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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mantua and the<i> Four Seasons</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mantua_and_the_Four_Seasons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Late period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catalogues_of_Vivaldi_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalogues_of_Vivaldi_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Catalogues of Vivaldi works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalogues_of_Vivaldi_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Style and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Vivaldi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 144 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AE_%E1%89%AA%E1%89%AB%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B2" title="አንቶኒዮ ቪቫልዲ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አንቶኒዮ ቪቫልዲ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="أنطونيو فيفالدي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنطونيو فيفالدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивалди – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Антонио Вивалди" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آنتونیو ویوالدی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنتونیو ویوالدی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="আন্তোনিও ভিভালদি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তোনিও ভিভালদি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивальди – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Антонио Вивальди" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Антоніа Вівальдзі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антоніа Вівальдзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%91_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Антоніё Вівальдзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Антоніё Вівальдзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивалди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антонио Вивалди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивальди – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Антонио Вивальди" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Αντόνιο Βιβάλντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντόνιο Βιβάλντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آنتونیو ویوالدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنتونیو ویوالدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Vivaldi" title="Antoni Vivaldi – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Antoni Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%98%A4_%EB%B9%84%EB%B0%9C%EB%94%94" title="안토니오 비발디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안토니오 비발디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Անտոնիո Վիվալդի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անտոնիո Վիվալդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99" title="אנטוניו ויוואלדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטוניו ויוואלדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF" title="ಆಂಟೋನಿಯೊ ವಿವಾಲ್ಡಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಂಟೋನಿಯೊ ವಿವಾಲ್ಡಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ანტონიო ვივალდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტონიო ვივალდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Лучо Вивальди – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антонио Лучо Вивальди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивальди – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антонио Вивальди" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Вивальди, Антонио – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вивальди, Антонио" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Vivaldi" title="Antonius Vivaldi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antonius Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивалди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антонио Вивалди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF" title="അന്റോണിയോ വിവാൾഡി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്റോണിയോ വിവാൾഡി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="अँतोनियो लुसियो विवाल्डी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अँतोनियो लुसियो विवाल्डी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ანტონიო ვივალდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანტონიო ვივალდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%A4%D9%8A%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89" title="انتونيو ڤيڤالدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انتونيو ڤيڤالدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивальди – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Антонио Вивальди" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="アントニオ・ヴィヴァルディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アントニオ・ヴィヴァルディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Вивальди, Антонио – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вивальди, Антонио" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Вивальди, Антонио – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вивальди, Антонио" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਆਂਤੋਨੀਓ ਵਿਵਾਲਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਂਤੋਨੀਓ ਵਿਵਾਲਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="انٹونیو وائیوالدی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انٹونیو وائیوالدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Антоніо Вівалді – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Антоніо Вівалді" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Вивальди, Антонио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вивальди, Антонио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Вивальди Антонио – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вивальди Антонио" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Lucio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Lucio Vivaldi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Antonio Lucio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoniu_Vivaldi" title="Antoniu Vivaldi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Antoniu Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86_%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ئەنتۆنیۆ ڤیڤالدی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنتۆنیۆ ڤیڤالدی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивалди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антонио Вивалди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="ஆன்டோனியோ விவால்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆன்டோனியோ விவால்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andonie_Vivaldi" title="Andonie Vivaldi – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Andonie Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="อันโตนีโอ วีวัลดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันโตนีโอ วีวัลดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антонио Вивалди – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Антонио Вивалди" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Антоніо Вівальді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антоніо Вівальді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="انتونیو ویوالدی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انتونیو ویوالدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vival%27di_Antonio" title="Vival'di Antonio – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vival'di Antonio" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E7%93%A6%E7%AC%AC" title="韋瓦第 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="韋瓦第" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Antonio Vivaldi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%AC%AC" title="安东尼奥·维瓦尔第 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="安东尼奥·维瓦尔第" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99" title="אנטאניא וויוואלדי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אנטאניא וויוואלדי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E8%8F%AF%E7%AC%AC" title="安東尼奧·韋華第 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="安東尼奧·韋華第" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontuon%C4%97jos_V%C4%97valdis" title="Ontuonėjos Vėvaldis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ontuonėjos Vėvaldis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian Baroque composer and violinist (1678–1741)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Vivaldi" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vivaldi (disambiguation)">Vivaldi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Antonio Vivaldi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivaldi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Vivaldi.jpg/220px-Vivaldi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Vivaldi.jpg/330px-Vivaldi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Vivaldi.jpg/440px-Vivaldi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1966" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Probable portrait of Vivaldi, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1723</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1678-03-04</span>)</span>4 March 1678<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 July 1741<span style="display:none">(1741-07-28)</span> (aged 63)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg/150px-Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg/225px-Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg/300px-Antonio_Vivaldi_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Antonio Lucio Vivaldi</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, <a href="/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">virtuoso</a> violinist and <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotPorterKnapp2022§_"Introduction"_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotPorterKnapp2022§_"Introduction"-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a>, Vivaldi ranks amongst the greatest <a href="/wiki/Baroque_composers" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque composers">Baroque composers</a> and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe, giving origin to many imitators and admirers. He pioneered many developments in <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orchestration</a>, violin technique and <a href="/wiki/Program_music" title="Program music">programmatic music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He consolidated the emerging <a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concerto</a> form into a widely accepted and followed idiom. </p><p>Vivaldi composed many instrumental <a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concertos</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a> and a variety of other <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instruments</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Music">sacred choral</a> works and more than <a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Antonio_Vivaldi" title="List of operas by Antonio Vivaldi">fifty operas</a>. His best-known work is a series of <a href="/wiki/Violin_concerto" title="Violin concerto">violin concertos</a> known as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)" title="The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)">The Four Seasons</a></i>. Many of his compositions were written for the all-female music ensemble of the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Ospedale_della_Piet%C3%A0" title="Ospedale della Pietà">Ospedale della Pietà</a></i></span>, a home for abandoned children. Vivaldi began studying for the priesthood at the age of 15 and was ordained at 25, but was given dispensation to no longer say public Masses due to a health problem.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. After meeting the <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles VI</a>, Vivaldi moved to Vienna, hoping for royal support. However, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and Vivaldi himself died in poverty less than a year later. </p><p>After almost two centuries of decline, Vivaldi's musical reputation underwent a revival in the early 20th century, with much scholarly research devoted to his work. Many of Vivaldi's compositions, once thought lost, have been rediscovered – some as recently as 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His music remains widely popular in the present day and is regularly played all over the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_background">Birth and background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg/300px-Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg/450px-Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg/600px-Chiesa_di_San_Giovanni_in_Bragora_-_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5519" data-file-height="3957" /></a><figcaption>The church where Vivaldi was given the supplemental baptismal rites, <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Bragora" title="San Giovanni in Bragora">San Giovanni in Bragora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castello,_Venice" title="Castello, Venice">Sestiere di Castello</a>, Venice</figcaption></figure> <p>Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born on 4 March 1678 in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, then the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot1978207_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot1978207-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was son of Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register of <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Bragora" title="San Giovanni in Bragora">San Giovanni in Bragora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199615_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199615-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was <a href="/wiki/Emergency_baptism" title="Emergency baptism">baptized immediately after his birth</a> at his home by the <a href="/wiki/Midwife" title="Midwife">midwife</a>, the reason for which has led to speculation. It was most likely done due to his poor health. There is a false rumor that an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> struck the city that day. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolneder198246_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolneder198246-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rumor may have originated from an earthquake that struck Venice on 17 April 1688.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite201311_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite201311-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Baptismal" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptismal">baptismal</a> ceremonies which had been omitted were supplied two months later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197839_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197839-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso, Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Maria, Francesco Gaetano, and Zanetta Anna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197837_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197837-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivaldi's health was problematic. One of his symptoms, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">strettezza di petto</i></span> ("tightness of the chest"), has been interpreted as a form of <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197839_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197839-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not prevent him from learning to play the violin, composing, or taking part in musical activities,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197839_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197839-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it prevented him from playing wind instruments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth">Youth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father, Giovanni Battista, was a barber before becoming a professional violinist and was one of the founders of the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia</i></span>, an association of musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197836_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197836-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught Antonio to play the violin and then toured Venice, playing the violin with his young son. Antonio was probably taught at an early age, judging by the extensive musical knowledge he had acquired by the age of 24, when he started working at the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Ospedale della Pietà</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199741_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199741-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president of the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">sovvegno</i></span> was <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Legrenzi" title="Giovanni Legrenzi">Giovanni Legrenzi</a>, an early Baroque composer and the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">maestro di cappella</i></span> at <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">St Mark's Basilica</a>. It is possible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. Vivaldi's father may have been a composer himself: in 1689, an opera titled <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">La Fedeltà sfortunata</i></span> was composed by a Giovanni Battista Rossi—the name under which Vivaldi's father had joined the Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199740_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199740-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>In 1691, at the age of thirteen, Vivaldi wrote an early liturgical work – <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laetatus_sum_(Vivaldi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laetatus sum (Vivaldi) (page does not exist)">Laetatus sum</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">RV</a> Anh 31). </p><p>In 1693, at the age of fifteen, he began studying to become a <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199616_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199616-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was ordained in 1703, aged 25, and was soon nicknamed <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">il Prete Rosso</i></span>, "The Red Priest";<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195716_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195716-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rosso" class="extiw" title="wikt:rosso">Rosso</a></i></span> is Italian for "red" and would have referred to the color of his hair, a family trait.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ospedale_della_Pietà"><span id="Ospedale_della_Piet.C3.A0"></span>Ospedale della Pietà</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ospedale della Pietà"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Venice)_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%28Venice%29_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg/300px-%28Venice%29_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%28Venice%29_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg/450px-%28Venice%29_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%28Venice%29_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg/600px-%28Venice%29_Vivaldi_plaque_on_Chiesa_della_Piet%C3%A0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7086" data-file-height="2946" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative plaque beside the Ospedale della Pietà</figcaption></figure><p>Although Vivaldi is most famous as a composer, he was regarded as an exceptional technical violinist as well. The German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Vivaldi as "the famous composer and violinist" and noted in his diary that "Vivaldi played a solo accompaniment excellently, and at the conclusion he added a free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, for it is hardly possible that anyone has ever played, or ever will play, in such a fashion."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199649_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199649-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1703, Vivaldi (24) became <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">maestro di violino</i></span> (master of violin) at an <a href="/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanage</a> called the Pio <a href="/wiki/Ospedale_della_Piet%C3%A0" title="Ospedale della Pietà">Ospedale della Pietà</a> (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice; although his talents as a violinist probably secured him the job, he soon became a successful teacher of music there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next thirty years he composed most of his major works while working at the Ospedale.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199751_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199751-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were four similar institutions in Venice; their purpose was to give shelter and education to children who were abandoned or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds provided by the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195718_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195718-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boys learned a trade and had to leave when they reached the age of fifteen. The girls received a musical education, and the most talented among them stayed and became members of the Ospedale's renowned orchestra and choir. </p><p>Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem abroad, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas and sacred vocal music for them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199777_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199777-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets and large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199778_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199778-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1704, the position of teacher of <i><a href="/wiki/Lyra_viol" title="Lyra viol">viola all'inglese</a></i> was added to his duties as violin instructor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199626_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199626-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of <i>maestro di coro</i>, which was at one time filled by Vivaldi, required a lot of time and work. He had to compose an oratorio or concerto for every feast and teach the orphans both music theory and how to play certain instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195724_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195724-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His relationship with the board of directors of the Ospedale was often strained. The board had to vote every year on whether to keep a teacher. The vote on Vivaldi was seldom unanimous and went 7 to 6 against him in 1709.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197848_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197848-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1711, after a year as a freelance musician, he was recalled by the Ospedale with a unanimous vote; clearly during his year's absence the board had realized the importance of his role.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197848_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197848-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became responsible for all of the musical activity of the institution<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199754_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199754-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he was promoted to <i>maestro de' concerti</i> (music director) in 1716<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197859_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197859-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and responsible for composing two new concertos every month.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1705, the first collection (<i>Connor Cassara</i>) of his works was published by Giuseppe Sala.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195738_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195738-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Opus_number" title="Opus number">Opus</a> 1 is a collection of 12 <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonatas</a> for two violins and <a href="/wiki/Figured_bass#Basso_continuo" title="Figured bass">basso continuo</a>, in a conventional style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199626_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199626-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1709, a second collection of 12 sonatas for violin and basso continuo appeared (Opus 2).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199631_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199631-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A real breakthrough as a composer came with his first collection of 12 concerti for one, two, and four violins with strings, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27estro_Armonico" class="mw-redirect" title="L'estro Armonico">L'estro armonico</a></i> (Opus 3), which was published in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in 1711 by <a href="/wiki/Estienne_Roger" title="Estienne Roger">Estienne Roger</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199642_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199642-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_(III)_de%27_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando (III) de' Medici">Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany</a>. The prince sponsored many musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Alessandro Scarlatti</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a>. He was a musician himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197854_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197854-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>L'estro armonico</i> was a resounding success all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by <i><a href="/wiki/La_stravaganza" title="La stravaganza">La stravaganza</a></i> (Opus 4), a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197858_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197858-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dedicated to an old violin student of Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197871_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197871-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1711, Vivaldi and his father traveled to <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, where his setting of the <a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(Vivaldi)" title="Stabat Mater (Vivaldi)">RV 621</a>) was played as part of a religious festival. The work seems to have been written in haste: the string parts are simple, the music of the first three movements is repeated in the next three, and not all the text is set. Nevertheless, perhaps in part because of the forced essentiality of the music, the work is considered to be one of his early masterpieces. </p><p>Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Ospedale paid him 2 <a href="/wiki/Sequin_(coin)" title="Sequin (coin)">sequins</a> to write two concerti a month for the orchestra and to rehearse with them at least five times when in Venice. The orphanage's records show that he was paid for 140 concerti between 1723 and 1733. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_impresario">Opera impresario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opera impresario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivaldis_first_edition_of_Juditha_triumphnas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vivaldis_first_edition_of_Juditha_triumphnas.jpg/170px-Vivaldis_first_edition_of_Juditha_triumphnas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vivaldis_first_edition_of_Juditha_triumphnas.jpg/255px-Vivaldis_first_edition_of_Juditha_triumphnas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Vivaldis_first_edition_of_Juditha_triumphnas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>First edition of <i>Juditha triumphans</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In early 18th-century Venice, opera was the most popular musical entertainment. It proved most profitable for Vivaldi. There were several theaters competing for the public's attention. Vivaldi started his career as an opera composer as a sideline: his first opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Ottone_in_villa" title="Ottone in villa">Ottone in villa</a></i> (RV 729) was performed not in Venice, but at the Garzerie Theater in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> in 1713.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199798_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199798-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Vivaldi became the <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_San_Angelo" title="Teatro San Angelo">Teatro San Angelo</a> in Venice, where his opera <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_finto_pazzo" title="Orlando finto pazzo">Orlando finto pazzo</a></i> (RV 727) was performed. The work was not to the public's taste, and it closed after a couple of weeks, being replaced with a repeat of a different work already given the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197854_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197854-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1715, he presented <i><a href="/wiki/Nerone_fatto_Cesare" title="Nerone fatto Cesare">Nerone fatto Cesare</a></i> (RV 724, now lost), with music by seven different composers, of which he was the leader. The opera contained eleven <a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">arias</a> and was a success. In the late season, Vivaldi planned to put on an opera entirely of his own creation, <i><a href="/wiki/Arsilda,_regina_di_Ponto" title="Arsilda, regina di Ponto">Arsilda, regina di Ponto</a></i> (RV 700), but the state censor blocked the performance. The main character, Arsilda, falls in love with another woman, Lisea, who is pretending to be a man.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197854_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197854-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivaldi got the censor to accept the opera the following year, and it was a resounding success. </p><p>During this period, the <i>Pietà</i> commissioned several liturgical works. The most important were two <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorios</a>. <i>Moyses Deus Pharaonis</i>, (RV 643) is now lost. The second, <i><a href="/wiki/Juditha_triumphans" title="Juditha triumphans">Juditha triumphans</a></i> (RV 644), celebrates the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corfu_(1716)" title="Siege of Corfu (1716)">victory of the Republic of Venice</a> against the Turks and the recapture of the island of <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>. Composed in 1716, it is one of his sacred masterpieces. All eleven singing parts were performed by girls of the orphanage, both the female and male roles. Many of the <a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">arias</a> include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, <a href="/wiki/Viola_d%27amore" title="Viola d'amore">violas d'amore</a>, and mandolins—that showcased the range of talents of the girls.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199652_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199652-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and produced two more operas, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27incoronazione_di_Dario" title="L'incoronazione di Dario">L'incoronazione di Dario</a></i> (RV 719) and <i>La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi</i> (RV 706). The latter was so popular that it was performed two years later, re-edited and retitled <i>Artabano re dei Parti</i> (RV 701, now lost). It was also performed in Prague in 1732. In the years that followed, Vivaldi wrote several operas that were performed all over <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_alla_moda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Teatro_alla_moda.jpg/170px-Teatro_alla_moda.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Teatro_alla_moda.jpg/255px-Teatro_alla_moda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Teatro_alla_moda.jpg/340px-Teatro_alla_moda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece of <i>Il teatro alla moda</i></figcaption></figure> <p>His progressive operatic style caused him some trouble with more conservative musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Marcello" title="Benedetto Marcello">Benedetto Marcello</a>, a magistrate and amateur musician who wrote a <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlet</a> denouncing Vivaldi and his operas. The pamphlet, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_teatro_alla_moda" title="Il teatro alla moda">Il teatro alla moda</a></i>, attacks the composer even though it does not mention him directly. The cover drawing shows a boat (the San Angelo), on the left end of which stands a little angel wearing a priest's hat and playing the violin. The Marcello family claimed ownership of the Teatro San Angelo, and a long legal battle had been fought with the management for its restitution, without success. The obscure text under the engraving mentions non-existent places and names: for example, <i>ALDIVIVA</i> is an anagram of "A. Vivaldi". </p><p>In a letter written by Vivaldi to his patron Marchese Bentivoglio, in 1737, he makes reference to his "94 operas". Only about 50 operas by Vivaldi have been discovered, and no other documentation of the remaining operas exists. Although Vivaldi could have been exaggerating, it is plausible that, in his dual role of composer and <i>impresario</i>, he might have either written or been responsible for the production of as many as 94 operas—given that his career had by then spanned almost 25 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199797_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199797-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Vivaldi certainly composed many operas in his time, he never attained the prominence of other great composers such as <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Alessandro Scarlatti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Adolph_Hasse" title="Johann Adolph Hasse">Johann Adolph Hasse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Leo" title="Leonardo Leo">Leonardo Leo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Galuppi" title="Baldassare Galuppi">Baldassare Galuppi</a>, as evidenced by his inability to keep a production running for an extended period of time in any major opera house.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mantua_and_the_Four_Seasons">Mantua and the<i> Four Seasons</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mantua and the Four Seasons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)" title="The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)">The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)</a></div> <p>In 1717 or 1718, Vivaldi was offered a prestigious new position as <i>Maestro di Cappella</i> of the court of Prince <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt">Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>, in the northwest of Italy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197864_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197864-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved there for three years and produced several operas, among them <i><a href="/wiki/Tito_Manlio" title="Tito Manlio">Tito Manlio</a></i> (RV 738). In 1721, he was in Milan, where he presented the pastoral drama <i><a href="/wiki/La_Silvia" title="La Silvia">La Silvia</a></i> (RV 734); nine arias from it survive. He visited Milan again the following year with the oratorio <i>L'adorazione delli tre re magi al bambino Gesù</i> (RV 645, now lost). In 1722 he moved to Rome, where he introduced his operas' new style. The new <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIII" title="Pope Benedict XIII">Pope Benedict XIII</a> invited Vivaldi to play for him. In 1725, Vivaldi returned to Venice, where he produced four operas in the same year. </p><p>During this period, Vivaldi wrote the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)" title="The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)">Four Seasons</a></i>, four violin concertos that give musical expression to the seasons of the year. The composition is probably one of his most famous. Although three of the concerti are wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia in the first act of Vivaldi's contemporaneous opera <i>Il Giustino</i>. The inspiration for the concertos was probably the countryside around Mantua. They were a revolution in musical conception: in them, Vivaldi represented flowing streams, singing birds (of different species, each specifically characterized), barking dogs, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, drunken dancers, silent nights, hunting parties from both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires. Each concerto is associated with a <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnet</a>, possibly by Vivaldi, describing the scenes depicted in the music. They were published as the first four concertos in a collection of twelve, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_cimento_dell%27armonia_e_dell%27inventione" title="Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione">Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione</a></i>, Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by <a href="/wiki/Michel-Charles_Le_C%C3%A8ne" title="Michel-Charles Le Cène">Michel-Charles Le Cène</a> in 1725. </p><p>During his time in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted with an aspiring young singer <a href="/wiki/Anna_Gir%C3%B2" title="Anna Girò">Anna Tessieri Girò</a>, who would become his student, protégée, and favorite <i><a href="/wiki/Prima_donna" title="Prima donna">prima donna</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197866_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197866-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anna, along with her older half-sister Paolina, moved in with Vivaldi and regularly accompanied him on his many travels. There was speculation as to the nature of Vivaldi's and Girò's relationship, but no evidence exists to indicate anything beyond friendship and professional collaboration. Vivaldi, in fact, adamantly denied any romantic relationship with Girò in a letter to his patron Bentivoglio, dated 16 November 1737.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197867_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197867-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_period">Late period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vivaldi collaborated with choreographer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gallo_(choreographer)" title="Giovanni Gallo (choreographer)">Giovanni Gallo</a> on several of his later operas stage in Venice with Gallo choreographing the ballets found within those works.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the height of his career, he received commissions from European nobility and royalty, some of which were: </p> <ul><li>The <i>serenata</i> (cantata) <i>Gloria e Imeneo</i> (RV 687), which was commissioned in 1725 by the French <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a> to Venice in celebration of the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a>, when Vivaldi was 48 years old.</li> <li>The <i>serenata</i>, <i>La Sena festeggiante</i> (RV 694), written in 1726 and also premiered at the French embassy, to celebrate the birth of the French royal princesses, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Henriette_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Henriette of France">Henriette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Élisabeth of France">Louise Élisabeth</a>.</li> <li>Vivaldi's Opus 9, <i><a href="/wiki/La_cetra_(Vivaldi)" title="La cetra (Vivaldi)">La cetra</a></i>, which was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a>. In 1728, Vivaldi met the emperor while the emperor was visiting <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> to oversee the construction of a new port. Charles VI admired the music of the Red Priest so much that he is said to have spoken more with the composer during their one meeting than he spoke to his ministers in more than two years. He gave Vivaldi the title of <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a>, a gold medal and an invitation to Vienna. Vivaldi gave Charles a manuscript copy of <i>La cetra</i>, a set of concerti almost completely different from the set of the same title published as Opus 9. The printing was probably delayed, forcing Vivaldi to gather an improvised collection for the emperor.</li> <li>His opera <i><a href="/wiki/Farnace" title="Farnace">Farnace</a></i> (RV 711) was presented in 1730;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it garnered six revivals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his later operas were created in collaboration with two of Italy's major writers of the time. Accompanied by his father, Vivaldi traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Olimpiade" title="L'Olimpiade">L'Olimpiade</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Catone_in_Utica" title="Catone in Utica">Catone in Utica</a></i> were written by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Metastasio" title="Pietro Metastasio">Pietro Metastasio</a>, the major representative of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Arcadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Arcadia">Arcadian</a> movement and court poet in Vienna. <i><a href="/wiki/Griselda_(Vivaldi)" title="Griselda (Vivaldi)">La Griselda</a></i> was rewritten by the young <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a> from an earlier libretto by <a href="/wiki/Apostolo_Zeno" title="Apostolo Zeno">Apostolo Zeno</a>.</li></ul> <p>Like many composers of the time, Vivaldi faced financial difficulties in his later years. His compositions were no longer held in such high esteem as they had once been in Venice; changing musical tastes quickly made them outmoded. In response, Vivaldi chose to sell off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance his migration to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982179_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982179-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reasons for Vivaldi's departure from Venice are unclear, but it seems likely that, after the success of his meeting with Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a>, he wished to take up the position of a composer in the imperial court. On his way to Vienna, Vivaldi might have stopped in Graz to see Anna Girò.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982180_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982180-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivaldi_caricature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vivaldi_caricature.png/180px-Vivaldi_caricature.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vivaldi_caricature.png/270px-Vivaldi_caricature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vivaldi_caricature.png/360px-Vivaldi_caricature.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">Caricature</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pier_Leone_Ghezzi" title="Pier Leone Ghezzi">P. L. Ghezzi</a>, Rome (1723)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg/220px-Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg/330px-Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg/440px-Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0046_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Historic view of the Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery and chapel, where Vivaldi's tomb used to be. They stood next to St. Charles Church until 1807.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg/220px-Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg/330px-Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg/440px-Tafel_Vivaldi_Grabstaette_TU_Wien_DSC_6740w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3111" /></a><figcaption>Memorial plaque to Vivaldi's tomb at the main building of the Technical University, dedicated in 1978 by the <a href="/wiki/Creditanstalt" title="Creditanstalt">Creditanstalt</a>-Bankverein</figcaption></figure> <p>Vivaldi probably moved to Vienna to stage operas, especially as he took up residence near the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rntnertortheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Kärntnertortheater">Kärntnertortheater</a>. Shortly after his arrival in Vienna, Charles VI died, which left the composer without any imperial patronage or a steady source of income. Soon afterwards, Vivaldi became impoverished<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195753_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195753-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, during the night of 27/28 July 1741, aged 63,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he died of "internal <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a>", in a house owned by the widow of a Viennese saddlemaker. </p><p>On 28 July, Vivaldi's funeral took place at <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Cathedral,_Vienna" title="St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna">St. Stephen's Cathedral</a>. Contrary to popular legend, the young <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a> who was in the cathedral choir at the time had nothing to do with his burial, since no music was performed on that occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The funeral was attended by six <a href="/wiki/Pall-bearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall-bearer">pall-bearers</a> and six choir boys (<i>Kuttenbuben</i>), at a "mean" cost of 19 <a href="/wiki/Florin#History" title="Florin">florins</a> and 45 <a href="/wiki/Kreuzer" title="Kreuzer">kreuzer</a>. Only a <i>Kleingeläut</i> (small peal of bells), the lowest class, was provided, at a cost of 2 <a href="/wiki/Florins" class="mw-redirect" title="Florins">florins</a> and 36 <a href="/wiki/Kreuzer" title="Kreuzer">kreuzer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivaldi was buried in a simple grave in a burial ground that was owned by the public hospital fund – the Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery, next to <a href="/wiki/Karlskirche" title="Karlskirche">St Charles Church</a>, a baroque church in an area that is now part of the site of the <a href="/wiki/TU_Wien" title="TU Wien">TU Wien</a> university.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cemetery existed until 1807. The house where he lived in Vienna has since been destroyed; the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Sacher" title="Hotel Sacher">Hotel Sacher</a> is built on part of the site. Memorial plaques have been placed at both locations, as well as a Vivaldi "star" in the Viennese Musikmeile and a monument at the Rooseveltplatz. </p><p>Only two, possibly three, original portraits of Vivaldi are known to survive: an engraving, an ink sketch and an oil painting. The engraving, which was the basis of several copies produced later by other artists, was made in 1725 by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Morellon_de_La_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="François Morellon de La Cave">François Morellon de La Cave</a> for the first edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Il_cimento_dell%27armonia_e_dell%27inventione" title="Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione">Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione</a></i>, and shows Vivaldi holding a sheet of music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2011147–148_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2011147–148-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ink sketch, a <a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">caricature</a>, was done by <a href="/wiki/Pier_Leone_Ghezzi" title="Pier Leone Ghezzi">Ghezzi</a> in 1723 and shows Vivaldi's head and shoulders in profile. It exists in two versions: a first jotting kept at the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a>, and a much lesser-known, slightly more detailed copy recently discovered in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot201187_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot201187-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oil painting, which can be seen in the <a href="/wiki/International_Museum_and_Library_of_Music_of_Bologna" class="mw-redirect" title="International Museum and Library of Music of Bologna">International Museum and Library of Music of Bologna</a>, is by an anonymous artist and is thought to depict Vivaldi due to its strong resemblance to the La Cave engraving.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2011148_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2011148-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his lifetime, Vivaldi was popular in many countries throughout Europe, including France, but after his death his popularity dwindled. After the end of the Baroque period, Vivaldi's published concerti became relatively unknown, and were largely ignored. Even his most famous work, <i>The Four Seasons</i>, was unknown in its original edition during the <a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a> periods. Vivaldi's work was rediscovered in the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Antonio_Vivaldi" title="List of compositions by Antonio Vivaldi">List of compositions by Antonio Vivaldi</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Antonio_Vivaldi" title="List of operas by Antonio Vivaldi">List of operas by Antonio Vivaldi</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivaldi_-_Four_Seasons_1_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.oga" title="File:Vivaldi - Four Seasons 1 Spring mvt 1 Allegro - John Harrison violin.oga">"La primavera" (Spring) – Movement 1: Allegro from the <i>Four Seasons</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="216" data-mwtitle="Vivaldi_-_Four_Seasons_1_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Vivaldi_-_Four_Seasons_1_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Vivaldi_-_Four_Seasons_1_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.oga/Vivaldi_-_Four_Seasons_1_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A 2000 live performance by <a href="/wiki/Wichita_State_University" title="Wichita State University">Wichita State University</a> Chamber Players.</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>A composition by Vivaldi is identified by <a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">RV number</a>, which refers to its place in the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a catalog created in the 20th century by the musicologist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ryom" title="Peter Ryom">Peter Ryom</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)" title="The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)"><i>Le quattro stagioni</i> (The Four Seasons)</a> of 1723 is his most famous work. The first four of the 12 concertos, titled <i><a href="/wiki/Il_cimento_dell%27armonia_e_dell%27inventione" title="Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione">Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione</a></i> ("The Contest between Harmony and Invention"), they depict moods and scenes from each of the four seasons. This work has been described as an outstanding example of pre-19th-century <a href="/wiki/Program_music" title="Program music">program music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivaldi's other notable sets of 12 violin concertos include <i><a href="/wiki/La_stravaganza" title="La stravaganza">La stravaganza</a></i> (The Eccentricity), <i><a href="/wiki/L%27estro_armonico" title="L'estro armonico">L'estro armonico</a></i> (The Harmonic Inspiration) and <i><a href="/wiki/La_cetra_(Vivaldi)" title="La cetra (Vivaldi)">La cetra</a></i> (The Lyre). </p><p>Vivaldi wrote more than 500 concertos. About 350 of these are for solo instrument and strings, of which 230 are for violin; the others are for <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_d%27amore" title="Viola d'amore">viola d'amore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>. About forty concertos are for two instruments and strings, and about thirty are for three or more instruments and strings. </p><p>As well as about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed a large body of sacred choral music, such as the <a href="/wiki/Gloria_(Vivaldi)" title="Gloria (Vivaldi)">Gloria</a>, RV 589; <a href="/wiki/Nisi_Dominus_(Vivaldi)" title="Nisi Dominus (Vivaldi)">Nisi Dominus</a>, RV 608; <a href="/wiki/Magnificat_(Vivaldi)" title="Magnificat (Vivaldi)">Magnificat</a>, RV 610 and <a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(Vivaldi)" title="Stabat Mater (Vivaldi)">Stabat Mater</a>, RV 621. Gloria, RV 589 remains one of Vivaldi's more popular sacred works. Other works include <a href="/wiki/Sinfonia" title="Sinfonia">sinfonias</a>, about 90 <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonatas</a> and chamber music. </p><p>Some sonatas for flute, published as <i>Il Pastor Fido</i>, have been erroneously attributed to Vivaldi, but were composed by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Ch%C3%A9deville" title="Nicolas Chédeville">Nicolas Chédeville</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalogues_of_Vivaldi_works">Catalogues of Vivaldi works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Catalogues of Vivaldi works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">Ryom-Verzeichnis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG/220px-All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG/330px-All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG/440px-All%C3%A9e_Vivaldi_-_plaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="1294" /></a><figcaption>Allée Vivaldi in Paris, named after Antonio Vivaldi</figcaption></figure> <p>Vivaldi's works attracted cataloging efforts befitting a major composer. Scholarly work intended to increase the accuracy and variety of Vivaldi performances also supported new discoveries that made old catalogs incomplete. Works still in circulation today might be numbered under several different systems (some earlier catalogs are mentioned <a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">here</a>). </p><p>Because the simply consecutive Complete Edition (CE) numbers did not reflect the individual works (Opus numbers) into which compositions were grouped, numbers assigned by Antonio Fanna were often used in conjunction with CE numbers. Combined Complete Edition (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common in the work of Italian groups driving the mid-20th-century revival of Vivaldi, such as Gli Accademici di Milano under Piero Santi. For example, the Bassoon Concerto in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, "La Notte", RV 501, became CE 12, F. VIII,1 </p><p>Despite the awkwardness of having to overlay Fanna numbers onto the Complete Edition number for meaningful grouping of Vivaldi's oeuvre, these numbers displaced the older <a href="/wiki/Marc_Pincherle" title="Marc Pincherle">Pincherle</a> numbers as the (re-) discovery of more manuscripts had rendered older catalogs obsolete. </p><p>This cataloging work was led by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, where <a href="/wiki/Gian_Francesco_Malipiero" title="Gian Francesco Malipiero">Gian Francesco Malipiero</a> was both the director and the editor of the published scores (Edizioni G. Ricordi). His work built on that of Antonio Fanna, a Venetian businessman and the institute's founder, and thus formed a bridge to the scholarly catalog dominant today. </p><p>Compositions by Vivaldi are identified today by <a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">RV number</a>, the number assigned by Danish musicologist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ryom" title="Peter Ryom">Peter Ryom</a> in works published mostly in the 1970s, such as the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi". Like the Complete Edition before it, the RV does not typically assign its single, consecutive numbers to "adjacent" works that occupy one of the composer's single opus numbers. Its goal as a modern catalog is to index the manuscripts and sources that establish the existence and nature of all known works.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_and_influence">Style and influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Style and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German scholar <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kolneder" title="Walter Kolneder">Walter Kolneder</a> has discerned the influence of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Legrenzi" title="Giovanni Legrenzi">Legrenzi's style</a> in Vivaldi's early liturgical work <i>Laetatus sum</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">RV</a> Anh 31), written in 1691 at the age of thirteen. </p><p>Vivaldi was also influenced by the Composer <a href="/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Arcangelo Corelli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arcangelo_Corelli_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arcangelo_Corelli-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in his <i><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion" title="St Matthew Passion">St Matthew Passion</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Bach_cantata" title="Bach cantata">cantatas</a>). Bach transcribed six of Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, a further three for organ, and one for four harpsichords, strings, and basso continuo (BWV 1065) based upon the concerto for four violins, two violas, cello, and basso continuo (<a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">RV</a> 580).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffEmery2001_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffEmery2001-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg/220px-Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg/330px-Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg/440px-Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Antonio Vivaldi (engraving by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Morellon_de_La_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="François Morellon de La Cave">François Morellon de La Cave</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Michel-Charles_Le_C%C3%A8ne" title="Michel-Charles Le Cène">Michel-Charles Le Cène</a>'s edition of Vivaldi's Op. 8, 1725)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz,_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz%2C_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG/220px-Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz%2C_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz%2C_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG/330px-Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz%2C_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz%2C_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG/440px-Wien_-_Rooseveltplatz%2C_Vivaldidenkmal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Antonio Vivaldi monument at Rooseveltplatz in Vienna, Austria</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kreisler" title="Fritz Kreisler">Fritz Kreisler</a>'s Concerto in C, in the Style of Vivaldi (which he passed off as an original Vivaldi work) helped revive Vivaldi's reputation. Kreisler's concerto in C spurred the French scholar <a href="/wiki/Marc_Pincherle" title="Marc Pincherle">Marc Pincherle</a> to begin an academic study of Vivaldi's oeuvre. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, and were acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Turin_National_University_Library" title="Turin National University Library">Turin National University Library</a> as a result of the generous sponsorship of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa and Filippo Giordano, in memory of their sons. This led to a renewed interest in Vivaldi by, among others, Mario Rinaldi, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Casella" title="Alfredo Casella">Alfredo Casella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olga_Rudge" title="Olga Rudge">Olga Rudge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Chute" title="Desmond Chute">Desmond Chute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schering" title="Arnold Schering">Arnold Schering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kaufman" title="Louis Kaufman">Louis Kaufman</a>, all of whom were instrumental in the revival of Vivaldi throughout the 20th century. </p><p>In 1926, in a monastery in <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, researchers discovered fourteen bound volumes of Vivaldi's work (later discovered to be fifteen) that were previously thought to have been lost during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. Some missing tomes in the numbered set were discovered in the collections of the descendants of the Grand Duke Durazzo, who had acquired the monastery complex in the 18th century. The volumes contained 300 concertos, 19 operas and over 100 vocal-instrumental works.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th century greatly benefited from the noted efforts of <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Casella" title="Alfredo Casella">Alfredo Casella</a>, who in 1939 organized the historic Vivaldi Week, in which the rediscovered <a href="/wiki/Gloria_(Vivaldi)" title="Gloria (Vivaldi)">Gloria</a> (RV 589) and l'Olimpiade were revived. Since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. <a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">Historically informed performances</a>, often on "original instruments", have increased Vivaldi's fame still further. </p><p>Recent rediscoveries of works by Vivaldi include two <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalm</a> settings: <a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">Psalm 127</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nisi_Dominus_(Vivaldi)" title="Nisi Dominus (Vivaldi)"><i>Nisi Dominus</i> RV 803</a> (in eight movements); and <a href="/wiki/Psalm_110" title="Psalm 110">Psalm 110</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dixit_Dominus_(Vivaldi)" title="Dixit Dominus (Vivaldi)"><i>Dixit Dominus</i> RV 807</a> (in eleven movements). These were identified in 2003 and 2005, respectively, by the Australian scholar Janice Stockigt. The Vivaldi scholar <a href="/wiki/Michael_Talbot_(musicologist)" title="Michael Talbot (musicologist)">Michael Talbot</a> described RV 807 as "arguably the best nonoperatic work from Vivaldi's pen to come to light since ... the 1920s".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2002, musicologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steffen_Voss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steffen Voss (page does not exist)">Steffen Voss</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffen_Voss" class="extiw" title="de:Steffen Voss">de</a>]</span> discovered 70% of the music for the opera <a href="/wiki/Motezuma" title="Motezuma">Motezuma</a> (RV 723) in the <a href="/wiki/Sing-Akademie_zu_Berlin" title="Sing-Akademie zu Berlin">Sing-Akademie zu Berlin</a> archives. Long thought lost, it was described by Dutch musicologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kees_Vlaardingerbroek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kees Vlaardingerbroek (page does not exist)">Kees Vlaardingerbroek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees_Vlaardingerbroek" class="extiw" title="nl:Kees Vlaardingerbroek">nl</a>]</span> as "the most important Vivaldi discovery in 75 years."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the earliest operas to have been set in the Americas, versions of it were staged in Düsseldorf in 2005 and Long Beach in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Apthorp_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apthorp-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ng_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ng-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivaldi's 1730 opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Argippo" title="Argippo">Argippo</a></i> (RV 697), which had also been considered lost, was rediscovered in 2006 by the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichordist" title="Harpsichordist">harpsichordist</a> and conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work at <a href="/wiki/Prague_Castle" title="Prague Castle">Prague Castle</a> on 3 May 2008—its first performance since 1730. </p><p>Modern depictions of Vivaldi's life include a 2005 <a href="/wiki/Radio_play" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio play">radio play</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">Radio National</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Sean_Riley_(playwright)" title="Sean Riley (playwright)">Sean Riley</a>. Entitled <i>The Angel and the Red Priest</i>, the play was later adapted for the stage and performed at the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Festival_of_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide Festival of the Arts">Adelaide Festival of the Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Films about Vivaldi include: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Venice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Venice (page does not exist)">Red Venice</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouge_Venise" class="extiw" title="fr:Rouge Venise">fr</a>]</span></i> (1989), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_P%C3%A9rier_(director)" title="Étienne Périer (director)">Étienne Périer</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi,_a_Prince_in_Venice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Vivaldi, a Prince in Venice (page does not exist)">Antonio Vivaldi, a Prince in Venice</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi,_un_prince_%C3%A0_Venise" class="extiw" title="fr:Antonio Vivaldi, un prince à Venise">fr</a>]</span></i> (2006), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Louis_Guillermou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Louis Guillermou (page does not exist)">Jean-Louis Guillermou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Guillermou" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Louis Guillermou">fr</a>]</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi,_the_Red_Priest" title="Vivaldi, the Red Priest">Vivaldi, the Red Priest</a></i> (2009), an Italian film created and directed by Liana Marabini, and loosely based on Vivaldi's life as both priest and composer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="#CITEREFTalbot2011">Talbot 2011</a>, p. 148: "An anonymous portrait in oils in the <a href="/wiki/International_Museum_and_Library_of_Music_of_Bologna" class="mw-redirect" title="International Museum and Library of Music of Bologna">Museo Internazionale e Biblioteca della Musica di Bologna</a> is generally believed to be of Vivaldi and may be linked to the <a href="/wiki/File:Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg" title="File:Vivaldi La Cave.jpg">Morellon La Cave engraving</a>, which appears to be a modified mirror reflection of it."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">viv-<span style="font-size:90%">AL</span>-dee</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">viv-<span style="font-size:90%">AHL</span>-dee, viv-<span style="font-size:90%">AWL</span>-dee</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA-label">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[anˈtɔːnjo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈluːtʃo<span class="wrap"> </span>viˈvaldi]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9a\/It-Antonio_Vivaldi.ogg\/It-Antonio_Vivaldi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Antonio Vivaldi.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/It-Antonio_Vivaldi.ogg/It-Antonio_Vivaldi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Antonio_Vivaldi.ogg" title="File:It-Antonio Vivaldi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: <i lang="vec">Antonio Łucio Vivaldi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vec-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">[aŋˈtɔnjo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɰutʃo<span class="wrap"> </span>viˈvaldi]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1704, a year after his ordination, he was given a dispensation from celebrating <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a>, most likely because of his ill health. Vivaldi said Mass as a priest only a few times, and appeared to have withdrawn from liturgical duties, though he remained a member of the priesthood. It is thought<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2021)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> that this is also due to his habit of composing while celebrating Mass. That he remained committed to his vocation is suggested by the entry in the Vienna death records for him that reads, "Antonio Vivaldi, Secular Priest".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller1997_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller1997-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vivaldi's connections with musical life in Prague and his association with <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Denzio" title="Antonio Denzio">Antonio Denzio</a>, the impresario of the <a href="/wiki/Franz_Anton_von_Sporck" title="Franz Anton von Sporck">Sporck theater in Prague</a> are detailed in Daniel E. Freeman, <i>The Opera Theater of Count Franz Anton von Sporck in Prague</i> (Stuyvesant, N.Y.: Pendragon Press, 1992).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are only three known surviving depictions of Vivaldi made in his lifetime: this caricature, a woodcut by la Cave, and an anonymous oil portrait of the composer and his violin. <i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2019)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> has disputed the authenticity of the last portrait.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landon supplies this assertion and furthermore quotes the report of Vivaldi's death which reached Venice in the <i>Commemorali Gradenigo</i>: "Abbe Lord Antonio Vivaldi, incomparable virtuoso of the violin, known as the Red Priest, much esteemed for his compositions and concertos, who earned more than 50,000 ducats in his life, but his disorderly prodigality caused him to die a pauper in Vienna."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon1996166_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon1996166-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talbot (p. 69) gives the 27th as the day of death. <a href="#CITEREFFormichetti2006">Formichetti 2006</a>, p. 194 reports that he died during the night and his death was the first registered on the next day. <a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 263 states: "The composer's death is noted in the official coroner's report and in the burial account book of St. Stephen's Cathedral Parish as having occurred on 28 July 1741". But the so-called <i>Totenbeschauprotokoll</i> is not a reliable source, since the date can refer to when the entry was made, not to the actual time of death.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These several numbering systems are cross-referenced at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classical.net/music/composer/works/vivaldi/index.php">classical.net</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1">Wells, John C. (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2011" class="citation book cs1">Roach, Peter (2011). <i>Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</i> (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15253-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15253-2"><bdi>978-0-521-15253-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15253-2&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516194131/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Vivaldi,_Antonio">"Vivaldi, Antonio"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105093719/https://www.lexico.com/definition/vivaldi,_antonio">"Vivaldi, Antonio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Vivaldi,+Antonio">the original</a> on 5 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vivaldi%2C+Antonio&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FVivaldi%2C%2BAntonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotPorterKnapp2022§_"Introduction"-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotPorterKnapp2022§_"Introduction"_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbotPorterKnapp2022">Talbot, Porter & Knapp 2022</a>, § "Introduction".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbotLockey2020_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbotLockey2020">Talbot & Lockey 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleteia.org/2018/11/09/the-italian-composer-vivaldi-was-also-a-catholic-priest/">"The Italian composer Vivaldi was also a Catholic priest"</a>. 9 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Italian+composer+Vivaldi+was+also+a+Catholic+priest&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2018%2F11%2F09%2Fthe-italian-composer-vivaldi-was-also-a-catholic-priest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaramucciaensemble.com/en/new-discoveries-of-vivaldi/">New Discoveries of Vivaldi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scaramuccia_(music_ensemble)" title="Scaramuccia (music ensemble)">Scaramuccia Ensemble</a>. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot1978207-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot1978207_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199615-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199615_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolneder198246-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolneder198246_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolneder1982">Kolneder 1982</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite201311-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite201311_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite2013">White 2013</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197839-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197839_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197839_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197839_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197837-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197837_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197836-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197836_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199741-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199741_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199740-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199740_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199616-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199616_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195716-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195716_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPincherle1957">Pincherle 1957</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller1997-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller1997_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199649-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199649_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Travelling in Italy, he noted in his diary, on the occasion of an opera performance in the Teatro Sant' Angelo in the spring of 1715: ... <i>towards the end, Vivaldi played an accompagnement solo, ... which quite shocked me, ... because his fingers came only within a straw’s breadth of the bridge, so that there was no space for the bow, and this on all 4 strings with fugues and a velocity which is unbelievable, he astonished everyone with it</i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wiener-urtext.com/en/antonio-vivaldi">https://wiener-urtext.com/en/antonio-vivaldi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199751-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199751_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195718-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195718_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPincherle1957">Pincherle 1957</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199777-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199777_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199778-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199778_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199626-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199626_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199626_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195724-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195724_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPincherle1957">Pincherle 1957</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197848-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197848_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197848_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199754-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199754_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197859-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197859_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1961" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Gervase (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sonatica.fm/blog/item/17-famous-composers-antonio-vivaldi">"Famous Composers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sonatica.fm">the original</a> on 1 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>in 1716 maestro de' concerti with the responsibility of composing two new concertos each month.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Composers&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Gervase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsonatica.fm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195738-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195738_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPincherle1957">Pincherle 1957</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199631-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199631_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199642-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199642_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197854-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197854_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197854_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197854_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197858-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197858_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197871-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197871_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199798-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199798_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon199652-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon199652_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller199797-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller199797_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller1997114_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller1997">Heller 1997</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197864-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197864_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197866-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197866_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot197867-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot197867_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot1978">Talbot 1978</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrene_Alm2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Irene Alm (2002). "Gallo [Galli, Galletto], Giovanni". <i>Grove Music Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.O006334">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O006334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gallo+%5BGalli%2C+Galletto%5D%2C+Giovanni&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.O006334&rft.au=Irene+Alm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982179-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982179_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolneder1982">Kolneder 1982</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982180-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolneder1982180_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolneder1982">Kolneder 1982</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon1996166-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon1996166_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1996">Landon 1996</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincherle195753-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincherle195753_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPincherle1957">Pincherle 1957</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenz2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lorenz_(musicologist)" title="Michael Lorenz (musicologist)">Lorenz, Michael</a> (9 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelorenz.blogspot.com/2014/06/haydn-singing-at-vivaldis-exequies.html">"Haydn Singing at Vivaldi's Exequies: An Ineradicable Myth"</a>. <i>michaelorenz.blogspot.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=michaelorenz.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Haydn+Singing+at+Vivaldi%27s+Exequies%3A+An+Ineradicable+Myth&rft.date=2014-06-09&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmichaelorenz.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fhaydn-singing-at-vivaldis-exequies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendall1979" class="citation book cs1">Kendall, Alan (1979). <i>Vivaldi</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Panther_Books" title="Panther Books">Panther Books</a>. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0586050655" title="Special:BookSources/0586050655"><bdi>0586050655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivaldi&rft.place=London&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Panther+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0586050655&rft.aulast=Kendall&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.konzert-wien.info/karlskirche-wien.html">"Die Karlskirche Wien"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Karlskirche+Wien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.konzert-wien.info%2Fkarlskirche-wien.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2011147–148-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2011147–148_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot2011">Talbot 2011</a>, pp. 147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot201187-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot201187_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot2011">Talbot 2011</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot2011148-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot2011148_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot2011">Talbot 2011</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerard Schwarz, <i>Musically Speaking – The Great Works Collection: Vivaldi</i> (CVP, Inc., 1995), 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arcangelo_Corelli-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arcangelo_Corelli_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Corelli, Arcangelo"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Corelli,_Arcangelo">"Corelli, Arcangelo" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corelli%2C+Arcangelo&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=143&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffEmery2001-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffEmery2001_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolffEmery2001">Wolff & Emery 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Vivaldi biography by Alexander Kuznetsov and Louise Thomas, a booklet attached to the CD "The best of Vivaldi", published and recorded by Madacy Entertainment Group Inc, St. Laurent Quebec Canada</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Talbot, liner notes to the CD <i>Vivaldi: Dixit Dominus</i>, Körnerscher Sing-Verein Dresden (Dresdner Instrumental-Concert), Peter Kopp, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a> 2006, catalogue number 4776145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiding2005" class="citation news cs1">Riding, Alan (13 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/13/arts/music/lost-vivaldi-opera-finally-gets-its-music-and-words-together.html">"Lost Vivaldi Opera Finally Gets Its Music and Words Together"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lost+Vivaldi+Opera+Finally+Gets+Its+Music+and+Words+Together&rft.date=2005-06-13&rft.aulast=Riding&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F06%2F13%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Flost-vivaldi-opera-finally-gets-its-music-and-words-together.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apthorp-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apthorp_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apthorp, Shirley (22 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000100&sid=aok_7SwBB5eQ&refer=germany">"Vivaldi's <i>Motezuma</i> Has Dusseldorf Premiere After Court Win"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. Retrieved 14 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ng-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ng_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ng, David (March 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-mar-22-ca-motezuma22-story.html">"Vivaldi's 'Motezuma,' lost, found, restored, re-imagined"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/airplay/stories/2011/3244574.htm">"Angel and the Red Priest by Sean Riley"</a>. <i>Airplay</i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">Radio National</a>. 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airplay&rft.atitle=Angel+and+the+Red+Priest+by+Sean+Riley&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Frn%2Fairplay%2Fstories%2F2011%2F3244574.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0463283/"><i>Antonio Vivaldi, un prince à Venise</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFormichetti2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Formichetti, Gianfranco (2006). <i>Venezia e il prete col violino. Vita di Antonio Vivaldi</i> [<i>Venice and the Priest with the Violin. Life of Antonio Vivaldi</i>] (in Italian). Milan: <a href="/wiki/Bompiani" title="Bompiani">Bompiani</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-452-5640-5" title="Special:BookSources/88-452-5640-5"><bdi>88-452-5640-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venezia+e+il+prete+col+violino.+Vita+di+Antonio+Vivaldi&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Bompiani&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=88-452-5640-5&rft.aulast=Formichetti&rft.aufirst=Gianfranco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller1997" class="citation book cs1">Heller, Karl (1997) [1991]. <i>Antonio Vivaldi: The Red Priest of Venice</i>. Translated by Marinelli, David. Pompton Plains: <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus Press">Amadeus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57467-015-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57467-015-8"><bdi>1-57467-015-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antonio+Vivaldi%3A+The+Red+Priest+of+Venice&rft.place=Pompton+Plains&rft.pub=Amadeus+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-57467-015-8&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolneder1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kolneder" title="Walter Kolneder">Kolneder, Walter</a> (1982). <i>Antonio Vivaldi: Documents of His Life and Works</i>. Amsterdam: Heinrichshofen's Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7959-0338-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-7959-0338-6"><bdi>3-7959-0338-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antonio+Vivaldi%3A+Documents+of+His+Life+and+Works&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Heinrichshofen%27s+Verlag&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=3-7959-0338-6&rft.aulast=Kolneder&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._C._Robbins_Landon" title="H. C. Robbins Landon">Landon, H. C. Robbins</a> (1996) [1993]. <i>Vivaldi: Voice of the Baroque</i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-46842-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-46842-9"><bdi>0-226-46842-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivaldi%3A+Voice+of+the+Baroque&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-226-46842-9&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=H.+C.+Robbins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPincherle1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Pincherle" title="Marc Pincherle">Pincherle, Marc</a> (1957). <i>Vivaldi: Genius of the Baroque</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivaldi%3A+Genius+of+the+Baroque&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Pincherle&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Talbot_(musicologist)" title="Michael Talbot (musicologist)">Talbot, Michael</a> (1978). <i>Vivaldi</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Dent" title="J. M. Dent">J. M. Dent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivaldi&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Talbot_(musicologist)" title="Michael Talbot (musicologist)">Talbot, Michael</a> (2011). <i>The Vivaldi Compendium</i>. Woodbridge: <a href="/wiki/Boydell_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Boydell Press">Boydell Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vivaldi+Compendium&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbotLockey2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Talbot_(musicologist)" title="Michael Talbot (musicologist)">Talbot, Michael</a> (2020) [2001]. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000040120">"Vivaldi, Antonio"</a></span>. In Lockey, Nicholas (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Revised by Nicholas Lockey. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.40120">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40120</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vivaldi%2C+Antonio&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.40120&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000040120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbotPorterKnapp2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Talbot_(musicologist)" title="Michael Talbot (musicologist)">Talbot, Michael</a>; Porter, William V.; Knapp, Raymond L. (24 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-Vivaldi">"Antonio Vivaldi | Biography, Compositions & Facts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antonio+Vivaldi+%26%23124%3B+Biography%2C+Compositions+%26+Facts&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2022-07-24&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Porter%2C+William+V.&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Raymond+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAntonio-Vivaldi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2013" class="citation book cs1">White, Micky (2013). <i>Antonio Vivaldi A Life in Documents</i>. Florence: <a href="/wiki/Leo_S._Olschki_Editore" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo S. Olschki Editore">Leo S. Olschki Editore</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antonio+Vivaldi+A+Life+in+Documents&rft.place=Florence&rft.pub=Leo+S.+Olschki+Editore&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Micky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffEmery2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Wolff" title="Christoph Wolff">Wolff, Christoph</a>; Emery, Walter (20 January 2001). "Bach, Johann Sebastian". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.6002278195">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.6002278195</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bach%2C+Johann+Sebastian&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001-01-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.6002278195&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.au=Emery%2C+Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane_Poole1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Lane_Poole" title="Reginald Lane Poole">Lane Poole, Reginald</a> (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Vivaldi, Antonio"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians/Vivaldi,_Antonio">"Vivaldi, Antonio" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">Grove, George</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dictionary of Music and Musicians">A Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>. Vol. 4.5. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan and Company</a>. pp. 317–318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vivaldi%2C+Antonio&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=London&rft.pages=317-318&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Lane+Poole&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Romijn, André. <i>Hidden Harmonies: The Secret Life of Antonio Vivaldi</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9554100-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9554100-1-7">978-0-9554100-1-7</a></li> <li>Selfridge-Field, Eleanor (1994). <i>Venetian Instrumental Music, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi</i>. New York, Dover Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-28151-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-28151-5">0-486-28151-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Vivaldi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Antonio_Vivaldi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Antonio Vivaldi">Antonio Vivaldi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Vivaldi,_Antonio" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Vivaldi, Antonio">Free scores by Antonio Vivaldi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a href="https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Antonio_Vivaldi" class="extiw" title="choralwiki:Antonio Vivaldi">Free scores by Antonio Vivaldi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Choral_Public_Domain_Library" title="Choral Public Domain Library">Choral Public Domain Library</a> (ChoralWiki)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mutopia_Project" title="Mutopia Project">Mutopia Project</a> has compositions by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=VivaldiA">Antonio Vivaldi</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/vivaldi">"Discovering Vivaldi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+Vivaldi&rft.pub=BBC+Radio+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.co.uk%2Fvivaldi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+Vivaldi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006334/">Antonio Vivaldi</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antonio_Vivaldi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Template:Antonio Vivaldi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Template talk:Antonio Vivaldi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antonio Vivaldi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antonio_Vivaldi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antonio Vivaldi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Antonio_Vivaldi" title="List of operas by Antonio Vivaldi"> list of operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Antonio_Vivaldi" title="List of compositions by Antonio Vivaldi"> list of compositions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottone_in_villa" title="Ottone in villa">Ottone in villa</a></i> (1713)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_furioso_(Vivaldi,_1714)" title="Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)">Orlando furioso (RV 819)</a></i> (1714)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_finto_pazzo" title="Orlando finto pazzo">Orlando finto pazzo</a></i> (1714)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nerone_fatto_Cesare" title="Nerone fatto Cesare">Nerone fatto Cesare</a></i> (1715)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_costanza_trionfante_degl%27amori_e_de_gl%27odii" title="La costanza trionfante degl'amori e de gl'odii">La costanza trionfante degl'amori e de gl'odii</a></i> (1716)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsilda,_regina_di_Ponto" title="Arsilda, regina di Ponto">Arsilda, regina di Ponto</a></i> (1716)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27incoronazione_di_Dario" title="L'incoronazione di Dario">L'incoronazione di Dario</a></i> (1717)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tieteberga" title="Tieteberga">Tieteberga</a></i> (1717)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armida_al_campo_d%27Egitto" title="Armida al campo d'Egitto">Armida al campo d'Egitto</a></i> (1718)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scanderbeg_(Vivaldi)" title="Scanderbeg (Vivaldi)">Scanderbeg</a></i> (1718)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teuzzone" title="Teuzzone">Teuzzone</a></i> (1718)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tito_Manlio" title="Tito Manlio">Tito Manlio</a></i> (1719)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_verit%C3%A0_in_cimento" title="La verità in cimento">La verità in cimento</a></i> (1720)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Silvia" title="La Silvia">La Silvia</a></i> (1721)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ercole_su%27l_Termodonte" title="Ercole su'l Termodonte">Ercole su'l Termodonte</a></i> (1723)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giustino_(Vivaldi)" title="Giustino (Vivaldi)">Giustino</a></i> (1724)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorilla_in_Tempe" title="Dorilla in Tempe">Dorilla in Tempe</a></i> (1726)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farnace" title="Farnace">Farnace</a></i> (1727)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_furioso_(Vivaldi,_1727)" title="Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1727)">Orlando furioso (RV 728)</a></i> (1727)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atenaide_(Vivaldi)" title="Atenaide (Vivaldi)">Atenaide</a></i> (1728)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argippo" title="Argippo">Argippo</a></i> (1730)</li> <li><i>Alvilda regina de' Goti</i> (1731)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semiramide_(Vivaldi)" title="Semiramide (Vivaldi)"> Semiramide</a></i> (1732)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_fida_ninfa" title="La fida ninfa">La fida ninfa</a></i> (1732)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motezuma" title="Motezuma">Motezuma</a></i> (1733)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Olimpiade_(Vivaldi)" title="L'Olimpiade (Vivaldi)">L'Olimpiade</a></i> (1734)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bajazet_(opera)" title="Bajazet (opera)">Bajazet</a></i> (1735)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griselda_(Vivaldi)" title="Griselda (Vivaldi)">Griselda</a></i> (1735)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27oracolo_in_Messenia" title="L'oracolo in Messenia">L'oracolo in Messenia</a></i> (1737)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sacred music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrie_(Vivaldi)" title="Kyrie (Vivaldi)">Kyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_(Vivaldi)" title="Gloria (Vivaldi)">Gloria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nisi_Dominus_(Vivaldi)" title="Nisi Dominus (Vivaldi)">Nisi Dominus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credo_(Vivaldi)" title="Credo (Vivaldi)">Credo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat_(Vivaldi)" title="Magnificat (Vivaldi)">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(Vivaldi)" title="Stabat Mater (Vivaldi)">Stabat Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixit_Dominus_(Vivaldi)" title="Dixit Dominus (Vivaldi)">Dixit Dominus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nulla_in_mundo_pax_sincera" title="Nulla in mundo pax sincera">Nulla in mundo pax sincera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi%27s_introduzioni" title="Vivaldi's introduzioni">Introduzioni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juditha_triumphans" title="Juditha triumphans">Juditha triumphans</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works with Op.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Trio_Sonatas,_Op._1_(Vivaldi)" title="Twelve Trio Sonatas, Op. 1 (Vivaldi)">Twelve Trio Sonatas, Op. 1</a> (1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Violin_Sonatas,_Op._2_(Vivaldi)" title="Twelve Violin Sonatas, Op. 2 (Vivaldi)">Twelve Trio Sonatas, Op. 2</a> (1709)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27estro_armonico" title="L'estro armonico">L'estro armonico, Op. 3</a></i> (1711)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_stravaganza" title="La stravaganza">La stravaganza, Op. 4</a></i> (1714)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Violin_Sonatas,_Op._5_(Vivaldi)" title="Six Violin Sonatas, Op. 5 (Vivaldi)">Six Violin Sonatas, Op. 5</a> (1716)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Violin_Concertos,_Op._6_(Vivaldi)" title="Six Violin Concertos, Op. 6 (Vivaldi)">Six Violin Concertos, Op. 6</a> (1716–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Concertos,_Op._7_(Vivaldi)" title="Twelve Concertos, Op. 7 (Vivaldi)">Twelve Concertos, Op. 7</a> (1716–1717)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_cimento_dell%27armonia_e_dell%27inventione" title="Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione">Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Op. 8</a></i> <ul><li>1723, includes <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)" title="The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)"><i>Le quattro stagioni</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandolin_Concerto_(Vivaldi)" title="Mandolin Concerto (Vivaldi)">Mandolin Concerto, RV 425</a> (1725)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_cetra_(Vivaldi)" title="La cetra (Vivaldi)"><i>La cetra</i>, Op. 9</a> (1727)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concerto_alla_rustica" title="Concerto alla rustica">Concerto alla rustica</a></i> for string orchestra (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1725–1730</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Flute_Concertos,_Op._10_(Vivaldi)" title="Six Flute Concertos, Op. 10 (Vivaldi)">Six Flute Concertos, Op. 10</a> (1728)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Concertos,_Op._11_(Vivaldi)" title="Six Concertos, Op. 11 (Vivaldi)">Six Concertos, Op. 11</a> (1729)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Violin_Concertos,_Op._12_(Vivaldi)" title="Six Violin Concertos, Op. 12 (Vivaldi)">Six Violin Concertos, Op. 12</a> (1729)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grosso_mogul" title="Grosso mogul">Grosso mogul</a></i>, RV 208 (early violin concerto)</li> <li>Flute Concerto <i><a href="/wiki/Il_gran_mogol" title="Il gran mogol">Il gran mogol</a></i>, RV 431a (c. 1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lute_concerto_in_D_major_(Vivaldi)" title="Lute concerto in D major (Vivaldi)">Lute Concerto, RV 93</a> (1730s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_in_C_major,_RV_559" title="Concerto in C major, RV 559">Concerto in C major, RV 559</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cello_sonatas_(Vivaldi)" title="Cello sonatas (Vivaldi)">Cello sonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Two_Cellos,_RV_531" title="Concerto for Two Cellos, RV 531">Concerto for Two Cellos, RV 531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Two_Trumpets_(Vivaldi)" title="Concerto for Two Trumpets (Vivaldi)">Concerto for Two Trumpets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(crater)" title="Vivaldi (crater)">Vivaldi (crater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_Glacier" title="Vivaldi Glacier">Vivaldi Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bella_Figura" title="Bella Figura">Bella Figura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_da_camera" title="Concerto da camera">Concerto da camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galant_music" title="Galant music">Galant music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryom-Verzeichnis" title="Ryom-Verzeichnis">Ryom-Verzeichnis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slice_to_Sharp" title="Slice to Sharp">Slice to Sharp</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi%27s_Cello" title="Vivaldi's Cello">Vivaldi's Cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_(2007_film)" title="4 (2007 film)">4 (2007 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Category:Antonio Vivaldi">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baroque_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baroque_music" title="Template:Baroque music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baroque_music" title="Template talk:Baroque music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baroque_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baroque music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baroque_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baroque_composers" title="List of Baroque composers">List of Baroque composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Renaissance_to_Baroque_in_instrumental_music" title="Transition from Renaissance to Baroque in instrumental music">Transitional</a><br />and early (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1600)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Allegri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Caccini" title="Giulio Caccini">G. Caccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodrigues_Coelho" title="Manuel Rodrigues Coelho">Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowland" title="John Dowland">J. Dowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Franck" title="Melchior Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Frescobaldi" title="Girolamo Frescobaldi">Frescobaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gabrieli" title="Giovanni Gabrieli">Gabrieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Galilei" title="Vincenzo Galilei">V. Galilei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gibbons" title="Christopher Gibbons">C. Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons" title="Orlando Gibbons">O. Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_d%27India" title="Sigismondo d'India">d'India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Girolamo_Kapsperger" title="Giovanni Girolamo Kapsperger">Kapsberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Landi" title="Stefano Landi">Landi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lawes" title="William Lawes">Lawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_V%C3%A1clav_Michna_z_Otradovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Václav Michna z Otradovic">Michna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarquinio_Merula" title="Tarquinio Merula">Merula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Monteverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Peri" title="Jacopo Peri">Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">M. Praetorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Rossi" title="Luigi Rossi">Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Scheidt" title="Samuel Scheidt">Scheidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Hermann_Schein" title="Johann Hermann Schein">Schein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Schütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Sweelinck" title="Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck">Sweelinck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1650)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataldo_Amodei" title="Cataldo Amodei">Amodei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_d%27Anglebert" title="Jean-Henri d'Anglebert">d'Anglebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Bassani" title="Giovanni Battista Bassani">Bassani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Ignaz_Franz_Biber" title="Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber">H. I. F. Biber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blow" title="John Blow">Blow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieterich_Buxtehude" title="Dieterich Buxtehude">Buxtehude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Cabanilles" title="Juan Bautista Cabanilles">Cabanilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Carissimi" title="Giacomo Carissimi">Carissimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Cavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cesti" title="Antonio Cesti">Cesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Charpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Clarke" title="Jeremiah Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Corelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Diletsky" title="Nikolay Diletsky">Diletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Froberger" title="Johann Jakob Froberger">Froberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Caspar_Kerll" title="Johann Caspar Kerll">Kerll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Legrenzi" title="Giovanni Legrenzi">Legrenzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">J.-B. Lully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Marais" title="Marin Marais">M. Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Muffat" title="Georg Muffat">Muffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Pachelbel" title="Johann Pachelbel">J. Pachelbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Playford" title="John Playford">J. Playford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">H. Purcell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Adam_Reincken" title="Johann Adam Reincken">Reincken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sabini" title="Nicola Sabini">Sabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Sanz" title="Gaspar Sanz">Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">A. Scarlatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Stradella" title="Alessandro Stradella">Stradella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Strozzi" title="Barbara Strozzi">Strozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Torelli" title="Giuseppe Torelli">Torelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Torrej%C3%B3n_y_Velasco" title="Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco">Torrejón y Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Josef_Vejvanovsk%C3%BD" title="Pavel Josef Vejvanovský">Vejvanovský</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Baroque_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Baroque (music)">Late</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1700)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomaso_Albinoni" title="Tomaso Albinoni">Albinoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">J. S. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bodin_de_Boismortier" title="Joseph Bodin de Boismortier">Bodin de Boismortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bononcini" title="Giovanni Bononcini">G. B. Bononcini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Caldara" title="Antonio Caldara">Caldara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Campra" title="André Campra">Campra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin" title="François Couperin">F. Couperin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Richard_Delalande" title="Michel Richard Delalande">Delalande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Fasch" title="Johann Friedrich Fasch">Fasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Caspar_Ferdinand_Fischer" title="Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joseph_Fux" title="Johann Joseph Fux">Fux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Geminiani" title="Francesco Geminiani">Geminiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Gerwazy_Gorczycki" title="Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki">Gorczycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Graupner" title="Christoph Graupner">Graupner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">Handel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_David_Heinichen" title="Johann David Heinichen">Heinichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Jacquet_de_La_Guerre" title="Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre">Jacquet de La Guerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Leclair" title="Jean-Marie Leclair">Leclair l'aîné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Locatelli" title="Pietro Locatelli">Locatelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lotti" title="Antonio Lotti">Lotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Marcello" title="Alessandro Marcello">A. Marcello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Pepusch" title="Johann Christoph Pepusch">Pepusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi" title="Giovanni Battista Pergolesi">Pergolesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Pisendel" title="Johann Georg Pisendel">Pisendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Porpora" title="Nicola Porpora">Porpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Quantz" title="Johann Joachim Quantz">Quantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Rameau" title="Jean-Philippe Rameau">Rameau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">D. Scarlatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Seixas" title="Carlos Seixas">Seixas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tartini" title="Giuseppe Tartini">Tartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Telemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Vinci" title="Leonardo Vinci">Vinci</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvius_Leopold_Weiss" title="Sylvius Leopold Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Dismas_Zelenka" title="Jan Dismas Zelenka">Zelenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Zumaya" title="Manuel de Zumaya">de Zumaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galant_music" title="Galant music">Galant</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1720)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arne" title="Thomas Arne">Arne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach">C. P. E. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">J. C. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Friedemann_Bach" title="Wilhelm Friedemann Bach">W. F. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Benda" title="Franz Benda">F. Benda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Boccherini" title="Luigi Boccherini">Boccherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Boyce_(composer)" title="William Boyce (composer)">Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Brixi" title="František Brixi">F. Brixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Corrette" title="Michel Corrette">Corrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Galuppi" title="Baldassare Galuppi">Galuppi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Adolph_Hasse" title="Johann Adolph Hasse">Hasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Martini" title="Giovanni Battista Martini">Padre Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Myslive%C4%8Dek" title="Josef Mysliveček">Mysliveček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_de_Mondonville" title="Jean-Joseph de Mondonville">Mondonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">L. Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Quantz" title="Johann Joachim Quantz">Quantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Sammartini" title="Giovanni Battista Sammartini">Sammartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Soler" title="Antonio Soler">Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Telemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zach" title="Jan Zach">Zach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_instruments" title="Baroque instruments">Musical<br />Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornett" title="Cornett">cornett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque flute">flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">fortepiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautenwerck" title="Lautenwerck">lautenwerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackbut" title="Sackbut">sackbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theorbo" title="Theorbo">theorbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_trumpet" title="Baroque trumpet">trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_violin" title="Baroque violin">violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violone" title="Violone">violone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_orchestra" title="Baroque orchestra">Baroque orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">Basso continuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ballet" title="French ballet">ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">cantata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(music)" title="Canon (music)">canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canzona" title="Canzona">canzona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canzonetta" title="Canzonetta">canzonetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(music)" title="Capriccio (music)">capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaconne" title="Chaconne">chaconne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_17th-century_chaconnes" title="List of 17th-century chaconnes">17th-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_18th-century_chaconnes" title="List of 18th-century chaconnes">18th-century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorale" title="Chorale">chorale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertato" title="Concertato">concertato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">concerto grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_dance" title="Baroque dance">dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courante" title="Courante">courante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavotte" title="Gavotte">gavotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigue" title="Gigue">gigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">passacaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarabande" title="Sarabande">sarabande</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia (music)">fantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">folia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">fugue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grands_motets" class="mw-redirect" title="Grands motets">grand motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal" title="Madrigal">madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera#The_Baroque_era" title="Opera">opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_(music)" title="Prelude (music)">prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">recitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricercar" title="Ricercar">ricercar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_da_chiesa" title="Sonata da chiesa">sonata da chiesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_(music)" title="Suite (music)">suite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Baroque music of the British Isles">British Baroque music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_revival" title="Early music revival">early music revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_festivals" title="Early music festivals">festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_music_ensembles" title="List of early music ensembles">ensembles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">historically informed performance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figured_bass" title="Figured bass">Figured bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monody" title="Monody">monody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_in%C3%A9gales" title="Notes inégales">notes inégales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_polychoral_style" title="Venetian polychoral style">polychoral style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_bris%C3%A9" title="Style brisé">Style brisé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galant_Schemata" title="Galant Schemata">Galant Schemata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_dance" title="Baroque dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_painting" title="Baroque painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_sculpture" title="Baroque sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Classical_period_(music)" title="Template:Classical period (music)">Classical music</a></b> → </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_music" title="Category:Baroque music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/21px-Audio_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/32px-Audio_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/42px-Audio_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Classical music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operalogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/21px-Operalogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/32px-Operalogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/42px-Operalogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Opera" title="Portal:Opera">Opera</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Antonio Vivaldi</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" class="extiw" title="c:Antonio Vivaldi">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" class="extiw" title="q:Antonio Vivaldi">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Antonio_Vivaldi" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Antonio Vivaldi">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340" class="extiw" title="d:Q1340">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121299169">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42027007">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31657/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrgGkmwkQr9PVpPyHKGHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118627287">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vivaldi, Antonio, 1678-1741"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79021280">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139008966">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139008966">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00527045">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vivaldi, Antonio <1678-1741>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV005228">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36529158">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990008800&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX958764">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/142673">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068812345">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90224852">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000035018&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000091438&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000057122">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=232325">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000021607">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199628883">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqspm1x1wwr2pz">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810547038205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/25832">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269656205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000191900">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521622306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14305533">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05368763?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500336474">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ad79836d-9849-44df-8789-180bbc823f3c">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102302">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/v0467">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1274783">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118627287.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118627287">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027472183">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cj8bwk">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30003267">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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