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import</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: export and import"> <meta name="keywords" content="export and import"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="export and import"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 381</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: export and import</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> Effects of International Trade on Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanimola%20Kazeem%20Abiodun">Tanimola Kazeem Abiodun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the paper, attempt was made to investigate the impact of international trade on economic growth at the disaggregate level both from the theoretical and economic angle. The study in its contribution examines this impact at the disaggregated level. To this end, a hypothesis was formulated to investigate the short ?run and long run impact of international trade on growth in the country. In the econometrics investigation that follow, international trade was disaggregated to export and imports and their short run and long run effect on growth was examined. Also, the aggregate international trade was also investigated to see the long run effects of its own growth. The results of the findings indicate that; both export and import impact significantly to growth in the short run. The long-run impact of export on growth was found to be positive, significant and stable both. Engle-Granger co integration test and error correlation mechanism were applied to these long run relationships. For the import, while the short run was found to be positive and significant on its impact on growth, the long run relationship was found to be negative but not significant. Therefore, it is thus recommended among others that the country should engage more on export promotion drives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20trade" title="international trade">international trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaggregated" title=" disaggregated"> disaggregated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import" title=" import"> import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=econometrics" title=" econometrics"> econometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade" title=" trade"> trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20trade" title=" foreign trade"> foreign trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import" title=" import"> import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export "> export </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14170/effects-of-international-trade-on-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> Trends of Agri-Food Production and Export Stimulating Economic Policy in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kharaishvili">E. Kharaishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Erkomaishvili"> G. Erkomaishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chavleishvili"> M. Chavleishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper evaluates the natural and resource potential of agriculture, a traditional sector for Georgia. It is concluded that despite favorable conditions the rate of development of the sector is lower compared to other sectors of the economy, self-sufficiency rate for locally produced agricultural products is low; on average, import of food is 4 times higher compared to export, and the country faces considerable challenges in this regard. Tendencies of self-sufficiency rates are studied, and it is concluded that the indicators of export and import of agro-food products increase in accordance with the tendency of increasing production in agricultural sector. The paper substantiates stimulating impact of international trade on agricultural development. Two alternative strategies are assessed in this respect: 1) export stimulation, and 2) import replacement strategies. It is concluded that significant tendencies are observed in agro-food sector of Georgia; in particular, productivity is low; import volume significantly exceeds the export volume. It is considered that the growth of export will allow Georgia to overcome limited opportunities of local market and encourage increasing competitiveness. Various tools of economic policy are suggested for achieving these goals; in particular to subsidize export, optimize trade barriers, manage exchange rates effectively, offer special financial services, provide insurance for export, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agro-food%20sector" title="agro-food sector">agro-food sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20of%20production" title=" trend of production"> trend of production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20stimulation" title=" export stimulation"> export stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20policy" title=" economic policy"> economic policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100502/trends-of-agri-food-production-and-export-stimulating-economic-policy-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Bilateral Trade in Goods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Tay">Christina Tay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on bilateral trade in goods. Empirical analysis is performed on the United States and 34 partnering countries from 2000 to 2013. Our econometric model fits the data well, explaining 52% of the variation in trade flows for goods trade, 53.2% of the variation in trade flows for goods export and 48% of the variation in trade flows for goods import. For every 10% increase in fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 people increases, goods trade by 7.9% and for every 5% increase in fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 people, goods export increases by 11%. For every 1% increase in fixed telephone line penetration per 100 people, goods trade increases by 26.3%, goods export increases by 24.4% and goods import increases by 24.8%. For every 1% increase in mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, goods trade decreases by 29.6% and goods export decreases by 27.1%, whilst for every 0.01% increase in mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, goods import decreases by 34.3%. For every 1% increase in the percentage of population who used the Internet from any location in the last 12 months Internet, goods trade increases by 32.5%, goods export increases by 38.9%, goods import increases by 33%. All our trade determinants as well as our ICT variables have significances on goods exports for the US. We can also draw from our study that the US relies more rather heavily on ICT for its goods export compared to goods import. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20trade" title="bilateral trade">bilateral trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20broadband" title=" fixed broadband"> fixed broadband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20telephone" title=" fixed telephone"> fixed telephone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goods%20trade" title=" goods trade"> goods trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communicative%20technologies" title=" information and communicative technologies"> information and communicative technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet" title=" Internet"> Internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile-cellular%20phone" title=" mobile-cellular phone"> mobile-cellular phone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65672/the-impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-bilateral-trade-in-goods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">378</span> Export and Import Indicators of Georgian Agri-food Products during the Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eteri%20Kharaishvili">Eteri Kharaishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction. The paper analyzes the main indicators of export and import of Georgian agri-food products; identifies positive and negative trends under the pandemic; based on the revealed problemssubstantiates the need formodernization ofin agri-food sector. It is argued that low production and productivity rates of food products negatively impact achieving the optimal export-to-import ratio; therefore, it leads toincreaseddependence on other countries andreduces the level of food security. Research objectives. The objective of the research is to identify the key challenges based on the analysis of export-import indicators of Georgian food products during the pandemic period and develop recommendations on the possibilities of post-pandemic perspectives. Research methods. Various theoretical and methodological research tools are used in the paper; in particular, a desk research is carried out on the research topic; endogenous and exogenous variables affecting export and import are determined through factor analysis; SWOT and PESTEL analysis are used to identify development opportunities; selection and groupingof data, identification of similarities and differences is carried outby using analysis, synthesis, sampling, induction and other methods; a qualitative study is conducted based on a survey of agri-food experts and exporters for clarifying the factors that impede export-import flows. Contributions. The factors that impede the export of Georgian agri-food products in the short run under COVID-19 pandemic are identified. These are: reduced income of farmers, delays in the supply of raw materials and supplies to the agri-food sectorfrom the neighboring industries, as well as in harvesting, processing, marketing, transportation, and other sectors; increased indirect costs, etc. The factors that impede the export in the long run areas follows loss of public confidence in the industry, risk of losing positions in traditional markets, etc. Conclusions are made on the problems in the field of export and import of Georgian agri-food products in terms of the pandemic; development opportunities are evaluated based on the analysis of the agri-food sector potential. Recommendations on the development opportunities for export and import of Georgian agri-food products in the post-pandemic period are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agri-food%20products" title="agri-food products">agri-food products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20import" title=" and import"> and import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic%20period" title=" pandemic period"> pandemic period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hindering%20factor" title=" hindering factor"> hindering factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20potential" title=" development potential"> development potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145028/export-and-import-indicators-of-georgian-agri-food-products-during-the-pandemic-challenges-and-opportunities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">377</span> Analysis of the Impacts of Capital Goods' Import and Human Capital on the Economic Growth of the Sub Sahahra Africa: A Panel-ARDL Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeleke%20Omolade">Adeleke Omolade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the impacts of capital goods' import and human capital on the economic growth of the Sub Sahahra Africa (SSA). 30 countries were used in the Panel- ARDL analysis where economic growth is the dependent variables and capital goods' import, human capital, primary export, investment exchange rate, among others were used as the independent variables. The result from the panel analysis indicates that capital goods' import will significantly and positively influence economic growth but human capital fails to have significant positive impact on economic growth of the SSA. Earlier the trend analysis and the correlation results have shown that there is a weak association between capital goods' import and human capital in the SSA. The results offer an expository analysis that reveals that the quality of the human capital is very germane to the effective utilization of capital goods' import for the purpose of growth in a primary goods' export dominated region like the SSA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20goods%20import" title="capital goods import">capital goods import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Sahara%20Africa" title=" Sub-Sahara Africa"> Sub-Sahara Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82429/analysis-of-the-impacts-of-capital-goods-import-and-human-capital-on-the-economic-growth-of-the-sub-sahahra-africa-a-panel-ardl-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">376</span> Consumer Market for Georgian Hazelnut and the Strategy to Improve Its Competitiveness </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chavleishvili">M. Chavleishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the trends of Georgian hazelnut market development and analyses the competitive advantages which will help Georgia to enter international hazelnut market using modern technologies. The history of hazelnut crop development and hazelnut species in Georgia are discussed. For hazelnut supply analysis trends in hazelnut production are considered, trends in export and import development is evaluated, domestic hazelnut market is studied and analysed based on expert interviews and initial accounting materials. In order to achieve and strengthen its position in international market, potential advantages and disadvantages of Georgian hazelnut are revealed, analysis of export and import possibilities of hazelnut is presented. Recommendations are developed based on the conclusions, which are made through identifying the key factors that hinder development of Georgian hazelnut market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazelnut%20market" title="hazelnut market">hazelnut market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazelnut%20export%20and%20import" title=" hazelnut export and import"> hazelnut export and import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness%20of%20hazelnut" title=" competitiveness of hazelnut"> competitiveness of hazelnut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26659/consumer-market-for-georgian-hazelnut-and-the-strategy-to-improve-its-competitiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">375</span> The Impacts of Civil War on Import and Export in Ethiopia: A Case Study of the Tigray Region Conflict</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simegn%20Alemayehu%20Ayele">Simegn Alemayehu Ayele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract: On November 4, 2020, the Ethiopian government launched a military operation against the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in Ethiopia's Tigray Province, sparking the beginning of the Tigray War. This study focuses on the most recent Tigray War as it explores the effects of the civil war on Ethiopia's import and export activity. This study examines the consequences of violence on Ethiopia's trade relations, including its trading partners, export volume, and import requirements, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. The research outcome showed that Ethiopia's trade activities have suffered significantly as a result of the Tigray conflict, with both imports and exports declining. Particularly, the violence has hampered logistics and transportation networks, which has reduced the number of products exported and imported. Furthermore, the conflict has weakened Ethiopia's trading relationships and reduced demand for Ethiopian commodities. The survey also reveals that some of Ethiopia's major trade routes have been closed as a result of the conflict, severely restricting trade activities. These findings underline the necessity for political stability and conflict resolution procedures to support the nation's import and export activity by indicating that civil war has substantial repercussions for Ethiopia's economic development and trade activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import%20demands" title="import demands">import demands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20networks" title=" logistic networks"> logistic networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20partiners" title=" trade partiners"> trade partiners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20relatinships" title=" trade relatinships"> trade relatinships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165577/the-impacts-of-civil-war-on-import-and-export-in-ethiopia-a-case-study-of-the-tigray-region-conflict" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">374</span> Determining the Direction of Causality between Creating Innovation and Technology Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liubov%20Evstigneeva">Liubov Evstigneeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper an attempt is made to establish causal nexuses between innovation and international trade in Russia. The topicality of this issue is determined by the necessity of choosing policy instruments for economic modernization and transition to innovative development. The vector auto regression (VAR) model and Granger test are applied for the Russian monthly data from 2005 until the second quartile of 2015. Both lagged import and export at the national level cause innovation, the latter starts to stimulate foreign trade since it is a remote lag. In comparison to aggregate data, the results by patent’s categories are more diverse. Importing technologies from foreign countries stimulates patent activity, while innovations created in Russia are only Granger causality for import to Commonwealth of Independent States. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title="export">export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import" title=" import"> import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patents" title=" patents"> patents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59581/determining-the-direction-of-causality-between-creating-innovation-and-technology-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">373</span> The Impact of International Student Mobility on Trade and Gross Domestic Product: The Case of China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Khan">Yasir Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continued growth in international students coming to China for higher education had a significant positive impact on trade and GDP in China. Student mobility may expend trade with their country of origin, owing to superior knowledge, or preferential access to market opportunities. We test this hypothesis using Chinese trade data from 1999 to 2017. In fully-modify (OLS) and dynamic (OLS) testing estimation, we find that a 1.24 percent increase in student inward mobility is associated with a 1 percent increase in Chinese export trade. On the other hand, we find that a 1.18 percent increase in the student inward mobility to China is associated with a 1 percent increase in import trade. In addition, we find that a 1.13 percent increase in international student inward mobility is associated with a 1 percent increase in the GDP. The outcome suggests that international students have a strong influence on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exports and imports trade. However, the study holds that the government should attach great attachment and importance to the role of international students in the export and import trade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20student%20mobility" title="international student mobility">international student mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import" title=" import"> import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title=" GDP"> GDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FMOLS" title=" FMOLS"> FMOLS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOLS" title=" DOLS"> DOLS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101280/the-impact-of-international-student-mobility-on-trade-and-gross-domestic-product-the-case-of-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">372</span> Determinants of Extra Charges for Container Shipments: A Case Study of Nexus Zone Logistics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zety%20Shakila%20Binti%20Mohd%20Yusof">Zety Shakila Binti Mohd Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Adib%20Bin%20Ishak"> Muhammad Adib Bin Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajah%20Fatimah%20Binti%20Hussein"> Hajah Fatimah Binti Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The international shipping business is related to numerous controls or regulations of export and import shipments. It is costly and time consuming, and when something goes wrong or when the buyer or seller fails to comply with the regulations, it can result in penalties, delays, and unexpected costs etc. For the focus of this study, the researchers have selected a local forwarder that provides forwarding and clearance services, Nexus Zone Logistics. It was identified that this company currently has many extra costs to be paid including local and detention charges, which negatively impacts the flow of income and reduces overall stability. Two variables have been identified as factors of extra charges; loaded containers entering the port by exceeded closing time and late delivery of empty containers to the container yard. This study is a qualitative in nature and the secondary data collected was analyzed using self-administered observation. The findings of this study were covered by one selected case for each export and import shipment between July and December 2014. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis based on tables and graphs. The researcher recommends Nexus Zone Logistics impose a 1% deposit payment per container for each shipment (export and import) to its customers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20shipping" title="international shipping">international shipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20and%20import" title=" export and import"> export and import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detention%20charges" title=" detention charges"> detention charges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20shipment" title=" container shipment"> container shipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64967/determinants-of-extra-charges-for-container-shipments-a-case-study-of-nexus-zone-logistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">371</span> Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area on Ghana: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordon%20Newlove%20Asamoah">Gordon Newlove Asamoah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study’s objective is to determine the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on Ghana using computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling. The trade data for the simulation was drawn from the standard GTAP database version 10. The study estimated the Ad valorem equivalent (AVE) of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) for the Ghanaian sectors which were used for the analysis. Simulations were performed to remove import tariffs and export taxes for 90% of the tariff lines as well as 50% of the NTMs for all the AfCFTA participating countries. The NTMs' reduction was simulated using these two mechanisms: iceberg costs, also known as import augmenting technological change (AMS), and exporter costs (AXS). The study finds that removing the tariffs and NTMs in the AfCFTA regions has a positive impact on Ghana’s GDP, export and import volumes, terms of trade and welfare as measured by the equivalent variations. However, Ghana recorded a deficit of US$4766.69 million as a trade balance due to its high importation bills. This is not by chance, as Ghana is an importer of high-value-added goods but an exporter of basic agricultural raw materials with low export earnings. The study also finds much larger positive impacts for the AfCFTA regions for both importers and exporters when the NTMs that work as iceberg costs and export costs are reduced. It further finds that by reducing the export cost that increases the cost of intermediate inputs, trade among the AfCFTA regions (intra-AfCFTA trade) is enhanced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title="impact">impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AfCFTA" title=" AfCFTA"> AfCFTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NTMs" title=" NTMs"> NTMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CGE" title=" CGE"> CGE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192636/impact-of-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-on-ghana-a-computable-general-equilibrium-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">370</span> The Role of Banks Funding and Promoting the Foreign Trade: Case of Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikail%20Altan">Mikail Altan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International trust takes first place in the development of foreign trade in the country. They see an important role in ensuring that trust. Various payment methods that are developed in the banking system provide fast and reliable way to execution and promote foreign trade by financing the foreign trade. In this study, we investigate the influence of bank on foreign trade in Turkey. 26 years of data for 1990-2015 period have been used in this study. After correlation analysis, a simple regression model was established. Payment methods that are developed in the banking system make a positive contribution in Turkey’s foreign trade volume. In addition, the export of Turkey was affected positively more than import’s by these payment methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title="banks">banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20trade" title=" foreign trade"> foreign trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import" title=" import"> import</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52080/the-role-of-banks-funding-and-promoting-the-foreign-trade-case-of-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">369</span> Consumer Market of Agricultural Products and Agricultural Policy in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Erkomaishvili">G. Erkomaishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kobalava"> M. Kobalava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lazariashvili"> T. Lazariashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saghareishvili"> M. Saghareishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article discusses the consumer market of agricultural products and agricultural policy in Georgia. It is noted that development of the strategic areas of the agricultural sector needs a special support. These strategic areas should create the country's major export potential. It is important to develop strategies to access to the international markets, form extensive marketing network etc., which will become the basis for the promotion and revenue growth of the country. The Georgian agricultural sector, with the right state policy and support, can achieve success and gain access to the world market with competitive agricultural products. The paper discusses the current condition of agriculture, export and import of agricultural products and agricultural policy in Georgia. The conducted research concludes the information that there is an increasing demand on the green goods in the world market. Natural and climatic conditions of Georgia give a serious possibility of implementing it. The research presents an agricultural development strategy in Georgia and the findings and based on them recommendations are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export-import%20of%20agricultural%20products" title=" export-import of agricultural products"> export-import of agricultural products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20cooperative%20society" title=" agricultural cooperative society"> agricultural cooperative society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20policy" title=" agricultural policy"> agricultural policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20insurance" title=" agricultural insurance"> agricultural insurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71831/consumer-market-of-agricultural-products-and-agricultural-policy-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">368</span> U.S. Trade and Trade Balance with China: Testing for Marshall-Lerner Condition and the J-Curve Hypothesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anisul%20Islam">Anisul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The U.S. has a very strong trade relationship with China but with a large and persistent trade deficit. Some has argued that the undervalued Chinese Yuan is to be blamed for the persistent trade deficit. The empirical results are mixed at best. This paper empirically estimates the U.S. export function along with the U.S. import function with its trade with China with the purpose of testing for the existence of the Marshall-Lerner (ML) condition as well for the possible existence of the J-curve hypothesis. Annual export and import data will be utilized for as long as the time series data exists. The export and import functions will be estimated using advanced econometric techniques, along with appropriate diagnostic tests performed to examine the validity and reliability of the estimated results. The annual time-series data covers from 1975 to 2022 with a sample size of 48 years, the longest period ever utilized before in any previous study. The data is collected from several sources, such as the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, IMF Financial Statistics, IMF Direction of Trade Statistics, and several other sources. The paper is expected to shed important light on the ongoing debate regarding the persistent U.S. trade deficit with China and the policies that may be useful to reduce such deficits over time. As such, the paper will be of great interest for the academics, researchers, think tanks, global organizations, and policy makers in both China and the U.S. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exports" title="exports">exports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imports" title=" imports"> imports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marshall-lerner%20condition" title=" marshall-lerner condition"> marshall-lerner condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=j-curve%20hypothesis" title=" j-curve hypothesis"> j-curve hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=united%20states" title=" united states"> united states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china" title=" china"> china</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166764/us-trade-and-trade-balance-with-china-testing-for-marshall-lerner-condition-and-the-j-curve-hypothesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">367</span> The Discriminate Analysis and Relevant Model for Mapping Export Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Gutierez%20Chvalkovska">Jana Gutierez Chvalkovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Mejstrik"> Michal Mejstrik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matej%20Urban"> Matej Urban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are pending discussions over the mapping of country export potential in order to refocus export strategy of firms and its evidence-based promotion by the Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) and other permitted vehicles of governments. In this paper we develop our version of an applied model that offers “stepwise” elimination of unattractive markets. We modify and calibrate the model for the particular features of the Czech Republic and specific pilot cases where we apply an individual approach to each sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20strategy" title="export strategy">export strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20export" title=" modeling export"> modeling export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20promotion" title=" export promotion"> export promotion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15707/the-discriminate-analysis-and-relevant-model-for-mapping-export-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">366</span> Internationalization Strategies and Firm Productivity: Manufacturing Firm-Level Evidence from Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soressa%20Tolcha%20Jarra">Soressa Tolcha Jarra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Looking into firm-level internationalization strategies and their effects on firms' productivity is needed in order to understand the role of firms’ participation in trading activities on the one hand and the effects of firms’ internalization strategies on firm-level productivity on the other. Thus, this study aims to investigate firms' imports of intermediates and export strategies and their impact on firm productivity using an establishment-level panel dataset from Ethiopian manufacturing firms over the period 2011–2020. Methodologically, the joint firm’s decision to import intermediates and estimate exports is undertaken by system GMM using Wooldridge's approach. The translog-production function is used to estimate firm-level productivity by considering a general Markov process. The size of the firm is used in a mediating role. The result indicates evidence of the self-selection of more productive firms into exporting and importing intermediates, which is indicative of sizable export and import market entry costs. Furthermore, there is evidence in favor of learning by exporting (LBE) and learning by importing (LBI) hypotheses for smaller and medium Ethiopian manufacturing firms. However, for large firms, there is only evidence in support of the learning by exporting (LBE) hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20productivity" title=" firm productivity"> firm productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20imports" title=" intermediate imports"> intermediate imports</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188234/internationalization-strategies-and-firm-productivity-manufacturing-firm-level-evidence-from-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">365</span> Impact of E-Commerce Integrated for Export Marketing on Performance of Thai Export Businesses </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peerawat%20Chailom">Peerawat Chailom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pimgarn%20Suwan-Natada"> Pimgarn Suwan-Natada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to examine the effects of e-commerce integrated for export marketing strategy on export advantage and firm performance. This study indicates that e-commerce infrastructure, organizational learning for e-commerce, and internet dissemination were antecedent of e-commerce integrated for export marketing strategy. In additional, export expertise is moderating variable of the research. In this study, 151 export businesses in Thailand are the sample of study. The results of study indicate that e-commerce integrated for export marketing strategy has significant positive influences on export advantage and export performance. Moreover, e-commerce infrastructure, organizational learning for e-commerce, and internet dissemination are have positive effects on e-commerce integrated for export marketing strategy. For moderating effect, export expertise significant influences on the relationships between e-commerce integrated for export marketing strategy and export advantage, and significant influences on the relationships between e-commerce integrated for export marketing strategy and export performance. Theoretical and practical implications are presented. Conclusion and suggestions for future research are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20integrated%20for%20export%20marketing" title="e-commerce integrated for export marketing">e-commerce integrated for export marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20infrastructure" title=" e-commerce infrastructure"> e-commerce infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20learning%20for%20e-commerce" title=" organizational learning for e-commerce"> organizational learning for e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20performance" title=" export performance"> export performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25824/impact-of-e-commerce-integrated-for-export-marketing-on-performance-of-thai-export-businesses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">364</span> Trends and Prospects for the Development of Georgian Wine Market </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kharaishvili">E. Kharaishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chavleishvili"> M. Chavleishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Natsvaladze"> M. Natsvaladze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents the trends in Georgian wine market development and evaluates the competitive advantages of Georgia to enter the wine market based on its customs, traditions and historical practices combined with modern technologies. In order to analyze the supply of wine, dynamics of vineyard land area and grape varieties are discussed, trends in wine production are presented, trends in export and import are evaluated, local wine market, its micro and macro environments are studied and analyzed based on the interviews with experts and analysis of initial recording materials. For strengthening its position on the international market, the level of competitiveness of Georgian wine is defined, which is evaluated by “ex-ante” and “ex-post” methods, as well as by four basic and two additional factors of the Porter’s diamond method; potential advantages and disadvantages of Georgian wine are revealed. Conclusions are made by identifying the factors that hinder the development of Georgian wine market. Based on the conclusions, relevant recommendations are developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgian%20wine%20market" title="Georgian wine market">Georgian wine market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20wine" title=" bio wine"> bio wine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export-import" title=" export-import"> export-import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Porter%27s%20diamond%20model" title=" Porter's diamond model"> Porter's diamond model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13582/trends-and-prospects-for-the-development-of-georgian-wine-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">363</span> Developing Logistics Indices for Turkey as an an Indicator of Economic Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20%C4%B0ntepe">Gizem İntepe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eti%20Mizrahi"> Eti Mizrahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investment and financing decisions are influenced by various economic features. Detailed analysis should be conducted in order to make decisions not only by companies but also by governments. Such analysis can be conducted either at the company level or on a sectoral basis to reduce risks and to maximize profits. Sectoral disaggregation caused by seasonality effects, subventions, data advantages or disadvantages may appear in sectors behaving parallel to BIST (Borsa Istanbul stock exchange) Index. Proposed logistic indices could serve market needs as a decision parameter in sectoral basis and also helps forecasting activities in import export volume changes. Also it is an indicator of logistic activity, which is also a sign of economic mobility at the national level. Publicly available data from “Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications” and “Turkish Statistical Institute” is utilized to obtain five logistics indices namely as; exLogistic, imLogistic, fLogistic, dLogistic and cLogistic index. Then, efficiency and reliability of these indices are tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20activity" title="economic activity">economic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20trade%20data" title=" export trade data"> export trade data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import%20trade%20data" title=" import trade data"> import trade data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20indices" title=" logistics indices"> logistics indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15125/developing-logistics-indices-for-turkey-as-an-an-indicator-of-economic-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">362</span> Decision Quality as an Antecedent to Export Performance. Empirical Evidence under a Contingency Theory Lens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evagelos%20Korobilis-Magas">Evagelos Korobilis-Magas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adekunle%20Oke"> Adekunle Oke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The constantly increasing tendency towards a global economy and the subsequent increase in exporting, as a result, has inevitably led to a growing interest in the topic of export success as well. Numerous studies, particularly in the past three decades, have examined a plethora of determinants to export performance. However, to the authors' best knowledge, no study up to date has ever considered decision quality as a potential antecedent to export success by attempting to test the relationship between decision quality and export performance. This is a surprising deficiency given that the export marketing literature has long ago suggested that quality decisions are regarded as the crucial intervening variable between sound decision–making and export performance. This study integrates the different definitions of decision quality proposed in the literature and the key themes incorporated therein and adapts it to an export context. Apart from laying the conceptual foundations for the delineation of this elusive but very important construct, this study is the first ever to test the relationship between decision quality and export performance. Based on survey data from a sample of 189 British export decision-makers and within a contingency theory framework, the results reveal that there is a direct, positive link between decision quality and export performance. This finding opens significant future research avenues and has very important implications for both theory and practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20performance" title="export performance">export performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20quality" title=" decision quality"> decision quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods" title=" mixed methods"> mixed methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contingency%20theory" title=" contingency theory"> contingency theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156288/decision-quality-as-an-antecedent-to-export-performance-empirical-evidence-under-a-contingency-theory-lens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">361</span> Studying the Impact of Agricultural Producers Support Policy in Export Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yazdani%20Saeed">Yazdani Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiei%20Hamed"> Rafiei Hamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nekoofar%20Farahnaz"> Nekoofar Farahnaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Governments Policies play a major role in national and international Markets. Pistachio is one of the most important non-oil export commodity of Iran. Therefore, in this study the relation between the producer support policies and the export of Pistachio was examined. An econometric model (VAR) was applied to test the study hypothesis. According to the estimated coefficient in VAR model, lag of producer support index has a significant and negative effect on variation of Pistachio’s export in short term. In other word, in short term, export advantage index is dependent on the amount of producers support in previous period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=producer%20support" title="producer support">producer support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20advantage" title=" export advantage"> export advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pistachio" title=" pistachio"> pistachio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182109/studying-the-impact-of-agricultural-producers-support-policy-in-export-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">360</span> The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Real Total Export and Sub-Categories of Real Total Export of Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wong%20Hock%20Tsen">Wong Hock Tsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on real export in Malaysia. The moving standard deviation with order three (MSD(3)) is used for the measurement of exchange rate volatility. The conventional and partially asymmetric autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models are used in the estimations. This study finds exchange rate volatility to have significant impact on real total export and some sub-categories of real total export. Moreover, this study finds that the positive or negative exchange rate volatility tends to have positive or negative impact on real export. Exchange rate volatility can be harmful to export of Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate%20volatility" title="exchange rate volatility">exchange rate volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoregressive%20distributed%20lag" title=" autoregressive distributed lag"> autoregressive distributed lag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53891/the-impact-of-exchange-rate-volatility-on-real-total-export-and-sub-categories-of-real-total-export-of-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">359</span> Economic Policy to Stimulate Industrial Development in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnaz%20Erkomaishvili">Gulnaz Erkomaishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article analyzes the modern level of industrial production in Georgia, shows the export-import of industrial products and evaluates the results of the activities of institutions implementing industrial policy. The research showed us that the level of development of industry in the country and its export potential are quite low. The article concludes that in the modern phase of industrial development, the country should choose a model focused on technological development and maximum growth of export potential. Objectives. The aim of the research is to develop an economic policy that promotes the development of industry and to look for ways to implement it effectively. Methodologies This paper uses general and specific methods, in particular, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, scientific abstraction, comparative and statistical methods, as well as experts’ evaluation. In-depth interviews with experts were conducted to determine quantitative and qualitative indicators; Publications of the National Statistics Office of Georgia are used to determine the regularity between analytical and statistical estimations. Also, theoretical and applied research of international organizations and scientist-economists are used. Contributions Based on the identified challenges in the area of industry, recommendations for the implementation of an active industrial policy in short and long term periods were developed. In particular: the government's priority orientation of industrial development; paying special attention to the processing industry sectors that Georgia has the potential to produce; supporting the development of scientific fields; Determination of certain benefits for those investors who invest money in industrial production; State partnership with the private sector, manifested in the fight against bureaucracy, corruption and crime, creating favorable business conditions for entrepreneurs; Coordination between education - science - production should be implemented in the country. Much attention should be paid to basic scientific research, which does not require purely commercial returns in the short term, science should become a real productive force; Special importance should be given to the creation of an environment that will support the expansion of export-oriented production; Overcoming barriers to entry into export markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title="industry">industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sectoral%20structure%20of%20industry" title=" sectoral structure of industry"> sectoral structure of industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exsport-import%20of%20industrial%20products" title=" exsport-import of industrial products"> exsport-import of industrial products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20policy" title=" industrial policy"> industrial policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161667/economic-policy-to-stimulate-industrial-development-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> Educational Mobility as a Factor of Tourism Development in the Regional University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%D0%9A.%20Lisinchuk">К. Lisinchuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An effective approach to the management of international educational mobility in regional universities with the purpose of increasing tourist activity in the region is considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20and%20import%20of%20tourist%20and%20educational%20services" title="export and import of tourist and educational services">export and import of tourist and educational services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20academic%20mobility" title=" international academic mobility"> international academic mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20tourist%20activities" title=" regional tourist activities"> regional tourist activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10647/educational-mobility-as-a-factor-of-tourism-development-in-the-regional-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> Determinants of Profitability in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms in the New Intellectual Property Rights Regime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpi%20Tyagi">Shilpi Tyagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Nauriyal"> D. K. Nauriyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the firm level determinants of profitability of Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry. The study uses inflation adjusted panel data for a period 2000-2013 and applies OLS regression model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. It has been found that export intensity, A&M intensity, firm’s market power and stronger patent regime dummy have exercised positive influence on profitability. The negative and statistically significant influence of R&D intensity and raw material import intensity points to the need for firms to adopt suitable investment strategies. The study suggests that firms are required to pay far more attention to optimize their operating expenditures, advertisement and marketing expenditures and improve their export orientation, as part of the long term strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20pharmaceutical%20industry" title="Indian pharmaceutical industry">Indian pharmaceutical industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profits" title=" profits"> profits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIPS" title=" TRIPS"> TRIPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49100/determinants-of-profitability-in-indian-pharmaceutical-firms-in-the-new-intellectual-property-rights-regime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> The Impact of Agricultural Product Export on Income and Employment in Thai Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anucha%20Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo">Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research objectives were 1) to study the situation and its trend of agricultural product export of Thailand 2) to study the impact of agricultural product export on income of Thai economy 3) the impact of agricultural product export on employment of Thai economy and 4) to find out the recommendations of agricultural product export policy of Thailand. In this research, secondary data were collected as yearly time series data from 1990 to 2016 accounted for 27 years. Data were collected from the Bank of Thailand database. Primary data were collected from the steakholders of agricultural product export policy of Thailand. Data analysis was applied descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation. The forecasting of agricultural product was applied Mote Carlo Simulation technique as well as time trend analysis. In addition, the impact of agricultural product export on income and employment by applying econometric model while the estimated parameters were utilized the ordinary least square technique. The research results revealed that 1) agricultural product export value of Thailand from 1990 to 2016 was 338,959.5 Million Thai baht with its growth rate of 4.984 percent yearly, in addition, the forecasting of agricultural product export value of Thailand has increased but its growth rate has been declined 2) the impact of agricultural product export has positive impact on income in Thai economy, increasing in agricultural product export of Thailand by 1 percent would lead income increased by 0.0051 percent 3) the impact of agricultural product export has positive impact on employment in Thai economy, increasing in agricultural product export of Thailand by 1 percent would lead income increased by 0.079 percent and 4) in the future, agricultural product export policy would focused on finished or semi-finished agricultural product instead of raw material by applying technology and innovation in to make value added of agricultural product export. The public agricultural product export policy would support exporters in private sector in order to encourage them as agricultural exporters in Thailand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20product%20export" title="agricultural product export">agricultural product export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income" title=" income"> income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20economy" title=" Thai economy"> Thai economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82257/the-impact-of-agricultural-product-export-on-income-and-employment-in-thai-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> Strategies to Accelerate Indonesian Halal Food Export to the Japan Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferry%20Syarifuddin">Ferry Syarifuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential for growth in the Japanese halal industry is promising, especially for the export of processed food products, due to the significant increase in the Muslim population over the past decade. Japan is also the second largest destination for processed food export from developing countries. However, there has been a decline in the export of processed food from Indonesia, a Muslim-majority developing country, to Japan, dropping from $350 million in 2019 to $119 million in 2023. To address this issue, this study aims to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Indonesian halal processed food products export to the Japanese market, investigate successful strategies employed by other countries and recommend the most prioritized strategy for exporting Indonesian halal processed food products to the Japan market. Our findings identify collaborating with Japan's food industry associations and trade organizations as the key strategy for successful export to the Japanese market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANP-SWOT" title="ANP-SWOT">ANP-SWOT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20strategy" title=" export strategy"> export strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halal%20product" title=" halal product"> halal product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan%20market" title=" Japan market"> Japan market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185162/strategies-to-accelerate-indonesian-halal-food-export-to-the-japan-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> Firm Level Productivity Heterogeneity and Export Behavior: Evidence from UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umut%20Erksan%20Senalp">Umut Erksan Senalp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to examine the link between firm level productivity heterogeneity and firm’s decision to export. Thus, we test the self selection hypothesis which suggests only more productive firms self select themselves to export markets. We analyze UK manufacturing sector by using firm-level data for the period 2003-2011. Although our preliminary results suggest that exporters outperform non-exporters when we pool all manufacturing industries, when we examine each industry individually, we find that self-selection hypothesis does not hold for each industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20factor%20productivity" title="total factor productivity">total factor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20heterogeneity" title=" firm heterogeneity"> firm heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20trade" title=" international trade"> international trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20to%20export" title=" decision to export"> decision to export</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12912/firm-level-productivity-heterogeneity-and-export-behavior-evidence-from-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> The Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on the High-Quality Development of China's Export Trade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yao%20Wu">Yao Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of financial globalization, China has put forward the policy goal of high-quality development, and the digital economy, with its advantage of information resources, is driving China's export trade to achieve high-quality development. Due to the long-standing financing constraints of small and medium-sized export enterprises, how to expand the export scale of small and medium-sized enterprises has become a major threshold for the development of China's export trade. This paper firstly adopts the hierarchical analysis method to establish the evaluation system of high-quality development of China's export trade; secondly, the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2018 are selected for empirical analysis to establish the impact model of digital inclusive finance on the high-quality development of China's export trade; based on the analysis of heterogeneous enterprise trade model, a mediating effect model is established to verify the mediating role of credit constraint in the development of high-quality export trade in China. Based on the above analysis, this paper concludes that inclusive digital finance, with its unique digital and inclusive nature, alleviates the credit constraint problem among SMEs, enhances the binary marginal effect of SMEs' exports, optimizes their export scale and structure, and promotes the high-quality development of regional and even national export trade. Finally, based on the findings of this paper, we propose insights and suggestions for inclusive digital finance to promote the high-quality development of export trade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20inclusive%20finance" title="digital inclusive finance">digital inclusive finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-quality%20development%20of%20export%20trade" title=" high-quality development of export trade"> high-quality development of export trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20effects" title=" fixed effects"> fixed effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20marginal%20effects" title=" binary marginal effects"> binary marginal effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149739/the-impact-of-digital-inclusive-finance-on-the-high-quality-development-of-chinas-export-trade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> Technological Innovations and African Export Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukman%20Oyelami">Lukman Oyelami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies have identified trade as a veritable tool for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. However, contrary to the overwhelming pieces of evidence of the Asian tiger as a success story of beneficial trade, many African countries still experience poverty unabatedly despite active engagement in trade. Consequently, this study seeks to investigate the contributory effect of technological innovation on total export performance and specifically manufacturing exports of African countries. This is with a view to exploring manufacturing exports as a viable option for diversification. To achieve the empirical investigation this study, require Systems Generalized Method of Moments (sys-GMM) estimation technique was adopted based on the econometric realities inherent in the data utilized. However, the static technique of panel estimation of the Fixed Effects (FE) model was utilized for baseline analysis and robustness check. The conclusion from this study is that innovation generally impacts export performance of African countries positively, however, manufacturing export shows more sensitivity to innovation than total export. And, this provides a clear pathway for export diversification for many African countries that run a resource-based economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMM" title=" GMM"> GMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139317/technological-innovations-and-african-export-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> 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