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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Usages_/_Effects_of_motion_blur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usages_/_Effects_of_motion_blur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Usages / Effects of motion blur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usages_/_Effects_of_motion_blur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usages / Effects of motion blur subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usages_/_Effects_of_motion_blur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_graphics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_graphics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Computer graphics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_graphics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Biology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negative_effects_of_motion_blur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negative_effects_of_motion_blur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Negative effects of motion blur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Negative_effects_of_motion_blur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Negative effects of motion blur subsection</span> </button> <ul 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id="toc-Aerial_mapping/surveying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_mapping/surveying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Aerial mapping/surveying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_mapping/surveying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Motion blur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9" title="تشتت الحركة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشتت الحركة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motion blur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohybov%C3%A1_neostrost" title="Pohybová neostrost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pohybová neostrost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Motion blur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewegungsunsch%C3%A4rfe" title="Bewegungsunschärfe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bewegungsunschärfe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenfoque_de_movimiento" title="Desenfoque de movimiento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desenfoque de movimiento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تاری حرکتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاری حرکتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flou_cin%C3%A9tique" title="Flou cinétique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flou cinétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%85%98_%EB%B8%94%EB%9F%AC" title="모션 블러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모션 블러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_kabur" title="Gerakan kabur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan kabur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosso_(fotografia)" title="Mosso (fotografia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mosso (fotografia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kust%C4%ABbas_izpl%C5%ABdums" title="Kustības izplūdums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kustības izplūdums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewegingsoonsjerpde" title="Bewegingsoonsjerpde – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bewegingsoonsjerpde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewegingsonscherpte" title="Bewegingsonscherpte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bewegingsonscherpte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="モーションブラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モーションブラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevegelsesuskarphet" title="Bevegelsesuskarphet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bevegelsesuskarphet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шевелёнка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шевелёнка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6relseosk%C3%A4rpa" title="Rörelseoskärpa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rörelseoskärpa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hareket_bulan%C4%B1kl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Hareket bulanıklığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hareket bulanıklığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Motion blur" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Motion blur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Photography artifact from moving objects</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Motion_blur" title="Special:EditPage/Motion blur">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Motion+blur%22">"Motion blur"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Motion+blur%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Motion+blur%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Motion+blur%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Motion+blur%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Motion+blur%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg/300px-Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg/450px-Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg/600px-Star_Rain_in_the_Desert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation" title="Earth's rotation">Earth's rotation</a> causes motion blur in <a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">long-exposure photos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Night_sky" title="Night sky">night sky</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_motion" title="Diurnal motion">diurnal motion</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Star_trail" title="Star trail">star trails</a> in exposures like this one taken at <a href="/wiki/La_Silla_Observatory" title="La Silla Observatory">La Silla Observatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Motion blur</b> is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photograph</a> or a sequence of frames, such as a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a>. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or <a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">long exposure</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usages_/_Effects_of_motion_blur"><span id="Usages_.2F_Effects_of_motion_blur"></span>Usages / Effects of motion blur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usages / Effects of motion blur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography">Photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg/220px-London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg/330px-London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg/440px-London_bus_and_telephone_box_on_Haymarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3731" data-file-height="2488" /></a><figcaption>An example of motion blur showing a <a href="/wiki/Buses_in_London" title="Buses in London">London bus</a> passing a telephone box in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dog_Leaping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dog_Leaping.jpg/220px-Dog_Leaping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dog_Leaping.jpg/330px-Dog_Leaping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dog_Leaping.jpg/440px-Dog_Leaping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="5430" /></a><figcaption>1920s example of motion blur</figcaption></figure> <p>When a <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> creates an image, that image does not represent a single instant of time. Because of technological constraints or artistic requirements, the image may represent the scene over a period of time. Most often this exposure time is brief enough that the image captured by the camera appears to capture an instantaneous moment, but this is not always so, and a fast moving object or a longer exposure time may result in blurring artifacts which make this apparent. As objects in a scene move, an image of that scene must represent an <a href="/wiki/Integral" title="Integral">integration</a> of all positions of those objects, as well as the camera's viewpoint, over the period of <a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">exposure</a> determined by the <a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">shutter speed</a>. In such an image, any object moving with respect to the camera will look blurred or smeared along the direction of relative motion. This smearing may occur on an object that is moving or on a static background if the camera is moving. In a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> image, this looks natural because the human eye behaves in much the same way. </p><p>Because the effect is caused by the relative motion between the camera, and the objects and scene, motion blur may be manipulated by <a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">panning</a> the camera to track those moving objects. In this case, even with long exposure times, the moving objects will appear sharper while the background will become more blurred, with the resulting image conveying a sense of movement and speed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation">Animation<span class="anchor" id="Computer_animation"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Figure-Animation2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Figure-Animation2.gif/400px-Figure-Animation2.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Figure-Animation2.gif/600px-Figure-Animation2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Figure-Animation2.gif/800px-Figure-Animation2.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Two animations rotating around a figure, with motion blur (left) and without</figcaption></figure> <p>In computer animation this effect must be simulated as a virtual camera actually does capture a discrete moment in time. This simulated motion blur is typically applied when either the camera or objects in the scene move rapidly. </p><p>Without this simulated effect each frame shows a perfect instant in time (analogous to a camera with an infinitely fast shutter), with zero motion blur. This is why a video game with a frame rate of 25-30 <a href="/wiki/Frames_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Frames per second">frames per second</a> will seem staggered, while natural motion filmed at the same frame rate appears rather more continuous. Many modern video games feature motion blur, especially <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">vehicle simulation games</a>. </p><p>Some of the better-known games that utilise this are the recent <a href="/wiki/Need_for_Speed" title="Need for Speed">Need for Speed</a> titles, <a href="/wiki/Unreal_Tournament_3" title="Unreal Tournament 3">Unreal Tournament III</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Majora%27s_Mask" title="The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask">The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask</a>, among many others. There are two main methods used in video games to achieve motion blur: cheaper full-screen effects, which typically only take camera movement (and sometimes how fast the camera is moving in 3-D Space to create a radial blur) into mind, and more "selective" or "per-object" motion blur, which typically uses a <a href="/wiki/Shader" title="Shader">shader</a> to create a velocity buffer to mark motion intensity for a motion blurring effect to be applied to or uses a shader to perform geometry extrusion. Classic "motion blur" effects prior to modern per-pixel shading pipelines often simply drew successive frames on top of each other with slight transparency, which is strictly speaking a form of <a href="/wiki/Video_feedback" title="Video feedback">video feedback</a>. </p><p>In pre-rendered computer animation, such as <a href="/wiki/Computer_Generated_Imagery" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer Generated Imagery">CGI</a> movies, realistic motion blur can be drawn because the renderer has more time to draw each frame. <a href="/wiki/Temporal_anti-aliasing" title="Temporal anti-aliasing">Temporal anti-aliasing</a> produces frames as a composite of many instants. Frames are not points in time, they are periods of time. If an object makes a trip at a linear speed along a path from 0% to 100% in four time periods, and if those time periods are considered frames, then the object would exhibit motion blur streaks in each frame that are 25% of the path length. If the shutter speed is shortened to less than the duration of a frame, and it may be so shortened as to approach zero time in duration, then the computer animator must choose which portion of the quarter paths (in our 4 frame example) they wish to feature as "open shutter" times. They may choose to render the beginnings of each frame, in which case they will never see the arrival of the object at the end of the path, or they may choose to render the ends of each frame, in which case they will miss the starting point of the trip. Most computer animations systems make the classic "fence-post error" in the way they handle time, confusing the periods of time of an animation with the instantaneous moments that delimit them. Thus most computer animation systems will incorrectly place an object on a four frame trip along a path at 0%, 0.33%, 0.66%, and 1.0% and when called upon to render motion blur will have to cut one or more frames short, or look beyond the boundaries of the animation, compromises that real cameras don't do and synthetic cameras needn't do. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Motion_lines" title="Motion lines">Motion lines</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cel_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cel animation">cel animation</a> are drawn in the same direction as motion blur and perform much the same duty. <a href="/wiki/Go_motion" title="Go motion">Go motion</a> is a variant of <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a> animation that moves the models during the exposure to create a less staggered effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_graphics">Computer graphics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Computer graphics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">2D computer graphics</a>, motion blur is an artistic filter that converts the <a href="/wiki/Digital_image" title="Digital image">digital image</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<a href="/wiki/Bitmap" title="Bitmap">bitmap</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<a href="/wiki/Raster_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Raster image">raster image</a> in order to <a href="/wiki/Computer_simulation" title="Computer simulation">simulate</a> the effect. Many graphical software products (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a> or <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>) offer simple motion blur filters. However, for advanced motion blur filtering including curves or non-uniform speed adjustment, specialized software products (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=VirtualRig_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VirtualRig Studio (page does not exist)">VirtualRig Studio</a>) are necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biology">Biology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When an animal's eye is in motion, the image will suffer from motion blur, resulting in an inability to resolve details. To cope with this, humans generally alternate between <a href="/wiki/Saccade" title="Saccade">saccades</a> (quick eye movements) and <a href="/wiki/Fixation_(visual)" title="Fixation (visual)">fixation</a> (focusing on a single point). <a href="/wiki/Saccadic_masking" title="Saccadic masking">Saccadic masking</a> makes motion blur during a saccade invisible. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_pursuit" title="Smooth pursuit">smooth pursuit</a> allows the eye to track a target in rapid motion, eliminating motion blur of that target instead of the scene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negative_effects_of_motion_blur">Negative effects of motion blur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Negative effects of motion blur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg/220px-Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg/330px-Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg/440px-Three_women_in_a_taxi_in_Manhattan_who_said_hello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption>A taxicab starting to drive off blurred the girls' faces in the image.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In televised <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>, where conventional cameras expose pictures 25 or 30 times per second, motion blur can be inconvenient because it obscures the exact position of a projectile or athlete in <a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">slow motion</a>. For this reason special cameras are often used which eliminate motion blurring by taking rapid exposures on the order of 1 millisecond, and then transmitting them over the course of the next 30 to 40 milliseconds. Although this gives sharper slow motion replays, it can look strange at normal speeds because the eye expects to see motion blurring and is not provided with blurred images. </p><p>Conversely, extra motion blur can unavoidably occur on displays when it is not desired. This occurs with some video displays (especially <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">LCD</a>) that exhibits motion blur during fast motion. This can lead to more perceived motion blurring above and beyond the preexisting motion blur in the video material. See <a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">display motion blur</a>. </p><p>Sometimes, motion blur can be removed from images with the help of <a href="/wiki/Deconvolution" title="Deconvolution">deconvolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In video games the use or not of motion blur is somewhat controversial. Some players claim that the blur actually makes the game worse, as it does blur images, making it more difficult to recognize objects (especially so in fast-paced moments). This does become more noticeable (and more problematic) with a reduction in framerate.<sup id="cite_ref-PC_Gamer_2023-05-10_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PC_Gamer_2023-05-10-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improvements in the visual quality of modern post-process motion blur shaders as well as a tendency towards higher <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">framerates</a> have lessened the visual detriment of undersampled motion blur effects.<sup id="cite_ref-PC_Gamer_2023-05-10_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PC_Gamer_2023-05-10-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wind_turbines">Wind turbines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wind turbines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Birds cannot properly see the swirling blades of wind turbines and can get struck by them fatally. A newly published report from Norway suggests that painting one of the three blades with a black tip makes the blades more visible and hence more avoidable. This reduces the motion blur of the unpainted blades, and cuts bird deaths by up to 70 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerial_mapping/surveying"><span id="Aerial_mapping.2Fsurveying"></span>Aerial mapping/surveying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aerial mapping/surveying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During aerial mapping an aircraft or drone is used to take pictures of the ground during flight. If the flight speed is too high or if shutter speeds are too long, this can lead to motion blur. Motion blur reduces the quality of the images and has a negative effect on the mapping products. Motion blur can be avoided by adjusting the flight altitude, flight velocity, or shutter speed. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restoration">Restoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example of blurred <a href="/wiki/Digital_photograph_restoration" title="Digital photograph restoration">image restoration</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wiener_deconvolution" title="Wiener deconvolution">Wiener deconvolution</a>: </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:740px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_restoration_(motion_blur,_Wiener_filtering).png" class="mw-file-description" title="From left: original image, blurred image and de-blurred image. Notice some artifacts in the de-blurred image."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Image_restoration_%28motion_blur%2C_Wiener_filtering%29.png/732px-Image_restoration_%28motion_blur%2C_Wiener_filtering%29.png" decoding="async" width="732" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Image_restoration_%28motion_blur%2C_Wiener_filtering%29.png/1098px-Image_restoration_%28motion_blur%2C_Wiener_filtering%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Image_restoration_%28motion_blur%2C_Wiener_filtering%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_restoration_(motion_blur,_Wiener_filtering).png" title="File:Image restoration (motion blur, Wiener filtering).png"> </a></div>From left: original image, blurred image and de-blurred image. Notice some artifacts in the de-blurred image.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 978px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motion blur is frequently employed in sports photography (particularly motorsports) to convey a sense of speed. To achieve this effect it is necessary to use a slow shutter speed and pan the lens of the camera in time with the motion of the object."><img alt="Motion blur is frequently employed in sports photography (particularly motorsports) to convey a sense of speed. To achieve this effect it is necessary to use a slow shutter speed and pan the lens of the camera in time with the motion of the object." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg/120px-Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg/180px-Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg/240px-Motorbike_rider_mono.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Motion blur is frequently employed in <a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">sports photography</a> (particularly motorsports) to convey a sense of speed. To achieve this effect it is necessary to use a slow shutter speed and pan the lens of the camera in time with the motion of the object.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another example of a photo where the camera is panned at the same speed as the object being photographed"><img alt="Another example of a photo where the camera is panned at the same speed as the object being photographed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg/120px-A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg/180px-A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg/240px-A_Teito_Group_Taxi_in_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3476" data-file-height="2317" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another example of a photo where the camera is panned at the same speed as the object being photographed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taken aboard an airplane turning above San Jose at night. The city lights form concentric strips."><img alt="Taken aboard an airplane turning above San Jose at night. The city lights form concentric strips." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg/120px-Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg/180px-Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg/240px-Nightly_Rotation_above_San_Jose_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Taken aboard an airplane turning above San Jose at night. The city lights form concentric strips.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tj_pullingout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The traffic on this street leaves brilliant streaks due to the low shutter speed of the camera and the cars' relatively fast speed."><img alt="The traffic on this street leaves brilliant streaks due to the low shutter speed of the camera and the cars' relatively fast speed." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tj_pullingout.jpg/120px-Tj_pullingout.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tj_pullingout.jpg/180px-Tj_pullingout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tj_pullingout.jpg/240px-Tj_pullingout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The traffic on this street leaves brilliant streaks due to the low shutter speed of the camera and the cars' relatively fast speed.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strickland Falls in Tasmania, Australia, taken using a neutral density filter. ND filters reduce light from the entire visible spectrum equally, allowing an increase in aperture and decrease in shutter speed without overexposing the image. To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens."><img alt="Strickland Falls in Tasmania, Australia, taken using a neutral density filter. ND filters reduce light from the entire visible spectrum equally, allowing an increase in aperture and decrease in shutter speed without overexposing the image. To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg/120px-Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg/180px-Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg/240px-Strickland_Falls_Shadows_Lifted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Strickland Falls in Tasmania, Australia, taken using a <a href="/wiki/Neutral_density_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral density filter">neutral density filter</a>. ND filters reduce light from the entire visible spectrum equally, allowing an increase in aperture and decrease in shutter speed without overexposing the image. To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Long exposure photograph of moths showing exaggerated rod effect"><img alt="Long exposure photograph of moths showing exaggerated rod effect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg/120px-Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg/180px-Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg/240px-Moths_attracted_by_floodlight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Long exposure photograph of moths showing exaggerated <a href="/wiki/Rod_(optical_phenomenon)" title="Rod (optical phenomenon)">rod effect</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weims20060325.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mammals are especially prone to motion blur as some can reach high speeds of movement."><img alt="Mammals are especially prone to motion blur as some can reach high speeds of movement." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Weims20060325.jpg/120px-Weims20060325.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Weims20060325.jpg/180px-Weims20060325.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Weims20060325.jpg/240px-Weims20060325.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">Mammals</a> are especially prone to motion blur as some can reach high speeds of movement.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motion blur is evident in this photo of a worker at the former Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo."><img alt="Motion blur is evident in this photo of a worker at the former Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg/120px-Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg/180px-Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg/240px-Worker_on_bicycle_at_Tsukiji_Fish_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Motion blur is evident in this photo of a worker at the former <a href="/wiki/Tsukiji_fish_market" title="Tsukiji fish market">Tsukiji fish market</a> in Tokyo.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_lines" title="Motion lines">Motion lines</a>, a technique found in comics which conveys a sense of motion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_shutter" title="Rolling shutter">Rolling shutter effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_frame" title="Smear frame">Smear frame</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_blur&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Why+you%27re+right+to+hate+motion+blur+in+games+%28but+devs+aren%27t+wrong+to+include+it%29&rft.date=2023-05-10&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fwhy-people-hate-motion-blur-in-videogames%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+blur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53909825">"Black turbine blade 'can cut bird deaths'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2020-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Black+turbine+blade+%27can+cut+bird+deaths%27&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-53909825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+blur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFrichard-hann2021" class="citation web cs1">richard-hann (7 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntnu.no/blogger/richard-hann/2021/10/07/preventing-motion-blur-in-drone-mapping/">"Preventing motion blur in drone mapping – Richard Hann"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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