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id="toc-Spanish_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Swedish branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>UK branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St_Bridget's_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St_Bridget's_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>St Bridget's Rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St_Bridget's_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brigittine_monks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brigittine_monks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Brigittine monks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brigittine_monks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican_Brigittines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican_Brigittines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Anglican Brigittines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican_Brigittines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Bridgettines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ордэн брыгітак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ордэн брыгітак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Орден на бригитките – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орден на бригитките" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_del_Sant%C3%ADssim_Salvador" title="Orde del Santíssim Salvador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde del Santíssim Salvador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgittinerordenen" title="Birgittinerordenen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Birgittinerordenen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erl%C3%B6serorden" title="Erlöserorden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erlöserorden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgitiinide_ordu" title="Birgitiinide ordu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Birgitiinide ordu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Salvador_de_Santa_Br%C3%ADgida" title="Orden del Santísimo Salvador de Santa Brígida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden del Santísimo Salvador de Santa Brígida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordeno_de_la_tre_sankta_Savanto" title="Ordeno de la tre sankta Savanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ordeno de la tre sankta Savanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_Sainte-Brigitte" title="Ordre de Sainte-Brigitte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de Sainte-Brigitte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_del_Santissimo_Salvatore_di_Santa_Brigida" title="Ordine del Santissimo Salvatore di Santa Brigida – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine del Santissimo Salvatore di Santa Brigida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgittinessen" title="Birgittinessen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Birgittinessen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgittinerordenen" title="Birgittinerordenen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Birgittinerordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brygidki" title="Brygidki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brygidki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_do_Sant%C3%ADssimo_Salvador_de_Santa_Br%C3%ADgida" title="Ordem do Santíssimo Salvador de Santa Brígida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem do Santíssimo Salvador de Santa Brígida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бригиттки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бригиттки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgittalaiset" title="Birgittalaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Birgittalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgittinorden" title="Birgittinorden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Birgittinorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Бригідки (орден) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бригідки (орден)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q952578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Religious order</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katerina_Lemmel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Katerina_Lemmel.jpg/220px-Katerina_Lemmel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Katerina_Lemmel.jpg/330px-Katerina_Lemmel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Katerina_Lemmel.jpg/440px-Katerina_Lemmel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption>Habit of the professed Bridgettine nuns with the typical crown of linnen on the veil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG/200px-Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG/300px-Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG/400px-Vadstena_Klosterkirke.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>Covent church of the Pax Mariae abbey in <a href="/wiki/Vadstena" title="Vadstena">Vadstena</a>, the first Bridgettine monastery of the old branch</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klasztor_brygitek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Klasztor_brygitek.jpg/200px-Klasztor_brygitek.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Klasztor_brygitek.jpg/300px-Klasztor_brygitek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Klasztor_brygitek.jpg/400px-Klasztor_brygitek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Bridgettine <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Hrodna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Bridgettines</b>, or Birgittines, formally known as the <b>Order of the Most Holy Saviour</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Ordo Sanctissimi Salvatoris</i>; abbreviated <b>OSsS</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">monastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">religious order</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> founded by Saint Birgitta (<a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a>) in 1344 and approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_V" title="Pope Urban V">Pope Urban V</a> in 1370.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They follow the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Rule of Saint Augustine">Rule of Saint Augustine</a>. There are today several different branches of Bridgettines. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first monastery of the order was founded in 1369 at the former royal castle of Vadstena.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Bridget's granddaughter, Lady <a href="/wiki/Ingegerd_Knutsdotter" title="Ingegerd Knutsdotter">Ingegerd Knutsdotter</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vadstena" title="Vadstena">Vadstena</a> from 1385 to 1403. Upon her death on 14 September 1412, direct descent from St. Bridget became extinct. This opened the <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> concept of "Bridget's spiritual children", members of the order founded by her, to be her true heirs. </p><p>The order spread widely in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and played a remarkable part in promoting culture and literature in <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>; to this is to be attributed the fact that the <a href="/wiki/Motherhouse" title="Motherhouse">motherhouse</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vadstena" title="Vadstena">Vadstena</a>, by Lake <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ttern" title="Vättern">Vättern</a>, was not suppressed till 1595 even though the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> had been widespread in Scandinavia. By 1515, with significant royal patronage, there were 27 houses, 13 of them in Scandinavia. Bridgettine houses soon spread into other lands, reaching an eventual total of 80. </p><p>In England, the Bridgettine monastery of <a href="/wiki/Syon_Abbey" title="Syon Abbey">Syon Abbey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Isleworth" title="Isleworth">Isleworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, was founded and royally endowed by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a> in 1415, and became one of the most fervent, most influential and materially best endowed religious communities in the country until its <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. One of the monks of the community, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Reynolds_(martyr)" title="Richard Reynolds (martyr)">Richard Reynolds</a>, O.Ss.S., was among the first members of the English <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> to be executed as a traitor for his refusal to accept the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Supremacy" title="Oath of Supremacy">Oath of Supremacy</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1970. </p><p>Syon Abbey was among the few religious houses restored during Queen <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a>'s reign (1553–1558), when nearly twenty members of the old community were re-established there in 1557. Upon the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England#Accession" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">accession of Queen Elizabeth I</a> and the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">persecution of Catholics by the English Crown</a>, the Bridgettine monastic community left England, first for the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, then, after many vicissitudes, to <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> in France, and finally, in 1594, to <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lizzy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lizzy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the exiled community's recruits during Elizabeth's reign was <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Sander" title="Elizabeth Sander">Elizabeth Sander</a>, known as a writer.<sup id="cite_ref-lizzy_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lizzy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She returned to England in 1578 only to be imprisoned and then escaped in 1580. She was to escape from imprisonment in <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Castle" title="Winchester Castle">Winchester Castle</a> before she surrendered. She eventually returned to her community in Lisbon, where she died. The community remained in Lisbon (where the last monk of the community died), recruiting new members from England, until 1861, when they returned to England. </p><p>Syon Abbey in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> continued as the only English religious community that had existed without interruption since pre-Reformation times. In 2004 the surviving medieval books of the monastic library were entrusted for safekeeping to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a>. Among the texts preserved was the <i>Showing of Love</i> by <a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a> and <i>The Orcherd of Syon</i>, which translated <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a>'s <i>Dialogue</i>. Syon Abbey's <a href="/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture">Tudor</a> gatepost in marble, on which parts of St Richard Reynolds' body were placed, was brought by the nuns into their exile, and then returned with them to England. This was later given to the Church of the Blessed Sacrament in Exeter. </p><p>Virtually all the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> Bridgettine monasteries (the bulk of the order) were destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Currently_active_branches">Currently active branches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Currently active branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2013 there were 800 members.<sup id="cite_ref-berry_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berry-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinctive part of the Bridgettine veil for the professed sisters is the crown, called the "Crown of the Five Holy Wounds". It has five red marks, one at each joint, to recall the <a href="/wiki/Five_Wounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Wounds">Five Wounds</a> of Christ on the Cross. The monks wear a red cross with the image of a <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic">Eucharistic</a> host at the center on the right breast of their <a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloak</a>. The order has its own proper <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_rites_and_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic rites and churches">Rite</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Hours">Canonical Hours</a>, called the <i>Office of Our Lady</i>. Most houses of the order support themselves by providing <a href="/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast" title="Bed and breakfast">bed and breakfast</a> hospitality to guests at standard industry rates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_branch">Medieval branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original medieval branch today consists of four independent monasteries: </p> <ul><li>Maria Refugie Abbey in <a href="/wiki/Uden" title="Uden">Uden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syon_Abbey" title="Syon Abbey">Syon Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Isleworth" title="Isleworth">Isleworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (abandoned in 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Birgittakloster in <a href="/wiki/Altom%C3%BCnster" title="Altomünster">Altomünster</a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (abandoned in 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadstena_Abbey" title="Vadstena Abbey">Pax Mariae Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vadstena" title="Vadstena">Vadstena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_branch">Spanish branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spanish branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marina_de_Escobar" title="Marina de Escobar">Marina de Escobar</a> founded a Spanish branch in the 1630s, consisting only of nuns, following a slightly modified version of the St Bridget's Rule. It currently consists of four independent monasteries in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, four in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_branch">Swedish branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Swedish branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest branch of the Bridgettines today is the one founded by Saint <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hesselblad" title="Elizabeth Hesselblad">Elizabeth Hesselblad</a>, a nurse, on 8 September 1911, and consisting of religious sisters dedicated to providing hospitality for those in need of rest. It was fully approved by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> on 7 July 1940, and currently consists of convents in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. </p><p>The motherhouse of the order is located on the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Farnese" title="Piazza Farnese">Piazza Farnese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, the house where Birgitta had once lived (see <a href="/wiki/Santa_Brigida_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Brigida (Rome)">Santa Brigida</a> in Rome). On 28 October 2016, Fabia Kattakayam was selected as the order's new Abbess General.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the first person of Indian descent to serve in this position.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in all the houses of the order, this convent offers accommodation. Protestant services also are held in the crypt, as the sisters have <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenical outreach</a> as part of their <a href="/wiki/Charism" class="mw-redirect" title="Charism">charism</a>. After the Reformation a printshop was set up to print Swedish-language Catholic works. </p><p>Controversy arose in 2002 over the treatment of the Indian sisters who form a large percentage of the order. This became public in 2002 when six Indian sisters from different houses of the order in Italy fled and approached the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Scholastica,_Subiaco" title="Abbey of Saint Scholastica, Subiaco">Abbot of Subiaco</a>. At the abbot's request, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Cesare_Bonicelli" title="Silvio Cesare Bonicelli">Silvio Cesare Bonicelli</a> of Parma issued a special decree, permitting the fugitive sisters enter a monastery of Benedictine nuns. As a consequence, the <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a>, was subsequently required to resign from office by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, a highly unusual event.<sup id="cite_ref-berry_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berry-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_branch">UK branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: UK branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iver Heath, in Buckinghamshire, was the first foundation of the new branch of the Bridgettine Order in the UK and has been a house of prayer and provided hospitality since 1931. In 1999 Bridgettine sisters took up residence in a newly built convent at the <a href="/wiki/Maryvale_Institute" title="Maryvale Institute">Maryvale Institute</a> in Birmingham.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="St_Bridget's_Rule"><span id="St_Bridget.27s_Rule"></span>St Bridget's Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: St Bridget's Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg/150px-Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg/225px-Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg/300px-Escudo_de_fraternidad_sss_-_copia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms The Order of the Most Holy Savior (Bridgettines)</figcaption></figure> <p>The original Bridgettine Order was open to both men and women, and was dedicated to devotion to the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. It was a "<a href="/wiki/Double_monastery" title="Double monastery">double order</a>" each monastery having attached to it a small community of monks to act as <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplains</a>, but under the government of the <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a>. </p><p> St Bridget's <a href="/wiki/Monastic_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic rule">Rule</a> stipulated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the number of choir nuns shall not exceed sixty, with four <a href="/wiki/Lay_sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay sisters">lay sisters</a>; the priests shall be thirteen, according to the number of the thirteen apostles, of whom <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> the thirteenth was not the least in toil; then there must be four deacons, who also may be priests if they will, and they are the figure of the four principal Doctors, <a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, then eight <a href="/wiki/Lay_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay brothers">lay brothers</a>, who with their labors shall minister necessaries to the clerics, therefore counting three-score sisters, thirteen priests, four deacons, and the eight servitors, the number of persons will be the same as the thirteen Apostles and the seventy two-disciples.</p></blockquote> <p>The nuns were strictly enclosed, emphasizing scholarship and study, but the monks were also preachers and itinerant missionaries. The individual monasteries were each subject to the local <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>, and, in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, they were ruled by an abbess. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brigittine_monks">Brigittine monks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Brigittine monks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity,_Oregon,_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity%2C_Oregon%2C_USA.jpg/200px-Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity%2C_Oregon%2C_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity%2C_Oregon%2C_USA.jpg/300px-Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity%2C_Oregon%2C_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity%2C_Oregon%2C_USA.jpg/400px-Our_Lady_of_Consolation_priory_in_Amity%2C_Oregon%2C_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Brigittine Priory, Our Lady of Consolation in Amity, Oregon, US</figcaption></figure> <p>An innovative community of Brigittine monks is located in <a href="/wiki/Amity,_Oregon" title="Amity, Oregon">Amity, Oregon</a>, at the Monastery of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Consolation" title="Our Lady of Consolation">Our Lady of Consolation</a>. Founded on 16 March 1976, by Brother Benedict Kirby, O.Ss.S., it is the only Brigittine monastery of men in the world and the first since the nineteenth century when they were dispersed, largely due to the European wars. The monks here do not ordinarily receive <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a>, following the original pattern of <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monasticism</a>. The monastery has the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canonical</a> status of a <a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">priory</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_juris" class="mw-redirect" title="Sui juris">sui juris</a></i> (one which is autonomous) and is supported mainly through sales of their chocolate fudges and truffles.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglican_Brigittines">Anglican Brigittines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anglican Brigittines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Most Holy Saviour Fraternity was founded in Mexico on 14 September 2012, and was confirmed by the bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Mexico" title="Anglican Church of Mexico">Anglican Diocese of the West, Mexico</a> on 26 August 2013, in the city of San Luis Potosí.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG/220px-Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG/330px-Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG/440px-Neues_Brigittenkloster.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>New St. Bridget convent in Pirita, Tallinn, Estonia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katerina_Lemmel" title="Katerina Lemmel">Katerina Lemmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Tekla_Famiglietti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Tekla Famiglietti">Mother Tekla Famiglietti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Sanctae_Birgittae" title="Societas Sanctae Birgittae">Societas Sanctae Birgittae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirita_convent" title="Pirita convent">Pirita convent</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgettines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brigittine Order</i>, <b>OSV's Encyclopedia of Catholic History</b>, ed. Matthew Bunson, (Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, 2004), 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franklin Daniel Scott, <i>Sweden, the Nation's History</i>, (Southern Illinois University Press, 1988), 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brigidine.org/en-EN/">"The order of S. Bridget", Suore Brigidine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lizzy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lizzy_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lizzy_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-105928">"Sander [Sanders, Saunders], Elizabeth (d. 1607), Bridgettine nun and writer"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F105928">10.1093/ref:odnb/105928</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sander+%5BSanders%2C+Saunders%5D%2C+Elizabeth+%28d.+1607%29%2C+Bridgettine+nun+and+writer&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F105928&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-105928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABridgettines" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berry-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-berry_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berry_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2013" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Jason (March 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/vatican-jason-berry-mother-tekla-most-powerful-woman-in-rome">"Mother Tekla: The Most Powerful Woman in Rome"</a>. <i>Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulitzer+Center+on+Crisis+Reporting&rft.atitle=Mother+Tekla%3A+The+Most+Powerful+Woman+in+Rome&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpulitzercenter.org%2Freporting%2Fvatican-jason-berry-mother-tekla-most-powerful-woman-in-rome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABridgettines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tablet.archive.netcopy.co.uk/article/9th-april-2011/42/last-nuns-of-syon-abbey-to-sell-home">Frymann, Abigail. <i>Last nuns of Syon Abbey to sell home</i>, <i>The Tablet</i>, 9 April 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://herald-review.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/religion/historic-german-abbey-closes/article_e9d75570-1da3-5c7f-8317-1234565154e5.html"><i>Historic German abbey closes</i>, <i>Herald & Review</i>, January 19, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/dachau/altomuenster-vatikan-loest-birgittenkloster-auf-1.2764447">Großmann, Viktoria. <i>Vatikan löst Birgittenkloster auf</i>, <i>Süddeutsche Zeitung</i>, Dezember 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katolsk.no/nyheter/2016/11/ny-generalabbedisse-for-birgittasostrene">"NY generalabbedisse for Birgittasøstrene"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NY+generalabbedisse+for+Birgittas%C3%B8strene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katolsk.no%2Fnyheter%2F2016%2F11%2Fny-generalabbedisse-for-birgittasostrene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABridgettines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://birgitta.katolsk.no/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100:november-2016&catid=2:birgittatrondheim&Itemid=1&lang=en">"The Bridgettine Sisters of Trondheim - the Bridgettine Sisters of Trondheim"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bridgettine+Sisters+of+Trondheim+-+the+Bridgettine+Sisters+of+Trondheim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbirgitta.katolsk.no%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D100%3Anovember-2016%26catid%3D2%3Abirgittatrondheim%26Itemid%3D1%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABridgettines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.la-croix.com/Urbi-et-Orbi/Actualite/Carnet/Soeur-Fabia-Kattakayam-nouvelle-superieure-generale-Brigittines-2016-10-25-1200798728&prev=search">"Google Translate"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Translate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dfr%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FUrbi-et-Orbi%2FActualite%2FCarnet%2FSoeur-Fabia-Kattakayam-nouvelle-superieure-generale-Brigittines-2016-10-25-1200798728%26prev%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABridgettines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412134624/https://www.maryvale.ac.uk/bridgettines.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Bridgettines", Maryvale Institute"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maryvale.ac.uk/bridgettines.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Bridgettines%22%2C+Maryvale+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maryvale.ac.uk%2Fbridgettines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABridgettines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brigittine.com/">Brigittine Monks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212010756/http://www.brigittine.org/monks/ab0711.htm">Archived</a> February 12, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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religious institutes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_religious_institutes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic religious institutes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_religious_institutes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Catholic religious institutes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Male<br />and<br />female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexians" title="Alexians">Alexians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a> (AA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Augustinian_Recollects" title="Order of Augustinian Recollects">Augustinian Recollects</a> (OAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Aleppian_Order" title="Basilian Aleppian Order">Basilian Aleppians</a> (BA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Chouerite_Order_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" title="Basilian Chouerite Order of Saint John the Baptist">Basilian Chouerites</a> (BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a> (OSB)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bridgettines</a> (OSsS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canossians" title="Canossians">Canossians</a> (FDCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> (OCarm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a> (OCart)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a> (OCist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Sion" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Sion">Congregation of Our Lady of Sion</a> (NDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a> (SSCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Discalced Carmelites</a> (OCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> (OP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> (OFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Incarnate_Word" title="Institute of the Incarnate Word">Institute of the Incarnate Word</a> (IVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a> (O de M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity" title="Missionaries of Charity">Missionaries of Charity</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Charles_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo">Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo</a> (CS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_Family_of_Bethlehem,_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_and_of_Saint_Bruno" title="Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno">Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a> (OPraem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_Charity" title="Servants of Charity">Servants of Charity</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servite Order</a> (OSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Atonement" title="Society of the Atonement">Society of the Atonement</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance">TOR Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a> (OCSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarian Order</a> (OSST)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Vatican City</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Male</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_Regular_Minor" title="Clerics Regular Minor">Adorno Fathers</a> (CRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertine_Brothers" title="Albertine Brothers">Albertine Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a> (OSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabites" title="Barnabites">Barnabites</a> (B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_St._Basil" title="Congregation of St. Basil">Basilians</a> (CSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Mercy_of_Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Brothers of Mercy of Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy</a> (FDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a> (MI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Cantius_Church_(Chicago)" title="St. John Cantius Church (Chicago)">Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchins</a> (OFM Cap)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Christian_Brothers" title="Congregation of Christian Brothers">Christian Brothers (Irish)</a> (CFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregatio_Discipulorum_Domini" title="Congregatio Discipulorum Domini">Congregatio Discipulorum Domini</a> (CDD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CICM_Missionaries" title="CICM Missionaries">Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (CICM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament">Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (SSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claretians" title="Claretians">Claretians</a> (CMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Saint_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux">Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux</a> (CST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Conventual Franciscans</a> (OFM Conv)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a> (OSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers" title="De La Salle Brothers">De La Salle Brothers</a> (FSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Augustinians" title="Discalced Augustinians">Discalced Augustinians</a> (OAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Renewal" title="Franciscan Friars of the Renewal">Franciscan Friars of the Renewal</a> (CFR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missionaries_of_the_Eternal_Word" title="Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word">Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word</a> (MFVA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Brothers_of_St._Gabriel" title="Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel">Gabrielites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a> (CSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Congregation of the Holy Spirit">Holy Ghost Fathers</a> (CSSp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephites_(Maryland)" title="Josephites (Maryland)">Josephites</a> (SSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries of Christ</a> (LC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Little Brothers of Jesus">Little Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Marian_Fathers_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception">Marians of the Immaculate Conception</a> (MIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Society of Jesus (Jesuits)</a> (SJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marianists)" title="Society of Mary (Marianists)">Society of Mary (Marianists)</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marists)" title="Society of Mary (Marists)">Society of Mary (Marists)</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Divine_Word" title="Society of the Divine Word">Society of the Divine Word</a> (SVD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Edmund" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Saint Edmund">Society of Saint Edmund</a> (SSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers" title="Marist Brothers">Marist Brothers</a> (FMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekhitarists" title="Mekhitarists">Mechitarists</a> (CAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comboni_Missionaries_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus">Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus</a> (MCCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_La_Salette" title="Missionaries of La Salette">Missionaries of La Salette</a> (MS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Francis_de_Sales" title="Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales">Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales</a> (MSFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Poor" title="Missionaries of the Poor">Missionaries of the Poor</a> (MOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Heart">Missionaries of the Sacred Heart</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Oblates_of_Mary_Immaculate" title="Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate">Oblates of Mary Immaculate</a> (OMI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Oblates of the Virgin Mary">Oblates of the Virgin Mary</a> (OMV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_St._Francis_de_Sales" title="Oblates of St. Francis de Sales">Oblates of St. Francis de Sales</a> (OSFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> (OFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionists" title="Passionists">Passionists</a> (CP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit" title="Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit">Pauline Fathers</a> (OSPPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptorists" title="Redemptorists">Redemptorists</a> (CSsR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogationists" title="Rogationists">Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus</a> (RCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Brothers of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesians</a> (SDB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Servants of Jesus and Mary">Servants of Jesus and Mary</a> (SJM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer" title="Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer">Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer</a> (FSSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xaverian_Brothers" title="Xaverian Brothers">Xaverian Brothers</a> (CFX)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adorers_of_the_Blood_of_Christ" title="Adorers of the Blood of Christ">Adorers of the Blood of Christ</a> (ASC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Apostolic_Carmel" title="Sisters of the Apostolic Carmel">Apostolic Carmel</a> (AC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Aleppian_Sisters" title="Basilian Aleppian Sisters">Basilian Aleppian Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Chouerite_Sisters" title="Basilian Chouerite Sisters">Basilian Chouerite Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigidine_Sisters" title="Brigidine Sisters">Brigidines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (CSIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Sisters_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa">Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa</a> (CSST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Hospitaller_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception">Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a> (FHIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Divine_Love" title="Daughters of Divine Love">Daughters of Divine Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception">Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Holy_Heart_of_Mary" title="Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary">Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithful_Companions_of_Jesus" title="Faithful Companions of Jesus">Faithful Companions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felician_Sisters" title="Felician Sisters">Felicians</a> (CSSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Teachers_Filippini" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Teachers Filippini">Filippini Sisters</a> (MPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus">Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Jesus_(Spain)" title="Daughters of Jesus (Spain)">Hijas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_Adoration_Sisters" title="Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters">Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Loreto" title="Sisters of Loreto">Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_Disciples_of_the_Lamb" title="Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb">Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_Jesus" title="Little Sisters of Jesus">Little Sisters of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_the_Poor" title="Little Sisters of the Poor">Little Sisters of the Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Gospel_Community" title="Living the Gospel Community">Living the Gospel Community</a> (LGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Lovers of the Holy Cross">Lovers of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianites_of_Holy_Cross" title="Marianites of Holy Cross">Marianites of Holy Cross</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_Sisters_of_St._Dominic" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic">Maryknoll Sisters</a> (MM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God">Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God</a> (SMIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (ICM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate_Sisters_of_Providence" title="Oblate Sisters of Providence">Oblate Sisters of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Jesus_the_Priest" title="Oblates of Jesus the Priest">Oblates of Jesus the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate_Sisters_of_the_Virgin_Mary_of_Fatima" title="Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima">Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima</a> (OMVF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity" title="Order of Our Lady of Charity">Order of Our Lady of Charity</a> (ODNC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Poor Clares</a> (OSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clare_Missionaries_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament">Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Society of the Sacred Heart">Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> (RSCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Religious of the Virgin Mary">Religious of the Virgin Mary</a> (RVM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_St._Joseph" title="Servants of St. Joseph">Servants of St. Joseph</a> (SSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament">Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity" title="Sisters of Charity">Sisters of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Saints_Bartolomea_Capitanio_and_Vincenza_Gerosa_(SCCG)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)">Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Christian_Doctrine_of_Nancy" title="Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy">Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy</a> (DC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Cross_and_Passion" title="Sisters of the Cross and Passion">Sisters of the Cross and Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Destitute" title="Sisters of the Destitute">Sisters of the Destitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Sisters of the Good Shepherd</a> (RGS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Holy_Cross" title="Sisters of Holy Cross">Sisters of Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Sisters of the Holy Cross">Sisters of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Family_(Louisiana)" title="Sisters of the Holy Family (Louisiana)">Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Names_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary">Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of the Immaculate Conception">Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters,_Servants_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Life" title="Sisters of Life">Sisters of Life</a> (SV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Mercy" title="Sisters of Mercy">Sisters of Mercy</a> (RSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Providence_of_Saint_Mary-of-the-Woods" title="Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods">Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of the Sacred Heart">Sisters of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Third_Order_of_St._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis">Sisters of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Joseph" title="Sisters of St. Joseph">Sisters of Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_St._Joseph_of_Peace" title="The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace">The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St_Joseph_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart">Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart</a> (RSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Saint_Paul_of_Chartres" title="Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres">Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres</a> (SPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Helpers_of_the_Holy_Souls" title="Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls">Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Social_Service" title="Sisters of Social Service">Sisters of Social Service</a> (sss)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Servants of the Blessed Sacrament">Servants of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (SSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a> (OSU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_Our_Lady_of_Africa" title="Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa">White Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Catholic laity</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952578#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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