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These largely personal, private objects—from medals depicting saints to rosaries and reliquaries—illustrate the vibrant" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/780687/264127/27383736/s200_laura.masur.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/42952242/Symbol_or_Presence_Archaeology_and_the_Materiality_of_Catholic_Devotions" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Symbol or Presence? Archaeology and the Materiality of Catholic Devotions" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Catholic devotional objects are rare but persistent finds at archaeological sites in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These largely personal, private objects—from medals depicting saints to rosaries and reliquaries—illustrate the vibrant" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://cua.academia.edu/LauraMasur" /> <meta name="description" content="Catholic devotional objects are rare but persistent finds at archaeological sites in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These largely personal, private objects—from medals depicting saints to rosaries and reliquaries—illustrate the vibrant" /> <title>(PDF) Symbol or Presence? Archaeology and the Materiality of Catholic Devotions</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/42952242/Symbol_or_Presence_Archaeology_and_the_Materiality_of_Catholic_Devotions" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739842076000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739842076000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Catholic devotional objects are rare but persistent finds at archaeological sites in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These largely personal, private objects—from medals depicting saints to rosaries and reliquaries—illustrate the vibrant spiritual world inhabited by residents of the seventeenth- through twentieth-century Middle Atlantic region. Contextual analysis of undisturbed artifacts reveals that they were treated with reverence, although not always in ways reflecting orthodox Catholicism. Moreover, analysis shows that the social context of their use among people of European, African, and Native American descent was unmistakably different. These objects of metal, wood, bone, clay, glass, and stone played pivotal roles in the way that American Catholics connected with the supernatural. Through sacramental objects, the archaeological record is populated with angels, saints, and materials used to connect with Christ and the Virgin Mary. In particular, the materials from which these objects were made—and not simply their symbolism—gave them power. Considering relationships among humans, sacramental objects, and supernatural powers provides new opportunities to interpret how these objects were used and, ultimately, how and why they ended up in the ground.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Laura E Masur","url":"https://cua.academia.edu/LauraMasur"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-05-05","datePublished":"2020-01-01","headline":"Symbol or Presence? Archaeology and the Materiality of Catholic Devotions","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1353/cht.2020.0009"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64899622/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Native American Studies","Archaeology","Historical Archaeology","Jesuit history","History of Roman Catholicism","African American History","Chesapeake Colonial History","Roman Catholicism","Jesuits","Historical Archaeology in the Chesapeake Region"],"publication":"U.S. Catholic Historian","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cht.2020.0009","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"cua"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64899622/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42952242/Symbol_or_Presence_Archaeology_and_the_Materiality_of_Catholic_Devotions"}</script><style 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{"work":{"id":42952242,"created_at":"2020-05-05T12:16:40.092-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-16T14:39:25.717-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1353/cht.2020.0009","issue":"2","volume":"38","abstract":"Catholic devotional objects are rare but persistent finds at archaeological sites in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These largely personal, private objects—from medals depicting saints to rosaries and reliquaries—illustrate the vibrant spiritual world inhabited by residents of the seventeenth- through twentieth-century Middle Atlantic region. Contextual analysis of undisturbed artifacts reveals that they were treated with reverence, although not always in ways reflecting orthodox Catholicism. Moreover, analysis shows that the social context of their use among people of European, African, and Native American descent was unmistakably different. These objects of metal, wood, bone, clay, glass, and stone played pivotal roles in the way that American Catholics connected with the supernatural. Through sacramental objects, the archaeological record is populated with angels, saints, and materials used to connect with Christ and the Virgin Mary. In particular, the materials from which these objects were made—and not simply their symbolism—gave them power. Considering relationships among humans, sacramental objects, and supernatural powers provides new opportunities to interpret how these objects were used and, ultimately, how and why they ended up in the ground.","page_numbers":"1-21","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"U.S. Catholic Historian"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Symbol or Presence? Archaeology and the Materiality of Catholic Devotions","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [780687]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":64899622,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Symbol or Presence? Archaeology and the Materiality of Catholic Devotions”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/64899622/mini_magick20201110-6525-ihxzuo.png?1605034879" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Symbol or Presence? Archaeology and the Materiality of Catholic Devotions</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="780687" href="https://cua.academia.edu/LauraMasur"><img alt="Profile image of Laura E Masur" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/780687/264127/27383736/s65_laura.masur.jpg" />Laura E Masur</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, U.S. Catholic Historian</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1353/cht.2020.0009" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1353/cht.2020.0009</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">22 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 42952242; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=42952242"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Catholic devotional objects are rare but persistent finds at archaeological sites in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These largely personal, private objects—from medals depicting saints to rosaries and reliquaries—illustrate the vibrant spiritual world inhabited by residents of the seventeenth- through twentieth-century Middle Atlantic region. Contextual analysis of undisturbed artifacts reveals that they were treated with reverence, although not always in ways reflecting orthodox Catholicism. Moreover, analysis shows that the social context of their use among people of European, African, and Native American descent was unmistakably different. These objects of metal, wood, bone, clay, glass, and stone played pivotal roles in the way that American Catholics connected with the supernatural. Through sacramental objects, the archaeological record is populated with angels, saints, and materials used to connect with Christ and the Virgin Mary. In particular, the materials from which these objects were made—and not simply their symbolism—gave them power. Considering relationships among humans, sacramental objects, and supernatural powers provides new opportunities to interpret how these objects were used and, ultimately, how and why they ended up in the ground.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":64899622,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42952242/Symbol_or_Presence_Archaeology_and_the_Materiality_of_Catholic_Devotions"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":64899622,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42952242/Symbol_or_Presence_Archaeology_and_the_Materiality_of_Catholic_Devotions"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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It summarizes the particular concerns of the papers which follow in this volume.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hoards, votives, offerings: the archaeology of the dedicated object","attachmentId":71841000,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56468625/Hoards_votives_offerings_the_archaeology_of_the_dedicated_object","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56468625/Hoards_votives_offerings_the_archaeology_of_the_dedicated_object"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="9505066" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9505066/Empowered_Objects_Material_Expressions_of_Spiritual_Beliefs_in_the_Colonial_Chesapeake_Region">Empowered Objects: Material Expressions of Spiritual Beliefs in the Colonial Chesapeake Region</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5970927" href="https://nysed.academia.edu/MLucas">Michael Lucas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pierced and bent coins, quartz crystals and other stones, metal objects, religious artifacts, beads, and mirrors are a few examples of objects used in European, African, and Native American cultural expressions. 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The role of intentionality and the interaction among Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans are examined as key components for interpreting expressions of spiritual beliefs in the colonial Chesapeake region.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Empowered Objects: Material Expressions of Spiritual Beliefs in the Colonial Chesapeake Region","attachmentId":35733212,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9505066/Empowered_Objects_Material_Expressions_of_Spiritual_Beliefs_in_the_Colonial_Chesapeake_Region","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9505066/Empowered_Objects_Material_Expressions_of_Spiritual_Beliefs_in_the_Colonial_Chesapeake_Region"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="90741272" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90741272/Inventing_Late_Antique_Reliquaries_Reception_Material_History_and_Dynamics_of_Interaction_4th_6th_centuries_CE_Rome_Viella_2022">Inventing Late Antique Reliquaries: Reception, Material History, and Dynamics of Interaction (4th-6th centuries CE), Rome: Viella, 2022</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3454427" href="https://muni.academia.edu/AdrienPalladino">Adrien Palladino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">I libri di Viella. Arte / Studia Artium Mediaevalium Brunensia, 12, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The cult of saints, their relics, and devotion to their shrines is a phenomenon born in Late Antiquity that durably shaped medieval and modern practices across a broad geographical and cultural area spreading first throughout the Roman Empire and beyond. How was the creation of vessels for the holy remains of saints implemented during a culturally heterogenous period? Indeed, how could boxes of various shapes, sizes, and materials become containers to shelter sacred matter? What materials could be used in reliquaries’ making, and what images should adorn them? And how did reliquaries, with their geographical and social portability, contribute to the translocation of site-bound sanctity and the spread of saints’ and shrines’ networks across the Late Antique world? Tracing the medieval reliquary’s “pre-history”, this volume examines boxes bearing Christian images and patterns made between the fourth to the sixth century CE. It investigates how vessels adorned with images acquired meaning and power, exploring the dynamics of transformation that accompany both the creation of these objects and their long history of reuse, marginalization, and rediscovery. https://www.viella.it/libro/9788833138671 Edizione cartacea pp. 312+18 ill, col., 17x24 cm, bross. ISBN: 9788833138671 € 48,00</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inventing Late Antique Reliquaries: Reception, Material History, and Dynamics of Interaction (4th-6th centuries CE), Rome: Viella, 2022","attachmentId":94220222,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90741272/Inventing_Late_Antique_Reliquaries_Reception_Material_History_and_Dynamics_of_Interaction_4th_6th_centuries_CE_Rome_Viella_2022","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90741272/Inventing_Late_Antique_Reliquaries_Reception_Material_History_and_Dynamics_of_Interaction_4th_6th_centuries_CE_Rome_Viella_2022"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="36830511" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36830511/Reliquaries_and_the_Cult_of_Relics_in_Late_Antiquity">Reliquaries and the Cult of Relics in Late Antiquity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40867925" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/ErikThuno">Erik Thuno</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reliquaries and the Cult of Relics in Late Antiquity","attachmentId":56782396,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36830511/Reliquaries_and_the_Cult_of_Relics_in_Late_Antiquity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36830511/Reliquaries_and_the_Cult_of_Relics_in_Late_Antiquity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="7649209" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7649209/Religion_Archaeology_and_the_Material_World">Religion, Archaeology, and the Material World</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13861099" href="https://arizona.academia.edu/LarsFogelin">Lars Fogelin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In recent years, archaeologists have become increasingly interested in the study of religion and ritual. The authors of this volume present a variety of strategies for the archaeological investigation of religion drawn from widely divergent geographic and temporal contexts. While necessarily including discussions of different theoretical understandings of religion, the central goal of the volume is to explore how archaeologists can effectively employ the material remains of past societies to construct informed understandings of religion and ritual. In this sense, the volume is a methodological primer on the archaeology of religion. A unifying theme of the essays is the value of using multiple perspectives or approaches. Different authors combine studies of iconography, symbolism, landscape, architecture, history, ethnohistory, and mortuary archaeology to construct theoretically sophisticated and methodologically robust understandings of ancient religion and ritual.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Religion, Archaeology, and the Material World","attachmentId":34188370,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7649209/Religion_Archaeology_and_the_Material_World","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7649209/Religion_Archaeology_and_the_Material_World"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="110293048" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110293048/Personal_Devotions_Atlantic_Contexts_Interpreting_Catholic_Religious_Artifacts_from_Seventeenth_Century_St_Marys_City_Maryland">Personal Devotions, Atlantic Contexts: Interpreting Catholic Religious Artifacts from Seventeenth-Century St. Mary's City, Maryland</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="407126" href="https://um-boston.academia.edu/ChristaBeranek">Christa M Beranek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is an extensive literature on the founding of the colony of Maryland that debates the intertwined economic, political, and religious intentions of its founders, the English Catholic Calverts, and traces the tumultuous seventeenthcentury history of the attempt to allow both Catholic and Protestant settlers to practice their religion. Scholarship on the actual personal religious beliefs and devotions of the Catholic colonists, who were always a minority, is scarce, however, and relies on very fragmentary evidence. This paper is a historical archaeological examination of excavated religious artifacts from seventeenthand early eighteenth-century St. Mary's City, the colony's first capital, founded in 1634. These small artifacts have the potential to illuminate aspects of the religious beliefs of the colonists and constitute an integral part of the transferal of religious practices to the New World. These objects have particular relevance because the attempt to change the symbols of personal piety has been the subject of much of recent Counter-Reformation scholarship, and these items shed light on the nature and extent of that change. Medals recovered from St. Mary's City bear images of new saints and devotions and present a picture of a population adopting contemporary practices rather than reproducing older, traditional ones. In addition to their religious connotations, medallions and statuary also existed within a wider visual culture and individuals may have used these stylistic aspects to signal their literacy in contemporary, elite forms.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Personal Devotions, Atlantic Contexts: Interpreting Catholic Religious Artifacts from Seventeenth-Century St. Mary's City, Maryland","attachmentId":108155237,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110293048/Personal_Devotions_Atlantic_Contexts_Interpreting_Catholic_Religious_Artifacts_from_Seventeenth_Century_St_Marys_City_Maryland","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110293048/Personal_Devotions_Atlantic_Contexts_Interpreting_Catholic_Religious_Artifacts_from_Seventeenth_Century_St_Marys_City_Maryland"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="127338087" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127338087/Material_Catholic_Afterlives_Archaeological_Notes_on_Sacrality_and_Secondhand_Shopping">Material Catholic Afterlives: Archaeological Notes on Sacrality and Secondhand Shopping</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="192209" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/JamesSBielo">James S Bielo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">U.S. Catholic Historian, 2025</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article is an ethnographic archaeology of Catholic material culture as it circulates through secondhand economies. Via estate sales, auctions, antique shops, flea markets, thrift stores, eBay, Instagram, and Etsy, Catholiciana is bought, sold, and recontextualized for new ownership every day. In the contemporary U.S., several structural patterns—parish closures, the decline in Catholic adherence, and the death of a generation of Catholics who maintained extensive personal devotional collections— intersect to create conditions in which Catholic materials become secondhand commodities. We explore how circulation is structured by the technological affordances of devotional material; how the sensory and social histories of objects are erased through patterns of discard and partially recovered through traces of use; and, how discovered objects are presented to market publics by actors with divergent stances toward institutional Catholicism. Ultimately, we attend to Catholic objects as both devotional and disposable in order to better understand how objects pass in and out of the commodity state, their shifting valuation, their appeal to different audiences, and recalibrations of power and potency.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Material Catholic Afterlives: Archaeological Notes on Sacrality and Secondhand Shopping","attachmentId":121084242,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127338087/Material_Catholic_Afterlives_Archaeological_Notes_on_Sacrality_and_Secondhand_Shopping","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127338087/Material_Catholic_Afterlives_Archaeological_Notes_on_Sacrality_and_Secondhand_Shopping"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="50589409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50589409/Introduction_Tangible_Religion_from_Antiquity_to_the_Early_Modern_Period">Introduction: Tangible Religion from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5650386" href="https://utu.academia.edu/ReimaV%C3%A4lim%C3%A4ki">Reima Välimäki</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4656364" href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/AnuKaisaKoponen">Anu Kaisa Koponen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ria Berg, Antonella Coralini, Anu Kaisa Koponen, and Reima Välimäki, eds. Tangible Religion: Materiality of Domestic Cult Practices from Antiquity to Early Modern Era. Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 49. Roma: Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In ancient and premodern societies-from archaic Greece and imperial Rome, through the Middle Ages up to Reformed Northern Europe-most homes contained at least some select objects with a religious or ritual significance. Such objects, with a variable degree of sacrality, would range from altars, household shrines, and statuettes of divinities to incense burners, relics, pendants, rosaries and religious imagery of gods and saints represented on wall paintings, decorative tiles, textiles, furniture or everyday utensils, and even substances contained in the 'consecrated' vases, such as incense, salt, honey, water and wine. Such objects differed from the most venerated sacred cult items safeguarded in temples and churches, and seen only during certain ceremonies: domestic cult objects may have been seen, touched and used on an everyday basis. Inhabitants, visitors, servants, and slaves of the households therefore had a close, physical-and arguably more direct, personal and emotive-relationship with these objects with which they shared the living space and with which they were in daily interaction, than with the objects of the official cult. In domestic space, holy and everyday activities and objects mingled and were closely interwoven, to such an extent that it is impossible to distinguish the borders between the 'sacred' and the 'profane'. Material culture, with its non-language-like qualities, has always offered very specific ways to express abstract religious ideas and emotions. 1 Tangible objects-cult images, ritual paraphernalia, offerings, relics and sacred mementoes-have made it possible to vest ethereal religious beliefs in a material form, to render abstract ideas concrete and tactile, and made them ownable and capable of being contained in one's home. 2 Thus, religious performances-prayers, votive promises, and sacrifices-can have, to a certain degree, material proxies reflecting these ephemeral acts of speech and gesture. 3 In the Roman world, cult and sacrifice were prescribed in minute detail, and their material equipment too had to meet certain formal standards. 4 Such objects and images had also, in turn, the capability to render certain domestic spaces (more) sacred and give to the entire Roman domus a sacral aura. 5 The Roman house, as a homestead, was therefore, in a certain sense, regarded as a holy place and therefore was well protected by Roman law. The violation of someone's house was regarded as an attack not only against property and person, but also against the Roman state and its religion. In theory, the same 'sacred aura' attached to the Roman elite house also protected the humble homes of the poor. 6 1 BoiVin 2008.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Tangible Religion from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period","attachmentId":68514349,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50589409/Introduction_Tangible_Religion_from_Antiquity_to_the_Early_Modern_Period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50589409/Introduction_Tangible_Religion_from_Antiquity_to_the_Early_Modern_Period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="34780656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34780656/Matter_of_Faith_An_Interdisciplinary_Study_of_Relics_and_Relic_Veneration_in_the_Medieval_Period">Matter of Faith: An Interdisciplinary Study of Relics and Relic Veneration in the Medieval Period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34437945" href="https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/LloyddeBeer">Lloyd de Beer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Matter of Faith: An Interdisciplinary Study of Relics and Relic Veneration in the Medieval Period","attachmentId":54639804,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34780656/Matter_of_Faith_An_Interdisciplinary_Study_of_Relics_and_Relic_Veneration_in_the_Medieval_Period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34780656/Matter_of_Faith_An_Interdisciplinary_Study_of_Relics_and_Relic_Veneration_in_the_Medieval_Period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="69000172" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69000172/Tangible_Traces_0f_Devotion_The_Post_mortem_Life_of_Relics">Tangible Traces 0f Devotion: The Post-mortem Life of Relics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11484416" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/AKjellstr%C3%B6m">Anna Kjellström</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Though relics have attracted immense interest from a variety of scholars, not much attention has been paid to the practical handling of the holy corporal remains. Here, with the aim of better under ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tangible Traces 0f Devotion: The Post-mortem Life of Relics","attachmentId":79268550,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69000172/Tangible_Traces_0f_Devotion_The_Post_mortem_Life_of_Relics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69000172/Tangible_Traces_0f_Devotion_The_Post_mortem_Life_of_Relics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64899622,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64899622,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_64899622" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="50588759" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50588759/Tangible_Religion_Materiality_of_Domestic_Cult_Practices_from_Antiquity_to_Early_Modern_Era">Tangible Religion: Materiality of Domestic Cult Practices from Antiquity to Early Modern Era</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5650386" href="https://utu.academia.edu/ReimaV%C3%A4lim%C3%A4ki">Reima Välimäki</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm 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href="https://kenyon.academia.edu/SarahBlick">Sarah Blick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religions, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bringing Pilgrimage Home: The Production, Iconography, and Domestic Use of Late-Medieval Devotional Objects by Ordinary People","attachmentId":85228679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78045297/Bringing_Pilgrimage_Home_The_Production_Iconography_and_Domestic_Use_of_Late_Medieval_Devotional_Objects_by_Ordinary_People","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78045297/Bringing_Pilgrimage_Home_The_Production_Iconography_and_Domestic_Use_of_Late_Medieval_Devotional_Objects_by_Ordinary_People"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="43624220" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43624220/Ora_Limor_Earth_Stone_Water_and_Oil_Objects_of_Veneration_in_Holy_Land_Travel_Narratives_in_Renana_Bartal_Neta_Bodner_Bianca_Ku_hnel_eds_Natural_Materials_of_the_Holy_Land_and_the_Visual_Translation_of_Place_500_1500_London_and_New_York_Routledge_2017_3_18">Ora Limor, “Earth, Stone, Water and Oil: Objects of Veneration in Holy Land Travel Narratives,” in Renana Bartal, Neta Bodner, Bianca Kühnel, eds., Natural Materials of the Holy Land and the Visual Translation of Place, 500-1500 (London and New York: Routledge, 2017), 3-18</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7603527" href="https://open.academia.edu/oralimor">Ora Limor</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ora Limor, “Earth, Stone, Water and Oil: Objects of Veneration in Holy Land Travel Narratives,” in Renana Bartal, Neta Bodner, Bianca Kühnel, eds., Natural Materials of the Holy Land and the Visual Translation of Place, 500-1500 (London and New York: Routledge, 2017), 3-18","attachmentId":63924890,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43624220/Ora_Limor_Earth_Stone_Water_and_Oil_Objects_of_Veneration_in_Holy_Land_Travel_Narratives_in_Renana_Bartal_Neta_Bodner_Bianca_Ku_hnel_eds_Natural_Materials_of_the_Holy_Land_and_the_Visual_Translation_of_Place_500_1500_London_and_New_York_Routledge_2017_3_18","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43624220/Ora_Limor_Earth_Stone_Water_and_Oil_Objects_of_Veneration_in_Holy_Land_Travel_Narratives_in_Renana_Bartal_Neta_Bodner_Bianca_Ku_hnel_eds_Natural_Materials_of_the_Holy_Land_and_the_Visual_Translation_of_Place_500_1500_London_and_New_York_Routledge_2017_3_18"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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