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id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ystertydperk" title="Ystertydperk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ystertydperk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenzeit" title="Eisenzeit – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Eisenzeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="የብረት ዘመን – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የብረት ዘመን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_de_Fierro" title="Edat de Fierro – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edat de Fierro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="العصر الحديدي – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الحديدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89" title="عصر حديدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عصر حديدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="লৌহ যুগ – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লৌহ যুগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%A1_del_fierro" title="Edá del fierro – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edá del fierro" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azilugal" title="Azilugal – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Azilugal" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99mir_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Dəmir dövrü – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəmir dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C" title="دمیر دؤنمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دمیر دؤنمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тимер быуат – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тимер быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C5%BE%C4%97is_om%C5%BEios" title="Gelžėis omžios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gelžėis omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жалезны век – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жалезны век" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жалезны век – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жалезны век" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Желязна епоха – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Желязна епоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Zaman Besi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ပသီႏခေတ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပသီႏခေတ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="লৌহ যুগ – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লৌহ যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྕགས་ཆས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་རབས། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྕགས་ཆས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་རབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oadvezh_an_houarn" title="Oadvezh an houarn – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oadvezh an houarn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Željezno doba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_del_ferro" title="Edat del ferro – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edat del ferro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аьчка оьмар – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аьчка оьмар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86" title="سەردەمی ئاسن – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی ئاسن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_devri" title="Demir devri – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Demir devri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doba_%C5%BEelezn%C3%A1" title="Doba železná – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Doba železná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%B2ka_%C5%BCelaz%C5%82a" title="Epòka żelazła – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Epòka żelazła" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95" title="Тимĕр ĕмĕрĕ – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тимĕр ĕмĕрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oes_yr_Haearn" title="Oes yr Haearn – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oes yr Haearn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernalder" title="Jernalder – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jernalder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenzeit" title="Eisenzeit – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eisenzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wext%C3%AA_As%C4%B1ni" title="Wextê Asıni – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Wextê Asıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Εποχή του Σιδήρου – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εποχή του Σιδήρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A8_dal_f%C3%A8r" title="Etè dal fèr – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Etè dal fèr" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iron Age" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferepoko" title="Ferepoko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ferepoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_del_Hierro" title="Edad del Hierro – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edad del Hierro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauaaeg" title="Rauaaeg – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rauaaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdin_Aroa" title="Burdin Aroa – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Burdin Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86" title="عصر آهن – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصر آهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautakausi" title="Rautakausi – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rautakausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravvaaig" title="Ravvaaig – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ravvaaig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer" title="Âge du fer – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Âge du fer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisentidj" title="Iisentidj – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iisentidj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izertiid" title="Izertiid – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Izertiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iarannaois" title="An Iarannaois – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iarannaois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鐵器時代 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鐵器時代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laj_di_fer" title="Laj di fer – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laj di fer" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_de_Ferro" title="Idade de Ferro – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idade de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C" title="תקופת הברזל – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת הברזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="लौह युग – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लौह युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loha_Yug" title="Loha Yug – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Loha Yug" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Željezno doba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaskor" title="Vaskor – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vaskor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Երկաթի դար – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկաթի դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A7_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Երկաթէ Դար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երկաթէ Դար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panawen_ti_Landok" title="Panawen ti Landok – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panawen ti Landok" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аьшка зама – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Аьшка зама" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fer-epoko" title="Fer-epoko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fer-epoko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rn%C3%B6ld" title="Járnöld – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Járnöld" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_ferro" title="Età del ferro – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età del ferro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鉄器時代 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉄器時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayan_Iej" title="Ayan Iej – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ayan Iej" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaman_wesi" title="Jaman wesi – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaman wesi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რკინის ხანა – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რკინის ხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8A%CA%8A_p%C9%A9nz%C9%A9_(Age_du_fer)" title="Ñɩɣyʊʊ pɩnzɩ (Age du fer) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñɩɣyʊʊ pɩnzɩ (Age du fer)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Темір дәуірі – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Темір дәуірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="철기 시대 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철기 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdema_hesin%C3%AE" title="Serdema hesinî – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serdema hesinî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_Horn" title="Oos Horn – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oos Horn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83" title="Темир доору – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Темир доору" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetas_ferrea" title="Aetas ferrea – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aetas ferrea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eda_de_Fero" title="Eda de Fero – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eda de Fero" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iezertied" title="Iezertied – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iezertied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A6_do_f%C3%A6ro" title="Etæ do færo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Etæ do færo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A9_dl_Fer" title="Eté dl Fer – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Eté dl Fer" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etaa_del_Ferr" title="Etaa del Ferr – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Etaa del Ferr" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ອາຍຸທາດເຫຼັກ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາຍຸທາດເຫຼັກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gele%C5%BEies_am%C5%BEius" title="Geležies amžius – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geležies amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dze%C4%BC%C5%BEalaiki" title="Dzeļžalaiki – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Dzeļžalaiki" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzelzs_laikmets" title="Dzelzs laikmets – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzelzs laikmets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andron%27_ny_Vy" title="Andron' ny Vy – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andron' ny Vy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%B1%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%A7_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Кӱртньӧ курым – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кӱртньӧ курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Железно време – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Железно време" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="അയോയുഗം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോയുഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Төмөр зэвсгийн үе – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төмөр зэвсгийн үе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="लोह युग – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लोह युग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidade_de_l_Fierro" title="Eidade de l Fierro – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eidade de l Fierro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="သံခေတ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံခေတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_d%22o_fierro" title="Età d"o fierro – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Età d"o fierro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesentiet" title="Iesentiet – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iesentiet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iezertied" title="Iezertied – quyi sakson" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Iezertied" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="quyi sakson" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="लौह युग – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लौह युग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="न युग – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न युग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJzertijd" title="IJzertijd – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJzertijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarnalderen" title="Jarnalderen – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jarnalderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernalderen" title="Jernalderen – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jernalderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre" title="Edat dau Fèrre – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Edat dau Fèrre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97" title="ਲੋਹਾ ਯੁੱਗ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੋਹਾ ਯੁੱਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoka_%C5%BCelaza" title="Epoka żelaza – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epoka żelaza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_d%C3%ABl_fer" title="Età dël fer – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Età dël fer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="لوہا ویلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوہا ویلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="د اوسپنې زمانه – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوسپنې زمانه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_do_Ferro" title="Idade do Ferro – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Idade do Ferro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp_da_fier" title="Temp da fier – romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Temp da fier" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_Fierului" title="Epoca Fierului – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epoca Fierului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Железный век – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Железный век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Желїзна доба – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Желїзна доба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लोहयुगम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लोहयुगम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Тимир үйэ – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тимир үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edade_de_su_Ferru" title="Edade de su Ferru – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Edade de su Ferru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etati_d%C3%BB_ferru" title="Etati dû ferru – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Etati dû ferru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airn_Age" title="Airn Age – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airn Age" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Željezno doba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A9_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA" title="යකඩ යුගය – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යකඩ යුගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iron Age" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezn%C3%A1_doba" title="Železná doba – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Železná doba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezna_doba" title="Železna doba – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Železna doba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zera_re_Utare" title="Zera re Utare – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zera re Utare" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koha_e_Hekurit" title="Koha e Hekurit – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koha e Hekurit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Гвоздено доба – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвоздено доба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iersentied" title="Iersentied – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iersentied" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rn%C3%A5ldern" title="Järnåldern – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Järnåldern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zama_za_Chuma" title="Zama za Chuma – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zama za Chuma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இரும்புக் காலம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரும்புக் காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="ఇనుప యుగం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇనుప యుగం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ยุคเหล็ก – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเหล็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_asyry" title="Demir asyry – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Demir asyry" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Bakal" title="Panahong Bakal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Bakal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_%C3%87a%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Demir Çağı – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demir Çağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Тимер гасыр – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тимер гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Залізна доба – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Залізна доба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آہنی دور – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آہنی دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_fero" title="Età del fero – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Età del fero" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudaig" title="Raudaig – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Raudaig" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%E1%BA%AFt" title="Thời đại đồ sắt – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời đại đồ sắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yzertyd" title="Yzertyd – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Yzertyd" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_han_Puthaw" title="Panahon han Puthaw – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panahon han Puthaw" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铁器时代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რკინაშ ხანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რკინაშ ხანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A2" title="אייזן עפאכע – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייזן עפאכע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铁器时代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E4%B8%96" title="鐵世 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鐵世" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thih-kh%C3%AC_S%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Thih-khì Sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thih-khì Sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鐵器時代 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鐵器時代" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><p><b>Temir davri</b>, ilk temir davri — insoniyatning ibtidoiy jamoa va ilk ishlab chiqarish. xoʻjaligi shakllanayotgan tarixidagi davr. Fanda tosh va jez deb yuritilgan davrlardan soʻng insoniyat hayotida sodir boʻlgan tarixiy bosqich. Bu davr xoʻjalikda ohangarlik (temir metallurgiyasi) yuzaga kelishi, tarkalishi va temir qurollar ishlatilishi bilan belgilanadi. "Temir davri" atamasi, garchi antik dunyoda tosh, jez asri tushunchalari qatorida yuzaga kelgan boʻlsada, fanga 19-asrning oʻrtalarida daniyalik arxeolog K.Y.Tomsen tomonidan kiritilgan. Rudadan temirni ajratib olish usuli dastlab Misr va Mesopotamiyada (mil. av. 3-ming yillikning 1-yarmida) kashf etilgan. Keyinroq (mil. av. 2-ming yillikning oxirida) bu usulni yunonlar bilib olishgan. Mil. av. XI asrdan boshlab Falastin, Suriya, Kichik Osiyo, Kavkazorti, <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a> va Xitoyda xoʻjalik va harbiy qurolaslahalar yasashda temirdan keng miqyosda foydalanilgan, soʻngra temir asboblar yasash Eron va Oʻrta Osiyoda ham keng tarqala boshlagan. Temir (meteoritdan tashqari) Amerika, Avstraliya, Tinch okeanning aksariyat orollarida va Shimoliy mintaqalarda 16—17-asrlarda maʼlum boʻlgan. Temir tabiatda yombi sifatida uchramaydi. U ruda zarrachalari toʻplamini yumshoq xamirsimon holatga kiritish usuli bilan olingan. Bu usul temir rudasini 900— 1350° atrofida qizdirib maxsus koʻralarda boskrndan konussimon nay orqali havoni puflab kuchaytirish yoʻli bilan bajarilgan. Koʻra tubida kritsa (1 – 5 kg lik gʻalvirak temir boʻlagi) hosil boʻlib, uni olovda qizdirib, suvga botirib, sandonda bolga bilan urib toblangan. Natijada temir rudasi zichlanib, toshqollardan tozalangan. Biroq olingan sof temir juda yumshoq, undan yasalgan mehnat qurollarining sifati past boʻlgan. Mil. av. IX-VII asrlarga kelib metallga termik usul bilan ishlov berish kashf etilib, uni poʻlatga aylantirilishi yangi material — temirning keng tarqalishiga sabab boʻladi. </p><p>Temir davrida ishlab chiqarishda buyuk texnika oʻzgarishlari yuz berdi. Temir rudasining mis va kalayga nisbatan tabiatda serobligi, mustahkam sifati uning ishlab chiqarish.da va harbiy sohada tez va keng tarqalishiga olib keldi. Ayniqsa, qishloq xoʻjaligi.da gemir qurollardan foydalanishga oʻtish katta voqea boʻldi. Chunki dehqonchilik maydonlarini kengaytirishda temir asbob va kurollar (bolta, ketmon, kurak), ayniqsa, temir tishli omoch kabi mustahkam moslamalar paydo boʻldi. Temir davrida dehqonchilikdan hunarmandchilik ajralib chiqib, alohida ishlab chiqarish. xoʻjaligiga aylandi. </p><p>Temirning keng tarqalishi bilan ishlab chiqarish xoʻjaliklarining rivojlanib borishi shubhasiz, ijtimoiy hayotni ham tubdan oʻzgarishiga olib keddi. Yirik qishloqlar hunarmandchilik va oʻzaro ayirboshlash savdo markazita aylanib, shaharlar qad koʻtardi. Ular xom ğisht va paxsadan bino qilingan baland va qalin devorlar bilan oʻrab olindi. Shunday qilib, temir va poʻlat buyumlardan keng koʻlamda foydalanish <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_Osiyo" title="Oʻrta Osiyo">Oʻrta Osiyo</a> shagʻar va qishloqlari taraqqiyotiga ham samarali tasir etdi. </p><p>Oʻzbekistonda Temir davriga oid yodgorliklarni sanalashtirish va dastlabki turkumlarga ajratilishiga doyr tadqiqotlar S.P.Tolstov, A. I. Terenojkin va Ya. Gʻulomovlar tomonidan amalga oshirilgan. Oʻzbekiston hududida Temir davri yodgorliklari mil. av. VIII-VI asrlarga mansub. Ular Xorazm, Surxondaryo, Qashqadaryo, Samarqand, Buxoro, Toshkent viloyatlarida va Fargʻona vodiysida oʻrganilgan; Koʻzali Qir, Qalali Qir va Dingilja singari qad. qala va qishloq, shahar xarobalari, Tagisken va Uygarak qabriston va qoʻrgʻonlari, Boʻkantov qoyatosh suratlari tekshirilgan. Temir davrida qad. Xorazm hududlarida dastlabki yirik sugʻorish inshootlari vujudga kelgan. </p><p>1960—70y.larda Surxondaryoda Kuchuktepa, Jondavlat va Qiziltepaning quyi qatlamlari, Pachmoqtepa, Qizilchatepa yodgorliklari oʻrganildi. L.I. Albaum Kuchuktepadan mil. av. 6— 4-asrlarga oid uyjoy qoldiklari, kulolchilik, temirdan yasalgan uyroʻzgor va deqqonchilik buyumlarini topgan. 60y.larda Buxoro viloyatida Xazora yodgorligi va Sarmichsoy petrogliflari tekshirildi. Qashqadaryoda Temir davriga oid Chimqoʻrgʻon yodgorligi (1972) oʻrganildi. 1973-yilda Chordara istehkomi (Konimex tumani) va Romushtepa (Jondor tumani) tekshirildi. </p><p>Temir davriga mansub arxeologik yodgorliklar Toshkent viloyatida Burganliktepa, Qovunchitepa, Tuyaboʻgʻiztepa va Burchmulla xazinasi, Fargʻona vodiysida esa, Eylaton yodgorligi va Oqtosh qabristoni asosida oʻrganilgan. 80—90 yillardan Koʻktepa (Samarqand viloyati), Yerqoʻrgʻon va Uzunqir (<a href="/wiki/Qashqadaryo_viloyati" title="Qashqadaryo viloyati">Qashqadaryo viloyati</a>) kabi mil. av. 7—6-asrlarga oid nodir obidalarda arxeologik qazishlar oʻtkazildi. Bu yodgorliklarning tadqiqotlarida R. Sulaymonov, M. Filanoviç, A. Saʼdullayev, M. Isamiddinov, Sh. Odilov, B. Matboboyev va boshqalarning hissasi katta boʻddi. Temir davriga oid yodgorliklarning tadqiqot natijalari, shubhasiz, Oʻzbekiston tarixining eng muhim masalalaridan hisoblanadi. Shaharsozlik madaniyatining shakllanishi shaharlar va mamlakatlararo savdosotiq munosabatlarining rivoji hamda ilk davlatchilik tizimlarining shakllanishi va rivoji tarixini oʻrganishda samarali natijalar bermoqda. Chunki, Temir davrida mamlakatimiz hududida Xorazm, Baqtriya, Sugʻd, Choch va Fargʻona kabi qad. tarixiymadaniy oʻlkalar shakillanib, Katta Xorazm, Yunon-Baqtriya (Baxtar) podsholigi, Sugʻd mahalliy hokimlar konfederatsiyasi, Qangʻ davlati va Fargʻona afshinlari kabi hokimiyatlar tashkil topgan edi. </p><p>Ad..Tolstov S. P., Drevniy Xorezm, M., 1948; Filanovich M. I., Drevniy Tashkent, T., 1973; Suleymanov R. X., Drevniy Naxshab, T., 2000. </p> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub ikona"><img alt="Stub ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/50px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/75px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/100px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. 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