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<span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraterrestrial_storms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraterrestrial_storms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extraterrestrial storms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraterrestrial_storms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_human_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_human_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effects on human society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects_on_human_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects on human society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_human_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_storms_in_art_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_storms_in_art_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable storms in art and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_storms_in_art_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable storms in art and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_storms_in_art_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_mythology_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_mythology_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In mythology and literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_mythology_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fine_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fine_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In fine art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fine_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_motion_pictures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_motion_pictures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>In motion pictures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_motion_pictures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>In music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Storm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm" title="Storm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Storm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तूफ़ान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तूफ़ान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9" title="عاصفة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عاصفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Փոթորիկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փոթորիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truena" title="Truena – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Truena" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufan" title="Tufan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tufan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طوفان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="طوفان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="ঝড় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঝড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Дауыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дауыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бура – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Буря – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Буря" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korventenn" title="Korventenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Korventenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempesta" title="Tempesta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tempesta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BB" title="Тăвăл – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăвăл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bou%C5%99e_(meteorologie)" title="Bouře (meteorologie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bouře (meteorologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%B7a%C9%A3u" title="Ʒaɣu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ʒaɣu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm" title="Storm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm" title="Sturm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sturm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tergaty_w%C4%9Bt%C5%A1" title="Tergaty wětš – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tergaty wětš" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torm" title="Torm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Torm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%8D%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Θύελλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θύελλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormenta" title="Tormenta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tormenta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctormo" title="Ŝtormo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtormo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekaitz" title="Ekaitz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekaitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طوفان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طوفان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%AAte" title="Tempête – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tempête" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoarm" title="Stoarm – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stoarm" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoirm" title="Stoirm – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stoirm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormenta" title="Tormenta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tormenta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" title="폭풍 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폭풍" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Փոթորիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոթորիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तूफ़ान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तूफ़ान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichor" title="Wichor – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wichor" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oluja" title="Oluja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oluja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagio" title="Bagio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bagio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badai" title="Badai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ve%C3%B0ur" title="Óveður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Óveður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempesta" title="Tempesta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempesta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="סופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ქარიშხალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქარიშხალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Дауыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дауыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhoruba" title="Dhoruba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dhoruba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bager" title="Bager – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bager" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Шторм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шторм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B8" title="ພາຍຸ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາຍຸ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procella" title="Procella – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Procella" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93tra" title="Vētra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vētra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audra" title="Audra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Audra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boriana" title="Boriana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Boriana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihar_(id%C5%91j%C3%A1r%C3%A1s)" title="Vihar (időjárás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vihar (időjárás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B3" title="वादळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वादळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="წალიკონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წალიკონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="تیفون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تیفون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribut" title="Ribut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ribut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Шуурга – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шуурга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiyahuatl" title="Quiyahuatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Quiyahuatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_(wind)" title="Storm (wind) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Storm (wind)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="आँधी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आँधी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B5%90" title="嵐 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="嵐" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm" title="Storm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Storm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm" title="Storm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Storm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%A8sta" title="Tempèsta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tempèsta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="ଝଡ଼ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଝଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੂਫ਼ਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੂਫ਼ਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نھیری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نھیری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztorm" title="Sztorm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztorm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempestade" title="Tempestade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tempestade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furtun%C4%83" title="Furtună – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Furtună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Буря – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буря" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Силлиэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Силлиэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuhia" title="Stuhia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stuhia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpesta_(marina)" title="Timpesta (marina) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Timpesta (marina)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94" title="කුණාටු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුණාටු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm" title="Storm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Storm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihar" title="Vihar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vihar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ڕەشەبا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەشەبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Олуја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Олуја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oluja" title="Oluja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oluja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrsky" title="Myrsky – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Myrsky" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm" title="Storm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புயல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புயல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Давыл – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Давыл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8" title="พายุ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พายุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%AF%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тӯфон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тӯфон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%83%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na" title="Fırtına – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fırtına" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asor%C9%94kye" title="Asorɔkye – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Asorɔkye" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Буря – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Буря" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="آندھی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آندھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenpestada" title="Tenpestada – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tenpestada" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A3o" title="Bão – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bão" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maru" title="Maru – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maru" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpesse" title="Timpesse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Timpesse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4" title="风暴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="风暴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cj%C3%AC" title="Ìjì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìjì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4" title="風暴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="風暴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Windstorm" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Windstorm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Windstorm (disambiguation)">Windstorm (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Storm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Storm (disambiguation)">Storm (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Weather" title="Category:Weather">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">Weather</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">Temperate and polar seasons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">Autumn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">Tropical seasons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">Dry season</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">Harmattan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">Wet season</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud" title="Cumulonimbus cloud">Cumulonimbus cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_cloud" title="Arcus cloud">Arcus cloud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downburst" title="Downburst">Downburst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Microburst">Microburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_burst" title="Heat burst">Heat burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho">Derecho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">Lightning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_lightning" title="Volcanic lightning">Volcanic lightning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">Thunderstorm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-mass_thunderstorm" title="Air-mass thunderstorm">Air-mass thunderstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundersnow" title="Thundersnow">Thundersnow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_thunderstorm" title="Dry thunderstorm">Dry thunderstorm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesocyclone" title="Mesocyclone">Mesocyclone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">Supercell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">Tornado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticyclonic_tornado" title="Anticyclonic tornado">Anticyclonic tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landspout" title="Landspout">Landspout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterspout" title="Waterspout">Waterspout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_devil" title="Dust devil">Dust devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_whirl" title="Fire whirl">Fire whirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticyclone" title="Anticyclone">Anticyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_low" title="Polar low">Polar low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_windstorm" title="European windstorm">European windstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">Nor'easter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">Atlantic hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">Typhoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">Storm surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">Dust storm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simoom" title="Simoom">Simoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haboob" title="Haboob">Haboob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">Monsoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amihan" title="Amihan">Amihan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirocco" title="Sirocco">Sirocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestorm" title="Firestorm">Firestorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_storm" title="Winter storm">Winter storm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Ice storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard" title="Blizzard">Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_blizzard" title="Ground blizzard">Ground blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_squall" title="Snow squall">Snow squall</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">Precipitation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drizzle" title="Drizzle">Drizzle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freezing_drizzle" title="Freezing drizzle">Freezing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graupel" title="Graupel">Graupel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megacryometeor" title="Megacryometeor">Megacryometeor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pellets" title="Ice pellets">Ice pellets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_dust" title="Diamond dust">Diamond dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freezing_rain" title="Freezing rain">Freezing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudburst" title="Cloudburst">Cloudburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rain_and_snow_mixed" title="Rain and snow mixed">Rain and snow mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_grains" title="Snow grains">Snow grains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_roller" title="Snow roller">Snow roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush" title="Slush">Slush</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_meteorology_articles" title="Index of meteorology articles">Topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry" title="Atmospheric chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_convection" title="Atmospheric convection">Convection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_physics" title="Atmospheric physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_river" title="Atmospheric river">River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_physics" title="Cloud physics">Physics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mist" title="Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_season" title="Fog season">Season</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave" title="Cold wave">Cold wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">Heat wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">Jet stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_weather" title="Severe weather">Severe weather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_severe_weather_phenomena" title="List of severe weather phenomena">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">Extreme</a></li> <li>Severe weather terminology <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(Canada)" title="Severe weather terminology (Canada)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(Japan)" title="Severe weather terminology (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(United_States)" title="Severe weather terminology (United States)">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_modification" title="Weather modification">Weather modification</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Glossaries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology" title="Glossary of meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change" title="Glossary of climate change">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_tornado_terms" title="Glossary of tornado terms">Tornado terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_tropical_cyclone_terms" title="Glossary of tropical cyclone terms">Tropical cyclone terms</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#ccc 1px solid; border-bottom:#ccc 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/16px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/24px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Weather" title="Portal:Weather">Weather portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weather" title="Template:Weather"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weather" title="Template talk:Weather"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weather" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weather"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> A <b>storm</b> is any disturbed state of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">natural environment</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical</a> body.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It may be marked by significant disruptions to normal conditions such as strong wind, <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder" title="Thunder">thunder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorm</a>), heavy <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Snowstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowstorm">snowstorm</a>, rainstorm), heavy <a href="/wiki/Freezing_rain" title="Freezing rain">freezing rain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">ice storm</a>), strong winds (<a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a>, windstorm), wind transporting some <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">substance</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">atmosphere</a> such as in a <a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">dust storm</a>, among other forms of <a href="/wiki/Severe_weather" title="Severe weather">severe weather</a>. </p><p>Storms have the potential to harm lives and property via <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a>, heavy rain or snow causing flooding or road impassibility, <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a>, and vertical and horizontal <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a>. Systems with significant rainfall and duration help alleviate drought in places they move through. Heavy snowfall can allow special recreational activities to take place which would not be possible otherwise, such as skiing and snowmobiling. </p><p>The English word comes from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <i>*sturmaz</i> meaning "noise, tumult".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Storms are created when a center of <a href="/wiki/Low_pressure_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Low pressure area">low pressure</a> develops with the system of <a href="/wiki/High_pressure_area" class="mw-redirect" title="High pressure area">high pressure</a> surrounding it. This combination of opposing forces can create winds and result in the formation of storm <a href="/wiki/Clouds" class="mw-redirect" title="Clouds">clouds</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud" title="Cumulonimbus cloud">cumulonimbus</a>. Small localized areas of low pressure can form from hot air rising off hot ground, resulting in smaller disturbances such as <a href="/wiki/Dust_devils" class="mw-redirect" title="Dust devils">dust devils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whirlwinds" class="mw-redirect" title="Whirlwinds">whirlwinds</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Classic_Storm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Classic_Storm.jpg/200px-Classic_Storm.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Classic_Storm.jpg/300px-Classic_Storm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Classic_Storm.jpg/400px-Classic_Storm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4164" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Classic summer storm in <a href="/wiki/Sierras_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Sierras de Córdoba">Sierras de Córdoba</a>, Argentina.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg/200px-ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg/300px-ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg/400px-ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Classic summer storm in the 19th-century Polish countryside – <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">picture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Chelmonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Jozef Chelmonski">Jozef Chelmonski</a>, 1896, 107 cm (42.1 in)x163 cm (64.1 in), <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_in_Cracow" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum in Cracow">National Museum in Cracow</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg/200px-Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg/300px-Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg/400px-Haiyan_2013-11-07_0420Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6006" data-file-height="8003" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan" title="Typhoon Haiyan">Typhoon Haiyan</a>, a massive tropical cyclone that struck the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in late <a href="/wiki/2013_Pacific_typhoon_season" title="2013 Pacific typhoon season">2013</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg/200px-Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg/300px-Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg/400px-Binger_Oklahoma_Tornado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A tornado in <a href="/wiki/Binger,_Oklahoma" title="Binger, Oklahoma">Binger, Oklahoma</a> during the <a href="/wiki/May_1981_tornado_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1981 tornado outbreak">1981 outbreak</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bwca_derecho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bwca_derecho.jpg/200px-Bwca_derecho.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bwca_derecho.jpg/300px-Bwca_derecho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bwca_derecho.jpg/400px-Bwca_derecho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="287" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Trees felled by downbursts in the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Waters_%E2%80%93_Canadian_derecho" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary Waters – Canadian derecho">Boundary Waters – Canadian derecho</a> of 1999.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg/200px-Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg/300px-Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg/400px-Miniskirts_in_snow_storm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Snow storm in New York City.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg/200px-Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg/300px-Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg/400px-Boat_in_storm_at_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">L'Ocean</div></div></div></div></div> <p>There are many varieties and names for storms: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard" title="Blizzard">Blizzard</a> –  There are varying definitions for blizzards, both over time and by location. In general, a blizzard is accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">gale</a>-force winds, heavy snow (accumulating at a rate of at least 5 centimeters (2 in) per hour), and very cold conditions (below approximately −10 degrees Celsius or 14 F). Lately, the temperature criterion has fallen out of the definition across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive_cyclogenesis" title="Explosive cyclogenesis">Bomb cyclone</a> –  A rapid deepening of a mid-latitude cyclonic low-pressure area, typically occurring over the ocean, but can occur over land. The winds experienced during these storms can be as powerful as that of a typhoon or hurricane.</li> <li>Coastal storm –  Large <a href="/wiki/Wind_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind waves">wind waves</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a> that strike the coastal zone. Their impacts include <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">coastal erosion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho">Derecho</a> –  A derecho is a widespread, long-lived, straight-line wind storm that is associated with a land-based, fast-moving group of severe thunderstorms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_devil" title="Dust devil">Dust devil</a> –  A small, localized updraft of rising air.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">Dust storm</a> –  A situation in which winds pick up large quantities of sand or soil, greatly reducing <a href="/wiki/Visibility" title="Visibility">visibility</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestorm" title="Firestorm">Firestorm</a> –  Firestorms are conflagrations which attain such intensity that they create and sustain their own wind systems. It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bush fires, forest fires, and wildfires. The <a href="/wiki/Peshtigo_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Peshtigo Fire">Peshtigo Fire</a> is one example of a firestorm. Firestorms can also be deliberate effects of targeted explosives, such as occurred as a result of the aerial <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Dresden in World War II">bombings of Dresden</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear detonations</a> generate firestorms if high winds are not present.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">Gale</a> –  An <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Extratropical storm">extratropical storm</a> with sustained winds between 34 and 48 knots (39–55 mph or 63–90 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-OPC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hailstorm</a> –  A type of storm that precipitates round chunks of ice. Hailstorms usually occur during regular thunderstorms. While most of the hail that precipitates from the clouds is fairly small and virtually harmless, there are occasional occurrences of hail greater than 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter that can cause much damage and injuries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Ice storm</a> – <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ice storms are one of the most dangerous forms of <a href="/wiki/Winter_storm" title="Winter storm">winter storms</a>. When surface temperatures are below freezing, but a thick layer of above-freezing air remains aloft, rain can fall into the freezing layer and freeze upon impact into a glaze of ice. In general, 8 millimetres (0.31 in) of accumulation is all that is required, especially in combination with breezy conditions, to start downing power lines as well as tree limbs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ice storms also make unheated road surfaces too slick to drive upon. Ice storms can vary in time range from hours to days and can cripple small towns and large metropolitan cities alike.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Microburst">Microburst</a> –  A very powerful windstorm produced during a thunderstorm that only lasts a few minutes.</li> <li>Ocean Storm or sea storm –  Storm conditions out at sea are defined as having sustained winds of 48 knots (55 mph or 90 km/h) or greater.<sup id="cite_ref-OPC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually just referred to as a storm, these systems can sink vessels of all types and sizes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%27westers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nor'westers">Nor'westers</a>  – A powerful storm coming from <a href="/wiki/Northwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest">North-western</a> direction, associated with heavy <a href="/wiki/Gust_(wind)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gust (wind)">gusts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>. Usually occurs in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern India">Eastern India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> in the late Spring and early Summer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowstorm">Snowstorm</a> –  A heavy fall of snow accumulating at a rate of more than 5 centimeters (2 in) per hour that lasts several hours. Snow storms, especially ones with a high liquid equivalent and breezy conditions, can down tree limbs, cut off power connections and paralyze travel over large regions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squall" title="Squall">Squall</a> –  Sudden onset of wind increase of at least 16 knots (30 km/h) or greater sustained for at least one minute.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">Thunderstorm</a> –  A thunderstorm is a type of storm that generates both <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunder" title="Thunder">thunder</a>. It is normally accompanied by heavy <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a>. Thunderstorms occur throughout the world, with the highest frequency in tropical <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> regions where there are conditions of high humidity and temperature along with atmospheric instability. These storms occur when high levels of condensation form in a volume of unstable air that generates deep, rapid, upward motion in the atmosphere. The heat energy creates powerful rising air currents that swirl upwards to the <a href="/wiki/Tropopause" title="Tropopause">tropopause</a>. Cool descending air currents produce strong downdraughts below the storm. After the storm has spent its energy, the rising currents die away and downdraughts break up the cloud. Individual storm clouds can measure 2–10 km across.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">Tornado</a> –  A tornado is a violent, destructive whirlwind storm occurring on land. Usually its appearance is that of a dark, funnel-shaped cloud. Often tornadoes are preceded by or associated with thunderstorms and a <a href="/wiki/Wall_cloud" title="Wall cloud">wall cloud</a>. They are often called the most destructive of storms, and while they form all over the planet, the interior of the United States is the most prone area, especially throughout <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a> –  A tropical cyclone is a storm system with a closed circulation around a centre of <a href="/wiki/Low_pressure_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Low pressure area">low pressure</a>, fueled by the heat released when moist air rises and condenses. The name underscores its origin in the tropics and their <a href="/wiki/Cyclonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclonic">cyclonic</a> nature. Tropical cyclones are distinguished from other cyclonic storms such as <a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">nor'easters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polar_low" title="Polar low">polar lows</a> by the heat mechanism that fuels them, which makes them "warm core" storm systems. Tropical cyclones form in the oceans if the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone#Formation" title="Tropical cyclone">conditions in the area are favorable</a>, and depending on their strength and location, there are various terms by which they are called, such as <i>tropical depression</i>, <i>tropical storm</i>, <i>hurricane</i> and <i>typhoon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wind storm –  A storm marked by high wind with little or no precipitation.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windstorm damage often opens the door for massive amounts of water and debris to cause further damage to a structure.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/European_windstorm" title="European windstorm">European windstorms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho">derechos</a> are two type of windstorms.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High wind is also the cause of <a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">sandstorms</a> in dry climates.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div> <p>A strict <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorological</a> definition of a terrestrial storm is a wind measuring 10 or higher on the <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_scale" title="Beaufort scale">Beaufort scale</a>, meaning a wind speed of 24.5 <a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second" title="Metre per second">m/s</a> (89 km/h, 55 mph) or more; however, popular usage is not so restrictive. Storms can last anywhere from 12 to 200 hours, depending on season and geography. In North America, the east and northeast storms are noted for the most frequent repeatability and duration, especially during the cold period. Big terrestrial storms alter the <a href="/wiki/Oceanographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanographic">oceanographic</a> conditions that in turn may affect food abundance and distribution: strong currents, strong tides, increased siltation, change in water temperatures, overturn in the water column, etc. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraterrestrial_storms">Extraterrestrial storms</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif/220px-PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif/330px-PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif/440px-PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Red_Spot" title="Great Red Spot">Great Red Spot</a> on Jupiter</figcaption></figure> <p>Storms do not only occur on Earth; other planetary bodies with a sufficient atmosphere (<a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">giant planets</a> in particular) also undergo stormy weather. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Red_Spot" title="Great Red Spot">Great Red Spot</a> on <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> provides a well-known example.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though technically an anticyclone, with greater than hurricane wind speeds, it is larger than the Earth and has persisted for at least 340 years, having first been observed by astronomer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Domenico Cassini</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> also had its own lesser-known <a href="/wiki/Great_Dark_Spot" title="Great Dark Spot">Great Dark Spot</a>. </p><p>In September 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> – using <a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Planetary_Camera_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide Field Planetary Camera 2">Wide Field Planetary Camera 2</a> – imaged storms on <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> generated by upwelling of warmer air, similar to a terrestrial thunderhead. The east–west extent of the same-year<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> storm equaled the diameter of Earth<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup>. The storm was observed earlier in September 1990 and acquired the name <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Storm_(astronomy)" title="Dragon Storm (astronomy)">Dragon Storm</a>. </p><p>The dust storms of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> vary in size, but can often cover the entire planet. They tend to occur when Mars comes closest to the Sun, and have been shown to increase the global temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One particularly large Martian storm was exhaustively studied up close due to coincidental timing. When the first <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> to successfully orbit another planet, <a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a>, arrived and successfully orbited Mars on 14 November 1971, <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary scientists</a> were surprised to find the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_body%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial body's atmosphere">atmosphere</a> was thick with a planet-wide robe of <a href="/wiki/Dust" title="Dust">dust</a>, the largest storm ever observed on Mars. The surface of the planet was totally obscured. Mariner 9's computer was reprogrammed from Earth to delay imaging of the surface for a couple of months until the dust settled, however, the surface-obscured images contributed much to the collection of Mars atmospheric and planetary surface science.<sup id="cite_ref-Pyle2012-M9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pyle2012-M9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planet">extrasolar planets</a> are known to have storms: <a href="/wiki/HD_209458_b" title="HD 209458 b">HD 209458 b</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/HD_80606_b" title="HD 80606 b">HD 80606 b</a>. The former's storm was discovered on 23 June 2010, and measured at 6,200 km/h (3,900 mph), while the latter produces winds of 17,700 km/h (11,000 mph) across the surface. The spin of the planet then creates giant swirling shock-wave storms that carry the heat aloft.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_on_human_society">Effects on human society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Storm damage" redirects here. For the British television film, see <a href="/wiki/Storm_Damage" title="Storm Damage">Storm Damage</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">Acid rain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_tropical_cyclones" title="Effects of tropical cyclones">Effects of tropical cyclones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">Lightning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">Wind</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">Wind shear</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Train_stuck_in_snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Train_stuck_in_snow.jpg/220px-Train_stuck_in_snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Train_stuck_in_snow.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>A snow blockade in southern Minnesota in 1881</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg/220px-Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg/330px-Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg/440px-Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3204" data-file-height="2528" /></a><figcaption>A return stroke, cloud-to-ground <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> strike during a <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg/220px-Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg/330px-Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg/440px-Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sunshower" title="Sunshower">sunshower</a> storm in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> at sunset.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desert_Electric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Desert_Electric.jpg/220px-Desert_Electric.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Desert_Electric.jpg/330px-Desert_Electric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Desert_Electric.jpg/440px-Desert_Electric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3887" data-file-height="2441" /></a><figcaption>A lightning strike during a desert storm at twilight</figcaption></figure> <p>Shipwrecks are common with the passage of strong tropical cyclones. Such shipwrecks can change the course of history,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as influence art and literature. A hurricane led to a victory of the Spanish over the French for control of Fort Caroline, and ultimately the Atlantic coast of North America, in 1565.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong winds from any storm type can damage or destroy vehicles, buildings, bridges, and other outside objects, turning loose debris into deadly flying projectiles. In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_scales" title="Tropical cyclone scales">major hurricanes</a> comprise just 21% of all landfalling tropical cyclones, but account for 83% of all damage.<sup id="cite_ref-faqd5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faqd5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tropical cyclones often knock out power to tens or hundreds of thousands of people, preventing vital communication and hampering rescue efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-Power_failures_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Power_failures-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tropical cyclones often destroy key bridges, overpasses, and roads, complicating efforts to transport food, clean water, and medicine to the areas that need it. Furthermore, the damage caused by tropical cyclones to buildings and dwellings can result in economic damage to a region, and to a <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> of the population of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-oxfo_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a>, or the increase in sea level due to the cyclone, is typically the worst effect from landfalling tropical cyclones, historically resulting in 90% of tropical cyclone deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-oxfo_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relatively quick surge in sea level can move miles/kilometers inland, flooding homes and cutting off escape routes. The storm surges and winds of hurricanes may be destructive to human-made structures, but they also stir up the waters of coastal estuaries, which are typically important fish breeding locales. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lightning#Cloud_to_ground_(CG)" title="Lightning">Cloud-to-ground lightning</a> frequently occurs within the phenomena of thunderstorms and have numerous hazards towards landscapes and populations. One of the more significant hazards lightning can pose is the wildfires they are capable of igniting.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2000_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under a regime of low precipitation (LP) thunderstorms, where little precipitation is present, rainfall cannot prevent fires from starting when vegetation is dry as lightning produces a concentrated amount of extreme heat.<sup id="cite_ref-ufl_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ufl-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wildfires can devastate vegetation and the biodiversity of an ecosystem. Wildfires that occur close to urban environments can inflict damages upon infrastructures, buildings, crops, and provide risks to explosions, should the flames be exposed to gas pipes. Direct damage caused by lightning strikes occurs on occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In areas with a high frequency for cloud-to-ground lightning, like Florida, lightning causes several fatalities per year, most commonly to people working outside.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Precipitation with low <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">potential of hydrogen levels</a> (pH), otherwise known as acid rain, is also a frequent risk produced by lightning. <a href="/wiki/Distilled_water" title="Distilled water">Distilled water</a>, which contains no <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, has a <a href="/wiki/Neutral_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral solution">neutral</a> <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of 7. Liquids with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are bases. "Clean" or unpolluted rain has a slightly acidic pH of about 5.2, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form <a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">carbonic acid</a>, a weak acid (pH 5.6 in distilled water), but unpolluted rain also contains other chemicals.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a> present during thunderstorm phenomena,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> caused by the splitting of nitrogen molecules, can result in the production of acid rain, if nitric oxide forms compounds with the water molecules in precipitation, thus creating acid rain. Acid rain can damage infrastructures containing calcite or other solid chemical compounds containing carbon. In ecosystems, acid rain can dissolve plant tissues of vegetations and increase acidification process in bodies of water and in <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a>, resulting in deaths of marine and terrestrial organisms.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hail damage to roofs often goes unnoticed until further structural damage is seen, such as leaks or cracks. It is hardest to recognize hail damage on shingled roofs and flat roofs, but all roofs have their own hail damage detection problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Hail_Damage_to_Roofs_from_Adjusting_Today_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hail_Damage_to_Roofs_from_Adjusting_Today-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metal roofs are fairly resistant to hail damage, but may accumulate cosmetic damage in the form of dents and damaged coatings. Hail is also a common nuisance to drivers of automobiles, severely denting the vehicle and cracking or even shattering <a href="/wiki/Windshields" class="mw-redirect" title="Windshields">windshields</a> and <a href="/wiki/Car_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Car glass">windows</a>. Rarely, massive hailstones have been known to cause <a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">concussions</a> or fatal head <a href="/wiki/Physical_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical trauma">trauma</a>. Hailstorms have been the cause of costly and deadly events throughout history. One of the earliest recorded incidents occurred around the 9th century in <a href="/wiki/Roopkund" title="Roopkund">Roopkund</a>, Uttarakhand, India.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest hailstone in terms of diameter and weight ever recorded in the United States fell on 23 July 2010, in <a href="/wiki/Vivian,_South_Dakota" title="Vivian, South Dakota">Vivian, South Dakota</a> in the United States; it measured 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter and 18.62 inches (47.3 cm) in circumference, weighing in at 1.93 pounds (0.88 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-Record_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This broke the previous record for diameter set by a hailstone 7 inches (18 cm) diameter and 18.75 inches (47.6 cm) circumference which fell in <a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Nebraska" title="Aurora, Nebraska">Aurora, Nebraska</a> in the United States on 22 June 2003, as well as the record for weight, set by a hailstone of 1.67 pounds (0.76 kg) that fell in <a href="/wiki/Coffeyville,_Kansas" title="Coffeyville, Kansas">Coffeyville, Kansas</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Record_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various hazards, ranging from hail to lightning can affect outside technology facilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antennas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite_dishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite dishes">satellite dishes</a>, and towers. As a result, companies with outside facilities have begun installing such facilities underground, to reduce the risk of damage from storms.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Substantial snowfall can disrupt public infrastructure and services, slowing human activity even in regions that are accustomed to such weather. Air and ground transport may be greatly inhibited or shut down entirely. Populations living in snow-prone areas have developed various ways to travel across the snow, such as <a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">skis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">snowshoes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">sleds</a> pulled by horses, dogs, or other animals and later, <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a>. Basic utilities such as <a href="/wiki/Electricity_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity distribution">electricity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">telephone lines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas#Uses" title="Natural gas">gas supply</a> can also fail. In addition, snow can make roads much harder to travel and vehicles attempting to use them can easily become stuck.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The combined effects can lead to a "<a href="/wiki/Weather-related_cancellation" title="Weather-related cancellation">snow day</a>" on which gatherings such as school, work, or church are officially canceled. In areas that normally have very little or no snow, a snow day may occur when there is only light accumulation or even the threat of snowfall, since those areas are unprepared to handle any amount of snow. In some areas, such as some states in the United States, schools are given a yearly quota of snow days (or "calamity days"). Once the quota is exceeded, the snow days must be made up.<sup id="cite_ref-DDN_Larsen_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDN_Larsen-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WCMH_Willis_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCMH_Willis-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WKTV_Ferris_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WKTV_Ferris-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other states, all snow days must be made up.<sup id="cite_ref-Enquirer_Wolff_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enquirer_Wolff-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, schools may extend the remaining school days later into the afternoon, shorten <a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">spring break</a>, or delay the start of <a href="/wiki/Summer_vacation" title="Summer vacation">summer vacation</a>. </p><p>Accumulated snow is <a href="/wiki/Snow_removal" title="Snow removal">removed</a> to make travel easier and safer, and to decrease the long-term effect of a heavy snowfall. This process uses <a href="/wiki/Shovel" title="Shovel">shovels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowplow" title="Snowplow">snowplows</a>, and is often assisted by sprinkling salt or other chloride-based chemicals, which reduce the melting temperature of snow.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some areas with abundant snowfall, such as <a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Prefecture" title="Yamagata Prefecture">Yamagata Prefecture</a>, Japan, people harvest snow and store it surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">insulation</a> in ice houses. This allows the snow to be used through the summer for refrigeration and air conditioning, which requires far less electricity than traditional cooling methods.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <p>Hail can cause serious damage, notably to <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, aircraft, skylights, glass-roofed structures, livestock, and most commonly, farmers' <a href="/wiki/Crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Crops">crops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolanhail_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolanhail-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheat, corn, soybeans, and tobacco are the most sensitive crops to hail damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hail is one of Canada's most expensive hazards.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snowfall can be beneficial to agriculture by serving as a <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulator</a>, conserving the heat of the Earth and protecting <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">crops</a> from subfreezing weather. Some agricultural areas depend on an accumulation of snow during winter that will melt gradually in spring, providing water for crop growth. If it melts into water and refreezes upon sensitive crops, such as oranges, the resulting ice will protect the fruit from exposure to lower temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although tropical <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a> take an enormous toll in lives and personal property, they may be important factors in the <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> regimes of places they affect and bring much-needed precipitation to otherwise dry regions. Hurricanes in the eastern north Pacific often supply moisture to the Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-2005_EPac_outlook_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2005_EPac_outlook-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan receives over half of its rainfall from typhoons.<sup id="cite_ref-Whipple_54_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whipple_54-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Camille" title="Hurricane Camille">Hurricane Camille</a> averted drought conditions and ended water deficits along much of its path,<sup id="cite_ref-Christopherson_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopherson-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it also killed 259 people and caused $9.14 billion (2005 USD) in damage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windshearaircraftnasa.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Windshearaircraftnasa.gif/220px-Windshearaircraftnasa.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Windshearaircraftnasa.gif/330px-Windshearaircraftnasa.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Windshearaircraftnasa.gif/440px-Windshearaircraftnasa.gif 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Effect of wind shear on aircraft trajectory. Merely correcting for the initial gust front can have dire consequences.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hail is one of the most significant thunderstorm hazards to aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When hail stones exceed 0.5 inches (13 mm) in diameter, planes can be seriously damaged within seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hailstones accumulating on the ground can also be hazardous to landing aircraft. Strong wind outflow from thunderstorms causes rapid changes in the three-dimensional wind velocity just above ground level. Initially, this outflow causes a headwind that increases airspeed, which normally causes a pilot to reduce engine power if they are unaware of the wind shear. As the aircraft passes into the region of the downdraft, the localized headwind diminishes, reducing the aircraft's airspeed and increasing its sink rate. Then, when the aircraft passes through the other side of the downdraft, the headwind becomes a tailwind, reducing lift generated by the wings, and leaving the aircraft in a low-power, low-speed descent. This can lead to an accident if the aircraft is too low to effect a recovery before ground contact. As the result of the accidents in the 1970s and 1980s, in 1988 the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> mandated that all commercial aircraft have <a href="/wiki/Airborne_wind_shear_detection_and_alert_system" title="Airborne wind shear detection and alert system">on-board wind shear detection systems</a> by 1993. Between 1964 and 1985, wind shear directly caused or contributed to 26 major civil transport aircraft accidents in the U.S. that led to 620 deaths and 200 injuries. Since 1995, the number of major civil aircraft accidents caused by wind shear has dropped to approximately one every ten years, due to the mandated on-board detection as well as the addition of Doppler <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">weather radar</a> units on the ground. (<a href="/wiki/NEXRAD" title="NEXRAD">NEXRAD</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation">Recreation</h3></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">winter sports</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Snowmobiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowmobiling">snowmobiling</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ISMA-stat_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISMA-stat-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">snowshoeing</a> depend upon snow. Where snow is scarce but the temperature is low enough, <a href="/wiki/Snow_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow cannon">snow cannons</a> may be used to produce an adequate amount for such sports.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children and adults can play on a <a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">sled</a> or ride in a <a href="/wiki/Sleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleigh">sleigh</a>. Although a person's footsteps remain a visible <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lifeline" class="extiw" title="wikt:lifeline">lifeline</a> within a snow-covered landscape, snow cover is considered a general danger to hiking since the snow obscures landmarks and makes the landscape itself appear uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_storms_in_art_and_culture">Notable storms in art and culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg/220px-Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg/330px-Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg/440px-Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8242" data-file-height="5640" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa" title="The Great Wave off Kanagawa">The Great Wave off Kanagawa</a></i>, an 1831 <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> print by <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_mythology_and_literature">In mythology and literature</h3></div> <p>According to the Bible, a giant storm sent by God flooded the Earth. <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and his family and the animals entered <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">the Ark</a>, and "the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened, and the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights." The flood covered even the highest mountains to a depth of more than twenty feet, and all creatures died; only Noah and those with him on the Ark were left alive. In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> is recorded to have calmed a storm on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis flood myth">Genesis flood myth</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh flood myth</a> is a deluge story in the <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeolus" title="Aeolus">Aeolus</a>, keeper of storm-winds, squalls and tempests. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Venture" title="Sea Venture">Sea Venture</a></i> was wrecked near <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> in 1609, which led to the colonization of Bermuda<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provided the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare's</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tempest (play)">The Tempest</a></i>(1611).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gates_(governor)" title="Thomas Gates (governor)">Sir Thomas Gates</a>, future governor of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, was on his way to England from <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint James Day">Saint James Day</a>, while he was between <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, a hurricane raged for nearly two days. Though one of the small vessels in the fleet sank to the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Straits">Florida Straits</a>, seven of the remaining vessels reached <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> within several days after the storm. The flagship of the fleet, known as <i>Sea Adventure</i>, disappeared and was presumed lost. A small bit of fortune befell the ship and her crew when they made landfall on Bermuda. The vessel was damaged on a surrounding <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a>, but all aboard survived for nearly a year on the island. The British colonists claimed the island and quickly settled Bermuda. In May 1610, they set forth for Jamestown, this time arriving at their destination. </p><p>The children's novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a> and illustrated by <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a>, chronicles the adventures of a young girl named <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gale" title="Dorothy Gale">Dorothy Gale</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a>, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home by a tornado. The story was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on 17 May 1900, and has since been reprinted numerous times, most often under the name <i>The Wizard of Oz</i>, and adapted for use in other media. Thanks in part to the <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">1939 MGM movie</a>, it is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture and has been widely translated. Its initial success, and the success of the popular <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">1902 Broadway musical</a> which Baum adapted from his original story, led to Baum's writing thirteen more <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">Oz books</a>. </p><p>Hollywood director <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> (8 February 1894 – 1 November 1982) survived the <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston Hurricane of 1900">Galveston Hurricane of 1900</a> as a boy. Based on that experience, he published a fictionalized account of that cyclone, titled "Southern Storm", for the May 1935 issue of <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)"><i>Esquire</i> magazine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Erik_Larson_(author)" title="Erik Larson (author)">Erik Larson</a> excerpts a passage from that article in his 2005 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Isaac%27s_Storm" title="Isaac's Storm">Isaac's Storm</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-Larson,_Erik_1999_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larson,_Erik_1999-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>I remember now that it seemed as if we were in a bowl looking up toward the level of the sea. As we stood there in the sandy street, my mother and I, I wanted to take my mother's hand and hurry her away. I felt as if the sea was going to break over the edge of the bowl and come puring down upon us.</i></dd></dl> <p>Numerous other accounts of the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 have been made in print and in film. Larson cites many of them in <i><a href="/wiki/Isaac%27s_Storm" title="Isaac's Storm">Isaac's Storm</a></i>, which centrally features that storm, as well as chronicles the creation of the Weather Bureau (which came to known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>) and that agency's fateful rivalry with the weather service in Cuba, and a number of other major storms, such as those which ravaged <a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Texas" title="Indianola, Texas">Indianola, Texas</a> in 1875 and <a href="/wiki/1886_Indianola_hurricane" title="1886 Indianola hurricane">1886</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larson,_Erik_1999_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larson,_Erik_1999-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1987">Great Storm of 1987</a> is key in an important scene near the end of <i><a href="/wiki/Possession_(Byatt_novel)" title="Possession (Byatt novel)">Possession: A Romance</a></i>, the bestselling and <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a>-winning novel by <a href="/wiki/A._S._Byatt" title="A. S. Byatt">A. S. Byatt</a>. The Great Storm of 1987 occurred on the night of 15–16 October 1987, when an unusually strong weather system caused winds to hit much of <a href="/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">southern England</a> and northern France. It was the worst storm to hit England since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1703">Great Storm of 1703</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (284 years earlier) and was responsible for the deaths of at least 22 people in England and France combined (18 in England, at least four in France).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina_in_fiction" title="Hurricane Katrina in fiction">Hurricane Katrina</a> (2005) has been featured in a number of works of fiction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_fine_art">In fine art</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3002" data-file-height="3731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>'s 1633 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Storm_on_the_Sea_of_Galilee" title="The Storm on the Sea of Galilee">The Storm on the Sea of Galilee</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Romantic seascape painters <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Ivan Aivazovsky</a> created some of the most lasting impressions of the sublime and stormy seas that are firmly imprinted on the popular mind. Turner's representations of powerful natural forces reinvented the traditional <a href="/wiki/Seascape" title="Seascape">seascape</a> during the first half of the nineteenth century. </p><p>Upon his travels to Holland, he took note of the familiar large rolling waves of the English seashore transforming into the sharper, <a href="/wiki/Choppy_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Choppy waves">choppy waves</a> of a Dutch storm. A characteristic example of Turner's dramatic seascape is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Slave_Ship" title="The Slave Ship">The Slave Ship</a></i> of 1840. Aivazovsky left several thousand turbulent canvases in which he increasingly eliminated human figures and historical background to focus on such essential elements as light, sea, and sky. His grandiose <i>Ninth Wave</i> (1850) is an ode to human daring in the face of the elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_motion_pictures">In motion pictures</h3></div> <p>The 1926 silent film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Johnstown_Flood_(1926_film)" title="The Johnstown Flood (1926 film)">The Johnstown Flood</a></i> features the <a href="/wiki/Johnstown_Flood" title="Johnstown Flood">Great Flood of 1889</a> in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The flood, caused by the catastrophic failure of the <a href="/wiki/South_Fork_Dam" title="South Fork Dam">South Fork Dam</a> after days of extremely heavy rainfall, prompted the first major <a href="/wiki/Disaster_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster relief">disaster relief</a> effort by the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a>. The Johnstown Flood was depicted in <a href="/wiki/Johnstown_Flood#In_popular_culture" title="Johnstown Flood">numerous other media</a> (both fictional and in non-fiction), as well. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>' 2000 <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">dramatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">disaster</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Storm_(film)" title="The Perfect Storm (film)">The Perfect Storm</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Petersen" title="Wolfgang Petersen">Wolfgang Petersen</a>, is an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Junger" title="Sebastian Junger">Sebastian Junger</a>'s 1997 non-fiction <a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Storm_(book)" title="The Perfect Storm (book)">book of the same title</a>. The book and film feature the crew of the <i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gail" title="Andrea Gail">Andrea Gail</a></i>, which got caught in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Perfect_Storm" title="1991 Perfect Storm">Perfect Storm of 1991</a>. The 1991 Perfect Storm, also known as the Halloween Nor'easter of 1991, was a <a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">nor'easter</a> that absorbed <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Grace_(1991)" title="Hurricane Grace (1991)">Hurricane Grace</a> and ultimately evolved into a small <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> late in its life cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_music">In music</h3></div> <p>Storms have also been portrayed in many works of music. Examples of storm music include <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Vivaldi's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)" title="The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)">Four Seasons</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Violin_concerto" title="Violin concerto">violin concerto</a> RV 315 (<i>Summer</i>) (third movement: <a href="/wiki/Tempo#Italian_tempo_markings" title="Tempo">Presto</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)">Pastoral Symphony</a></i> (the fourth movement), a scene in Act II of <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini's</a> opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a></i>, the third act of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rigoletto" title="Rigoletto">Rigoletto</a>, and the fifth (Cloudburst) movement of <a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Suite" title="Grand Canyon Suite">Grand Canyon Suite</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lightning within the cloud causes the entire blanket to illuminate."><img alt="Lightning within the cloud causes the entire blanket to illuminate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg/120px-Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg/180px-Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg/240px-Florescent_cloud_blanket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">Lightning</a> within the cloud causes the entire blanket to illuminate.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="High Desert storm approaches at sunset."><img alt="High Desert storm approaches at sunset." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg/120px-Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg/180px-Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg/240px-Burning_Cross_Sunset_in_black_rain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/High_Desert_(California)" title="High Desert (California)">High Desert</a> storm approaches at sunset.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heavy storm brought by Severe Tropical Storm Sanvu in Hong Kong."><img alt="Heavy storm brought by Severe Tropical Storm Sanvu in Hong Kong." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg/120px-Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg/180px-Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg/240px-Typhoon_in_Hong_Kong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heavy storm brought by <a href="/wiki/2005_Pacific_typhoon_season#Severe_Tropical_Storm_Sanvu_(Huaning)" title="2005 Pacific typhoon season">Severe Tropical Storm Sanvu</a> in Hong Kong.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Winter North Atlantic storm strength Beaufort 9 causing extremely high waves."><img alt="Winter North Atlantic storm strength Beaufort 9 causing extremely high waves." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png/120px-Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png/180px-Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png/240px-Wasser_%C3%BCber_Deck_und_Luken_WNA.png 2x" data-file-width="3191" data-file-height="2103" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Winter North Atlantic storm strength Beaufort 9 causing extremely high waves.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm,_Wasser_an_Deck.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Storm waves coming abeam from starboard, causing water on deck."><img alt="Storm waves coming abeam from starboard, causing water on deck." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm%2C_Wasser_an_Deck.png/80px-Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm%2C_Wasser_an_Deck.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm%2C_Wasser_an_Deck.png/120px-Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm%2C_Wasser_an_Deck.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm%2C_Wasser_an_Deck.png/160px-Winter-Nordatlantik_-_Sturm%2C_Wasser_an_Deck.png 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="3696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Storm <a href="/wiki/Wave" title="Wave">waves</a> coming <a href="/wiki/Abeam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abeam">abeam</a> from <a href="/wiki/Starboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Starboard">starboard</a>, causing water on deck.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticyclonic_storm" title="Anticyclonic storm">Anticyclonic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARkStorm" title="ARkStorm">ARkStorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">Atlantic hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">Dust storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">Extreme weather</a>, a list of historical storms and other extreme weather</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat storm">Heat storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">Nor'easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_storm" title="Perfect storm">Perfect storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_storm" title="Pulse storm">Pulse storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_storm" title="Salt storm">Salt storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splitting_storm" title="Splitting storm">Splitting storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstorm">Superstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/storm">"Storm"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Storm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fstorm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meted.ucar.edu/hazwx/topic3/fact9.htm">Winter Storms.</a> Retrieved on 26 November 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarley2017" class="citation book cs1">Harley, Mitchell (24 March 2017). 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Telegraph Group Unlimited via the Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/11/07/wind07.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/11/07/ixworld.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giant+hail+killed+more+than+200+in+Himalayas&rft.pub=Telegraph+Group+Unlimited+via+the+Internet+Wayback+Machine&rft.date=2004-11-07&rft.au=David+Orr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2004%2F11%2F07%2Fwind07.xml%26sSheet%3D%2Fnews%2F2004%2F11%2F07%2Fixworld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Record-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Record_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Record_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crh.noaa.gov/crh/pdf/073010RecordHailVivianSD.pdf">"Hailstone record press release"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsidc.org/snow/shovel.html">the original</a> on 28 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Have+Snow+Shovel%2C+Will+Travel&rft.pub=National+Snow+and+Ice+Data+Center&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Laura+Cheshire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsidc.org%2Fsnow%2Fshovel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDN_Larsen-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DDN_Larsen_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave_Larsen2009" class="citation news cs1">Dave Larsen (27 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090131071023/http://www.daytondailynews.com/n/content/oh/story/news/local/2009/01/27/ddn012709calamityweb.html">"School districts are using up calamity days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Daily_News" title="Dayton Daily News">Dayton Daily News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cox_Enterprises" title="Cox Enterprises">Cox Enterprises</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daytondailynews.com/n/content/oh/story/news/local/2009/01/27/ddn012709calamityweb.html">the original</a> on 31 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2009</span>. <q>Ohio school districts can use five calamity days before they must start adding extra days to the school calendar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dayton+Daily+News&rft.atitle=School+districts+are+using+up+calamity+days&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.au=Dave+Larsen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daytondailynews.com%2Fn%2Fcontent%2Foh%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2009%2F01%2F27%2Fddn012709calamityweb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCMH_Willis-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WCMH_Willis_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonna_Willis2009" class="citation news cs1">Donna Willis (30 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615071458/http://www.nbc4i.com/cmh/news/local/education/article/districts_consider_calamity_options/12343/">"Districts Consider Calamity Options"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WCMH-TV" title="WCMH-TV">WCMH-TV</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>: <a href="/wiki/Media_General" title="Media General">Media General</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WCMH-TV&rft.atitle=Districts+Consider+Calamity+Options&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft.au=Donna+Willis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbc4i.com%2Fcmh%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Feducation%2Farticle%2Fdistricts_consider_calamity_options%2F12343%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WKTV_Ferris-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WKTV_Ferris_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoleen_Ferris2009" class="citation news cs1">Joleen Ferris (28 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130084700/http://www.wktv.com/news/local/38543532.html">"Decision for city schools to stay open prompts calls from irate parents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WKTV" title="WKTV">WKTV</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Smith_Media" title="Smith Media">Smith Media</a>. 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Springer. p. 401. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3264-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3264-6"><bdi>978-1-4020-3264-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Climatology&rft.pages=401&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-3264-6&rft.au=John+E.+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-mwbAsxpRr0C%26pg%3DPA401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamon_P._Coppola2007" class="citation book cs1">Damon P. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wta.org/trail-news/news/winter-hiking-and-avalanche-danger">the original</a> on 14 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winter+Hiking+and+Avalanche+Danger&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft.au=Washington+Trails+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wta.org%2Ftrail-news%2Fnews%2Fwinter-hiking-and-avalanche-danger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926034027/http://www.clairehope.btinternet.co.uk/PDFs/LinebaughRediker_seaventure.pdf">The Wreck of the Sea-Venture.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David M. Roth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/va17hur.htm">Seventeenth Century Virginia Hurricanes.</a> Retrieved on 26 November 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larson,_Erik_1999-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larson,_Erik_1999_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larson,_Erik_1999_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson,_Erik1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Larson_(author)" title="Erik Larson (author)">Larson, Erik</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/book/index.html"><i>Isaac's Storm</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-609-60233-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-609-60233-0"><bdi>0-609-60233-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac%27s+Storm&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-609-60233-0&rft.au=Larson%2C+Erik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randomhouse.com%2Ffeatures%2Fisaacsstorm%2Fbook%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7044050.stm">"Lessons learned from Great Storm"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lessons+learned+from+Great+Storm&rft.date=2007-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F7044050.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907191422/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/secondary/students/1987.html">"Met Office: The Great Storm of 1987"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/secondary/students/1987.html">the original</a> on 7 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Office%3A+The+Great+Storm+of+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Feducation%2Fsecondary%2Fstudents%2F1987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s444.htm">"NOAA Meteorologist Bob Case, the Man Who Named the Perfect Storm"</a>. National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration News. 16 June 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716220940/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s444.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOAA+Meteorologist+Bob+Case%2C+the+Man+Who+Named+the+Perfect+Storm&rft.pub=National+Oceanographic+%26+Atmospheric+Administration+News&rft.date=2000-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noaanews.noaa.gov%2Fstories%2Fs444.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Storm"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Storm">"Storm" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Storm&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStorm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Storms" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Storms">Storms</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/storm" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/storm"><i>storm</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Storm" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Storm">Storm</a> at Wikiquote</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/21px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/42px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Weather" title="Portal:Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1134142/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4058271-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85128401">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tempêtes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119789492">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tempêtes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119789492">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bouře"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph173799&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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