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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jonge_jaren_en_werk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jonge_jaren_en_werk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jonge jaren en werk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jonge_jaren_en_werk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbanning_en_gevangenschap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbanning_en_gevangenschap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verbanning en gevangenschap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbanning_en_gevangenschap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasleep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasleep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nasleep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasleep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hedendaagse_eerbewijzen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hedendaagse_eerbewijzen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hedendaagse eerbewijzen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hedendaagse_eerbewijzen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abu Nuwas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 139 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Nuw%C4%81s" title="Abū Nuwās – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abū Nuwās" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Zuid-Altaïsch" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Altaïsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="أبو نواس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبو نواس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ابو نواس – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابو نواس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fbu_Nuvas" title="Əbu Nuvas – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əbu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ابونواس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابونواس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Nuvasos" title="Abū Nuvasos – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Abū Nuvasos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="আবু নুয়াস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবু নুয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Nuw%C3%A0s" title="Abu-Nuwàs – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abu-Nuwàs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ئەبوونوواس – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەبوونوواس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BA_Nuw%C3%A1s" title="Abú Nuwás – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abú Nuwás" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebu_Nuvas" title="Ebu Nuvas – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ebu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Αμπού Νουβάς – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπού Νουβάς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nu%C5%ADas" title="Abu Nuŭas – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abu Nuŭas" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Nuw%C4%81s" title="Abū Nuwās – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abū Nuwās" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ابونواس اهوازی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابونواس اهوازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abo%C3%BB_Nouw%C3%A2s" title="Aboû Nouwâs – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aboû Nouwâs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אבו נוואס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבו נוואס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="अबू नुवास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अबू नुवास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuv%C3%A1sz" title="Abu Nuvász – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abu Nuvász" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Աբու Նուվաս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբու Նուվաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8C%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="アブー・ヌワース – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブー・ヌワース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="აბუ ნუვასი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბუ ნუვასი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BB_Nuw%C3%A2s" title="Abû Nuwâs – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Abû Nuwâs" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Әбу Нуас – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әбу Нуас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B6%80_%EB%88%84%EC%99%80%EC%8A%A4" title="아부 누와스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아부 누와스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Nuv%C4%81ss" title="Abū Nuvāss – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abū Nuvāss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അബു നുവാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബു നുവാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="अबु नुवास – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अबु नुवास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nawas" title="Abu Nawas – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abu Nawas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="အဘူနူဝါ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဘူနူဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Nuw%C4%81s" title="Abū Nuwās – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Abū Nuwās" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="अबु नुवास – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अबु नुवास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਅਬੂ ਨੁਵਾਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਬੂ ਨੁਵਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ابونواس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابونواس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ابو نواس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابو نواس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83-%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу-Нувас – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Абу-Нувас" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱟᱵᱩ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱵᱩ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ابو نواس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابو نواس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BA_Nuw%C3%A1s" title="Abú Nuwás – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abú Nuwás" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebu_Nuvasi" title="Ebu Nuvasi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ebu Nuvasi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="அபு நுவாஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அபு நுவாஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="అబూ నువాస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అబూ నువాస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Абунувос – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абунувос" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA" title="อะบู นุวาส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะบู นุวาส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebu_Nuvas" title="Ebu Nuvas – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ebu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D2%AF_%D0%9D%D2%AF%D0%B2%D3%99%D1%81" title="Әбү Нүвәс – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әбү Нүвәс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу Нувас – Toevaans" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Абу Нувас" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Toevaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83-%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Абу-Нувас – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абу-Нувас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ابو نواس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابو نواس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvos" title="Abu Nuvos – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abu Nuvos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuvas" title="Abu Nuvas – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Abu Nuvas" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF" title="阿布·努瓦斯 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿布·努瓦斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="აბუ ნუვასი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბუ ნუვასი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אבו נואס – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אבו נואס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF" title="阿布·努瓦斯 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿布·努瓦斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF" title="努瓦斯 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="努瓦斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Abu Nuwas" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF" title="阿布·努瓦斯 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿布·努瓦斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5670#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abu_Nuwas.jpg/260px-Abu_Nuwas.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abu_Nuwas.jpg/390px-Abu_Nuwas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Abu_Nuwas.jpg/520px-Abu_Nuwas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>Abu Nuwas, Tekening door <a href="/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahlil Gibran">Kahlil Gibran</a>, al-Funun 2, no. 1 (Juni 1916)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Abu-Nuwas</b> (of <b>Aboe Noewas</b>) <b>al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami</b> (c.a. <a href="/wiki/750" title="750">750</a>–<a href="/wiki/810" title="810">810</a>), ook bekend als <b>Abū-Nuwās</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>:<b>ابونواس</b>), was een Arabische <a href="/wiki/Dichter" title="Dichter">dichter</a>, die wordt gerekend tot de grootste klassieke Arabische en <a href="/wiki/Perzen" title="Perzen">Perzische</a> dichters. Hij was een meester in alle standaard genres van Arabische poëzie. In de verhalen van <a href="/wiki/Duizend-en-%C3%A9%C3%A9n-nacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Duizend-en-één-nacht">Duizend-en-één-nacht</a> is hij de metgezel van kalief <a href="/wiki/Haroen_ar-Rashid" title="Haroen ar-Rashid">Haroen ar-Rashid</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jonge_jaren_en_werk">Jonge jaren en werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Jonge jaren en werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Jonge jaren en werk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zijn moeder heette Jullaban en was een Perzische naaister (of verkoopster van bamboevoorwerpen) van eenvoudige afkomst. Ze zou nooit <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a> hebben geleerd. Ten tijde van Abu's geboorte was ze weduwe, hoewel ze later zou hertrouwd zijn met een zekere 'Abbas. Ze bleef langer leven dan haar zoon en ontving na diens dood de magere erfenis van 200 dinar.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bronnen over Nuwas’ exacte geboortejaar verschillen van <a href="/wiki/747" title="747">747</a> tot <a href="/wiki/762" title="762">762</a>. Sommige bronnen beweren dat hij in <a href="/wiki/Damascus_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus (hoofdbetekenis)">Damascus</a> geboren zou zijn, anderen spreken over <a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>. Zijn volledige naam was <i>Abu ‘Ali al-Hasan ibn Hani al-Hakami</i>, 'Abu Nuwas' was een bijnaam en betekent letterlijk <i>vader van de gekrulde haarlok</i>. </p><p>Abu's vader Hani’ ibn ‘Abd al-Awwal had in het leger gediend van <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a>, de laatste <a href="/wiki/Omajjaden" title="Omajjaden">Omajjadische</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalief" title="Kalief">kalief</a>. Diens grootvader al-Sabbah had gediend in een clan van de Zuid-Arabische stam Sa'd ibn 'Ashira. Uit de poëzie van Abu Nuwas bleek soms een uitgesproken minachting voor de Noord-Arabische stammen.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toen Abu nog heel jong was verhuisde zijn moeder naar <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> en hij ging naar de plaatselijke <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" title="Madrassa">Koranschool</a>. Hij werd al op jonge leeftijd <i><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Koran)" title="Hafiz (Koran)">hafiz</a>,</i> dat wil zeggen dat hij de <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> uit het hoofd kende. Hij trok de aandacht van de dichter Abu Usama Waliba ibn al Hubab al-Asadi (overleden 786), die hem als leerling meenam naar <a href="/wiki/Koefa" title="Koefa">Koefa</a>. De vrijpostige <a href="/wiki/Homo-erotiek" title="Homo-erotiek">homo-erotische</a> poëzie van Waliba, en diens minachting voor heilige huisjes en voor de duivel hebben Abu Nuwas sterk beïnvloed. Waliba werd ook seksueel aangetrokken door de jonge Abu. Het is niet zeker of ze een erotische relatie hadden, maar de latere relaties die Abu Nuwas met jongere mannen had, lijken een afspiegeling van zijn eerdere ervaringen met de oudere dichter.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waliba arrangeerde voor Abu ook een verblijf van een jaar in de woestijn bij de <a href="/wiki/Bedoe%C3%AFenen" title="Bedoeïenen">bedoeïenen</a> om hun beroemde taalzuiverheid en hun bijzondere woordenschat op te zuigen. </p><p>Na het woestijnverblijf trok hij terug naar Basra om zicht te vervolmaken onder een heel ander soort mentor, de literaire geleerde en dichter Khalaf al-Ahmar. Diens strengheid contrasteerde met de informele aanpak van Waliba. Khalaf was een meester van de traditionele bedoeïenenpoezie, en het is waarschijnlijk aan hem te danken dat Abu Nuwas in zijn gedichten vaak toespeelde op de pre-islamische literatuur.<sup id="cite_ref-rowell_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rowell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abu Nuwas verhuisde uiteindelijk rond 786 naar <a href="/wiki/Bagdad_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdad (hoofdbetekenis)">Bagdad</a>, vermoedelijk vergezeld door Walibah ibn al-Hubab. Bagdad was de hoofdstad van de nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Kalifaat_van_de_Abbasiden" title="Kalifaat van de Abbasiden">kaliefendynastie der Abbasiden</a> en haar stichting was pas in 766 afgerond. Hier begon hij met het schrijven van zijn eerste gedichten. </p><p>Hij deed vergeefse pogingen om in de gunst te komen van kalief <a href="/wiki/Haroen_ar-Rashid" title="Haroen ar-Rashid">Haroen ar-Rashid</a> door bemiddeling van de Barmakiden, een Perzische clan van hoge ambtenaren. In de <a href="/wiki/Duizend-en-een-nacht" title="Duizend-en-een-nacht">Duizend-en-een-nacht</a> treedt Abu Nuwas op als nauwe vriend van Haroen, maar in werkelijkheid was de gematigde, conservatieve en gelovige Haroen allerminst gesteld op de respectloze dichter, die hij verschillende keren deed opsluiten voor dronkenschap, godslastering en een satire tegen de Noord-Arabische stammen (waarmee de Hasjemiet Haroen verwant was). Abu Nuwas zou later wél nauw bevriend met zijn veel lossere zoon en opvolger <a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">Mohammad al-Amin</a>. Een groot deel van de nog overgebleven wijnodes dateren uit die latere periode.<sup id="cite_ref-rowell_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rowell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hij kwam al snel bekend te staan om de scherpe en humoristische ondertoon in veel van zijn werken waarin hij niet de traditionele woestijnthema’s behandelde, maar het leven in de stad. Zijn werk omvat gedichten over de vreugde van het drinken van <a href="/wiki/Wijn" title="Wijn">wijn</a> (<i>khamriyyat</i>, wijnpoëzie) en over de liefde, met name die voor <a href="/wiki/Pederastie" title="Pederastie">jongens</a> (<i>mudhakkarat</i>, homo-erotische poëzie) en die voor als jongen verklede meisjes (<i>ghulamiyyat</i>). Verder schreef hij <a href="/wiki/Panegyricus" title="Panegyricus">lofzangen</a> en gedichten over de <a href="/wiki/Jacht_(activiteit)" title="Jacht (activiteit)">jacht</a>. Abu Nuwas was berucht voor zijn spotdichten en choqueerde geregeld door openlijk te schrijven over dingen die de <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> verbood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbanning_en_gevangenschap">Verbanning en gevangenschap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbanning en gevangenschap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbanning en gevangenschap"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abu Nuwas moest gedwongen naar <a href="/wiki/Egypte_(land)" title="Egypte (land)">Egypte</a> vluchten nadat hij een gedicht had geschreven waarin hij de <a href="/wiki/Barmakiden" title="Barmakiden">Barmakiden</a>, een machtige familie die was uitgemoord door de kalief <a href="/wiki/Haroen_ar-Rashid" title="Haroen ar-Rashid">Haroen ar-Rashid</a>, prees. Hij keerde terug naar Bagdad in <a href="/wiki/809" title="809">809</a> na de dood van Haroen ar-Rashid. Toen Mohammed al-Amin, Harun ar-Rashids zoon en ooit een leerling van Abu Nuwas, aan de macht kwam, brak voor Abu Nuwas tijdelijk een tijd van grote voorspoed aan. Net als Abu Nuwas hield ook de nieuwe kalief van wijn en jongens. Veel geleerden zijn van mening dat Abu Nuwas zijn meeste werken schreef tijdens de regeerperiode van al-Amin. Zijn bekendste werk uit deze tijd was een gedicht waarin hij al-Amin prees. </p><p>Aan deze voorspoed kwam een eind toen Abu Nuwas in een dronken bui te ver ging met zijn satire. Hij werd in de gevangenis gegooid. Amin werd uiteindelijk van de troon gestoten door zijn broer, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Jafar_al-Ma%27mun_ibn_Harun" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun">Al-Ma'mun</a>, die totaal geen tolerantie had voor Abu Nuwas. </p><p>Volgens sommige bronnen zorgde zijn angst voor de gevangenis ervoor dat Abu Nuwas een nieuwe weg insloeg en zwaar religieus werd. Andere bronnen beweren dat zijn latere werken, die duidelijk van een ander genre zijn, waren bedoeld in de hoop vergeving te krijgen van de kalief. Er wordt beweerd dat al-Ma'muns secretaris Zonbor Abu Nuwas ertoe verleidde om een satirisch gedicht te schrijven over Ali, de zwager van de profeet. Zonbor las dit gedicht vervolgens hardop voor aan een groot publiek, wat ervoor zorgde dat Abu Nuwas in de gevangenis bleef. </p><p>Abu Nuwas stierf rond het jaar 810. Volgens sommige bronnen stierf hij in de gevangenis. Volgens anderen werd hij vergiftigd door Ismail bin Abu Sehl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nasleep">Nasleep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nasleep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nasleep"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abu Nuwas wordt vandaag de dag gezien als een van de grootmeesters van de klassieke <a href="/wiki/Arabische_literatuur" title="Arabische literatuur">Arabische literatuur</a>. Zijn werk diende als inspiratie voor veel latere schrijvers, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Omar Khayyám">Omar Khayyám</a> en <a href="/wiki/Khwajeh_Shams_Al-din_Muhammad_Hafez-e_Shiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwajeh Shams Al-din Muhammad Hafez-e Shiraz">Hafiz</a>. Een karikatuur van Abu Nuwas is terug te vinden in enkele verhalen van Duizend-en-één-nacht. </p><p>Abu Nuwas verpersoonlijkte een vurige en jubelende verwerping van de moraliteit van de stam. Hij gaf poëtische uitdrukking aan een stedelijk humanisme dat zich zowel tegen de tribale verworvenheden van het Omajjadisch-Abbasidische patriarchaat als tegen het legalisme van de <a href="/wiki/Oelama" title="Oelama">oelama</a> afzette.<sup id="cite_ref-dabashi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dabashi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zijn vrijheid van meningsuiting, vooral over onderwerpen die door islamitische normen werden verboden, heeft ertoe geleid dat veel van zijn werk later in gecensureerde vorm werd uitgegeven. </p><p>De Islam verbiedt het gebruik van alcohol. Niettemin was Abu Nuwas lang niet de enige beoefenaar van het genre van de wijnpoëzie, en hij wordt daarin tot de top van de wereldliteratuur gerekend. </p><p>Arabische wijnpoëzie ontwikkelde zich over een periode van ongeveer 2 eeuwen tussen de dichters al-A'sa (overleden circa 629) en Abu Nuwas.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Het verbod op het drinken van wijn en het gokken is een regel van sociale orde, en verschilt daarin van de verbodsbepalingen op varkensvlees, bloed en aas, die te maken hebben met reinheid. Veel moslims trokken zich van het alcoholverbod weinig aan, hetzij omdat ze vertrouwden op de genade van God jegens trouwe zondaars, hetzij omdat ze ervan uitgingen dat het verbod alleen bedoeld was om gewone, onwetende mensen te behoeden voor dronkenschap, en niet van toepassing was op de verfijnde elite.<sup id="cite_ref-zubaida_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zubaida-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hedendaagse_eerbewijzen">Hedendaagse eerbewijzen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hedendaagse eerbewijzen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hedendaagse eerbewijzen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976 vernoemde de <a href="/wiki/Internationale_Astronomische_Unie" title="Internationale Astronomische Unie">Internationale Astronomische Unie</a> de krater Abu Nuwas in de Kuipervierhoek op <a href="/wiki/Mercurius_(planeet)" title="Mercurius (planeet)">Mercurius</a> naar hem.<sup id="cite_ref-mahoney_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahoney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Abu Nuwasstraat in Bagdad loopt parallel met de <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> en was lange tijd het prestigieuze uitgaanscentrum van de stad. Sinds de jaren 1990 is de straat echter om veiligheidsredenen niet meer publiek toegankelijk; ze ligt namelijk recht tegenover het presidentiële paleis.<sup id="cite_ref-marr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001 annuleerde de <a href="/wiki/Egypte_(land)" title="Egypte (land)">Egyptische</a> minister van Cultuur Farouk Hosni de eerder geplande publicatie van twee delen van het verzameld werk van Abu Nuwas, en liet hij grote aantallen van eerder gepubliceerde delen verbranden. Die actie maakte deel uit van een algemenere verstrenging van de Egyptische censuur inzake godslastering en pornografie onder invloed van de toenemende macht van de <a href="/wiki/Moslimbroederschap" title="Moslimbroederschap">Moslimbroederschap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mehrez_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mehrez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004 wonnen Jaume Ferrer en Anna Gil de Catalaanse literaire prijs <a href="/wiki/Premi_Cr%C3%ADtica_Serra_d%27Or_de_Literatura_i_Assaig" title="Premi Crítica Serra d'Or de Literatura i Assaig">Premi Crítica Serra d'Or de Literatura i Assaig</a> voor hun bewerking van de poëzie van Abu Nuwas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuwas&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731180006/http://www.al-funun.org/al-funun/images/abu_nuwas.html">Al-Funu.Org: Abu Nuwas</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218200006/http://www.globusz.com/ebooks/1001v4/00000036.htm">1001 Arabian Nights: Harun Al Rashid and the Damsel and Abu Nuwas</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726105654/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=4&Article_id=5267">Abu Nawas, the Persian Arab</a> door Tamim al-Barghouti, <a href="/wiki/15_juni" title="15 juni">15 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kennedy1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-kennedy1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kennedy1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kennedy1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKennedy2005_3-4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kennedy, Philip F.</span> (2005). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abunuwasmakersmu00kenn">Abu Nuwas: A Genius of Poetry</a></i></cite>. OneWorld, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abunuwasmakersmu00kenn/page/n15">3</a>-4. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1%E2%80%9385168%E2%80%93360%E2%80%937" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1–85168–360–7">ISBN 1–85168–360–7</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rowell-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rowell_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rowell_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFRowell2017_13-21"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rowell, Alex</span> (2017). <cite><i>Vintage Humour: The Islamic Wine Poetry of Abu Nuwas</i></cite>. Hurst & Company, pp. 13-21. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781849049931" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781849049931">ISBN 9781849049931</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dabashi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dabashi_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFDabashi2013_55"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dabashi, Hamid</span> (2013). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beingmusliminwor0000daba">Being a Muslim in the World</a></i></cite>. Palgrave MacMillan, p. 55. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-349-45347-4" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-349-45347-4">ISBN 978-1-349-45347-4</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kennedy2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kennedy2_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKennedy1997_240"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kennedy, Philip F.</span> (1997). <cite><i>The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry: Abu Nuwas and the Literary Tradition</i></cite>. Clarendon Press, p. 240. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-19-826392-9" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-19-826392-9">ISBN 0-19-826392-9</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zubaida-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zubaida_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Zubaida, Sami</span>, <i>Drinks, Meals and Social Boundaries,</i> hoofdstuk 10 in <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKlein1997"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Klein, Jakob A.</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Murcott, Anne (reds.)</span> (1997). <cite><i>Food Consumption in Global Perspective: Essays in the Anthropology of Food in Honour of Jack Goody</i></cite>. Palgrave MacMillan. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-349-45974-2" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-349-45974-2">ISBN 978-1-349-45974-2</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mahoney-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mahoney_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMahoney2014_49"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mahoney, T.J.</span> (2014). <cite><i>Mercury</i></cite>. Springer, p. 49. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-4614-7207-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-4614-7207-0">ISBN 978-1-4614-7207-0</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marr-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-marr_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad">Baghdad</a>". <i>Britannica</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-03-06">6 maart 2021</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mehrez-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mehrez_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mehrez, Samia</span>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://merip.org/2001/06/take-them-out-of-the-ballgame/">Take Them Out of the Ballgame: Egypt's Cultural Players in Crisis</a>,</i> Middle East Research and Information Project: Critical Coverage of the Middle East Since 1971, nr. <b>219</b> (zomer 2001), geraadpleegd op 7 maart 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027105103/https://merip.org/2001/06/take-them-out-of-the-ballgame/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 27 oktober 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1601112">XX1601112</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118880306">cb118880306</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118880306">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01863396?l=en">DA01863396</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118646656">118646656</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000115072339">0000 0001 1507 2339</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82236538">n82236538</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00461999">00461999</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35671496">35671496</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257483505171">987007257483505171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000002882958">a0000002882958</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074000055">074000055</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A014228368">02-A014228368</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=RMSV977687">RMSV977687</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/175975">175975</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026676877">026676877</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21527102" class="extiw" title="d:Q21527102">TDVİA</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ebu-nuvas">ebu-nuvas</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1035920">1035920</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100164196">100164196</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a 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