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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notiones_philosophiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notiones philosophiae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notiones_philosophiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Divisio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_philosophiae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_philosophiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia philosophiae</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia_philosophiae-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historia philosophiae subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia_philosophiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Occidentalis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Occidentalis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Philosophia Occidentalis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Occidentalis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Graecia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graecia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Graecia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graecia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origo_philosophiae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origo_philosophiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Origo philosophiae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origo_philosophiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_classica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_classica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.2</span> <span>Philosophia classica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_classica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_hellenistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_hellenistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.3</span> <span>Philosophia hellenistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_hellenistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Roma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediaevalis_philosophia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediaevalis_philosophia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Mediaevalis philosophia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediaevalis_philosophia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Temporis_Renatarum_Artium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Temporis_Renatarum_Artium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Philosophia Temporis Renatarum Artium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Temporis_Renatarum_Artium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hodierna_philosophia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hodierna_philosophia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Hodierna philosophia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hodierna_philosophia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_pessimismi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_pessimismi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Philosophia pessimismi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_pessimismi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Institiae_Socialiae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Institiae_Socialiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Philosophia Institiae Socialiae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Institiae_Socialiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philosophia_neo-Aristoteliana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_neo-Aristoteliana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Philosophia neo-Aristoteliana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_neo-Aristoteliana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_analytica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_analytica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Philosophia analytica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_analytica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philosophia_marxistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_marxistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.1</span> <span>Philosophia marxistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_marxistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_existentialistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_existentialistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.2</span> <span>Philosophia existentialistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_existentialistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_post-moderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_post-moderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.3</span> <span>Philosophia post-moderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_post-moderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_phaenomenologica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_phaenomenologica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.4</span> <span>Philosophia phaenomenologica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_phaenomenologica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hermeneutica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hermeneutica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Hermeneutica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hermeneutica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Sinica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Sinica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Philosophia Sinica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Sinica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Confuciana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Confuciana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Philosophia Confuciana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Confuciana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Daoistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Daoistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Philosophia Daoistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Daoistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Mociana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Mociana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Philosophia Mociana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Mociana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aliae_doctrinae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aliae_doctrinae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Aliae doctrinae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aliae_doctrinae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Indica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Indica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Philosophia Indica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Indica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Brahmanica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Brahmanica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Philosophia Brahmanica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Brahmanica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophia_Buddhica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophia_Buddhica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Philosophia Buddhica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophia_Buddhica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliographia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Praefationes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praefationes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Praefationes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praefationes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Res" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Res"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Res</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Res-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthologiae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthologiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Anthologiae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthologiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_referentiae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_referentiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Opera referentiae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera_referentiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Addita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Addita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 235 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-235" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">235 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kalam" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%8D%E1%8A%93" title="ፍልስፍና – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፍልስፍና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AA%C3%B0witegung" title="Ūðwitegung – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ūðwitegung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="فلسفة – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلسفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="لفلسفة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لفلسفة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="فلسفه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلسفه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="দৰ্শন – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দৰ্শন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakopa" title="Trakopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Trakopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lup%27intawi" title="Lup'intawi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Lup'intawi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99" title="Fəlsəfə – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəlsəfə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="فلسفه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فلسفه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99" title="Фәлсәфә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фәлсәфә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosuop%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Filosuopėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Filosuopėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pilosopiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філасофія – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філасофія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філязофія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Філязофія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilsapat" title="Pilsapat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pilsapat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%91%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="သဘာဝတ္ထဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဘာဝတ္ထဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="দর্শন – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দর্শন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="མཚན་ཉིད་རིག་པ། – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཚན་ཉིད་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prederouriezh" title="Prederouriezh – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Prederouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filozofija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гүн ухаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гүн ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A9k-h%C5%8Fk" title="Diék-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diék-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Философи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Философи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pilosopiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%AC%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%A8%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎤᏬᎳᏨᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏬᎳᏨᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%81%DB%95" title="فەلسەفە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەلسەفە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofie" title="Filozofie – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filozofie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofij%C3%B4" title="Filozofijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Filozofijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Философи – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Философи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athroniaeth" title="Athroniaeth – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Athroniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsefe" title="Felsefe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Felsefe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafah" title="Falsafah – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Falsafah" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φιλοσοφία – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλοσοφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%AE" title="Filosofî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Filosofî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philosophy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofio" title="Filozofio – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filozofio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Filosoofia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="فلسفه – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلسفه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Filosoofia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimspeki" title="Heimspeki – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Heimspeki" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofii" title="Filosofii – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Filosofii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofy" title="Filosofy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Filosofy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feals%C3%BAnacht" title="Fealsúnacht – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fealsúnacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="哲學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofi" title="Filozofi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Filozofi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feallsanachd" title="Feallsanachd – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Feallsanachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arandupykuaaty" title="Arandupykuaaty – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Arandupykuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piloosopia" title="Piloosopia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Piloosopia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallsoonys" title="Fallsoonys – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fallsoonys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafa" title="Falsafa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Falsafa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chet-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Chet-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chet-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="פילוסופיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פילוסופיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="दर्शनशास्त्र – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दर्शनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filozofija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofi" title="Filozofi – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Filozofi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoz%C3%B3fia" title="Filozófia – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Filozófia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Փիլիսոփայություն – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փիլիսոփայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Փիլիսոփայութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փիլիսոփայութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophia" title="Philosophia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Philosophia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81k%E1%BB%8D_na_Uche" title="Ákọ na Uche – Igbonica" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ákọ na Uche" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopia" title="Pilosopia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pilosopia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Философи – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Философи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofio" title="Filozofio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Filozofio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimspeki" title="Heimspeki – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heimspeki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%B1%E1%92%AA%E1%93%95%E1%90%85%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%96%85" title="ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="哲学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filasafi" title="Filasafi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Filasafi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pijyske" title="pijyske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pijyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფილოსოფია – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილოსოფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofiya" title="Filosofiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Filosofiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelsaft" title="Tafelsaft – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelsaft" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofii" title="Filozofii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Filozofii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyenfilosofi" title="Lyenfilosofi – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lyenfilosofi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuunerup_isumalerineq" title="Inuunerup isumalerineq – Groenlandica" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Inuunerup isumalerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Groenlandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="ទស្សនវិជ្ជា – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទស្សនវិជ្ជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ತತ್ತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತತ್ತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="철학 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsefe" title="Felsefe – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Felsefe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofieth" title="Filosofieth – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Filosofieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozof%C3%AEa" title="Filozofîa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Filozofîa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filusufia" title="Filusufia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Filusufia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ປັດຊະຍາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປັດຊະຍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofija" title="Filosofija – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Filosofija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Filozofija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%B4z%C3%B4fia" title="Filôzôfia – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filôzôfia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Философий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Философий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Филозофија – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филозофија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="തത്ത്വശാസ്ത്രം – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തത്ത്വശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гүн ухаан – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гүн ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तत्त्वज्ञान – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तत्त्वज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafah" title="Falsafah – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Falsafah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofija" title="Filosofija – Melitensis" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Filosofija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melitensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဒဿနိကဗေဒ – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒဿနိကဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Эрямо койтнень содамо – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эрямо койтнень содамо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="فلسفه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فلسفه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesefie" title="Filesefie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Filesefie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="दर्शन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दर्शन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A5%DF%98%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%A5%DF%98%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8C" title="ߥߘߋ߬ߥߘߋ߬ߟߌ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߥߘߋ߬ߥߘߋ߬ߟߌ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosoufii" title="Filosoufii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Filosoufii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falaasama" title="Falaasama – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Falaasama" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਰਸ਼ਨ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਰਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofiya" title="Filosofiya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Filosofiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia" title="Filozofia – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filozofia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ACa" title="Filosofìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Filosofìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C" title="فلاسفی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فلاسفی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φιλοσοφία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Φιλοσοφία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="فلسفه – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فلسفه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yachay_wayllukuy" title="Yachay wayllukuy – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yachay wayllukuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Rhaetica" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Rhaetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філозофія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Філозофія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofi" title="Filozofi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Filozofi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="तत्त्वज्ञानम् – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तत्त्वज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia – Sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filusuf%C3%ACa" title="Filusufìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Filusufìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88" title="فلسفو – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فلسفو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofiija" title="Filosofiija – Samica septentrionalis" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Filosofiija" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Samica septentrionalis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAnd%C3%A2ndar%C3%A4" title="Sêndândarä – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sêndândarä" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filozofija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflsuft" title="Taflsuft – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflsuft" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="දර්ශනය – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දර්ශනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia" title="Filozofia – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filozofia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81" title="فلسفہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فلسفہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filozofija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugondamano" title="Ugondamano – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ugondamano" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtimaal" title="Murtimaal – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Murtimaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia" title="Filozofia – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Filozofia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Филозофија – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филозофија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_fu_denki" title="Sabi fu denki – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sabi fu denki" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafa" title="Falsafa – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Falsafa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மெய்யியல் – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெய்யியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="తత్వం – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తత్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filisofia" title="Filisofia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Filisofia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Фалсафа – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фалсафа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="ปรัชญา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรัชญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofi%C3%BDa" title="Filosofiýa – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Filosofiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pilosopiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99" title="Fəlsəfə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fəlsəfə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopi" title="Pilosopi – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Pilosopi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsefe" title="Felsefe – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Felsefe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-vuhleketi" title="Ntivo-vuhleketi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-vuhleketi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99" title="Фәлсәфә – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фәлсәфә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Философия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%95" title="پەلسەپە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پەلسەپە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філософія – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філософія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81" title="فلسفہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلسفہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafa" title="Falsafa – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Falsafa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%82ozofia" title="Fiłozofia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fiłozofia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofii" title="Filosofii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Filosofii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Triết học – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Triết học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosop" title="Filosop – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Filosop" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofeye" title="Filozofeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Filozofeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofiya" title="Filosofiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Filosofiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeltu" title="Xeltu – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xeltu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哲學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifilosofi" title="Ifilosofi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifilosofi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფილოსოფია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილოსოფია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" title="פילאסאפיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פילאסאפיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cm%C3%B2ye" title="Ìmòye – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìmòye" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" 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Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><div style="display: flow-root; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .0875); margin: 1em; padding: .1em 1em; text-align: left; font-style: italic; border-radius: .25em;">Vide etiam paginam fere homonymam: <a href="/wiki/227_Philosophia" title="227 Philosophia">227 Philosophia</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Philosophie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Philosophie.jpg/310px-Philosophie.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Philosophie.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Philosophia et <a href="/wiki/Artes_liberales" title="Artes liberales">artes liberales</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Philosophia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Etymologia" title="Etymologia">etymologice</a> '<a href="/wiki/Amor" title="Amor">amor</a> sapientiae', <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Graeca" title="Lingua Graeca">Graece</a> φιλεῖν '<a href="/wiki/Amor" title="Amor">amare</a>' + σοφία '<a href="/wiki/Sapientia" title="Sapientia">sapientia</a>') est studium <a href="/wiki/Sapientia" title="Sapientia">sapientiae</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Veritas" title="Veritas">veritatis</a>, per investigationem principiorum <a href="/wiki/Cogitatio" title="Cogitatio">cogitationis</a> <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">humanorumque</a> factorum. Qui philosophiae se dedicant philosophi nominantur. "Philosophia individua dimittit; neque impressiones primas individuorum, sed notiones ab illis abstractas complectitur; atque hoc prorsus officium est atque opificium rationis."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">Vocabulum</a> <i>philosophia</i>e a <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagora</a> fictum est, quia sapientiam privilegium <a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">divinum</a> putabat; ipse autem se sapientem (<i>sophos</i>) haberi nolebat. Amator sapientiae (vel <a href="/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio)">scientiae</a>) igitur dici malebat. </p><p>Philosophia hodierna multas definitiones habet, inter eas: </p> <ul><li>Criticum studium omnium humanarum quaestionum;</li> <li>Rationale studium omnis sapientiae humanae;</li> <li>Studium quaestionum, quibus responsa non sint absoluta.</li></ul> <p>Partes speciales philosophiae sunt <a href="/wiki/Philosophia_mentis" title="Philosophia mentis">philosophia mentis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia_scientiarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophia scientiarum (non est haec pagina)">philosophia scientiarum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia_orationis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophia orationis (non est haec pagina)">philosophia orationis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophia_historiae" title="Philosophia historiae">philosophia historiae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophia_religionis" title="Philosophia religionis">philosophia religionis</a>, et ceterae. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notiones_philosophiae">Notiones philosophiae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Notiones philosophiae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Notiones philosophiae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inter notiones philosophicas sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophari (non est haec pagina)">philosophari</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esse (non est haec pagina)">esse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essentia" title="Essentia">essentia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quidditas" title="Quidditas">quidditas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haecceitas" title="Haecceitas">haecceitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substantia" title="Substantia">substantia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exsistentia" title="Exsistentia">exsistentia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Res" class="mw-disambig" title="Res">res</a>, <a href="/wiki/Realitas" title="Realitas">realitas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Perceptio" title="Perceptio">perceptio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spatium" title="Spatium">spatium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">tempus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conscientia" title="Conscientia">conscientia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veritas" title="Veritas">veritas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ratio" title="Ratio">ratio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">mens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memoria" title="Memoria">memoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voluntas" title="Voluntas">voluntas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desiderium (non est haec pagina)">desiderium</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ethica" title="Ethica">bonus</a>, officium, <a href="/wiki/Virtus" title="Virtus">virtus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertas" title="Libertas">libertas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">natura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Societas_humana" title="Societas humana">societas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iustitia" title="Iustitia">iustitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potestas" class="mw-disambig" title="Potestas">potestas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ars" title="Ars">ars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor">labor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illuminatio" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminatio">illuminatio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosmotheoria" title="Cosmotheoria">cosmotheoria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisio">Divisio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Divisio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Divisio"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Praecipuae philosophiae notiones <a href="/wiki/Realitas" title="Realitas">realitatis</a> et <a href="/wiki/Veritas" title="Veritas">veritatis</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Metaphysica" title="Metaphysica">metaphysica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">logica</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Ontologia" title="Ontologia">ontologia</a>), sapientiae (in <a href="/wiki/Epistemologia" title="Epistemologia">epistemologia</a>), boni et <a href="/wiki/Iustitia" title="Iustitia">iustitiae</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Ethica" title="Ethica">ethice</a> et <a href="/wiki/Oeconomia_politica" title="Oeconomia politica">oeconomia politica</a>), et <a href="/wiki/Pulchritudo" title="Pulchritudo">pulchritudinis</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Aesthetica" title="Aesthetica">aesthetica</a>) sunt. </p><p>Philosophia dividitur in: </p> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <p>1. Philosophia essendi (seu <a href="/wiki/Metaphysica" title="Metaphysica">metaphysica</a>), quae subdividitur in: </p><p>1.1 Metaphysica generalis (seu <a href="/wiki/Ontologia" title="Ontologia">ontologia</a>) et </p><p>1.2 Metaphysica specialis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ontologia" title="Ontologia">Ontologia</a> dividitur in: </p><p>1.1.1 Generalis, </p><p>1.1.2 Aetiologia et </p><p>1.1.3 Categorologia. </p><p>Metaphysica specialis dividitur in: </p><p>1.2.1 <a href="/wiki/Theologia" title="Theologia">Theologia</a> naturalis (seu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodicea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodicea (non est haec pagina)">theodicea</a> seu <a href="/wiki/Soteriologia" title="Soteriologia">soteriologia</a>), </p><p>1.2.2 <a href="/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia">Cosmologia</a> (seu philosophia naturae, cosmologia metaphysica, cosmologia philosophica) et </p><p>1.2.3 Philosophia hominis (seu <a href="/wiki/Psychologia" title="Psychologia">psychologia</a> metaphysica, psychologia philosophica, psychologia rationalis, <a href="/wiki/Anthropologia" title="Anthropologia">anthropologia</a> philosophica). </p><p>2. Philosophia cognoscendi (seu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Critica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critica (non est haec pagina)">critica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistemologia" title="Epistemologia">epistemologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gnosologia" title="Gnosologia">gnosologia</a>, theoria cognitionis, <a href="/wiki/Phaenomenologia" title="Phaenomenologia">phaenomenologia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logica_materialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logica materialis (non est haec pagina)">logica materialis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logica_maior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logica maior (non est haec pagina)">logica maior</a>, criteriologia, <a href="/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia">ideologia</a>, methodologia) </p><p>3. Philosophia operandi (seu <a href="/wiki/Ethica" title="Ethica">ethica</a>, philosophia moralis, <a href="/wiki/Moralitas" title="Moralitas">moralitas</a>, axiologia (in qua <a href="/wiki/Aesthetica" title="Aesthetica">aesthetica</a>, calologia seu theoria artis est) et <a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">sociologia</a> philosophica). Subdividitur in: </p><p>3.1 <a href="/wiki/Ethica" title="Ethica">Ethica</a> generalis et <a href="/wiki/Iustitia_socialis" title="Iustitia socialis">iustitia socialis</a> </p><p>3.2 Ethica specialis (in qua philosophia politica vel <a href="/wiki/Oeconomia_politica" title="Oeconomia politica">oeconomia politica</a> est). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">Logica</a> (logica formalis seu logica minor) scientia quae agitur de causis alteris non est, sed de causis inmediatis. Cum <a href="/wiki/Mathematica" title="Mathematica">mathematica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientiae_formales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientiae formales (non est haec pagina)">scientiae formales</a> sunt. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_philosophiae">Historia philosophiae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Historia philosophiae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia philosophiae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Plurum philosophorum nomina discere poteris s.v. <a href="/wiki/Index_philosophorum" title="Index philosophorum">index philosophorum</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophia_Occidentalis">Philosophia Occidentalis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Occidentalis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Occidentalis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Graecia">Graecia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Graecia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Graecia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Vide etiam</i> <a href="/wiki/Index_philosophorum_Graecorum" title="Index philosophorum Graecorum">Index philosophorum Graecorum</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg/300px-David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg/450px-David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg/600px-David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3896" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mors_Socratis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mors Socratis (non est haec pagina)">Mors Socratis</a>,</i> pictura ab <a href="/wiki/Iacobus_Ludovicus_David" title="Iacobus Ludovicus David">Iacobus Ludovico David</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> picta. <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> <a href="/wiki/Venenum" title="Venenum">venenum</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conium (non est haec pagina)">Conii</a></i> bibiturus est.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg/220px-Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg/330px-Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg/440px-Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> (laeva) et <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> (dextra): pars <i><a href="/wiki/Schola_Athenarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Schola Athenarum">Scholae Athenarum</a>,</i> a <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Sanctius_Urbinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphael Sanctius Urbinas">Raphaelo</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a> picta.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Origo_philosophiae">Origo philosophiae</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Origo philosophiae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Origo philosophiae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occidentalis traditio coepit in <a href="/wiki/Graecia" title="Graecia">Graecia</a>. Res prima fuit indagatio ἀρχῆς id est principii mundi. Philosophi praeclari fuerunt: </p> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes" title="Anaximenes">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Sinopensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogenes Sinopensis">Diogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales" class="mw-redirect" title="Thales">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenophanes">Xenophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Eleates" title="Zeno Eleates">Zeno Eleates</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philosophia_classica">Philosophia classica</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia classica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia classica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Circa <a href="/wiki/400_a.C.n." title="400 a.C.n.">400 a.C.n.</a>, disputatio facta est cogitatio de homine. Philosophi, qui creaverunt classicam philosophiam in Europa, fuerunt: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philosophia_hellenistica">Philosophia hellenistica</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia hellenistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia hellenistica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanthes" title="Cleanthes">Cleanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epictetus" title="Epictetus">Epictetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrho_Eleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrrho Eleus">Pyrrho Eleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonismus" title="Neoplatonismus">Neoplatonismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Citieus" title="Zeno Citieus">Zeno Citieus</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roma">Roma</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Recensere partem: Roma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Roma"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romani eandem ferme viam rationemque philosophandi, i.e. sapientiam adfectandi, secuti sunt ac Graeci. Praeclari philosophi erant: </p> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoicismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoicismus">Stoicismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Augustinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurelius Augustinus">Aurelius Augustinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Lucretius_Carus" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Lucretius Carus">Titus Lucretius Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philodemus" title="Philodemus">Philodemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minucius_Felix" title="Minucius Felix">Minucius Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severinus_Boethius" class="mw-redirect" title="Severinus Boethius">Severinus Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Victorinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marius Victorinus">Marius Victorinus</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mediaevalis_philosophia">Mediaevalis philosophia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Recensere partem: Mediaevalis philosophia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Mediaevalis philosophia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:St-thomas-aquinas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/St-thomas-aquinas.jpg/175px-St-thomas-aquinas.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/St-thomas-aquinas.jpg/263px-St-thomas-aquinas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/St-thomas-aquinas.jpg/350px-St-thomas-aquinas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Sanctus Thomas Aquinas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anselmus_Cantuariensis" title="Anselmus Cantuariensis">Anselmus Cantuariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, Doctor Angelicus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Abaelardus" title="Petrus Abaelardus">Petrus Abaelardus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulola_Moarrensis" title="Abulola Moarrensis">Abulola Moarrensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardus_Claraevallensis" title="Bernardus Claraevallensis">Bernardus Claraevallensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boethius_Dacii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boethius Dacii (non est haec pagina)">Boethius Dacii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Damianus" title="Petrus Damianus">Petrus Damiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertus_Grosseteste" title="Robertus Grosseteste">Robertus Capito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertus_Grosseteste" title="Robertus Grosseteste">Robertus Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a> Doctor Universalis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogerius_Baco" title="Rogerius Baco">Rogerius Baco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventura" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonaventura">Bonaventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Lombardus" title="Petrus Lombardus">Petrus Lombardus</a>, Magister Sententiarum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundus_Lullius" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimundus Lullius">Raimundus Lullius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckhartus_de_Hochheim" title="Eckhartus de Hochheim">Eckhartus de Hochheim</a>, Doctor Seraphicus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Duns_Scotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioannes Duns Scotus">Ioannes Duns Scotus</a>, Doctor Subtilis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillelmus_de_Ockham" title="Guillelmus de Ockham">Guillelmus de Ockham</a>, Doctor Incincibilis</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_a_Ripa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes a Ripa (non est haec pagina)">Ioannes a Ripa</a>, Doctor Subtilissimus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Petrarcha" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscus Petrarcha">Franciscus Petrarcha</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_Temporis_Renatarum_Artium">Philosophia Temporis Renatarum Artium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Temporis Renatarum Artium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Temporis Renatarum Artium"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Duomo_di_firenze,_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_(XIX_secolo).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Duomo_di_firenze%2C_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_%28XIX_secolo%29.JPG/200px-Duomo_di_firenze%2C_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_%28XIX_secolo%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Duomo_di_firenze%2C_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_%28XIX_secolo%29.JPG/300px-Duomo_di_firenze%2C_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_%28XIX_secolo%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Duomo_di_firenze%2C_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_%28XIX_secolo%29.JPG/400px-Duomo_di_firenze%2C_Busto_di_Marsilio_Ficino_%28XIX_secolo%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_Ficinus" title="Marsilius Ficinus">Marsilius Ficinus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphus_Agricola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodolphus Agricola">Rodolphus Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Althusius" class="mw-redirect" title="Iohannes Althusius">Iohannes Althusius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Bodinus" title="Ioannes Bodinus">Ioannes Bodinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Bovillus" title="Carolus Bovillus">Carolus Bovillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iordanus_Brunus" title="Iordanus Brunus">Iordanus Brunus</a> Nolanus, Frater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Campanella" title="Thomas Campanella">Thomas Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renatus_Cartesius" title="Renatus Cartesius">Renatus Cartesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Cusanus" title="Nicolaus Cusanus">Nicolaus Cusanus</a> Cardinalis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_Ficinus" title="Marsilius Ficinus">Marsilius Ficinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Gassendus" title="Petrus Gassendus">Petrus Gassendus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Picus_de_Mirandola" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioannes Picus de Mirandola">Ioannes Picus de Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_Patritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus Patritius (non est haec pagina)">Franciscus Patritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pufendorf" title="Samuel Pufendorf">Samuel Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ramus" title="Petrus Ramus">Petrus Ramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_de_Spinoza" title="Benedictus de Spinoza">Benedictus de Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faber_Stapulensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faber Stapulensis (non est haec pagina)">Faber Stapulensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus Suarez (non est haec pagina)">Franciscus Suarez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_de_Victoria_Nova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus de Victoria Nova (non est haec pagina)">Franciscus de Victoria Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominicus_de_Soto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominicus de Soto (non est haec pagina)">Dominicus de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardinus_Telesius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardinus Telesius (non est haec pagina)">Bernardinus Telesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Valla" title="Laurentius Valla">Laurentius Valla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Ludovicus_Vives" title="Ioannes Ludovicus Vives">Ioannes Ludovicus Vives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedictus_Pereira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benedictus Pereira (non est haec pagina)">Benedictus Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Pomponatius" title="Petrus Pomponatius">Petrus Pomponatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinus_Steuchus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinus Steuchus (non est haec pagina)">Augustinus Steuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodoros_Gazes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodoros Gazes (non est haec pagina)">Theodoros Gazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilius_Bessario" title="Basilius Bessario">Basilius Bessario</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donatus_Giannotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donatus Giannotti (non est haec pagina)">Donatus Giannotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Locke" class="mw-redirect" title="Iohannes Locke">Iohannes Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godefridus_Guilielmus_Leibnitius" title="Godefridus Guilielmus Leibnitius">Godefridus Guilielmus Leibnitius</a></li></ul> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg/175px-Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg/263px-Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg/350px-Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iordanus_Brunus" title="Iordanus Brunus">Iordanus Brunus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hodierna_philosophia">Hodierna philosophia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Recensere partem: Hodierna philosophia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Hodierna philosophia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:JohnLocke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/175px-JohnLocke.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/263px-JohnLocke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/350px-JohnLocke.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Lockius" title="Ioannes Lockius">Ioannes Lockius</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/175px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/263px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/350px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Renatus_Cartesius" title="Renatus Cartesius">Renatus Cartesius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Hals" title="Franciscus Hals">Franciscus Hals</a> pinxit).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/175px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/263px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/350px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Stuart_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Iohannes Stuart Mill">Iohannes Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridericus_Nietzsche" title="Fridericus Nietzsche">Fridericus Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgius_Wilhelmus_Fridericus_Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgius Wilhelmus Fridericus Hegel">Georgius Wilhelmus Fridericus Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Fichtius" class="mw-redirect" title="Iohannes Fichtius">Iohannes Fichtius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kantius" title="Immanuel Kantius">Immanuel Kantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Popper" title="Carolus Popper">Carolus Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balduinus_de_Bodinat" title="Balduinus de Bodinat">Balduinus de Bodinat</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophia_pessimismi">Philosophia <a href="/wiki/Pessimismus" title="Pessimismus">pessimismi</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia pessimismi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia pessimismi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthurus_Schopenhauer" title="Arthurus Schopenhauer">Arthurus Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridericus_Nietzsche" title="Fridericus Nietzsche">Fridericus Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilius_Michael_Cioran" title="Aemilius Michael Cioran">Aemilius Michael Cioran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benatar" title="David Benatar">David Benatar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophia_Institiae_Socialiae">Philosophia Institiae Socialiae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Institiae Socialiae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Institiae Socialiae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simona_Weil" title="Simona Weil">Simona Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Rawls" title="Iohannes Rawls">Iohannes Rawls</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_neo-Aristoteliana">Philosophia neo-Aristoteliana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia neo-Aristoteliana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia neo-Aristoteliana"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrius_Binswanger" title="Harrius Binswanger">Harrius Binswanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Bernstein" title="Andreas Bernstein">Andreas Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardus_Peikoff" title="Leonardus Peikoff">Leonardus Peikoff</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_analytica">Philosophia analytica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia analytica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia analytica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludovicus_Wittgenstein" title="Ludovicus Wittgenstein">Ludovicus Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Frege" title="Gottlob Frege">Gottlob Frege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Kotarbinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadeusz Kotarbinski">Tadeusz Kotarbinski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredus_Tarski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredus Tarski (non est haec pagina)">Alfredus Tarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgius_Henricus_von_Wright" title="Georgius Henricus von Wright">Georgius Henricus von Wright</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philosophia_marxistica">Philosophia <a href="/wiki/Marxismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxismus">marxistica</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia marxistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia marxistica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Marx" title="Carolus Marx">Carolus Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridericus_Engels" title="Fridericus Engels">Fridericus Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovicus_Althusser" title="Ludovicus Althusser">Ludovicus Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgius_Lukacs" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgius Lukacs">Georgius Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirus_Lenin" title="Vladimirus Lenin">Vladimirus Lenin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philosophia_existentialistica">Philosophia <a href="/wiki/Existentialista" class="mw-redirect" title="Existentialista">existentialistica</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia existentialistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia existentialistica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severinus_Kierkegaard" title="Severinus Kierkegaard">Severinus Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Paulus_Sartre" title="Ioannes Paulus Sartre">Ioannes Paulus Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Camus" title="Albertus Camus">Albertus Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Theodorus_Jaspers" title="Carolus Theodorus Jaspers">Carolus Theodorus Jaspers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philosophia_post-moderna">Philosophia post-moderna</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia post-moderna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia post-moderna"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iacobus_Derrida" title="Iacobus Derrida">Iacobus Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foucault" title="Michael Foucault">Michael Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Deleuze" title="Aegidius Deleuze">Aegidius Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismundus_Bauman" title="Sigismundus Bauman">Sigismundus Bauman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philosophia_phaenomenologica">Philosophia phaenomenologica</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia phaenomenologica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia phaenomenologica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmundus_Husserl" title="Edmundus Husserl">Edmundus Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Heidegger" title="Martinus Heidegger">Martinus Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_L%C3%A9vinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel Lévinas">Emmanuel Lévinas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_Lipps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes Lipps (non est haec pagina)">Ioannes Lipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_Scheler" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximus Scheler">Maximus Scheler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editha_Stein" title="Editha Stein">Editha Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioanna_Arendt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioanna Arendt">Ioanna Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Paulus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Iohannes Paulus II">Iohannes Paulus II</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hermeneutica">Hermeneutica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Recensere partem: Hermeneutica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Hermeneutica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Georgius_Gadamer" title="Ioannes Georgius Gadamer">Ioannes Georgius Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Ricoeur" title="Paulus Ricoeur">Paulus Ricoeur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonius_Gerards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonius Gerards (non est haec pagina)">Antonius Gerards</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophia_Sinica">Philosophia Sinica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Sinica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Sinica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_Confuciana">Philosophia Confuciana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Confuciana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Confuciana"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuluus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuluus (non est haec pagina)">Zuluus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenyuenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenyuenius (non est haec pagina)">Yenyuenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xun Zi (non est haec pagina)">Xun Zi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_Daoistica">Philosophia Daoistica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Daoistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Daoistica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laocius" title="Laocius">Laocius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancius" title="Sancius">Sancius</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_Mociana">Philosophia Mociana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Mociana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Mociana"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mocius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mocius (non est haec pagina)">Mocius</a> seu Micius</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aliae_doctrinae">Aliae doctrinae</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Recensere partem: Aliae doctrinae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Aliae doctrinae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlungus" title="Sunlungus">Sunlungus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieupugueius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieupugueius (non est haec pagina)">Lieupugueius</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophia_Indica">Philosophia Indica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Indica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Indica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_Brahmanica">Philosophia Brahmanica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Brahmanica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Brahmanica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81nuja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rāmānuja (non est haec pagina)">Rāmānuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80di_%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85kara" title="Ādi Śaṅkara">Ādi Śaṅkara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophia_Buddhica">Philosophia Buddhica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Recensere partem: Philosophia Buddhica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophia Buddhica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butta" title="Butta">Butta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna" title="Nāgārjuna">Nāgārjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80ryadeva" title="Āryadeva">Āryadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artes_liberales" title="Artes liberales">Artes liberales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dies_mundi_philosophiae" title="Dies mundi philosophiae">Dies mundi philosophiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logica_philosophica" title="Logica philosophica">Logica philosophica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphilosophia" title="Metaphilosophia">Metaphilosophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnia" title="Omnia">Omnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_coloris" title="Philosophia coloris">Philosophia coloris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_continentalis" title="Philosophia continentalis">Philosophia continentalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_mathematicae" title="Philosophia mathematicae">Philosophia mathematicae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhiloSOPHIA_(periodicum)" title="PhiloSOPHIA (periodicum)">PhiloSOPHIA (periodicum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_recens" title="Philosophia recens">Philosophia recens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_religionis" title="Philosophia religionis">Philosophia religionis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_religiosa" title="Philosophia religiosa">Philosophia religiosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_scientiae" title="Philosophia scientiae">Philosophia scientiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatismus" title="Pragmatismus">Pragmatismus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Baco" title="Franciscus Baco">Franciscus Baco</a>, <i>De dignitate.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bullock, Alan, R. B. Woodings, et John Cumming, eds. (<a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>), <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. <i>The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thinkers.</i> Fontana Originals. Hammersmith Angliae.: Fontana Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780006369653" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780006369653</a>.</li> <li>Bullock, Alan, et Oliver Stallybrass, eds. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>. <i>The Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought.</i> Novi Eboraci: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780060105785" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780060105785</a>.</li> <li>Julia, Didier. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. <i>Dictionnaire de la philosophie.</i> Responsable éditorial, Emmanuel de Waresquiel; secretariat de rédaction, Joelle Narjollet. Lutetiae: Larousse. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9782035833099" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9782035833099</a>.</li> <li>Reese, W. L. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>. <i>Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion: Eastern and Western Thought.</i> Atlantic Highlands Novae Caesareae: Humanities Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780391006881" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780391006881</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Praefationes">Praefationes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Recensere partem: Praefationes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Praefationes"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Appiah, Kwame Anthony. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. <i>Thinking it Through: An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780195134582" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195134582</a>.</li> <li>Blumenau, Ralph. <i>Philosophy and Living.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780907845331" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780907845331</a>.</li> <li>Craig, Edward. <i>Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780192854216" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780192854216</a>.</li> <li>Curley, Edwin. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>. <i>A Spinoza Reader.</i> Princeton. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780691000671" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780691000671</a>.</li> <li>Durant, Will. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>. <i>Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the World's Greatest Philosophers.</i> Pocket. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780671739164" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780671739164</a>.</li> <li>Harrison-Barbet, Anthony. <i>Mastering Philosophy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780333693438" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780333693438</a>.</li> <li>Higgins, Kathleen M., et Robert C. Solomon. <i>A Short History of Philosophy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780195101966" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195101966</a>.</li> <li><i>Philosophy Now.</i> Magazina.</li> <li>Rochelle, Gerald. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.practicalphilosophy.org.uk"><i>Doing Philosophy.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9781780460048" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781780460048</a>.</li> <li>Russell, Bertrand. <i>The Problems of Philosophy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780195115529" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195115529</a>.</li> <li>Sinclair, Alistair J. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. <i>What is Philosophy? An Introduction.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9781903765944" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781903765944</a>.</li> <li>Sober, Elliott. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>. <i>Core Questions in Philosophy: A Text with Readings.</i> Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780131898691" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780131898691</a>.</li> <li>Solomon, Robert C. <i>Big Questions: A Short Introduction to Philosophy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780534167080" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780534167080</a>.</li> <li>Warburton, Nigel. <i>Philosophy: The Basics.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780415146944" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780415146944</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Res">Res</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Recensere partem: Res" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Res"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Copleston, Frederick. <i>Philosophy in Russia: From Herzen to Lenin and Berdyaev.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780268015695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780268015695</a>.</li> <li>Critchley, Simon. <i>Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780192853592" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780192853592</a>.</li> <li>Hamilton, Sue. <i>Indian Philosophy: a Very Short Introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780192853745" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780192853745</a>.</li> <li>Harwood, Sterling, ed. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. <i>Business as Ethical and Business as Usual.</i> Belmont Californiae: Wadsworth Publishing Co.</li> <li>Imbo, Samuel Oluoch. <i>An Introduction to African Philosophy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780847688418" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780847688418</a>.</li> <li>Knight, Kelvin. <i>Aristotelian Philosophy: Ethics and Politics from Aristotle to MacIntyre</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780745619774" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780745619774</a>.</li> <li>Kupperman, Joel J. <i>Classic Asian Philosophy: A Guide to the Essential Texts</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780195133356" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195133356</a>.</li> <li>Leaman, Oliver. <i>A Brief Introduction to Islamic Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780745619606" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780745619606</a>.</li> <li>Lee, Joe and Powell, Jim. <i>Eastern Philosophy For Beginners</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780863162824" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780863162824</a>.</li> <li>Nagel, Thomas. <i>What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780195052923" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195052923</a>.</li> <li>Scruton, Roger. <i>A Short History of Modern Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780415267632" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780415267632</a>.</li> <li>Smart, Ninian. <i>World Philosophies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780415228527" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780415228527</a>.</li> <li>Tarnas, Richard. <i>The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas That Have Shaped Our World View</i>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780345368096" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780345368096</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthologiae">Anthologiae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Recensere partem: Anthologiae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Anthologiae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Classics of Philosophy (Vols. 1 & 2, 2nd edition),</i> ed. Louis P. Pojman</li> <li><i>Classics of Philosophy: The 20th Century (Vol. 3),</i> ed. Louis P. Pojman</li> <li><i>The English Philosophers from Bacon to Mill,</i> ed. Edwin Arthur</li> <li><i>European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche,</i> ed. Monroe Beardsley</li> <li><i>Contemporary Analytic Philosophy: Core Readings,</i> ed. James Baillie</li> <li><i>Existentialism: Basic Writings,</i> ed. 2a., ed. Charles Guignon, Derk Pereboom</li> <li><i>The Phenomenology Reader</i> ed. Dermot Moran, Timothy Mooney</li> <li><i>Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings,</i> ed. Muhammad Ali Khalidi</li> <li><i>A Source Book in Indian Philosophy,</i> ed. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Charles A. Moore</li> <li><i>A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy,</i> ed. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wing-tsit_Chan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wing-tsit Chan (non est haec pagina)">Wing-tsit Chan</a></li> <li>Kim, J., et Ernest Sosa, ed. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <i>Metaphysics: An Anthology.</i> Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.</li> <li><i>The Oxford Handbook of Free Will</i> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. Ed. Robert Kane</li> <li>Husserl, Edmund, et Donn Welton. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <i>The Essential Husserl: Basic Writings in Transcendental Phenomenology.</i> Bloomingtoniae: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780253212733" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780253212733</a>.</li> <li>Cottingham, John. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. <i>Western Philosophy: An Anthology.</i> Ed. secunda. Malden Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_referentiae">Opera referentiae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Recensere partem: Opera referentiae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Opera referentiae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Chan, Wing-tsit (<a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.hk/books/about/A_Source_Book_in_Chinese_Philosophy.html?id=dzmMaVTvUzAC"><i>A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0691019649" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0691019649">0691019649</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Huang, Siu-chi (<a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.hk/books/about/Essentials_of_Neo_Confucianism.html?id=sjzPPg8eK7sC"><i>Essentials of Neo-Confucianism: Eight Major Philosophers of the Song and Ming Periods</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/031326449X" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/031326449X">031326449X</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><i>The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i> ed. Ted Honderich</li> <li><i>The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy</i> a Robert Audi</li> <li><i>The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (10 vols.) ed. Edward Craig, Luciano Floridi</li> <li><i>The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> ed. Edward Craig. Imminutio.</li> <li><i>Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (8 vol.), ed. Paulo Edwards.</li> <li><i>International Directory of Philosophy and Philosophers.</i> Charlottesville: Philosophy Documentation Center.</li> <li><i>Directory of American Philosophers.</i> Charlottesville: Philosophy Documentation Center.</li> <li><i>Routledge History of Philosophy</i> (10 vol.) ed. John Marenbon</li> <li><i>History of Philosophy</i> (9 vol.) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Copleston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Copleston (non est haec pagina)">Frederick Copleston</a></li> <li><i>A History of Western Philosophy</i> (5 vols.) a W. T. Jones</li> <li><i>History of Italian Philosophy</i> (2 vol.) a Eugenio Garin.</li> <li><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophies</i> (8 vol.), edited by Karl H. Potter et al. (first 6 volumes out of print)</li> <li><i>Indian Philosophy</i> (2 vol.) ed. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</li> <li><i>A History of Indian Philosophy</i> (5 vol.) ed. Surendranath Dasgupta</li> <li><i>History of Chinese Philosophy</i> (2 vol.) ed. Fung Yu-lan, Derk Bodde</li> <li><i>Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-ming</i> ed. Chan, Wing-tsit</li> <li><i>Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy</i> ed. Antonio S. Cua</li> <li><i>Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion</i> ed. Ingrid Fischer-Schreiber, Franz-Karl Ehrhard, Kurt Friedrichs</li> <li><i>Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy</i> ed. Brian Carr, Indira Mahalingam</li> <li><i>A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English</i> ed. John A. Grimes</li> <li><i>History of Islamic Philosophy</i> ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Oliver Leaman</li> <li><i>History of Jewish Philosophy</i> ed. Daniel H. Frank, Oliver Leaman</li> <li><i>A History of Russian Philosophy: From the Tenth to the Twentieth Centuries</i> a Valerii Aleksandrovich Kuvakin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Addita">Addita</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Recensere partem: Addita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Addita"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ayer, A. J., et al., ed. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Philosophical Quotations.</i> Blackwell Reference Oxford. Oxoniae: Basil Blackwell Ltd.</li> <li>Blackburn, S., ed. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy.</i> Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Angeles, P. A., ed. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. <i>The Harper Collins Dictionary of Philosophy.</i> Novi Eboraci: Harper Perennial.</li> <li>Bunnin, N., et al., ed. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. <i>The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy.</i> Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Oxoniae: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.</li> <li>Hoffman, Eric, ed. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. <i>Guidebook for Publishing Philosophy.</i> Charlottesville: Philosophy Documentation Center.</li> <li>Mauter, T., ed. <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy.</i> Londinii: Penguin Books.</li> <li>Popkin, R. H. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <i>The Columbia History of Western Philosophy.</i> Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.</li> <li>Runes, D., ed. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ditext.com/runes/"><i>The Dictionary of Philosophy</i></a>. Novi Eboraci: The Philosophical Library, Inc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Biblioth%C3%A8que_philosophique">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080715055337/http://www.scholasticon.fr/">Scholasticon bibliotheca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/index.html">Corpus scriptorum latinorum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulb.ac.be/philo/scholasticon/bibliotheca.html">Scholasticon bibliotheca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/index.html">Corpus scriptorum latinorum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040822075255/http://www.ac-amiens.fr/philosophie/liens.htm">Philosophia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027230958/http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/">Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filosofia.org/">Situs Hispanicus philosophiae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050829165702/http://www.univ-lyon3.fr/philo/index.htm">Situs Universitatis Jean Moulin Lugduni 3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-grenoble.fr/PhiloSophie/">Academie Grannopolis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yrub.com">Atrium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-nice.fr/philo/textes/biblio.htm">Bibliotheca philosophiae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulb.ac.be/philo/scholasticon/bibliotheca.html">Bibliotheca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheisme.free.fr/Biographies/">Biographiae et citationes philosophorum et scriptores athei</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3854889">.mw-parser-output div.capsanav{margin:1.5em auto;border:1px solid #d2d4d8;font-size:95%;clear:both;border-radius:1em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.03);padding:.25em .8em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-titulus{font-weight:bold;font-size:100%;background-color:rgba(13,0,186,.073);padding:.1em .75em;margin:0 -.55em;border-radius:1em}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-contenta{padding:.5em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-vas{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-imago{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px;width:auto}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-tabella,.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-prima{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella th{width:auto;white-space:nowrap;padding:.1em .45em .1em .25em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.073)}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella td{width:100%;padding:.1em .25em .1em .45em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:first-of-type>th{border-radius:1em 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:last-of-type>th{border-radius:0 0 1em 1em}</style><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Scientiae humanae</div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeologia" title="Archaeologia">Archaeologia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Civilitas" title="Civilitas">Civilitas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geographia" title="Geographia">Geographia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">Historia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius">Ius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Linguistica" title="Linguistica">Linguistica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oeconomia" title="Oeconomia">Oeconomia</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philosophia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Psychologia" title="Psychologia">Psychologia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">Sociologia</a> </p> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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