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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="جايوس يوليوس سفيلايس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جايوس يوليوس سفيلايس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Юлій Цывіліс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Юлій Цывіліс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гай Юлий Цивилис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гай Юлий Цивилис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juli_Civilis" title="Juli Civilis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Juli Civilis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Civilis" title="Gaius Julius Civilis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gaius Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Civilis" title="Iulius Civilis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iulius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Civilis" title="Julio Civilis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Julio Civilis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caius_Julius_Civilis" title="Caius Julius Civilis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caius Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Civilis" title="Gaius Julius Civilis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gaius Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaj_Julije_Civilis" title="Gaj Julije Civilis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gaj Julije Civilis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Giulio_Civile" title="Gaio Giulio Civile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gaio Giulio Civile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1" title="גאיוס יוליוס קיוויליס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאיוס יוליוס קיוויליס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Клавдий Юлий Цивилис – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Клавдий Юлий Цивилис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Civilis" title="Julius Civilis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A6%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="ガイウス・ユリウス・キウィリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガイウス・ユリウス・キウィリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Civilis" title="Gaius Julius Civilis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gaius Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliusz_Cywilis" title="Juliusz Cywilis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Juliusz Cywilis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caio_J%C3%BAlio_Civil" title="Caio Júlio Civil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caio Júlio Civil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гай Юлий Цивилис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гай Юлий Цивилис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julij_Civil" title="Julij Civil – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Julij Civil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaj_Julije_Civilis" title="Gaj Julije Civilis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gaj Julije Civilis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Civilis" title="Julius Civilis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Civilis" title="Gaius Julius Civilis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gaius Julius Civilis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Юлій Клавдій Цивіліс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юлій Клавдій Цивіліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaj_Julius_Sivilis" title="Gaj Julius Sivilis – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gaj Julius Sivilis" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Leader of the Batavian rebellion against the Romans in 69 AD</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Gaius_Julius_Civilis" title="Talk:Gaius Julius Civilis">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Gaius Julius Civilis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg/220px-Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg/330px-Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg/440px-Tervuren_-_%22Claudius_Civilis%22_by_Lodewijk_Van_Geel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Statue of Civilis in Tervuren by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewijk_Van_Geel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewijk Van Geel (page does not exist)">Lodewijk Van Geel</a> (1820–21)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">AD 25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1st century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Batavi" title="Revolt of the Batavi">Revolt of the Batavi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gaius Julius Civilis</b> (AD 25 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st century</span>) was the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Batavian rebellion">Batavian rebellion</a> against the Romans in 69 AD. His <a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">nomen</a> shows that he (or one of his male ancestors) was made a Roman citizen (and thus, the tribe a Roman vassal) by either <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Civilis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaius Julius Civilis was born in AD 25.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was twice imprisoned on a charge of rebellion, and narrowly escaped execution. During the disturbances that followed the death of <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>, he took up arms under pretense of siding with <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> and induced the inhabitants of his native country to rebel. The <a href="/wiki/Batavians" class="mw-redirect" title="Batavians">Batavians</a>, who had rendered valuable service under the early emperors, had been well treated in order to attach them to the cause of Rome. They were exempt from <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>, but were obliged to supply a large number of men for the army, and the burden of conscription and the oppression of provincial governors were important incentives to revolt. The Batavians were immediately joined by several neighboring Germanic tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911402–403_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911402–403-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolt">Revolt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Civilis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Batavi" title="Revolt of the Batavi">Revolt of the Batavi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/220px-The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/330px-The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/440px-The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5228" data-file-height="3348" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis" title="The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis">The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis</a></i>, completed in 1661 by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Harmenszoon_van_Rijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn">Rembrandt</a>. It depicts a <a href="/wiki/Batavians" class="mw-redirect" title="Batavians">Batavian</a> oath to Gaius Julius Civilis, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Batavian rebellion">Batavian rebellion</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> in 69 AD.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Roman garrisons near the Rhine were driven out, and twenty-four ships captured. Two legions under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mummius_Lupercus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mummius Lupercus (page does not exist)">Mummius Lupercus</a> were defeated at Castra Vetera (near the modern <a href="/wiki/Xanten" title="Xanten">Xanten</a>) and surrounded. Eight cohorts of Batavian veterans joined their countrymen, and the troops sent by Vespasian to the relief of Vetera threw in their lot with them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"Let Syria, Asia Minor, and the East, habituated as it is to despotism, submit to slavery... Freedom is a gift bestowed by nature even on the dumb animals. Courage is the peculiar excellence of man, and the Gods help the braver side." - Gaius Julius Civilis<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The result of these accessions to the forces of Civilis was a rising in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hordeonius_Flaccus" title="Hordeonius Flaccus">Hordeonius Flaccus</a> was murdered by his troops (70 AD), and the whole of the Roman forces were induced by two commanders of the Gallic auxiliaries —<a href="/wiki/Julius_Classicus" title="Julius Classicus">Julius Classicus</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Tutor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Tutor (page does not exist)">Julius Tutor</a>— to revolt from Rome and join Civilis. The whole of Gaul thus practically declared itself independent, and the foundation of a new kingdom of Gaul was contemplated. The prophetess <a href="/wiki/Veleda" title="Veleda">Veleda</a> predicted the complete success of Civilis and the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. But disputes broke out among the different tribes and rendered co-operation impossible; Vespasian, having successfully ended the civil war, called upon Civilis to lay down his arms, and on his refusal resolved to take strong measures for the suppression of the revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defeat_and_surrender">Defeat and surrender</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Civilis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Defeat and surrender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The arrival of <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Petillius_Cerialis" title="Quintus Petillius Cerialis">Quintus Petillius Cerialis</a> with a strong force awed the Gauls and mutinous troops into submission; Civilis was defeated at Augusta Treverorum (<a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, Trèves) and Castra Vetera, and forced to withdraw to the island of the Batavians. He finally came to an agreement with Cerialis whereby his countrymen obtained certain advantages, and resumed amicable relations with Rome. From this time, Civilis disappears from history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Civilis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSweers2013" class="citation web cs1">Sweers, Erik (2013-10-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024092129/https://www.historien.nl/gaius-julius-civilis/">"Gaius Julius Civilis"</a>. <i>Historiën</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historien.nl/gaius-julius-civilis/">the original</a> on 2013-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histori%C3%ABn&rft.atitle=Gaius+Julius+Civilis&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft.aulast=Sweers&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historien.nl%2Fgaius-julius-civilis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaius+Julius+Civilis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911402–403-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911402–403_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, pp. 402–403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911403_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus <i>Historiae</i> IV.17</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Civilis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Civilis,_Claudius" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Civilis, Claudius">Civilis, Claudius</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 402–403.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Civilis%2C+Claudius&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=402-403&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaius+Julius+Civilis" class="Z3988"></span> This documents that the chief authority for the history of the insurrection is <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Histories</a></i>, iv., v., whose account breaks off at the beginning of Civilis's speech to Cerialis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellum_Judaicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellum Judaicum">Bellum Judaicum</a>, vii. 4.</li> <li>E. Meyer, <i>Der Freiheitskrieg der Bataver unter Civilis</i> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Merivale" title="Charles Merivale">Merivale</a>, <i>Hist. of the Romans under the Empire</i>, ch. 58.</li> <li>H. Schiller, <i>Geschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit</i>, bk. ii. ch. 2, § 54 (1883).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Civilis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/ba-bd/batavians/revolt01.html">Jona Lendering, "The Batavian Revolt"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504221225/http://www.livius.org/ba-bd/batavians/revolt01.html">Archived</a> 2016-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Civilis, Julius"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Civilis,_Julius">"Civilis, Julius" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span 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