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data-ecl-label="true">Service standards and principles</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/transparency_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Transparency" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Transparency</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/ethics-and-good-administration_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Ethics and Good Administration" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Ethics and Good Administration</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/modernising-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Modernising the European Commission" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Modernising the European Commission</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/commissions-use-languages_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="The Commission’s use of languages" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The Commission’s use of languages</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" 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class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Our priorities</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-2-info-title" >Our priorities</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Learn how the EU is building a sustainable, digital, and inclusive future through its seven key priorities.</div><a href="/priorities-2024-2029_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-2-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/competitiveness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Competitiveness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Competitiveness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/security-and-defence_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Security and defence" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Security and defence</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/european-social-fairness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European social fairness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European social fairness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/quality-life_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Quality of life" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Quality of life</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/democracy-and-our-values_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Democracy and our values" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Democracy and our values</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/global-europe_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="A global Europe" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >A global Europe</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/eu-budget-and-reform_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="EU budget and reform" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >EU budget and reform</a></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-3"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-3-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">News and media</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-3-info-title" >News and media</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Stay up to date with the 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Discover the latest updates, stories, multimedia and other valuable material</div><a href="/news-and-media_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-3-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/news_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="News" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >News</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Press corner" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Press corner</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/visual-stories_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Visual stories" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Visual stories</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Audiovisual portal" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Audiovisual portal</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Resources" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1133396345" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Resources</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://op.europa.eu/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Publications" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Publications</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/resources/statistics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Statistics" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Statistics</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://learning-corner.learning.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Learning corner" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Learning corner</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/screen/home" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Eurobarometer" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Eurobarometer</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="EU law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >EU law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a 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aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-4-info-title" >Topics from A to Z</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Discover EU policies designed to bring benefits to citizens, businesses and other stakeholders in the EU</div><a href="/topics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1554083401-4-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Aid, Development cooperation, Fundamental rights" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1669601988" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Aid, Development cooperation, Fundamental rights</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/human-rights-non-eu-countries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Human rights in non-EU countries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Human rights in non-EU countries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-fundamental-rights-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Your fundamental rights in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Your fundamental rights in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/recipients-and-results-eu-aid_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Recipients and results of EU aid" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Recipients and results of EU aid</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/how-we-provide-aid_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="How we provide aid" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >How we provide aid</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/ensuring-aid-effectiveness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Ensuring aid effectiveness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Ensuring aid effectiveness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1669601988" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Business, Economy, Euro" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-185212891" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Business, Economy, Euro</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/doing-business-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Doing business in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Doing business in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/financial-services_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financial services" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Financial services</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic recovery" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic recovery</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/economic-forecasts-and-surveillance_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic forecasts and surveillance" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic forecasts and surveillance</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/european-semester_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The European Semester" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The European Semester</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-and-monetary-union_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic and Monetary Union" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic and Monetary Union</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/what-euro-area_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The euro area" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The euro area</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/euro/benefits_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="The benefits of the euro" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The benefits of the euro</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-185212891" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Education" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-936250681" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Education</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/skills-and-qualifications_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Skills and qualifications" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Skills and qualifications</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/study-or-teach-abroad_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Study or teach abroad" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Study or teach abroad</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/teaching-methods-and-materials_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Teaching methods and materials" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Teaching methods and materials</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/policy-educational-issues_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Policy on educational issues" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Policy on educational issues</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/set-projects-education-and-training_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Set up projects for education and training" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Set up projects for education and training</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-936250681" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Energy, Climate change, Environment" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1791310065" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Energy, Climate change, Environment</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/overall-targets-and-reporting_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Overall targets and reporting" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Overall targets and reporting</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Implementation in EU countries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Implementation in EU countries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/international-cooperation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="International cooperation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >International cooperation</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Standards, tools and labels" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Standards, tools and labels</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1791310065" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="EU regional and urban development" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-605899358" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">EU regional and urban development</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/financial-support-projects_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financial support for projects" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Financial support for projects</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/projects-and-results_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Projects and results" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Projects and results</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/countries-regions-cities_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Countries, regions, cities" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Countries, regions, cities</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/cooperation-between-border-regions_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Cooperation between border regions" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Cooperation between border regions</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-605899358" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Food, Farming, Fisheries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-343097462" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Food, Farming, Fisheries</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Food safety and quality" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Food safety and quality</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/farming_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Farming" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Farming</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/oceans-and-fisheries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Oceans and fisheries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Oceans and fisheries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/forestry_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Forestry" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Forestry</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/sustainable-agriculture_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Sustainable agriculture" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Sustainable agriculture</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/agricultural-trade_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Agricultural trade" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Agricultural trade</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/plants-and-plant-products_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Plants and plant products" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Plants and plant products</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/animals-and-animal-products_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Animals and animal products" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Animals and animal products</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-343097462" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1252799814" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Law</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/law-making-process_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law-making process" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law-making process</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/track-law-making_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Track law-making" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Track law-making</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/search-law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Search law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Search law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/law-topic_en?prefLang=nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law by topic" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law by topic</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/application-eu-law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Application of EU law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Application of EU law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/cross-border-cases_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Cross-border cases" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Cross-border cases</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/judicial-training-and-professional-networks_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Judicial training and professional networks" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Judicial training and professional networks</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/find-legal-professional_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Find a legal professional" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Find a legal professional</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law_en?prefLang=nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1252799814" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Live, work, travel in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1212995508" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Live, work, travel in the EU</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/living-another-eu-country_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Living in another EU country" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Living in another EU country</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Consumer rights and complaints" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Consumer rights and complaints</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/culture-heritage-sport-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Culture, Heritage, Sport in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Culture, Heritage, Sport in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/working-another-eu-country_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Working in another EU country" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Working in another EU country</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/employment-opportunities_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Employment opportunities" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Employment opportunities</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/travelling-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Travelling in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Travelling in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/travelling-non-eu-nationals_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Travelling for non-EU nationals" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Travelling for non-EU nationals</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://immigration-portal.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Emigrating to the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Emigrating to the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1212995508" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Research and innovation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1444553565" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Research and innovation</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/strategy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Strategy on research and innovation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Strategy on research and innovation</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/law-and-regulations_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law and regulations" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law and regulations</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/knowledge-publications-tools-and-data_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Knowledge: publications, tools and data" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Knowledge: publications, tools and data</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/funding_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Funding" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Funding</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/projects_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Projects" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Projects</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/partners-networking_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Partners, networking" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Partners, networking</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/research-area_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Research by area" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Research by area</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/research-and-innovation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1444553565" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup 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ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Engage in EU policymaking" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-287466770" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Engage in EU policymaking</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Have your say" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Have your say</a></li><li 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class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-287466770" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/jobs-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Jobs" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Jobs</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/funding-tenders_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Funding and tenders" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Funding and tenders</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Events" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Events</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Visit us" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1152848492" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Visit us</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li 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class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >International dimension of data protection</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page"><span>Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC)</span></li></ol></nav><div class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC)</span></h1></div><div class="ecl-page-header__description-container"><p class="ecl-page-header__description">Standard contractual clauses for data transfers between EU and non-EU  countries. </p></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_37241"></a> <div class="ecl-row inpage-navigation-container"> <div class="ecl-col-l-3"> <nav class="ecl-inpage-navigation oe-theme-ecl-inpage-navigation ecl-u-z-dropdown" data-ecl-auto-init="InpageNavigation" data-ecl-auto-initialized="true" data-ecl-inpage-navigation="true" aria-labelledby="ecl-inpage-navigation-359279826" ><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__title" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-359279826">Page contents</div><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__body"><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-wrapper"><button type="button" class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-359279826-trigger" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger="true" aria-controls="ecl-inpage-navigation-list" aria-expanded="false"><span class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-current" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger-current="true">Page contents</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></button></div><ul class="ecl-inpage-navigation__list" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-list="true" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-359279826-list"></ul></div></nav> </div> <div class="ecl-col-l-9" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_37238"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">EU Standard Contractual Clauses</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>According to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), contractual clauses ensuring appropriate data protection safeguards can be used as a ground for data transfers from the EU to third countries. This includes model contract clauses – so-called standard contractual clauses (SCCs) – that have been “pre-approved” by the European Commission.</p><p>On <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_2847" class="ecl-link">4 June 2021</a>, the Commission issued <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2021/914/oj" class="ecl-link">modernised standard contractual clauses</a> under the GDPR for data transfers from controllers or processors in the EU/EEA (or otherwise subject to the GDPR) to controllers or processors established outside the EU/EEA (and not subject to the GDPR).</p><p>These modernised SCCs replace the three sets of SCCs that were adopted under the previous Data Protection Directive 95/46. </p><p>The Commission developed <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/new-standard-contractual-clauses-questions-and-answers-overview_en" class="ecl-link">Questions and Answers (Q&As)</a> to provide practical guidance on the use of the SCCs and assist stakeholders in their compliance efforts under the GDPR. These Q&As are based on feedback received from various stakeholders on their experience with using the new SCCs in the first months after their adoption. The Q&As are intended to be a ‘dynamic’ source of information and will be updated as new questions arise.</p><p>The Commission is in the process of developing additional sets of SCCs for data transfers to third countries by EU institutions and bodies, and for data transfers to controllers or processors outside the EU whose processing operations are directly subject to the GDPR.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_38645"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Model clauses around the world</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Several organisations and third countries are developing or have issued their own model contractual clauses on the basis of converging principles that are also shared by the EU SCCs. </p><p>Some jurisdictions have endorsed the EU SCCs as a transfer mechanism under their own national data protection legislation, with limited formal adaptations to their domestic legal order (e.g. the <a href="https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/4019539/international-data-transfer-addendum.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">United Kingdom</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a> and <a href="https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/en/home/datenschutz/arbeit_wirtschaft/datenuebermittlung_ausland.html" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Switzerland</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>.</p><p>Others have developed model clauses that share a number of commonalities with the EU SCCs. This for instance includes:</p><p> -  the <a href="https://www.redipd.org/en/document/annex-model-contractual-clauses-en.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Model Contractual Clauses</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a> for transborder data flows of personal data developed on the basis of Convention 108+ by the Council of Europe Consultative Committee of Convention 108,</p><p> -  the <a href="https://www.redipd.org/en/document/annex-model-contractual-clauses-en.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Model Contractual Clauses</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a> developed by the Ibero-American Data Protection Network, as well as the accompanying <a href="https://www.redipd.org/sites/default/files/2023-02/guia-implementacion-clausulas-contractuales-modelo-tidp-en.pdfhttps://www.redipd.org/sites/default/files/2023-02/guia-implementacion-clausulas-contractuales-modelo-tidp-en.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">implementation Guide</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>,</p><p> -  the <a href="https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/3-ASEAN-Model-Contractual-Clauses-for-Cross-Border-Data-Flows_Final.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">ASEAN Model Contractual Clauses</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a> for Cross Border Data Flows developed by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,</p><p> -  as well as clauses developed at national level, e.g. in <a href="https://privacy.org.nz/responsibilities/your-obligations/disclosing-personal-information-outside-new-zealand/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">New Zealand</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, <a href="http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/265000-269999/267922/norma.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Argentina</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, and the <a href="https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/4019538/international-data-transfer-agreement.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">United Kingdom</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_37239"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">EU and ASEAN develop joint guidance on the use of model clauses for data transfers</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>The Commission is intensifying its cooperation with international partners to further facilitate data transfers between different regions of the world on the basis of model clauses. ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is a key partner in this respect. Together with ASEAN, the Commission has developed a <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/document/df5cd5a0-7387-4a2a-8058-8d2ccfec3062_en" class="ecl-link">Guide</a> on the EU standard contractual clauses and ASEAN model contractual clauses, to assist companies present in both jurisdictions with their compliance efforts under both sets of clauses. The Guide identifies the commonalities between the two sets of clauses and provides non-exhaustive examples of best practices companies can consider to operationalise safeguards required under the clauses. </p></div> </div> </div> <div> <a id="paragraph_37240"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Documents</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"> <article class="ecl-content-item"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block=""><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">General publications</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2021-06-04T12:00:00Z">4 June 2021</time></li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link=""><a href="/publications/publications-standard-contractual-clauses-sccs_en?prefLang=nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Publications on the Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs)</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><p>Access documents related to the two sets of Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs), including questions and answers on their use.</p></div></div></article> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-1859297997"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">24 MAY 2023</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-1859297997-title">Joint Guide to ASEAN Model Contractual Clauses and EU Standard Contractual Clauses</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-1859297997-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(535.22 KB - PDF)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/df5cd5a0-7387-4a2a-8058-8d2ccfec3062_en?filename=%28Final%29%20Joint_Guide_to_ASEAN_MCC_and_EU_SCC.pdf&prefLang=nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" data-wt-preview="pdf" id="ecl-file-1859297997-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-1859297997-link-label ecl-file-1859297997-title ecl-file-1859297997-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-1176603845"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">25 MAY 2022</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-1176603845-title">Questions and Answers for the two sets of Standard Contractual Clauses</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-1176603845-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(435.42 KB - PDF)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/b9d3d16b-9003-45e7-acef-409562b4bf8b_en?filename=questions_answers_on_sccs_en.pdf&prefLang=nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" data-wt-preview="pdf" id="ecl-file-1176603845-link" 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