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id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hüüdnimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hüüdnimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hüüdnimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hüüdnimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-II_maailmasõda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#II_maailmasõda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>II maailmasõda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-II_maailmasõda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BM-8,_BM-13_ja_BM-31_kanderakettide_tehnilised_andmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BM-8,_BM-13_ja_BM-31_kanderakettide_tehnilised_andmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>BM-8, BM-13 ja BM-31 kanderakettide tehnilised andmed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BM-8,_BM-13_ja_BM-31_kanderakettide_tehnilised_andmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Katjuša</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 51 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="قاذفة صواريخ كاتيوشا – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاذفة صواريخ كاتيوشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyu%C5%9Fa_(silah)" title="Katyuşa (silah) – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Katyuşa (silah)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluncur_roket_Katyusha" title="Peluncur roket Katyusha – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peluncur roket Katyusha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%27%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কা'তিউশা রকেট লঞ্চার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কা'তিউশা রকেট লঞ্চার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%87u%C5%A1a" title="Kaćuša – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kaćuša" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyoucha_(banner-roketenno%C3%B9)" title="Katyoucha (banner-roketennoù) – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Katyoucha (banner-roketennoù)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0" title="БМ-13 Катюша – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="БМ-13 Катюша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiuixa" title="Katiuixa – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Katiuixa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A5u%C5%A1a_(raketomet)" title="Kaťuša (raketomet) – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaťuša (raketomet)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katjusja" title="Katjusja – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Katjusja" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katjuscha_(Raketenwerfer)" title="Katjuscha (Raketenwerfer) – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katjuscha (Raketenwerfer)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher" title="Katyusha rocket launcher – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Katyusha rocket launcher" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiusha" title="Katiusha – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Katiusha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katju%C5%9Da" title="Katjuŝa – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katjuŝa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="کاتیوشا – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتیوشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katioucha" title="Katioucha – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Katioucha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katj%C3%BBsja_(raketsmiter)" title="Katjûsja (raketsmiter) – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Katjûsja (raketsmiter)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%8A%9C%EC%83%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93" title="카튜샤 로켓 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카튜샤 로켓" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1_(%D5%80%D4%BF%D5%8C%D5%80)" title="Կատյուշա (ՀԿՌՀ) – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատյուշա (ՀԿՌՀ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%87u%C5%A1a" title="Kaćuša – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kaćuša" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katju%C5%A1a_(lanciarazzi)" title="Katjuša (lanciarazzi) – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Katjuša (lanciarazzi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="קטיושה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטיושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="კატიუშა – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კატიუშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Катюша – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Катюша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katju%C5%A1a" title="Katjuša – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Katjuša" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiu%C5%A1a" title="Katiuša – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Katiuša" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusa_(fegyver)" title="Katyusa (fegyver) – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katyusa (fegyver)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%98%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B5)" title="Катјуша (оружје) – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Катјуша (оружје)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katjoesja_(raket)" title="Katjoesja (raket) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katjoesja (raket)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3_(%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8)" title="カチューシャ (兵器) – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カチューシャ (兵器)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katjusja" title="Katjusja – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Katjusja" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katjusja" title="Katjusja – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Katjusja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_(qurol)" title="Katyusha (qurol) – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katyusha (qurol)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiusza" title="Katiusza – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katiusza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha" title="Katyusha – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Katyusha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiu%C8%99a" title="Katiușa – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Katiușa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Катюша (прозвище оружия) – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катюша (прозвище оружия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_(raket%C3%ABhedh%C3%ABs)" title="Katyusha (raketëhedhës) – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Katyusha (raketëhedhës)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A5u%C5%A1a_(raketomet)" title="Kaťuša (raketomet) – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaťuša (raketomet)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katju%C5%A1a_(raketomet)" title="Katjuša (raketomet) – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katjuša (raketomet)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9B%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Каћуша – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каћуша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%87u%C5%A1a_(oru%C5%BEje)" title="Kaćuša (oružje) – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaćuša (oružje)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katju%C5%A1a_(ase)" title="Katjuša (ase) – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katjuša (ase)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiusja_(raketartilleri)" title="Katiusja (raketartilleri) – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katiusja (raketartilleri)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="เครื่องยิงจรวดคัตยูชา – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องยิงจรวดคัตยูชา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_(v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD)" title="Katyusha (vũ khí) – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Katyusha (vũ khí)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyu%C5%9Fa_(silah)" title="Katyuşa (silah) – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katyuşa (silah)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Катюша (реактивна установка) – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катюша (реактивна установка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%90" title="קאטיושא – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאטיושא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%A7%8B%E8%8E%8E%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E7%82%AE" title="喀秋莎火箭炮 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喀秋莎火箭炮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BM-13_%E5%A4%9A%E7%AE%A1%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E7%82%AE" title="BM-13 多管火箭炮 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="BM-13 多管火箭炮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Ümber suunatud leheküljelt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katjuu%C5%A1a&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Katjuuša">Katjuuša</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%9C-13_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B0%C2%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%A1-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Katjuuša BM-13 GAZ-MMM šassiil</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Katjuša</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vene_keel" title="Vene keel">vene keeles</a> Катюша) on teatud tüüpi raketisuurtükivägi, mille ehitas ja lasi välja <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_Liit" title="Nõukogude Liit">Nõukogude Liit</a> <a href="/wiki/Teine_maailmas%C3%B5da" title="Teine maailmasõda">teises maailmasõjas</a>. </p><p>Sellised mitmed raketiheitjad toimetavad lõhkeaineid sihtpiirkonda intensiivsemalt kui tavaline <a href="/wiki/Suurt%C3%BCkiv%C3%A4gi" title="Suurtükivägi">suurtükivägi</a>, kuid väiksema täpsusega ja laadimiseks on vaja pikemat aega. Need on suurtükiväerelvadega võrreldes haprad, kuid odavad, kergesti valmistatavad ja kasutatavad peaaegu igal šassiil. Teise maailmasõja Katjuušad, esimene Nõukogude Liidus massiliselt toodetud iseliikuv suurtükivägi olid tavaliselt paigaldatud tavalistele <a href="/wiki/Veoauto" title="Veoauto">veoautodele</a>. See liikuvus andis Katjušale ja teistele iseliikuvatele suurtükivägedele veel ühe eelise: suutmine anda korraga suure löögi ja seejärel liikuda, enne kui nad leitakse ja rünnatakse vastutulega. </p><p>Teise maailmasõja Katjuuša relvade hulka kuulusid <a href="/wiki/Kanderakett" title="Kanderakett">kanderakett</a> <b>BM-13</b>, kerge <b>BM-8</b> ja raske <b>BM-31</b>. Tänapäeval hüütakse <i>katjuušaks</i> ka uuemate veoautodele paigaldatud <a href="/wiki/Mitmikraketiheitja" title="Mitmikraketiheitja">mitmikraketiheitjaid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hüüdnimi"><span id="H.C3.BC.C3.BCdnimi"></span>Hüüdnimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katju%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Hüüdnimi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katju%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Hüüdnimi" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg/220px-Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg/330px-Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg/440px-Katyusha_rockets_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Katjuuša 132 mm kanderaketid M-13</figcaption></figure> <p>Esialgu ei kasutatud neid opereerinud sõdurid katjuušade sõjaväelist nimetust saladuse hoidmise pärast. Neid kutsuti koodnimedega <i>Kostikovi relvad (Reaktiivse Teadusliku Uurimise Instituudi</i> juhi A. Kostikovi järgi) ja lõpuks klassifitseeriti <i>kaardiväe pommitajateks</i>. Kuna need olid tähistatud tähega <i>K</i> (Voroneži Kominterni tehase jaoks), võtsid <a href="/wiki/Punaarmee" title="Punaarmee">Punaarmee</a> väed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihhail_Issakovski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihhail Issakovski (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mihhail Issakovski</a> populaarsest sõjaaegsest laulust "Katjuša" hüüdnime, mis räägib tüdrukust, kes igatseb oma eemalolevat armastatut, kes lahkus <a href="/wiki/Ajateenistus" title="Ajateenistus">ajateenistusse</a>. </p><p>Saksa väed lõid hüüdnime "Stalini orel" (<i>Stalinorgel</i>) Nõukogude juhi <a href="/wiki/Jossif_Stalin" title="Jossif Stalin">Jossif Stalini</a> järgi, võrreldes stardiplatvormi visuaalset sarnasust <a href="/wiki/Orel" title="Orel">toruoreliga</a> ja relva raketimootorite heli, eristavat ulgumist, mis hirmutas Saksa vägesid. Seda tüüpi relvi tuntakse sama nime all ka Taanis (<i>Stalinorgel</i>), Soomes (<i>Stalinin urut</i>), Prantsusmaal (<i>orgue de Staline</i>), Norras (<i>Stalinorgel</i>), Hollandis ja Belgias (<i>Stalinorgel</i>), Ungaris (<i>Sztálinorgona</i>), Hispaanias ja teistes hispaaniakeelsetes maades (<i>Órganos de Stalin</i>), samuti Rootsis (<i>Stalinorgel</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="II_maailmasõda"><span id="II_maailmas.C3.B5da"></span>II maailmasõda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katju%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "II maailmasõda"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katju%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "II maailmasõda" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vorone%C5%BEi_s%C3%B5jav%C3%A4eringkond" title="Voroneži sõjaväeringkond">Voronežis</a> ehitatud Katjuuša raketiheitjad paigaldati Teise maailmasõja ajal paljudele platvormidele, sealhulgas <a href="/wiki/Veoauto" title="Veoauto">veoautodele</a>, suurtükiväetraktoritele, <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tankidele</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Soomusrong" title="Soomusrong">soomusrongidele</a>, aga ka mere- ja jõelaevadele rünnakutoetusrelvadena. </p><p>Disain oli suhteliselt lihtne, koosnes paralleelsetest rööbastest, millele paigaldati raketid, koos kokkupandava raamiga, mis tõstab rööpad stardiasendisse. Igal veokil oli 14–48 kanderakett. BM-13 süsteemi rakett M-13 oli 80 cm pikk, 13,2 cm läbimõõduga ja kaalus 42,5 kg. </p><p>Relv on vähem täpne kui tavalised suurtükirelvad, kuid on väga tõhus küllastuspommitamisel. Neljast BM-13 koosnev patarei suudaks tulistada 7–10 sekundiga valangu, mis edastas 40 ha alale 4,35 tonni lõhkeainet, muutes selle võimsuse ligikaudu samaväärseks 72 tavalise suurtükirelvaga. Tõhusa meeskonnaga saaksid kanderaketid kohe pärast tulistamist liikuda kohe uude asukohta, jättes vaenlase võimaluseta vastutuld anda. Katjuušad koondati sageli väga suurteks rühmaks, et tekitada šokiefekti vaenlase vägedele. Relva puuduseks oli kanderaketi uuesti laadimiseks kuluv pikk aeg, erinevalt tavalistest relvadest, mis suutsid hoida pidevalt madalat tulekiirust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="BM-8,_BM-13_ja_BM-31_kanderakettide_tehnilised_andmed"><span id="BM-8.2C_BM-13_ja_BM-31_kanderakettide_tehnilised_andmed"></span>BM-8, BM-13 ja BM-31 kanderakettide tehnilised andmed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katju%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "BM-8, BM-13 ja BM-31 kanderakettide tehnilised andmed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katju%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "BM-8, BM-13 ja BM-31 kanderakettide tehnilised andmed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>M-8 </th> <th>M-13 </th> <th>M-31 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>kasutamine</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>1941. aastal </td> <td>1941. aastal </td> <td>1943. aasta </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>läbimõõt</b> </td> <td>mm </td> <td>82 </td> <td>132 </td> <td>300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>pikkus</b> </td> <td>mm </td> <td>714 </td> <td>1415 </td> <td>1760 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Raskus</b> </td> <td>kg </td> <td> </td> <td>14,1 </td> <td>28,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>lõhkepea mass</b> </td> <td>kg </td> <td>5,4 </td> <td>21,3 </td> <td>52,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>plahvatusohtlik mass</b> </td> <td>kg </td> <td>0,6 </td> <td>4,9 </td> <td>28,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>tühi mass</b> </td> <td>kg </td> <td>6,8 </td> <td>35,4 </td> <td>81,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>kütuse mass</b> </td> <td>kg </td> <td>1,2 </td> <td>7,1 </td> <td>11,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>algmass</b> </td> <td>kg </td> <td>8,0 </td> <td>42,5 </td> <td>92,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>massi suhe</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>1,2 </td> <td>1,2 </td> <td>1,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>kütuse fraktsioon</b> </td> <td>% </td> <td>15,0 </td> <td>16,7 </td> <td>12,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>kasuliku koormuse osa</b> </td> <td>% </td> <td> </td> <td>50,1 </td> <td>56,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>läbipõlemise kiirus</b> </td> <td>Prl </td> <td>315 </td> <td>355 </td> <td>255 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Maksimaalne lennukaugus</b> </td> <td>m </td> <td>5500 </td> <td>8470 </td> <td>4300 </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katjuša&oldid=6702476">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katjuša&oldid=6702476</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Mitmelasulised_raketiheitjad" title="Kategooria:Mitmelasulised raketiheitjad">Mitmelasulised raketiheitjad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:N%C3%B5ukogude_Liidu_relvastus_Teises_maailmas%C3%B5jas" title="Kategooria:Nõukogude Liidu relvastus Teises maailmasõjas">Nõukogude Liidu relvastus Teises maailmasõjas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 17:06, 14. august 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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