan Amazigh in 2001, the 2003 adoption of Neo-Tifinagh served as a way to compromise between the deeply split proponents of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> versus the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> as Amazigh's official orthography.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-choice_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choice-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This choice, however, has also resulted in backlash from many Amazigh activists, who find Tifinagh to be limiting when compared to the Latin script.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-choice_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choice-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Libya, the government of <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> consistently banned Tifinagh from being used in public contexts such as store displays and banners.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a> has shown an openness towards the Berber language. The rebel <a href="/wiki/Libya_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya TV">Libya TV</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, has included the Berber language and the Neo-Tifinagh alphabet in some of its programming.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tifinagh continues to be used as "an emblem of distinctive Berber identity and nationhood."<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the official adoption of Neo-Tifinagh in Morocco in 2003, the script has been adapted by the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture for modern digital use.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government websites in Morocco may be displayed in Neo-Tifinagh.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 2003, Neo-Tifinagh was used for a small duration of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> elementary school to teach Standard Moroccan Amazigh.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, practical use of Tifinagh in Morocco remains rare; one Amazigh activist has summarized the situation with the anecdote that he "[knows] that some books that were written in Tifinagh were read by only two people ... the one who wrote the book and the one who did the editing!"<sup id="cite_ref-:8_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public displays of Tifinagh in Morocco remains restricted primarily to signage and other culturally conspicuous uses.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Neo-Tifinagh's Algerian origins through the Berber Academy and UPA, the Latin alphabet became the predominant used script. Debate in what script to use for Berber languages tends to view the Latin and Arabic scripts as the primary options.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2012, Tifinagh is "not widely used in education or the media in any country."<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are the letters of Neo-Tifinagh and traditional Tuareg Tifinagh:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable letters-blue"> <caption>IRCAM Neo-Tifinagh alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">ya</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴰ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">a</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257226131">.mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{vertical-align:top;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;padding:0.3em;min-width:3em}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-text{font-size:85%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char span:nth-of-type(even){margin-left:0.4em;padding-left:0.4em;border-left:1px dotted #666}.mw-parser-output .letters-left .template-letter-char{padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-right .template-letter-char{padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-wide .template-letter-char{padding-right:0.8em;padding-left:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .letters-hi .template-letter-char{padding-top:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-lo .template-letter-char{padding-bottom:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-nadir .template-letter-char{padding-bottom:1.8em}.mw-parser-output .letters-tall .template-letter-char{padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257210792">.mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#8B0000}.mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:#edF3F3}.mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#F2FBFB}.mw-parser-output .letters-teal .template-letter-char{color:#007a7c}.mw-parser-output .letters-black .template-letter-char{color:#111}.mw-parser-output .letters-blue .template-letter-char{color:#0000A0}.mw-parser-output .letters-green .template-letter-char{color:#006000}.mw-parser-output .letters-violet .template-letter-char{color:#800080}.mw-parser-output .letters-pink .template-letter-char{color:#DB0A5B}.mw-parser-output .letters-orange .template-letter-char{color:#D43900}.mw-parser-output .letters-gold .template-letter-char{color:#AA5D00}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257186708">html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122);color:#F36060}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#F55592}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-black .template-letter-char{color:#ccc}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-teal .template-letter-char{color:#10ACB0}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-blue .template-letter-char{color:#008DEE}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-green .template-letter-char{color:#23AE23}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.letters-violet .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#A375E8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-pink .template-letter-char{color:#F55592}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-orange .template-letter-char{color:#EE7347}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-gold .template-letter-char{color:#DE8317}</style> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yab</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴱ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">b</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yag</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴳ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">g</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yag</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴳⵯ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">g</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡʷ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yad</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴷ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">d</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaḍ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴹ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ḍ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dˤ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yey</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴻ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">e</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaf</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴼ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">f</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">f</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yak</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴽ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">k</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yak</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴽⵯ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">k</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʷ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yah</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵀ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">h</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">h</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaḥ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵃ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ḥ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ħ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaʕ (yaɛ)</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵄ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ʕ (o)</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʕ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yax</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵅ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">kh</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaq</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵇ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">q</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">q</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yi</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵉ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">i</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaj</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵊ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">j</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yal</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵍ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">l</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yam</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵎ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">m</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yan</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵏ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">n</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yu</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵓ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">u</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yar</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵔ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">r</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaṛ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵕ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ṛ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">rˤ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaɣ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵖ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">gh</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yas</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵙ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">s</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaṣ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵚ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ṣ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sˤ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaš</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵛ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">c</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yat</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵜ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">t</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaṭ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵟ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ṭ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tˤ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaw</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵡ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">w</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yay</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵢ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">y</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaz</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">z</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">z</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaẓ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵥ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Kabyle-language romanization"><i lang="kab-Latn">ẓ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">zˤ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable letters-blue"> <caption>IRCAM extended Tifinagh letters </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yab</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴲ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">b</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">β</span></div><div class="template-letter-text">fricative</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yag</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴴ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">g</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʝ</span></div><div class="template-letter-text">fricative</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yaḍ</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴺ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">ḍ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðˤ</span></div><div class="template-letter-text">fricative</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yak</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴿ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">k</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">x</span></div><div class="template-letter-text">fricative</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yap</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵒ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">p</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yat</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵝ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">t</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">θ</span></div><div class="template-letter-text">fricative</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yav</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵠ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">v</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">v</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yadj</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴵ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">dj, ǧ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d͡ʒ</span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><sup id="cite_ref-ba_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ba-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yah</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵁ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">h</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">h</span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><sup id="cite_ref-ba_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ba-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">yatš</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵞ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Berber languages romanization"><i lang="ber-Latn">ch, č</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t͡ʃ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <caption><b>Tuareg scripts</b><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> <table class="wikitable letters-blue letters-table" style="margin-right: 10px"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains" title="Hoggar Mountains">Ahaggar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ghat,_Libya" title="Ghat, Libya">Ghat</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains" title="Aïr Mountains">Aïr</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Azawagh" title="Azawagh">Azawagh</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Adrar_des_Ifoghas" title="Adrar des Ifoghas">Adrar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>a</i> </td> <td><b>a</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴰ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴰ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴰ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴰ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴰ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>b</i> </td> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵀ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵀ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵀ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵀ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵀ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>d</i> </td> <td><b>d</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴸ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴸ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴹ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴹ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴸ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ḍ</i> </td> <td><b>dˤ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴹ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴹ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴹ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>f</i> </td> <td><b>f</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴼ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴼ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴼ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴼ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵊ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>g</i> </td> <td><b>g</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴳ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴶ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴶ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴶ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴶ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ġ</i> </td> <td><b>g<sup>j</sup></b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴶ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵊ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵘ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>h</i> </td> <td><b>h</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵂ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵂ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵂ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵂ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵂ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>x</i> </td> <td><b>x</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵆ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵆ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵗ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵆ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵆ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>k</i> </td> <td><b>k</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴾ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴾ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴾ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴾ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⴾ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>l</i> </td> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵍ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵍ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵍ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵍ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵍ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>m</i> </td> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵎ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵎ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵎ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵎ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵎ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> </td> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵏ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵏ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵏ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵏ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵏ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ñ</i> </td> <td><b>ɲ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵐ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable letters-blue letters-table"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains" title="Hoggar Mountains">Ahaggar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ghat,_Libya" title="Ghat, Libya">Ghat</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains" title="Aïr Mountains">Aïr</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Azawagh" title="Azawagh">Azawagh</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Adrar_des_Ifoghas" title="Adrar des Ifoghas">Adrar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>ng</i> </td> <td><b>ŋ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵑ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>q</i> </td> <td><b>q</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵈ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵈ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵗ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵆ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵈ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ɣ/gh</i> </td> <td><b>ɣ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵗ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵗ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵘ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵗ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵗ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>r</i> </td> <td><b>r</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵔ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵔ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵔ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵔ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵔ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>s</i> </td> <td><b>s</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵙ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵙ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵙ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵙ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵙ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>š</i> </td> <td><b>ʃ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵛ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵛ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵛ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵛ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">𐌚</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>t</i> </td> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵜ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵜ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵜ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵜ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵜ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ṭ</i> </td> <td><b>tˤ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵟ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵟ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>w</i> </td> <td><b>w</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵓ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵓ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵓ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵓ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵓ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>y</i> </td> <td><b>y</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵢ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵉ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵉ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵢ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵉ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>z</i> </td> <td><b>z</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵌ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵋ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ẓ</i> </td> <td><b>zˤ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵌ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵌ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>ž/j</i> </td> <td><b>ʒ</b> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵋ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵌ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵌ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866781264"><span class="script-tifinagh"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⵣ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ba-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ba_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ba_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berber Academy</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tifinagh_(Unicode_block)" title="Tifinagh (Unicode block)">Tifinagh (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>Tifinagh was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in March 2005, with the release of version 4.1. </p><p>The Unicode block range for Tifinagh is U+2D30–U+2D7F: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh_(Unicode_block)" title="Tifinagh (Unicode block)">Tifinagh</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U2D30_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U2D30_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U2D30_grey"><a href="#endnote_U2D30_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2D30.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Ebrima','Noto Sans Tifinagh';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+2D3x </td> <td title="U+2D30: TIFINAGH LETTER YA">ⴰ </td> <td title="U+2D31: TIFINAGH LETTER YAB">ⴱ </td> <td title="U+2D32: TIFINAGH LETTER YABH">ⴲ </td> <td title="U+2D33: TIFINAGH LETTER YAG">ⴳ </td> <td title="U+2D34: TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH">ⴴ </td> <td title="U+2D35: TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ">ⴵ </td> <td title="U+2D36: TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ">ⴶ </td> <td title="U+2D37: TIFINAGH LETTER YAD">ⴷ </td> <td title="U+2D38: TIFINAGH LETTER YADH">ⴸ </td> <td title="U+2D39: TIFINAGH LETTER YADD">ⴹ </td> <td title="U+2D3A: TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH">ⴺ </td> <td title="U+2D3B: TIFINAGH LETTER YEY">ⴻ </td> <td title="U+2D3C: TIFINAGH LETTER YAF">ⴼ </td> <td title="U+2D3D: TIFINAGH LETTER YAK">ⴽ </td> <td title="U+2D3E: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK">ⴾ </td> <td title="U+2D3F: TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH">ⴿ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Ebrima','Noto Sans Tifinagh';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+2D4x </td> <td title="U+2D40: TIFINAGH LETTER YAH">ⵀ </td> <td title="U+2D41: TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH">ⵁ </td> <td title="U+2D42: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH">ⵂ </td> <td title="U+2D43: TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH">ⵃ </td> <td title="U+2D44: TIFINAGH LETTER YAA">ⵄ </td> <td title="U+2D45: TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH">ⵅ </td> <td title="U+2D46: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH">ⵆ </td> <td title="U+2D47: TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ">ⵇ </td> <td title="U+2D48: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ">ⵈ </td> <td title="U+2D49: TIFINAGH LETTER YI">ⵉ </td> <td title="U+2D4A: TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH">ⵊ </td> <td title="U+2D4B: TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH">ⵋ </td> <td title="U+2D4C: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH">ⵌ </td> <td title="U+2D4D: TIFINAGH LETTER YAL">ⵍ </td> <td title="U+2D4E: TIFINAGH LETTER YAM">ⵎ </td> <td title="U+2D4F: TIFINAGH LETTER YAN">ⵏ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Ebrima','Noto Sans Tifinagh';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+2D5x </td> <td title="U+2D50: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN">ⵐ </td> <td title="U+2D51: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG">ⵑ </td> <td title="U+2D52: TIFINAGH LETTER YAP">ⵒ </td> <td title="U+2D53: TIFINAGH LETTER YU">ⵓ </td> <td title="U+2D54: TIFINAGH LETTER YAR">ⵔ </td> <td title="U+2D55: TIFINAGH LETTER YARR">ⵕ </td> <td title="U+2D56: TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH">ⵖ </td> <td title="U+2D57: TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH">ⵗ </td> <td title="U+2D58: TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH">ⵘ </td> <td title="U+2D59: TIFINAGH LETTER YAS">ⵙ </td> <td title="U+2D5A: TIFINAGH LETTER YASS">ⵚ </td> <td title="U+2D5B: TIFINAGH LETTER YASH">ⵛ </td> <td title="U+2D5C: TIFINAGH LETTER YAT">ⵜ </td> <td title="U+2D5D: TIFINAGH LETTER YATH">ⵝ </td> <td title="U+2D5E: TIFINAGH LETTER YACH">ⵞ </td> <td title="U+2D5F: TIFINAGH LETTER YATT">ⵟ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Ebrima','Noto Sans Tifinagh';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+2D6x </td> <td title="U+2D60: TIFINAGH LETTER YAV">ⵠ </td> <td title="U+2D61: TIFINAGH LETTER YAW"><span title="Berber languages collective text"><span lang="ber-Tfng">ⵡ</span></span> </td> <td title="U+2D62: TIFINAGH LETTER YAY">ⵢ </td> <td title="U+2D63: TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ">ⵣ </td> <td title="U+2D64: TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ">ⵤ </td> <td title="U+2D65: TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ">ⵥ </td> <td title="U+2D66: TIFINAGH LETTER YE">ⵦ </td> <td title="U+2D67: TIFINAGH LETTER YO">ⵧ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+2D6F: TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK">ⵯ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Ebrima','Noto Sans Tifinagh';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+2D7x </td> <td title="U+2D70: TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK">⵰ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+2D7F: TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">  ⵿  </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2D30_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U2D30_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2D30_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U2D30_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-centrederechercheberbere.fr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-centrederechercheberbere.fr_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centrederechercheberbere.fr/lecriture-libyco-berbere.html">L'ECRITURE LIBYCO-BERBERE: Etat des lieux et perspectives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.institutum-canarium.org/lbi-project/script.php">LBI LIBYCO-BERBER INSCRIPTIONS ONLINE DATABASE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) 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Lanham, Maryland. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-8182-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-8182-0"><bdi>978-1-4422-8182-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/966314885">966314885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+the+Berbers+%28Imazighen%29&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=29&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F966314885&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-8182-0&rft.aulast=Ilahiane&rft.aufirst=Hsain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F966314885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarrierAlidou2015" class="citation book cs1">Larrier, Renée Brenda; Alidou, Ousseina, eds. 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Lanham, Maryland. pp. xii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-0164-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-0164-4"><bdi>978-1-4985-0164-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1249711011">1249711011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+through+the+visual+and+virtual%3A+inscribing+language%2C+literature%2C+and+culture+in+Francophone+Africa+and+the+Caribbean&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=xii&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1249711011&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-0164-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1249711011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilversteinCrawford2004" class="citation journal cs1">Silverstein, Paul; Crawford, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559451">"Amazigh Activism and the Moroccan State"</a>. <i>Middle East Report</i> (233): 46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1559451">10.2307/1559451</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-2851">0899-2851</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559451">1559451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=Amazigh+Activism+and+the+Moroccan+State&rft.issue=233&rft.pages=46&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0899-2851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1559451%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1559451&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Crawford%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1559451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:16_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tawalt.com/?p=14122">"Operations Automation Default Page" <bdi lang="ar">سلطات الامن الليبية تمنع نشر الملصق الرسمي لمهرجان الزي التقليدي بكباو</bdi></a> [Libyan security authorities to prevent the publication of the official poster for the festival traditional costume Pkpau] (in Arabic). TAWALT. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operations+Automation+Default+Page+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9+%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88&rft.pub=TAWALT&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tawalt.com%2F%3Fp%3D14122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blip.tv/play/AYK4hyEC">"Libya TV – News in Berber"</a>. Blip.tv<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libya+TV+%E2%80%93+News+in+Berber&rft.pub=Blip.tv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblip.tv%2Fplay%2FAYK4hyEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220013208/https://www.maroc.ma/amz/node/93100">"ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ"</a>. <i>Maroc.ma</i>. 2021-11-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maroc.ma/amz/node/93100">the original</a> on 2022-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maroc.ma&rft.atitle=%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maroc.ma%2Famz%2Fnode%2F93100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:18_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080421063850/http://www.ircam.ma/amz/index.php?soc=publi">"Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe"</a>. Ircam.ma. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ircam.ma/amz/index.php?soc=publi">the original</a> on April 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institut+Royal+de+la+Culture+Amazighe&rft.pub=Ircam.ma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ircam.ma%2Famz%2Findex.php%3Fsoc%3Dpubli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddy-Weitzman2011" class="citation book cs1">Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/741751261"><i>The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states</i></a> (1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 193–195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-73478-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-73478-4"><bdi>978-0-292-73478-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/741751261">741751261</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Berber+identity+movement+and+the+challenge+to+North+African+states&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=193-195&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F741751261&rft.isbn=978-0-292-73478-4&rft.aulast=Maddy-Weitzman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F741751261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Morocco draft law on official use of Berber language scrutinised". <i>BBC Monitoring Middle East</i>. August 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Monitoring+Middle+East&rft.atitle=Morocco+draft+law+on+official+use+of+Berber+language+scrutinised&rft.date=2016-08-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001220302/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2739.pdf">"Proposition d'ajout de l'écriture tifinaghe. Organisation internationale de normalisation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2739.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-10-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposition+d%27ajout+de+l%27%C3%A9criture+tifinaghe.+Organisation+internationale+de+normalisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn2739.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span>, Jeu universel des caractères codés sur octets (JUC). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 WG, vol.2, p.2739R, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasajus2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Casajus, Dominique (2011-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/afriques/688?lang=en">"Déchiffrages. Quelques réflexions sur l'écriture libyco-berbère"</a>. <i>Afriques. Débats, méthodes et terrains d'histoire</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fafriques.688">10.4000/afriques.688</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2108-6796">2108-6796</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Afriques.+D%C3%A9bats%2C+m%C3%A9thodes+et+terrains+d%27histoire&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9chiffrages.+Quelques+r%C3%A9flexions+sur+l%27%C3%A9criture+libyco-berb%C3%A8re&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fafriques.688&rft.issn=2108-6796&rft.aulast=Casajus&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fafriques%2F688%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aghali-Zakara, Mohamed (1994). Graphèmes berbères et dilemme de diffusion: Interaction des alphabets <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">latin</i></span>, ajami et tifinagh. <i>Etudes et Documents Berbères</i> 11, 107–121.</li> <li>Aghali-Zakara, Mohamed; and Drouin, Jeanine (1977). Recherches sur les Tifinaghs- Eléments graphiques et sociolinguistiques. <i>Comptes-rendus du Groupe Linguistique des Etudes Chamito-Sémitiques</i> (GLECS).</li> <li>Ameur, Meftaha (1994). Diversité des transcriptions : pour une notation usuelle et normalisée de la langue berbère. <i>Etudes et Documents Berbères</i> 11, 25–28.</li> <li>Boukous, Ahmed (1997). Situation sociolinguistique de l’Amazigh. <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i> 123, 41–60.</li> <li>Chaker, Salem (1994). Pour une notation usuelle à base Tifinagh. <i>Etudes et Documents Berbères</i> 11, 31–42.</li> <li>Chaker, Salem (1996). Propositions pour la notation usuelle à base <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">latine</i></span> du berbère. <i>Etudes et Documents Berbères</i> 14, 239–253.</li> <li>Chaker, Salem (1997). La Kabylie: un processus de développement linguistique autonome. <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i> 123, 81–99.</li> <li>Durand, O. (1994). Promotion du berbère : problèmes de standardisation et d’orthographe. Expériences européennes. <i>Etudes et Documents Berbères</i> 11, 7–11.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2006" class="citation book cs1">O’Connor, Michael (1996). "The Berber scripts". In William Bright; Peter Daniels (eds.). <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Berber+scripts&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=112-116&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Connor&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenchoen1973" class="citation book cs1">Penchoen, Thomas G. (1973). <i>Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir</i>. Los Angeles: Undena Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tamazight+of+the+Ayt+Ndhir&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Undena+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Penchoen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Savage, Andrew. 2008. Writing Tuareg – the three script options. <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i> 192: 5–14</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouag2004" class="citation web cs1">Souag, Lameen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041205195808/http://www.geocities.com/lameens/tifinagh/index.html">"Writing Berber Languages: a quick summaryurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205195808/http://www.geocities.com/lameens/tifinagh/index.html"</a>. L. Souag. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/lameens/tifinagh/index.html">the original</a> on 2004-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Writing+Berber+Languages%3A+a+quick+summaryurl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20041205195808%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Flameens%2Ftifinagh%2Findex.html&rft.pub=L.+Souag&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Souag&rft.aufirst=Lameen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Flameens%2Ftifinagh%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATifinagh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>, <i>s.v.</i> Tifinagh.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifinagh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tifinagh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216202109/http://lbi-project.org/lbi-db.php">lbi-project.org</a>, a database of Libyco-Berber inscriptions with images and information</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Libyco-berber_Inscriptions?page=1">Academic papers on the Libyco-Berber inscriptions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826045645/http://www.ancientscripts.com/berber.html">ancientscripts.com – Berber</a>, a fact file on Tifinagh and a legend of characters</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tawalt.tinussan.com/">artistic Tifinagh fonts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Berber_languages" title="Template:Berber languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Berber_languages" title="Template talk:Berber languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Berber_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Berber languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Berber_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Berber_language" title="Proto-Berber language">Proto-Berber</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Berber_languages" title="Eastern Berber languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awjila_language" title="Awjila language">Awjila</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fezzan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fezzan language">Fezzan</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Foqaha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Foqaha language">Foqaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sokna_language" title="Sokna language">Sokna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tmessa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmessa language">Tmessa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadam%C3%A8s_language" title="Ghadamès language">Ghadamès</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaghbub_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaghbub language (page does not exist)">Jaghbub</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kufra_Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufra Berber">Kufra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafusi_language" title="Nafusi language">Nafusi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadu_Berber_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadu Berber dialect (page does not exist)">Jadu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nalut_Berber_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nalut Berber dialect (page does not exist)">Nalut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wazzin_Berber_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wazzin Berber dialect (page does not exist)">Wazzin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yefren_Berber_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yefren Berber dialect (page does not exist)">Yefren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwi_language" title="Siwi language">Siwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Berber_languages" title="Northern Berber languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zenati_languages" title="Zenati languages">Zenati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber" title="Eastern Middle Atlas Berber">Eastern Middle Atlas</a> (transitional to Atlas) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ait_Seghrouchen_Berber" title="Ait Seghrouchen Berber">Seghrouchen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ait_Warayn_Berber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ait Warayn Berber (page does not exist)">Warayn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzab%E2%80%93Wargla_languages" title="Mzab–Wargla languages">Northern Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurara_language" title="Gurara language">Gurara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozabite_language" title="Mozabite language">Mozabite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Oran_and_Figuig_Berber" title="South Oran and Figuig Berber">South Oran and Figuig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidikelt_language" title="Tidikelt language">Tidikelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwat_language" title="Tuwat language">Tuwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugurt_language" title="Tugurt language">Wad Righ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargli_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wargli language">Wargla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Riffian language">Riffian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Riffian_Berber_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Riffian Berber dialects (page does not exist)">Central Riffian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Morocco_Zenati" title="Eastern Morocco Zenati">Eastern Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznasen_Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Iznasen Berber">Iznasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Snous_dialect" title="Beni Snous dialect">Snouss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Riffian_Berber_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Riffian Berber dialects (page does not exist)">Western Riffian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawiya_language" title="Shawiya language">Shawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Zenati_languages" title="East Zenati languages">Tunisian-Zuwara</a> (transitional to Eastern) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerba_Berber" title="Jerba Berber">Jerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matmata_Berber" title="Matmata Berber">Matmata</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sened_language" title="Sened language">Sened</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douiret_language" title="Douiret language">Douiret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuwara_Berber" title="Zuwara Berber">Zuwara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Algerian_Zenatic_dialects" title="Western Algerian Zenatic dialects">Western Algerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouraya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouraya language (page does not exist)">Gouraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheliff_Basin_Berber" title="Sheliff Basin Berber">Shelif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwa_language" title="Shenwa language">Shenwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Zenati</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_languages" title="Atlas languages">Atlas languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Atlas_Tamazight" title="Central Atlas Tamazight">Central Atlas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lisan_al-Gharbi" title="Lisan al-Gharbi">Gharb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghomara_language" title="Ghomara language">Ghomara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhaja_de_Srair_language" title="Sanhaja de Srair language">Sanhaja de Srayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilha_language" title="Shilha language">Shilha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_language" title="Kabyle language">Kabyle</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Eastern_Kabyle_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Eastern Kabyle dialect (page does not exist)">Central-Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Western_Kabyle_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Western Kabyle dialect (page does not exist)">Central-Western</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Kabyle_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Kabyle dialect (page does not exist)">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Kabyle_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Kabyle dialect (page does not exist)">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">Standardised</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Moroccan_Amazigh" title="Standard Moroccan Amazigh">Moroccan Amazigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Algerian_Berber" title="Standard Algerian Berber">Algerian Berber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamahaq_language" title="Tamahaq language">Tamahaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasheq_language" title="Tamasheq language">Tamashek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawellemmet_language" title="Tawellemmet language">Tawellemmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tamajeq_language" title="Air Tamajeq language">Tayart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Berber_languages" title="Western Berber languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetserret_language" title="Tetserret language">Tetserret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenaga_language" title="Zenaga language">Zenaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guanche_language" title="Guanche language">Guanche</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numidian_language" title="Numidian language">Old Libyan</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Numidian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="East Numidian language">East Numidian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fezzan-Tripolitanian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fezzan-Tripolitanian language (page does not exist)">Fezzan-Tripolitanian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Mauretanian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Mauretanian language (page does not exist)">Mauretanian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Numidian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Numidian language (page does not exist)">West Numidian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berber_orthography" title="Berber orthography">Orthography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber_alphabet" title="Libyco-Berber alphabet">Libyco-Berber alphabet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Berber Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber Arabic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Academy_of_Amazigh_Language" title="Algerian Academy of Amazigh Language">AAAL (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-Conseil_%C3%A0_l%27amazighit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-Conseil à l'amazighité">HCA (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_the_Amazigh_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture">IRCAM (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direction_Nationale_de_l%27Alphab%C3%A9tisation_Fonctionelle_et_de_la_Linguistique_Appliqu%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction Nationale de l'Alphabétisation Fonctionelle et de la Linguistique Appliquée">DNAFLA (Mali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_Recherche_Berb%C3%A8re" title="Centre de Recherche Berbère">CRB (France)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NGOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Academy" title="Berber Academy">Berber Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amazigh_Congress" title="World Amazigh Congress">World Amazigh Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazigh_Cultural_Association_in_America" title="Amazigh Cultural Association in America">Amazigh Cultural Association in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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{\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-26bm5","timestamp":"20241124053454","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tifinagh","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tifinagh","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208503","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208503","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-11T20:09:33Z","dateModified":"2024-10-26T00:15:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/89\/Kidal.jpg","headline":"alphabet for Berber languages"}</script> </body> </html>