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<span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Working_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Working groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Working_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Working groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Working_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In-situ_science_working_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-situ_science_working_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In-situ science working group</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Public_Engagement_working_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>The Public Engagement working group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Public_Engagement_working_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Result_highlights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Result_highlights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Result highlights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Result_highlights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Result highlights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Result_highlights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>2021</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="اسمیل (فضاپیما) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسمیل (فضاپیما)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMILE_(satellite)" title="SMILE (satellite) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SMILE (satellite)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind_Magnetosphere_Ionosphere_Link_Explorer" title="Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMILE_(satellite)" title="SMILE (satellite) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SMILE (satellite)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%99%D0%9B_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="СМАЙЛ (космический проект) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="СМАЙЛ (космический проект)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SMILE_spacecraft_(artist_impression).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SMILE_spacecraft_%28artist_impression%29.png/260px-SMILE_spacecraft_%28artist_impression%29.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SMILE_spacecraft_%28artist_impression%29.png/390px-SMILE_spacecraft_%28artist_impression%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SMILE_spacecraft_%28artist_impression%29.png/520px-SMILE_spacecraft_%28artist_impression%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist's impression of the SMILE spacecraft</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Magnetospheric mission</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a>-<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">CAS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmos.esa.int/web/smile/links">cosmos<wbr />.esa<wbr />.int<wbr />/web<wbr />/smile<wbr />/links</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">3 years (nominal)<sup id="cite_ref-SMILE-Overview_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMILE-Overview-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> (payload module)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">2200 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">708 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">850 W</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">Q4 2025 (planned)<sup id="cite_ref-esa-20240430_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa-20240430-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">Vega-C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Highly_elliptical_orbit" title="Highly elliptical orbit">Highly elliptical orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">121,182 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70° or 98°</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMILE_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="SMILE mission logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SMILE_logo.jpg/180px-SMILE_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SMILE_logo.jpg/270px-SMILE_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SMILE_logo.jpg/360px-SMILE_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br />SMILE mission insigna <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Vision" title="Cosmic Vision">Cosmic Vision</a></b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">JUICE</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer</b> (<b>SMILE</b>) is a planned joint venture mission between the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>. SMILE will image for the first time the <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> in soft <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a> and <a href="/wiki/UV" class="mw-redirect" title="UV">UV</a> during up to 40 hours per orbit, improving our understanding of the dynamic interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-ESAdefinitionstudyreportSMILE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAdefinitionstudyreportSMILE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smile-mssl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smile-mssl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime science questions of the SMILE mission are </p> <ul><li>What are the fundamental modes of the dayside solar wind/magnetosphere interaction?</li> <li>What defines the substorm cycle?</li> <li>How do coronal mass ejection-driven storms arise and what is their relationship to substorms?</li></ul> <p>As of April 2024, SMILE is expected to launch in late 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-esa-20240430_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa-20240430-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mission will observe the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> interaction with the <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> with its X-ray and ultraviolet cameras (SXI and UVI), gathering simultaneous images and videos of the dayside <a href="/wiki/Magnetopause" title="Magnetopause">magnetopause</a> (where Earth's magnetosphere meets the solar wind), the polar cusps (a region in each hemisphere where particles from the solar wind have direct access to Earth's ionosphere), and the auroral oval (the region around each geomagnetic pole where auroras most often occur). SMILE will also gather simultaneously in situ measurements with its two other instruments making up its payload – an ion analyser (LIA) and a magnetometer (MAG). These instruments will monitor the ions in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetosheath" title="Magnetosheath">magnetosheath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> while detecting changes in the local DC magnetic field. </p><p>SMILE must reach a high enough altitude to view the outside edge of Earth's magnetopause and at the same time obtain good spatial resolution of the auroral oval. The chosen orbit is therefore highly elliptical and highly inclined (70 or 98 degrees depending on the launcher), and takes SMILE a third of the way to the Moon at apogee (an altitude of 121 182 km, i.e. 19 Earth radii or R<sub>E</sub>). This type of orbit enables SMILE to spend much of its time (about 80%, equivalent to nine months of the year) at high altitude, allowing the spacecraft to collect continuous observations for the first time during more than 40h. This orbit also limits the time spent in the high-radiation Van Allen belts, and in the two toroidal belts. SMILE will be injected into a low Earth orbit by a <a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega-C</a> launch vehicle from Kourou, French Guiana, and its propulsion module will bring the spacecraft to the nominal orbit with perigee altitude of around 5000 km.<sup id="cite_ref-SMILE-Overview_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMILE-Overview-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SMILE spacecraft consists of a platform provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) attached to a payload module containing nearly all of the scientific instruments and an X-band communications system, provided by ESA. The payload module will be built by <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The platform is composed of a propulsion and a service module, together with the two detectors (or heads) of the ion instrument. The Mission Operations Center will be run by CAS; both organizations will jointly operate the Science Operations Center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Key instruments on board the spacecraft will include:<sup id="cite_ref-ESAdefinitionstudyreportSMILE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAdefinitionstudyreportSMILE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMILE-Overview_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMILE-Overview-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Soft <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> Imager</b> (SXI) – wide-field <a href="/wiki/Lobster-eye_telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster-eye telescope">lobster-eye telescope</a> using micropore optics to spectrally map the location, shape, and motion of Earth's magnetospheric boundaries, including the bow shock, magnetopause, and cusps, by observing emission from the [Solar Wind Charge eXchange (SWCX) process. The SXI is equipped with two large X-ray-sensitive <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">Charge-coupled device</a> (CCD) detectors covering the 0.2 keV to 2.5 keV energy band, and has an optic field of view spanning 15.5° × 26.5°. This telescope is being developed, built, and will be calibrated at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a>, UK, and other institutions throughout Europe. CCDs are being procured from <a href="/wiki/Teledyne_e2v" title="Teledyne e2v">Teledyne e2v</a>, UK, by ESA and calibrated by <a href="/wiki/The_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open University">The Open University</a>, UK.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">UV</a> Imager</b> (UVI) – an ultraviolet camera to image Earth's northern auroral regions. It will study the connection between the processes taking place at the magnetospheric boundaries – as seen by the SXI – and those acting on the charged particles precipitating into our ionosphere. UVI is a four mirror telescope imaging ultraviolet emissions with wavelengths from 155 to175 nm using a CMOS detector. It is broken into three logical partitions: UVI-Camera (UVI-C) and UVI-Electronics (UVI-E) connected via a harness (UVI-H). The UVI optical design philosophy is based on an on-axis, 4-mirror system, optimized for the SMILE orbit and the required cadence and spatial resolution. UV filter technology coupled with the 4-mirror design provides orders of magnitude greater visible light suppression than previous auroral missions and is an enabling factor for the UVI science objectives. The detector module comprises a micro-channel plate (MCP) based image intensifier optically coupled to a CMOS detector.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UVI has a 10° × 10° field of view and will have a spatial image resolution at apogee of 150 km, using four thin film-coated mirrors to guide light into its detector. Temporal resolution will be up to 60s. UVI is built by NSSC with collaboration from Belgium <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_Space_Center" title="Liège Space Center">Liège Space Center</a> (CSL), ESA, Calgary University and the Polar Research Institute of China.</li> <li><b>Light Ion Analyser</b> (LIA) – will determine the properties and behaviour of the solar wind and magnetosheath ions under various conditions by measuring the three-dimensional velocity distribution of protons and alpha particles. It is made of two top-hat-type electrostatic analysers, each mounted on opposite side of the platform. It is capable of sampling the full 4 π three-dimensional distribution of the solar wind, and can measure ions in the energy range 0.05 to 20 keV at up 0.5 second time resolution. It is a joint venture between the Chinese National Space Science Centre, CAS, and <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mullard_Space_Science_Laboratory" title="Mullard Space Science Laboratory">Mullard Space Science Laboratory</a> (UCL-MSSL), UK and LPP/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, France.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">Magnetometer</a></b> (MAG) – will be used to determine the orientation and magnitude of the magnetic field in the solar wind and magnetosheath, and to detect any solar wind shocks or discontinuities passing over the spacecraft. Two tri-axial sensors will be mounted away from the spacecraft on a 3-m-long boom some 80 cm apart, with a corresponding electronics unit mounted on SMILE's main body. This configuration will let the MAG act as a gradiometer, and allow SMILE's background magnetic field to be accurately determined and subtracted from any measurements. MAG will measure the three components of the magnetic field in the range +/- 12800 nT. It is joint venture between the Chinese National Space Science Centre, CAS, and the Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Working_groups">Working groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Working groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several working groups have been set up to help preparing the SMILE mission including </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif/220px-Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif/330px-Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif/440px-Simulated_SMILE_soft_X-ray_images.gif 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption><b>[Top]</b> Simulation of SMILE soft X-ray images during a 52-hour orbital period. Pink rectangular boxes show two field-of-view candidates of the SMILE soft X-ray imager. <b>[Bottom]</b> SMLE orbit (pink ellipse), location (pink dots), and look direction (blue line) projected on the XZ plane (left), XY plane (middle), and YZ plane (right). Color contour shows plasma density on each planes. The OpenGGCM global magnetosphere - ionosphere model and one of SMILE orbit candidates are used for this simulation.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In-situ_science_working_group">In-situ science working group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In-situ science working group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SMILE in-situ science working group is established to support the SMILE Team in ensuring that the mission science objectives are achieved and optimized, and in adding value to SMILE science. The in-situ SWG activity is centred on optimizing the design, the operations, calibrations planning, identifying the science objectives and opportunities of the in situ instrument package, including conjunctions with other magnetospheric space missions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modeling_working_group">Modeling working group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modeling working group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smile.alaska.edu/modeling-working-group/#">SMILE modeling working group</a> provides the following modeling supports for the upcoming SMILE mission </p><p>1. Grand modeling challenge: MHD model comparison and SXI requirements/goals - </p> <ul><li>unify the X-ray calculation method (same neutral density model, background, etc.),</li> <li>check the model-to-model difference on Solar Wind Charge eXchange (SWCX) signals and on the boundary locations (bow shock, magnetopause, and cusp)</li> <li>provide the MHD point of view on the range of X-ray signal strength.</li> <li>provide the range of the expected boundary locations under various solar wind flux.</li> <li>give a unified voice on the science requirements and goals (how high solar wind flux is needed to find the boundaries within 0.5RE resolution for 5 mins, or 0.2 RE resolution for 1 min?)</li></ul> <p>2. Boundary tracing from SXI data </p> <ul><li>select one exemplary simulation results to test the boundary tracing techniques.</li> <li>test A. Jorgensen & T. Sun on magnetopause tracing method by using the SXI specification (orbit, field-of-view, backgrounds, noise, etc.)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>test M. Collier & H. Connor on magnetopause tracing method by using the same SXI specification<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are visible in the soft X-rays.</li> <li>develop new methods to derive plasma boundaries from X-ray image(s)</li> <li>prepare a programing tool for the SXI data analysis</li> <li>develop and validate the tracing methods for other boundaries (bow shock and cusps)</li></ul> <p>3. Other science projects </p> <ul><li>investigate if small magnetosheath signatures such as magnetosheath high speed jets are visible in the soft X-rays.</li> <li>investigate the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling using Soft X-ray and aurora images</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ground-based_and_additional_science_working_group">Ground-based and additional science working group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ground-based and additional science working group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SMILE Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group coordinates support for the mission in the solar-terrestrial physics community. Their aim is to maximise the uptake of SMILE data, and therefore maximise the science output of the mission. They will coordinate future observing campaigns with other experimental facilities, both on the ground and in space, for example by using high resolution modes for <a href="/wiki/Super_Dual_Auroral_Radar_Network" title="Super Dual Auroral Radar Network">Super Dual Auroral Radar Network</a> facilities, or with <a href="/wiki/EISCAT" title="EISCAT">EISCAT</a> 3D, and correlating with data from other missions flying at the time. The working group is also developing a set of tools and a visualisation facility to combine data from SMILE and supporting experiments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Public_Engagement_working_group">The Public Engagement working group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Public Engagement working group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SMILE Public Engagement working group aims to promote SMILE and its science among the general public, amateur science societies and school pupils of any age. Members of the group are active in giving presentations illustrating the science which SMILE will produce and the impact it will have on our knowledge of solar-terrestrial interactions. They generate contacts with organisations promoting science in primary and secondary schools, particularly in socio-economical deprived areas, hold hands-on workshops and promote careers in science. The group is focusing on SMILE as a practical example of how space projects are developed, and encouraging pupils to follow its progress to launch and beyond. It also promotes international exchanges, a good example of which is the translation of the book 'Aurora and Spotty' for children (and maybe for some adults too), originally in Spanish, into Chinese. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg/220px-SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg/330px-SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg/440px-SMILE_Outreach_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Space Lates at the National Space Centre</figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg/220px-Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg/330px-Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg/440px-Dr._Jenny_Carter_giving_a_talk_at_the_National_Space_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Jennifer Carter, University of Leicester, during her presentation</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Result_highlights">Result highlights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Result highlights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024">2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January - Special Issue on Modeling and Data Analysis Methods for the SMILE mission with 21 refereed papers published in Earth and Planetary Physics journal, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2023089">preface</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mar 07 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb267">Geoeffectiveness of Interplanetary Alfvén Waves. I. Magnetopause Magnetic Reconnection and Directly Driven Substorms</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022">2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dec 17 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030848">Finding magnetopause standoff distance using a soft X-ray imager: 1. Magnetospheric masking</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Dec 15 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030850">Finding magnetopause standoff distance using a Soft X-ray Imager: 2. Methods to analyze 2-D X-ray images</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Jun 22 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9937-y">Deriving the magnetopause position from wide field-of-view soft X-ray imager simulation</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mar 01 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2021020">A new inversion method for reconstruction of plasmaspheric He+ density from EUV images</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Feb 18 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028866">Performance and simulated moment uncertainties of an ion spectrometer with asymmetric 2π field of view for ion measurements in space</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Feb 21 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028816">Soft X‐ray and ENA imaging of the Earth's dayside magnetosphere</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Oct 20 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027833">Automatic auroral boundary determination algorithm with deep feature and dual level set</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Aug 20 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028169">Deriving the magnetopause position from the soft X‐ray image by using the tangent fitting approach</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Apr 17 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086474">Is the relation between the solar wind dynamic pressure and the magnetopause standoff distance so straightforward?</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 27 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sci.esa.int/web/smile/-/61516-cluster-and-xmm-newton-pave-the-way-for-smile">ESA science highlight: Cluster and XMM pave the way for SMILE</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>May 01 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026124">Boundary Detection in Three Dimensions With Application to the SMILE Mission: the Effect of Model‐fitting Noise</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>December 17 - ESA SMILE definition study report <sup id="cite_ref-ESAdefinitionstudyreportSMILE_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAdefinitionstudyreportSMILE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_2">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May 21 - Jennifer Carter of the University of Leicester, UK, was awarded the 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/esascience/status/1273659132554469376">L'Oréal-UNESCO UK & Ireland Women in Science Physical Sciences Rising Talent award</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the success of the <a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> mission, the ESA and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">CAS</a> decided to jointly select, design, implement, launch and exploit the results of a space mission together for the first time. After initial workshops, a call for proposals was announced in January 2015. After a joint <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer review</a> of mission proposals, SMILE was selected as the top candidate out of 13 proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-ESAstudySMILE_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAstudySMILE-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SMILE mission proposal<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was jointly led by the <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> and the Chinese National Space Science Center. From June to November 2015, the mission entered initial studies for concept readiness, and final approval was given for the mission by the ESA Science Programme Committee in November 2015. A Request For Information (RFI) on provisions for the payload module was announced on 18 December 2015. The objective was to collect information from potential providers to assess low risk payload module requirements given stated interest in the mission, in preparation for the Invitation to Tender in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-SMILE-RFI_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMILE-RFI-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mission System Requirements Review was completed in October 2018, and ESA Mission Adoption by the Science Programme Committee was granted in March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-ESA-greenlight_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESA-greenlight-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SMILE successfully completed the Spacecraft and Mission Critical Design Review (CDR) in June 2023 in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-SMILE-CDR-greenlight_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMILE-CDR-greenlight-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SMILE-Overview-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SMILE-Overview_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMILE-Overview_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMILE-Overview_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Scientific+Space+Mission+Chinese+Academy+of+Science+%28CAS%29+-+European+Space+Agency+%28ESA%29+PROPOSAL+SMILE%3A+Solar+wind+Magnetosphere+Ionosphere+Link+Explorer&rft.aulast=Branduardi-Raymont&rft.aufirst=Graziella&rft.au=Wang%2C+Chi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mssl.ucl.ac.uk%2F~gbr%2FSMILE%2Fimages%2FSMILE_Executive_Summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMILE+%28spacecraft%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMILE-RFI-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMILE-RFI_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci.esa.int/cosmic-vision/57064-request-for-information-rfi-for-the-provision-of-the-payload-module-for-the-joint-esa-china-smile-mission/">"Request for Information (RFI) for the provision of the payload module for the joint ESA-China SMILE mission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>. 18 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Request+for+Information+%28RFI%29+for+the+provision+of+the+payload+module+for+the+joint+ESA-China+SMILE+mission&rft.pub=ESA&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsci.esa.int%2Fcosmic-vision%2F57064-request-for-information-rfi-for-the-provision-of-the-payload-module-for-the-joint-esa-china-smile-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMILE+%28spacecraft%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESA-greenlight-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESA-greenlight_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sci.esa.int/web/smile/-/59137-summary">"SMILE mission summary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>. 22 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SMILE+mission+summary&rft.pub=ESA&rft.date=2021-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsci.esa.int%2Fweb%2Fsmile%2F-%2F59137-summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMILE+%28spacecraft%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMILE-CDR-greenlight-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMILE-CDR-greenlight_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Sino_European_joint_space_mission_enters_flight_model_phase_999.html">"Sino-European joint space mission enters flight model phase"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Daily&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Daily (page does not exist)">Space Daily</a>. 11 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sino-European+joint+space+mission+enters+flight+model+phase&rft.pub=Space+Daily&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacedaily.com%2Freports%2FSino_European_joint_space_mission_enters_flight_model_phase_999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMILE+%28spacecraft%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILE_(spacecraft)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ESA SMILE website (general public): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Smile">https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Smile</a></li> <li>ESA SMILE website (Science working team): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cosmos.esa.int/smile">https://www.cosmos.esa.int/smile</a></li> <li>Chinese Academy of Sciences SMILE website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://english.nssc.cas.cn/smile/">http://english.nssc.cas.cn/smile/</a></li> <li>UCL/Mullard Space Science Laboratory SMILE consortium website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/SMILE/">http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/SMILE/</a></li> <li>University of Leicester SXI website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://le.ac.uk/physics/research/space-projects-instrumentation/projects">https://le.ac.uk/physics/research/space-projects-instrumentation/projects</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Space Centres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esrange" title="Esrange">Esrange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">Vega C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">Space Operations Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_and_Technology_Centre" title="European Space Research and Technology Centre">Space Research and Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Centre_for_Earth_Observation" title="ESA Centre for Earth Observation">ESA Centre for Earth Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astronaut_Centre" title="European Astronaut Centre">European Astronaut Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Astronomy_Centre" title="European Space Astronomy Centre">Space Astronomy Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Design_Facility" title="Concurrent Design Facility">Concurrent Design Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_European_Coordinating_Facility" title="Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility">Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESTRACK" title="ESTRACK">ESTRACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">ESM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_programme" title="Aurora programme">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat" title="CryoSat">CryoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Programme_for_Life_and_Physical_Sciences_in_Space" title="European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space">ELIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">FLPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Planet_Programme" title="Living Planet Programme">Living Planet Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency_Science_Programme" title="European Space Agency Science Programme">Science Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Vision" title="Cosmic Vision">Cosmic Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe" title="Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe">PRIDE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Launcher_Development_Organisation" title="European Launcher Development Organisation">European Launcher Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation" title="European Space Research Organisation">European Space Research Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Television" title="ESA Television">ESA Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUMETSAT" title="EUMETSAT">EUMETSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Camp" title="European Space Camp">European Space Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Energy_and_Water_Exchanges" title="Global Energy and Water Exchanges">GEWEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Science_Archive" title="Planetary Science Archive">Planetary Science Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Projects_and_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Space_Agency_programs_and_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Space Agency programs and missions">Projects and missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Solar physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> (1995–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_II_(spacecraft)" title="Cluster II (spacecraft)">Cluster II</a> (2000–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil">Vigil</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Planetary science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a> (1985–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a> (1997–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a> (2004–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a> (2005–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars <i>Trace Gas Orbiter</i></a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hera (spacecraft)">Hera</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EnVision" title="EnVision">EnVision</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Astronomy and<br />cosmology</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> (1975–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> (1978–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> (1983–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> (1990–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">Eureca</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> (1999–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> (2006–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARRAKIHS" title="ARRAKIHS">ARRAKIHS</a></i> (2030s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a></i> (2035)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a></i> (2035)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a> (1988–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#First_generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat First Generation</a> (1977–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-1</a> (1991–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-2</a> (1995–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#Second_Generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat Second Generation</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envisat" title="Envisat">Envisat</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp" title="MetOp">MetOp</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOCE" title="GOCE">GOCE</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity" title="Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity">SMOS</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-2" title="CryoSat-2">CryoSat-2</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_(spacecraft)" title="Swarm (spacecraft)">Swarm</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1" title="Sentinel-1">Sentinel-1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1A" title="Sentinel-1A">1A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1B" title="Sentinel-1B">1B</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2A" title="Sentinel-2A">2A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2B" title="Sentinel-2B">2B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2C" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinel-2C">2C</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3" title="Sentinel-3">Sentinel-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3A" title="Sentinel-3A">3A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3B" title="Sentinel-3B">3B</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor" title="Sentinel-5 Precursor">Sentinel-5 Precursor</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-Aeolus" title="ADM-Aeolus">ADM-Aeolus</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(satellite)" title="Biomass (satellite)">Biomass</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meteosat_Third_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteosat Third Generation">Meteosat Third Generation</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-4" title="Sentinel-4">Sentinel-4</a></i>) (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ALTIUS" title="ALTIUS">ALTIUS</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(satellite)" title="FLEX (satellite)">FLEX</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-A" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-A">MetOp-SG-A</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-B" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-B">MetOp-SG-B</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMILE</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Far-infrared_Outgoing_Radiation_Understanding_and_Monitoring" title="Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring">FORUM</a></i> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_contribution_to_the_International_Space_Station" title="European contribution to the International Space Station">ISS contributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">Automated Transfer Vehicle</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Robotic_Arm" title="European Robotic Arm">European Robotic Arm</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 2</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus-1" title="Olympus-1">Olympus-1</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(satellite)" title="Artemis (satellite)">Artemis</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-A">GIOVE-A</a> (2005–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-B" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-B">GIOVE-B</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HYLAS-1" title="HYLAS-1">HYLAS-1</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#In-Orbit_Validation_(IOV)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo IOV</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#Full_Operational_Capability_(FOC)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo FOC</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Technology<br />demonstrators</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Reentry_Demonstrator" title="Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator">ARD</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA" title="PROBA">PROBA-1</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Engineers%27_Satellite_2" title="Young Engineers' Satellite 2">YES2</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-V" title="PROBA-V">PROBA-V</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle" title="Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle">IXV</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS-SAT" title="OPS-SAT">OPS-SAT</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Cancelled<br />and proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDA (mission)">AIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane 5 ME">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calathus_Mission" title="Calathus Mission">Calathus Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_Polar_Lander" title="Ceres Polar Lander">Ceres Polar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Man-Tended_Free_Flyer" title="Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer">Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSTS" title="CSTS">CSTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.Deorbit" title="E.Deorbit">e.Deorbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_eXPErimental_Re-entry_Testbed" title="European eXPErimental Re-entry Testbed">EXPERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(spacecraft)" title="Hermes (spacecraft)">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarcoPolo-R" class="mw-redirect" title="MarcoPolo-R">MarcoPolo-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLARIS" class="mw-redirect" title="SOLARIS">SOLARIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STE-QUEST" title="STE-QUEST">STE-QUEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (spacecraft)">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-1" title="CryoSat-1">CryoSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli EDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future missions in <i>italics</i> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" title="Category:European Space Agency">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:European Space Agency"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:European Space Agency">Wikinews</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe/ESA" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe/ESA">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_spacecraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Template:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_spacecraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese spacecraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (joint with ESA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanjing_(satellite)" title="Huanjing (satellite)">Huanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HY_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="HY (satellite)">HY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin-1" title="Jilin-1">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMMS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMMS (page does not exist)">SMMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TanSat" title="TanSat">TanSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Tansuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhui_1B" title="Tianhui 1B">Tianhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyuan_(satellite)" title="Ziyuan (satellite)">Ziyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Fang_Hong" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Fang Hong">Dong Fang Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FH-1_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FH-1 (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">FH-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APT_Satellite_Holdings" title="APT Satellite Holdings">Apstar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APMT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APMT (page does not exist)">APMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat" title="AsiaSat">Asiasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinasat" title="Chinasat">ChinaSat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaStar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChinaStar (page does not exist)">ChinaStar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HKSTG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HKSTG (page does not exist)">HKSTG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Geostationary_Satellite_Platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Geostationary Satellite Platform (page does not exist)">LGSP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OlympicSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OlympicSat (page does not exist)">OlympicSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianfan" title="Qianfan">Qianfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Satellite_Communications" title="Sino Satellite Communications">Sinosat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantong_(Satellite)" title="Tiantong (Satellite)">Tiantong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsinghua-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsinghua-1 (page does not exist)">Tsinghua-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiwang_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiwang 1 (page does not exist)">Xiwang 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data relay satellite system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian" title="Tianlian">Tianlian Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite navigation system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">Beidou-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" class="extiw" title="fr:Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuafu_project" title="Kuafu project">Kuafu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang-2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> (joint with ESA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">SST</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMILE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunar exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planetary exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsatellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengniao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengniao (page does not exist)">Fengniao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinyan_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinyan (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Xinyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future spacecraft in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Future_spaceflights" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Future_spaceflights" title="Template:Future spaceflights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Future_spaceflights" title="Template talk:Future spaceflights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Future_spaceflights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Future spaceflights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Future_spaceflights" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Future spaceflights</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Crewed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2025_in_spaceflight" title="2025 in spaceflight">2025</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-10" title="SpaceX Crew-10">SpaceX Crew-10</a> (February)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fram2" title="Fram2">Fram2</a> (March)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-27" title="Soyuz MS-27">Soyuz MS-27</a> (March)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_20" title="Shenzhou 20">Shenzhou 20</a> (May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_4" title="Axiom Mission 4">Axiom Mission 4</a> (Spring)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner-1" title="Boeing Starliner-1">Boeing Starliner-1</a> (August)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-28" title="Soyuz MS-28">Soyuz MS-28</a> (September)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (September)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vast-1" title="Vast-1">Vast-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhou_21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhou 21 (page does not exist)">Shenzhou 21</a> (November)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;">2026+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-29" title="Soyuz MS-29">Soyuz MS-29</a> (March 2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan-4" title="Gaganyaan-4">Gaganyaan-4</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan-5" title="Gaganyaan-5">Gaganyaan-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program#Crewed_mission_phase" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese Crewed Lunar Landing Mission</a> (~2030)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2024_in_spaceflight" title="2024 in spaceflight">2024</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost_lunar_lander" title="Firefly Aerospace">Blue Ghost</a> M1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DISHA_(spacecraft)" title="DISHA (spacecraft)">DISHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-20" title="GSAT-20">GSAT-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)#Hakuto-R_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">Hakuto-R M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> (December)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2025_in_spaceflight" title="2025 in spaceflight">2025</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(satellite)" title="Biomass (satellite)">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion-M_No.2" title="Bion-M No.2">Bion-M No.2</a> (March)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EscaPADE" title="EscaPADE">ESCAPADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan-1" title="Gaganyaan-1">Gaganyaan-1</a> (March)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a> (January)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Mapping_and_Acceleration_Probe" title="Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe">IMAP</a> / <a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow-On_L1" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Weather Follow-On L1">SWFO-L1</a> (April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan-2" title="Gaganyaan-2">Gaganyaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan-3" title="Gaganyaan-3">Gaganyaan-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTV-X1" title="HTV-X1">HTV-X1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-3" class="mw-redirect" title="IM-3">IM-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOXSAT" title="LOXSAT">LOXSAT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG" title="MetOp-SG">MetOp-SG</a> Series A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG" title="MetOp-SG">MetOp-SG</a> Series B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multispectral_Unit_for_Land_Assessment" title="Multispectral Unit for Land Assessment">MULA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMILE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Rider" title="Space Rider">Space Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARCS" title="SPARCS">SPARCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a> (February)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSC_Demo-1" title="SSC Demo-1">SSC Demo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a> (May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a> (April)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2026_in_spaceflight" title="2026 in spaceflight">2026</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALTIUS" title="ALTIUS">ALTIUS</a> / <a href="/wiki/FLEX_(satellite)" title="FLEX (satellite)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Rashid 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">MMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> (2026–2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULTRASAT" title="ULTRASAT">ULTRASAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2027_in_spaceflight" title="2027 in spaceflight">2027</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-infrared_Outgoing_Radiation_Understanding_and_Monitoring" title="Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring">FORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> (September)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_and_Propulsion_Element" title="Power and Propulsion Element">PPE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Habitation_and_Logistics_Outpost" title="Habitation and Logistics Outpost">HALO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-9" title="Superbird-9">Superbird-9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_spaceflight" title="2020s in spaceflight">2028+</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">JASMINE</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">LUPEX</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBR (spacecraft)">MBR Explorer</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return" title="NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return">MSR</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAOCOM" title="SAOCOM">SAOCOM-2A</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Orbiter_Mission" title="Venus Orbiter Mission">Venus Orbiter Mission</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> / <a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a> (2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Planet_Programme" title="Living Planet Programme">Harmony</a> (2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a> (2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera-D" title="Venera-D">Venera-D</a> (2029–2031)</li> <li>ISS Deorbit Vehicle (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAOCOM" title="SAOCOM">SAOCOM-2B</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> (2030+)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnVision" title="EnVision">EnVision</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a> (2031–2032)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> (2032)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> (2035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a> (2035)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/TBA" class="mw-redirect" title="TBA">TBA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janus_(spacecraft)" title="Janus (spacecraft)">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2">MOM 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX-1</a> (mid 2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe" title="Uranus Orbiter and Probe">Uranus Orbiter and Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">Habitable Worlds Observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Recently<br />launched</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Dawn" title="Polaris Dawn">Polaris Dawn</a> (10 September)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-26" title="Soyuz MS-26">Soyuz MS-26</a> (11 September)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-9" title="SpaceX Crew-9">SpaceX Crew-9</a> (28 September)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> (14 October)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_19" title="Shenzhou 19">Shenzhou 19</a> (29 October)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_missions_to_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed missions to the Moon">List of proposed missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">List of proposed space observatories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_Solar_System_probes" title="List of proposed Solar System probes">List of proposed Solar System probes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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