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<div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Siri%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Siri%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Siri%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Siri%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oorsig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Oorsig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antieke_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antieke_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Antieke tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antieke_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabiese_verowering_en_Islamisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabiese_verowering_en_Islamisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Arabiese verowering en Islamisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabiese_verowering_en_Islamisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottomaanse_bewind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottomaanse_bewind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ottomaanse bewind</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottomaanse_bewind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Eerste_Wêreldoorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Eerste_Wêreldoorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Die Eerste Wêreldoorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Eerste_Wêreldoorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Demografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sosio-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sosio-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sosio-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etniese_en_godsdienstige_struktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etniese_en_godsdienstige_struktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Etniese en godsdienstige struktuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etniese_en_godsdienstige_struktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vlugtelinge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlugtelinge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Vlugtelinge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlugtelinge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Taal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politiek</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Politiek subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politieke_stelsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politieke_stelsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Politieke stelsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politieke_stelsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kenmerke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kenmerke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenmerke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landbou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landbou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Landbou</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landbou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie_onder_beleg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie_onder_beleg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ekonomie onder beleg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie_onder_beleg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sirië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 259 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-259" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">259 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Шьамтәыла – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Шьамтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriyah" title="Suriyah – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Suriyah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сирие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Сирие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B6%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ሶሪያ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሶሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܘܪܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܘܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سوريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ছিৰিয়া – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছিৰিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шам – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шам" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سوریه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوریه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Сүриә – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сүриә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97r%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Sėrėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sėrėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirya" title="Sirya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sirya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сірыя – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сірыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сырыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сырыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সিরিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="སི་རི་ཡ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སི་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সিরিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সিরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%90" title="ᨔᨘᨑᨗᨐ – Buginees" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨔᨘᨑᨗᨐ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3-l%C3%A9-%C4%81" title="Sê̤ṳ-lé-ā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sê̤ṳ-lé-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سووریا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Suriye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrie" title="Sýrie – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sýrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syr%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Syrëjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Syrëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Сѷрїꙗ – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Сѷрїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriska" title="Syriska – Nedersorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Syriska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ސޫރިޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސޫރިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Συρία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirio" title="Sirio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sirio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCria" title="Süüria – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süüria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سوریه – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyria" title="Syyria – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syyria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCri%C3%A4" title="Süüriä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Süüriä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDria" title="Sýria – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sýria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrie" title="Syrie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrje" title="Syrje – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Syrje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSiria" title="An tSiria – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSiria" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri" title="Siri – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Siri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سۊريه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سۊريه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="સિરિયા – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Teer" title="Yn Teer – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Teer" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si-li-%C3%A2" title="Si-li-â – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Si-li-â" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria" title="Suria – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Suria" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="סוריה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_(des)" title="Syria (des) – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Syria (des)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriska" title="Syriska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Syriska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri" title="Siri – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Siri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%ADria" title="Szíria – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szíria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սիրիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սուրիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սուրիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrland" title="Sýrland – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýrland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="シリア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sixygu%27e" title="sixygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sixygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სირია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სირია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya" title="Surya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Surya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шам – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Шам" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirii" title="Siirii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siirii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriyah" title="Suriyah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Suriyah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ស៊ីរី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ីរី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸಿರಿಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿರಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="시리아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%84%DA%A9)" title="شام (مُلک) – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شام (مُلک)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBr%C3%AE" title="Sûrî – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sûrî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri" title="Syri – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Syri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya" title="Surya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Surya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria" title="Suria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Suria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciria" title="Sciria – Liguries" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sciria" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Lombardies" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%C3%AD" title="Sirí – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sirí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sīrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сирий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сирий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiria" title="Hiria – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hiria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сирија – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сирија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സിറിയ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirja" title="Sirja – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Sirja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆီးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سوریه – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوریه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CA%BCa%CA%BCaahj%C3%AD_%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Haʼaʼaahjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haʼaʼaahjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirii" title="Sirii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Sirii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siiriyaa" title="Siiriyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Siiriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ସିରିଆ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିରିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸੀਰੀਆ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirie" title="Sirie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sirie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Συρία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Συρία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سوريه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوريه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirya" title="Sirya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sirya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Jakoeties" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoeties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACria" title="Sìria – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sìria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrie" title="Syrie – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Syrie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="شام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းသီးရီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသီးရီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සිරියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDria" title="Sýria – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sýria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria" title="Suria – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Suria" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyria" title="Syyria – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Syyria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuriya" title="Suuriya – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Suuriya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сирија – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сирија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syirikondre" title="Syirikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Syirikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISiriya" title="ISiriya – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ISiriya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%8D%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%80" title="ꠍꠤꠞꠤꠀ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠍꠤꠞꠤꠀ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syryjo" title="Syryjo – Silesies" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Syryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="சிரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%94%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="సిరియా – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сурия – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сурия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศซีเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศซีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB" title="ሱርያ – Tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሱርያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri%C3%BDa" title="Siriýa – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Siriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surij%C9%99" title="Surijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Surijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silia" title="Silia – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Silia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suriye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сүрия – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сүрия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="سۇرىيە – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇرىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сирія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сирія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سوریہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACria" title="Sìria – Venesiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sìria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirii" title="Sirii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sirii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCriy%C3%A4n" title="Süriyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Süriyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sireye" title="Sireye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sireye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirya" title="Sirya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sirya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri" title="Siri – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Siri" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="叙利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სირია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სირია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="סיריע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סיריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADr%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Síríà – Joroeba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Síríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Joroeba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliya" title="Siliya – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Siliya" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="叙利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="敘利亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="敘利亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-l%C4%AB-a" title="Su-lī-a – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Su-lī-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="敘利亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="敘利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Siri%C3%AB" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Siri%C3%AB" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Siri%C3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&oldid=2743206" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Siri%C3%AB&id=2743206&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSiri%25C3%25AB"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSiri%25C3%25AB"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Siri%C3%AB"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Siri%C3%AB&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Syria_-_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Sirië<br /><small>سُورِيَا<br /><i>Sūriyā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sirië"><img alt="Vlag van Sirië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_(2024%E2%80%93present)_variation_goldenrod.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Sirië"><img alt="Wapen van Sirië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29_variation_goldenrod.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29_variation_goldenrod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29_variation_goldenrod.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29_variation_goldenrod.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="491" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Siri%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Sirië">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Sirië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: حماة الديار<br /><i>Ħumāt ad-Diyār</i><br /><small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a> vir: "Verdedigers van die Vaderland")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="67" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Syria.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/National_Anthem_of_Syria.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/National_Anthem_of_Syria.ogg/National_Anthem_of_Syria.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Syria.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" 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/></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Syria_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Sirië"><img alt="Ligging van Sirië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Syria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Syria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Syria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Syria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Syria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Syria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siri%C3%AB&language=af&params=33_30_N_36_18_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">33°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°18′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">33.500°N 36.300°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.500; 36.300</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Grootste stad</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">• <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister">Eerste minister</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Oorgangsregering<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_al-Sharaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_al-Bashir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed al-Bashir (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mohammed al-Bashir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">Vorming<br />• Ontbinding van<br />Ottomaanse Sirië;<br />Franse besetting<br />• Arabiese Koninkryk Sirië<br />• Staat Sirië<br />onder Franse Mandaat<br />• Siriese Republiek<br />deur samesmelting van<br />die state Jabal <a href="/wiki/Droese" title="Droese">Droese</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Alawiete" title="Alawiete">Alawiete</a> en Sirië<br />• Onafhanklikheid van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a><br />• Afstigting van die<br /><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Republiek" title="Verenigde Arabiese Republiek">Verenigde Arabiese Republiek</a><br />• Ba'ath-party neem mag oor<br />• Ba'ath-regering omvergewerp</div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/1_September" title="1 September">1 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a><br /><a href="/wiki/8_Maart" title="8 Maart">8 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/1_Desember" title="1 Desember">1 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a><br /><a href="/wiki/17_April" title="17 April">17 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/28_September" title="28 September">28 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a><br /><a href="/wiki/8_Maart" title="8 Maart">8 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a><br /><a href="/wiki/8_Desember" title="8 Desember">8 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></b><br /> - Totaal<br /> <br /> - Water (%) </td> <td> <br /> 187 437<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">89<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />72 370 myl<sup>2</sup><br />1,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a></b><br /> - 2024-skatting<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td> <br />23 865 423<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">57<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />127,3 / km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">70<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />329,8 / myl<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$107,831 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />$5 040<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a></b> (nominaal)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$59,957 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />$2 802<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 0,557<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">157<sup>ste</sup></a>)  –  <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) </td> <td>26,6<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –  <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siriese_pond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siriese pond (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pond</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">SYP</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a></b><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td>WAST (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">+2</a>)<br />nie toegepas nie (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a>AST) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.sy" title=".sy">.sy</a>, سوريا. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a></b> </td> <td>+963<sup><small>b</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><small>a. Regering het 'n beperkte beheer oor die land. Sien <a href="/wiki/Siriese_Burgeroorlog" title="Siriese Burgeroorlog">Siriese Burgeroorlog</a>.<br />b. +02 vanaf <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a>.</small></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Sirië</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a>: سوريا of سورية, <i>Sūriyā</i> of <i>Sūrīyah</i>) is in die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Vrugbare_Halfmaan" title="Vrugbare Halfmaan">Vrugbare Halfmaan</a> geleë, die boogvormige noordelike rand van die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</a>. Die land grens in die noorde aan <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a>, in die suidweste aan <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (die strategies belangrike Siriese Golanhoogtes is in 1967 deur Israel beset), in die ooste aan <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, in die noordweste aan die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a>, in die suide aan <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a> en in die suidweste aan <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg/250px-Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg/330px-Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg/500px-Satellite_image_of_Syria_in_May_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2489" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-satellietbeeld van Sirië</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Syria-CIA_WFB_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria-CIA_WFB_Map.png/220px-Syria-CIA_WFB_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Syria-CIA_WFB_Map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Sirië</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg/220px-Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg/330px-Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg/440px-Sunset_in_Palmyra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3852" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Sirië, bakermat van beskawings: Sononder oor die antieke ruïnestad Palmyra</figcaption></figure> <p>Die huidige staatsgebied beslaan 187 437 km² met 'n totale bevolking wat in 2024 op sowat 24 miljoen beraam is, onder wie 1,5 miljoen vlugtelinge uit Irak en 'n halfmiljoen <a href="/wiki/Palestyne" title="Palestyne">Palestyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die statistiese bevolkingsdigtheid is meer as 120 inwoners per km², nogtans is die bevolking oneweredig versprei en hoofsaaklik in stedelike gebiede soos <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>, Aleppo en Homs saamgetrek. Die woestynagtige steppe van Oos-Sirië, die tradisionele tuisland van nomadiese <a href="/wiki/Bedoe%C3%AFene" title="Bedoeïene">Bedoeïene</a> wat die Tweestroomland in die ooste van die Mediterreense bergreeks Djabal Sahilija skei, is yl bevolk. As gevolg van die <a href="/wiki/Siriese_Burgeroorlog" title="Siriese Burgeroorlog">Siriese Burgeroorlog</a> het meer as vier miljoen Siriërs sedert 2011 na die buiteland gevlug. Baie van die vlugtelinge word in aangrensende lande soos Turkye en Jordanië in tentkampe gehuisves. 'n Verdere nege miljoen Siriërs is in hul eie land ontwortel. </p><p>Die moderne Siriese staat het sy oorsprong in die tyd ná die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> toe die gebied onder die mandaat van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> geplaas is. Sirië was die grootste land wat in die Arabiese <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> ná die verbrokkeling van die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a> ontstaan het. In April 1946 het Sirië sy politieke onafhanklikheid as parlementêre republiek verkry.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In die volgende dekades is die land deur interne onrus geskud. So is Sirië in die periode tussen 1949 en 1971 verskeie kere deur staatsgrepe en pogings tot staatsgrepe getref. Tussen 1958 en 1961 het Sirië 'n kortstondige politieke unie met <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> gevorm, die Verenigde Arabiese Republiek (VAR), wat deur 'n staatsgreep beëindig is. Sirië het vanaf 1963, toe die Pan-Arabiese Baath-party aan die bewind gekom het, tot en met 2011 in 'n noodtoestand verkeer waardeur die meeste burgerregte opgeskort is. </p><p>Sirië se binne- en buitelandse beleid is aanvanklik vanaf 1963 deur sosialistiese en anti-Westerse stromings oorheers. As voormalige bondgenoot van die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> handhaaf die land steeds noue bande met die <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Federasie" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiese Federasie">Russiese Federasie</a>. Daarnaas is belangrike politieke alliansies met Palestyns-Islamistiese groeperings en die <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Islamitiese Republiek van Iran</a> gesluit. </p><p>Die politieke mag in Sirië is in die hande van 'n klein elite van invloedryke families gekonsentreer. Sy politieke bedeling, waarin Pan-Arabiese ideologie met politieke sekularisme gekombineer word, toon baie ooreenkomste met dié van <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> onder die bewind van <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hoesein" title="Saddam Hoesein">Saddam Hoesein</a>. Die Islamitiese godsdiens vorm nogtans 'n sentrale bestanddeel van Sirië se nasionale identiteit en speel 'n belangrike rol in die openbare lewe. </p><p>Die Baath-party is naas die Siriese leër 'n beslissende sekulêre element waarin godsdienstige minderhede soos <a href="/wiki/Alawiete" title="Alawiete">Alawiete</a>, Droese en Grieks-Ortodokse Christene hul invloed kan laat geld in 'n samelewing wat andersins deur Soennitiese Moslems oorheers sou word. Sedert die verkiesing van Hafez al-Assad tot staatspresident in 1971 word die land deur die Alawitiese al-Assad-gesin geregeer. Hafez al-Assad is ná sy afsterwe in 2000 deur sy seun Basjar as staatshoof opgevolg. Basjar al-Assad, 'n geneeskundige wat sy akademiese opleiding in <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a> ontvang het, het verskeie pogings onderneem om die land se ekonomie en regeringstelsel te hervorm en te liberaliseer. </p><p>Dit is nie tans vir buitelandse waarnemers duidelik hoe die interne magsverdeling tussen president, regering en geheimediens gereël word nie. Sedert Maart 2011 is die land egter in 'n bloedige burgeroorlog gewikkel wat uit die rewolusionêre politieke ontwikkelings van die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Lente" title="Arabiese Lente">Arabiese Lente</a> in ander Arabiese lande soos Libië, Tunisië en Egipte voortgespruit het. Die regering verwys na die opstandelinge as Islamitiese terroriste. </p><p>Dit is nie die eerste keer dat opposisiegroepe soos die Moslembroederskap in opstand teen die Siriese regering gekom het nie. So is 'n opstand van die Moslembroederskap in 1982 deur lugaanvalle op sogenaamde "bevryde stede" soos Aleppo en Homs afgeweer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg/220px-Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg/330px-Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg/440px-Tree_on_a_mountain_-_from_monastry_of_Semen_Stolbnik_near_Aleppo_-_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Septemberson in 'n berggebied buite Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p>Die kusgebiede langs die Middellandse See het, net soos die aangrensende westelik bergreekse, 'n Mediterreense klimaat met 'n lang droë seisoen tussen Mei en Oktober. Ligte somerreën is gewoonlik beperk tot die uiterste noordweste. </p><p>Die somermaande in die kusstrook is baie warm met 'n gemiddelde daaglikse maksimum van meer as 20 °C, terwyl die kwik in die gematigde winterseisoen nouliks benede 10 °C daal. Net die berggebiede op hoogtes van meer as 1 500 m bo seevlak het redelik koel somers. </p><p>Die Siriese binneland word deur 'n meer droë klimaat met baie warm somers en koue winters gekenmerk. Die gemiddelde somertemperature in Damaskus en Aleppo styg tot sowat 35 °C, terwyl die kwik in die wintermaande tot tussen 1 en 4 °C of selfs benede vriespunt kan daal. Sneeuval kom voor in dié gebied. </p><p>In Sirië se woestynstreke word hoër somertemperature aangeteken (met gemiddeldes tussen 35 en 40 °C). </p><p>Neerslae neem in ooswaartse rigting af. Terwyl die kusgebiede en westelike berggebiede jaarliks tussen 760 en 1 000 mm reënval ontvang, word in die binnelandse steppegebiede slegs tussen 250 en 500 mm, in die Al-Durūz-bergstreek 200 mm en in die woestyngebied van Al-Hamad minder as 130 mm aangeteken. Neerslae varieer baie, veral gedurende die lente en najaar. </p><p>Gedurende die wintermaande waai die heersende winde uit die ooste, noorde en weste. Windrigtings verander in die somermaande wanneer die heersende winde óf uit die noorde óf uit die weste waai. </p><p>Die kusgebiede is gedurende die somermaande aan winde blootgestel wat bedags van die see af (dus uit die weste) en snags uit die ooste waai. Sanddraende winde, wat in Arabiessprekende lande khamsin genoem word, waai een of twee keer per jaar en verduister die hemel met stofwolke wat tot 1 500 m in die lug opstyg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oorsig">Oorsig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Oorsig"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Apamea_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Apamea_02.jpg/220px-Apamea_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Apamea_02.jpg/330px-Apamea_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Apamea_02.jpg/440px-Apamea_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="2283" /></a><figcaption>Die Romeinse bouvalle van Apamea</figcaption></figure> <p>Die huidige Republiek van Sirië het 'n betreklik kort geskiedenis – sy grense is min of meer eers ná die einde van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog getrek, en eers in 1946 het die land sy volledige onafhanklikheid verkry. </p><p>Hierdie kort geskiedenis as moderne staat kontrasteer met 'n lang tradisie van verskillende beskawings wat op sy gebied gehuisves is en onder die oudstes in die menslike geskiedenis gereken word. Die sentrale gedeelte van die Eufraatvallei was reeds omstreeks 10 000 v.C. 'n belangrike landboustreek waar graan verbou en vee geteel is. In die 2de en 3de millennium v.C. het invloedryke stadstate soos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebla (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ebla</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Siri%C3%AB" title="Mari, Sirië">Mari</a> relatief groot bevolkings gehuisves. </p><p>In die 20ste eeu het die bewoners van Sirië dekades lank onder vreemde heerskappy gestaan. Dié ervaring het, net soos die vinnige proses van modernisering en maatskaplike en ekonomiese omwenteling, die vorming van 'n gemeenskaplike nasionale identiteit bemoeilik. Net soos in ander ontwikkelende ekonomieë is die realisering van sosiale geregtigheid en die politieke en ekonomiese bemagtiging van alle etniese en godsdienstige groepe binne die Siriese samelewing sleuteltemas vir die verdere ontwikkeling van die land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antieke_tydperk">Antieke tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Antieke tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Antieke tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Griekse benaming Sirië het reeds in die 6de eeu v.C. ingeburger geraak, al het die geografiese gebied, waarna dié naam verwys het, grootliks gevarieer. Eers met die Romeinse verowering deur Pompeius in 64 v.C. het <i>Provincia Syria</i> na 'n vasomlynde administratiewe gebied verwys wat vanaf die Eufraatrivier tot Egipte gestrek het. Teen die begin van die Bisantynse heerskappy in die laat 4de eeu n.C. het Sirië egter slegs na die noordelike streke rondom Antiochië en Apamea verwys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabiese_verowering_en_Islamisering">Arabiese verowering en Islamisering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Arabiese verowering en Islamisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Arabiese verowering en Islamisering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG/250px-The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG/330px-The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG/500px-The_great_Umayyad_mosque_in_Aleppo_at_night.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>'n Nagaansig van die Groot Omajade-moskee in Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p>Die verowering van Damaskus in 635 was die beginpunt van die geleidelike Arabisering en Islamisering van die gebied. Vanuit die perspektief van die veroweraars, wat vanuit die Arabiese Skiereiland afkomstig was, het die Arabiese benaming al-Sjam gelykgestaan aan "die gebied aan die linkerkant" of "die noordelike gebied". Dié naam verwys in moderne Arabies nog steeds na die stad Damaskus. 'n Tweede benaming, Bilad al-Sjam ("die Siriese land"), het na bewoonde streke tussen die <a href="/wiki/Taurus" title="Taurus">Taurus</a>-gebergte en die <a href="/wiki/Sinai" title="Sinai">Sinai</a>-skiereiland verwys. </p><p>Gedurende die heerskappy van die Omajade-dinastie (661 tot 750) het Damaskus aan status gewen om uiteindelik die hoofstad en magsentrum van die Islamitiese Ryk te word. Met die magsoorname van die Abbasiede is die regeringsetel na Bagdad verskuif. </p><p>Sirië het in die volgende eeue onder die bewind van wisselende plaaslike heersers en dinastieë gekom, terwyl dele van Noord-Sirië tydelik deur die Bisantyne verower is. Die lang onstuimige tydperk het met die Seldjoeke-invalle in die 11de eeu en die vestiging van Seldjoekse vorstedomme in Aleppo en Damaskus voortgeduur. </p><p>Met die vestiging van Christelike Kruisvaarderstate in die Levant tussen 1099 en 1265 het belangrike stede soos Damaskus, Homs, Hama, Aleppo en Baalbek skatpligtig aan Europese heersers geword, al kon hulle hul politieke onafhanklikheid handhaaf. Plaaslike heersers en veldhere soos Noeraddin en Saladin het die uitbreiding van Kruisvaarderstate in bedwang gehou. Dié historiese periode het met die inneming van <a href="/wiki/Akko" title="Akko">Akko</a> deur die Arabiese Mameloeke geëindig. Omstreeks 1500 is Aleppo en Damaskus deur Mongoolse invallers onder Timoer verower en geplunder. Die verowering van Sirië deur die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a> in 1516 het 'n einde gemaak aan die Mamoeloeke-bewind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottomaanse_bewind">Ottomaanse bewind</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Ottomaanse bewind" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ottomaanse bewind"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg/220px-Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg/330px-Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg/440px-Azem_Palace_in_Hama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Die fasade van die 18de eeuse Ottomaanse Al-Azem-paleis in Hama weerkaats in 'n waterpoel</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Ottomaanse bewindhebbers het nuwe administratiewe strukture gevestig en Bilad al-Sjam in drie provinsies verdeel – Aleppo, Damaskus en Tripoli. Die provinsie Sidon is in die 17de eeu gevorm. Administratiewe hervormings is nog eens in die laat 19de eeu ingestel toe naas Damaskus, Aleppo en Beiroet ook Jerusalem en die Libanon-bergreeks selfstandige administratiewe eenhede geword het. Die huidige Siriese staatsgebied behels naas die vroeëre Ottomaanse provinsies Damaskus en Aleppo ook die distrik Deir ez-Zor. </p><p>Die nuwe absolutistiese regeringstelsel is deur die plaaslike bevolking veral aanvaar omrede die Ottomaanse soeltans naas hulle funksie as politieke heersers ook godsdienstige legitimasie as beskermers en bewaarders van die Islamitiese geloof gekry het. Daarnaas kon hulle op plaaslike elites steun, waaronder Islamitiese geleerdes, wat as 'n soort bemiddelaars tussen die magsentrum en die provinsies opgetree het. </p><p>Stedelike nedersettings het besondere funksies as administratiewe setels, handelspilpunte, pelgrimsplekke en godsdienstige sentra vervul. Ekonomiese, politieke en sosiale gesag was in die Ottomaanse tydperk veral in die hande van stedelike elites gekonsentreer. </p><p>Die reikwydte van die staatsgesag het nogtans grootliks gevarieer en in die laat 18de eeu 'n laagtepunt bereik. Die politieke gesag van provinsiale politieke akteurs soos die goewerneurs van Damaskus en Aleppo was in dié tyd min of meer beperk tot hul onmiddellike omgewing, terwyl stedelike bevolkings onder die konstante bedreiging van <a href="/wiki/Bedoe%C3%AFene" title="Bedoeïene">Bedoeïene</a>-aanvalle gestaan het. Baie plaaslike heersers het die onstabiele politieke situasie as 'n kans gesien om onafhanklik van die staatsgesag op te tree. </p><p>In 1831 het Ibrahim Pasja, die seun van die Egiptiese regent, Bilad al-Sjam binnegeval en dit beset. Eers nadat Europese moondhede, wat 'n verswakking of ontbinding van die Ottomaanse Ryk as 'n bedreiging vir hul eie belange beskou het, militêre druk uitgeoefen het, het Pasja hom in 1840 aan Sirië onttrek. </p><p>In die volgende dekades is administratiewe hervormings deurgevoer, die infrastruktuur uitgebou en die veiligheidsituasie verbeter deur nedersettings beter teen Bedoeïene-aanvalle te beskerm. Die sentrale staatsgesag is ook in afgeleë gebiede herstel. Handel en landbou het 'n bloeitydperk beleef, terwyl Europese rolspelers toenemend hul invloed op politiek en ekonomie laat geld het. </p><p>Europese moondhede – het veral Frankryk, die Verenigde Koninkryk en Nederland – het reeds vanaf die 16de eeu sekere handelsvoorregte in die Ottomaanse Ryk geniet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wedersydse handelsbetrekkinge is verder verstewig met die opheffing van monopolies en beperkings in 'n handelsooreenkoms wat in 1838 met Groot-Brittanje en Frankryk gesluit is gevolg deur soortgelyke ooreenkomste met ander Europese lande. </p><p>Die toenemende integrasie in die wêreldmark het ingrypende veranderings in alle velde van die samelewing meegebring. Europa was die voorbeeld en inspirasie vir 'n reeks hervormings waarna in Turks as <i>tanzimat</i> of "herordening" verwys is en waardeur veral die plaaslike administrasie, die onderwysstelsel en die leër geraak is. </p><p>Die invoer van Europese goedere het verbruikervoorkeure in stedelike omgewings na buitelandse produkte laat verskuif, terwyl inheemse ambagte – veral die tekstielbedryf – moeilike tye beleef het. Uit die Europese vraag na plaaslike landbouprodukte, wat nou winsgewend uitgevoer kon word, het 'n groeiende klas van middelmanne en handelaars met goeie betrekkinge tot Europa voordeel getrek. Baie van hulle was Christene of Jode. </p><p>Nadat die soeltan in 1856 die gelykstelling van alle onderdane, ongeag hul godsdiens, ingestel het, terwyl Europese moondhede openlik as beskermhere van Christene opgetree het (Frankryk het die belange van Rooms-Katolieke, Rusland dié van Ortodokse gelowiges beskerm), het sosiale spanninge in die tweede helfte van die 19de eeu langs godsdienstige breuklyne ontlont. In 1850 is Christelike buurte in Aleppo en tien jaar later ook in Damaskus deur Moslems aangeval. In Libanon het in 1860 spanninge tussen Maroniete en <a href="/wiki/Droese" title="Droese">Droese</a> ontvlam in bloedige gevegte. </p><p>Die nuwe Ottomaanse wet op grondbesit van 1858 het veral die bestaande elites van grondbesitters bevoordeel wat hul uitgestrekte besittings verder kon uitbrei. Hoe meer politieke mag en rykdom in die hande van tradisionele elites gekonsentreer was, hoe meer is bestaande afhanklikhede vergroot en nuwes geskep. Die oorspronklike stelsels van kollektiewe solidariteit, wat in plaaslike of stamgemeenskappe gewortel was, is vervang deur indiwiduele of klasgebaseerde sosiale differensiasies. </p><p>'n Nuwe en goed opgeleide klas van amptenare het die administrasie van die ryk behartig. Die vinnige uitbou van die onderwysstelsel het gepaard gegaan met die ontwikkeling van 'n veelsydige perslandskap wat as medium vir kulturele, literêre en politieke debatvoering op nasionale vlak kon dien en naas tradisionele, ruimtelik beperkte sosiale raamwerke soos dorpsgemeenskap, stam en geloofsgemeenskap bestaan het. Die nuwe openbare lewe is steeds deur manlike oorheersing gekenmerk, alhoewel vroulike lesers en outeurs debatvoerings gevolg en ook daaraan deelgeneem het. </p><p>Die ontwaking van 'n nuwe nasionale Arabiese bewussyn, waarna in Arabies as <i>nahda</i> verwys is, was 'n beweging met baie fasette. Dit was onder meer gemik op die vernuwing van literatuur, kultuur en taal, maar het hom ook beywer vir politieke en godsdienstige hervormings binne die bestaande Ottomaanse en Arabiese raamwerk van nasionale, kulturele en religieuse identiteite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Eerste_Wêreldoorlog"><span id="Die_Eerste_W.C3.AAreldoorlog"></span>Die Eerste Wêreldoorlog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Eerste Wêreldoorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Die Eerste Wêreldoorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Eerste Wêreldoorlog het vir die Siriese bevolking honger en ontbering gebring. Honderdduisende het aan wanvoeding en siektes beswyk, terwyl duisende jong mans gedwing is om in die Ottomaanse leër diensplig te doen. Naas die oorlogshandelinge is die land deur politieke onluste geraak. Arabiese elites, veral intellektueles en offisiere, het hulle vir die onafhanklikheid van Sirië beywer, dikwels deur geheime organisasies te stig. Alle pogings, om selfregering te wen is deur die Ottomaanse goewerneur van Damaskus bloedig onderdruk. </p><p>Die Verenigde Koninkryk het in dié tydperk 'n twyfelagtige beleid gevolg. So het die Britse Hoë Kommissaris in Egipte sy steun aan Arabiese vryheidsvegters toegesê wat die stigting van 'n onafhanklike Arabiese koninkryk voorgestaan het. In Junie 1916 het die <a href="/wiki/Hasjemiete" title="Hasjemiete">Hasjemitiese</a> <a href="/wiki/Sjarief" title="Sjarief">sjarief</a> van <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>, Hoessein, die bevolking tot opstand opgeroep. </p><p>Ander Britse verklarings en ooreenkomste oor die politieke toekoms van die Arabiese provinsies binne die Ottomaanse Ryk, soos die Sykes-Picot-verdrag van 1916 en die Balfour-verklaring van 1917, was onversoenbaar van mekaar. Die verwagtinge, wat die Britse beleid by verskillende groepe gewek het, was egter so onrealisties dat Londen ná die oorlog nie daaraan kon voldoen nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sosio-ekonomiese_ontwikkeling">Sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bedu_children,_Aleppo,_Syria_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/250px-Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/330px-Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/500px-Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1183" /></a><figcaption>Bedoeïenekinders in Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Damascus,_traditional_clothing_(6364877017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg/220px-Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg/330px-Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg/440px-Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Mans in Damaskus in tradisionele kleredrag</figcaption></figure> <p>Sirië is 'n land van kontraste, ook ten opsigte van sy etniese, godsdienstige en kulturele diversiteit. Sy bewoners deel nogtans 'n gemeenskaplike historiese ervaring as 'n samelewing waarin Islamitiese, Christelike en Joodse gemeenskappe eeue lank min of meer vreedsaam naas mekaar geleef het. Sosiale verskille en ongelykhede is nie beperk tot religieuse of etniese identiteite nie, maar bestaan ook ten opsigte van uiteenlopende leefstyle van verstedelikte, landelike of nomadiese bewoners. Sosio-ekonomiese veranderings het daarnaas in die laat 20ste eeu die ontstaan van 'n nuwe klas welgestelde stadsbewoners in die twee metropole Aleppo en Damaskus bevorder wat hul eie kulturele identiteit en leefstyl ontwikkel het. Dit verskil sterk van die leefwyses van arm stadsbewoners of plattelandse gemeenskappe. </p><p>Die huidige Sirië maak deel uit van 'n groter historiese kultuurlandskap, Bilad al-Sjam, wat sedert die vroegste geskiedenis die bakermat van 'n verskeidenheid beskawings was. So het nie alleen beskawings van die ou Midde-Ooste soos Sumeriërs, Akkadiërs, <a href="/wiki/Assiri%C3%ABrs" title="Assiriërs">Assiriërs</a> en Fenisiërs hul oorsprong in dié gebied nie, maar dit het ook 'n belangrike rol in die Hellenistiese en Romeinse geskiedenis gespeel. </p><p>Tientalle van versonke stede soos Ebla, Ugarit, Apameia, <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> of Bosra getuig net soos die vier moderne stede tussen die kusgebergte in die weste en die steppelandskap van Oos-Sirië, Aleppo, Hama, Homs en Damaskus, van 'n ryk verlede. Die godsdienstige diversiteit van Sirië kan teruggevoer word na die laat antieke tydperk toe Sirië een van die vernaamste provinsies van die <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse Ryk</a> was, en die vroeë Islamitiese periode. </p><p>Gedurende die Arabiese verowerings in die 7de eeu het Damaskus tussen 661 en 750 as hoofstad van die eerste Islamitiese dinastie, die Omajade, gedien en was sodoende die administratiewe sentrum van 'n wêreldryk wat van Spanje tot Sentraal-Asië gestrek het. Alhoewel die begin van kulturele, taalkundige en godsdienstige assimilasie deur die Arabiese veroweraars in hierdie tydperk val, was die heersers verdraagsaam teenoor die verskeidenheid van Christelike gemeenskappe wat met mekaar in godsdienstige opsig meegeding het. </p><p>Die Arabiese Ryk het vanaf die 9de en 10de eeu verbrokkel en die ontstaan van nuwe Turkse en Koerdiese elites bevorder. Die middeleeuse kruistogte het veral Christelike gemeenskappe in die Midde-Ooste onder druk geplaas, terwyl die <a href="/wiki/Mongole" title="Mongole">Mongole</a>-invalle hele landsdele verwoes en ontvolk het. Siriese stede, veral Aleppo, het vanaf 1516 onder die bewind van die Ottomaanse Ryk 'n kulturele en ekonomiese bloeitydperk beleef wat met sosiale mobiliteit gepaard gegaan het. So het 'n groot deel van vroeë 20ste eeuse stedelike elites hulle eers in die vier eeue onder Ottomaanse heerskappy in die land gevestig. Die meeste van hulle was immigrante uit Irak en Koerdiese streke. </p><p>Sirië as staat binne sy huidige grense het ná groot kulturele omwentelinge in die 19de eeu en die dikwels gedwonge vestiging van Tsjerkessiese en Armeense vlugtelinge ná die val van die Ottomaanse Ryk ontstaan, aanvanklik nog as mandaatsgebied wat vanaf 1920 deur Frankryk geadministreer is en sodoende onder sterk Europese invloed gekom het. Op 17 April 1946 het Sirië ná 'n rewolusie sy onafhanklikheid as Siriese Arabiese Republiek verklaar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etniese_en_godsdienstige_struktuur">Etniese en godsdienstige struktuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Etniese en godsdienstige struktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Etniese en godsdienstige struktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church,_Kessab,_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg/220px-Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg/330px-Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg/440px-Holy_Mother_of_God_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Armeense kerk in Kessab</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg/220px-Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg/330px-Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg/440px-Armenian_Cathedral_Deir_Ez_Zor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Monument vir die slagoffers van die <a href="/wiki/Armeense_volksmoord" title="Armeense volksmoord">Armeense volksmoord</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a> buite die 15de eeuse Katedraal van die 40 Martelaars in Deir Ez-Zour</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_(wadi_kandel_).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%28wadi_kandel_%29.jpg/220px-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%28wadi_kandel_%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%28wadi_kandel_%29.jpg/330px-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%28wadi_kandel_%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%28wadi_kandel_%29.jpg/440px-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%28wadi_kandel_%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Die Mediterreense kusgebied met die hawestad <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> word hoofsaaklik deur Alawiete bewoon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg/220px-Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg/330px-Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg/440px-Syria_Ethno-religious_composition..jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>'n Etno-religieuse kaart van Sirië. Sommige waarnemers voorspel 'n "Balkanisering" van die land, dit wil sê die verbrokkeling van Sirië as 'n politieke entiteit en die vorming van kleiner deelstate langs etnies-godsdienstige lyne</figcaption></figure> <p>Sirië se huidige bevolking van 22 miljoen bestaan uit meer as vyftien verskillende etniese en godsdienstige groepe. Die meerderheid Siriërs is van Arabiese afkoms, met sterk minderhede van <a href="/wiki/Koerde" title="Koerde">Koerde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%ABrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Armeniërs">Armeniërs</a>, Turkmene, Tsjerkesse, Arameërs en Assiriërs. Daar is geen amptelike statistieke oor Sirië se etniese en godsdienstige struktuur nie, en alle gegewens vir die verlede en die huidige tydperk in hierdie artikel berus op beramings.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koerdiese Siriërs is die grootste etniese minderheid met tussen tien en twaalf persent van die totale bevolking. Hulle is grotendeels in die noorde en noordooste van die land asook in die twee grootste stede Aleppo en Damaskus saamgetrek. Bekende stede en nedersettings in die Koerdiessprekende landsdele sluit al-Hasaka, al-Qamishli, Amuda, Afrin en Kurd Dagh ("Berg van die Koerde") in. </p><p>Die getal Toerkmene is in 2012 op sowat twee miljoen of nege persent van die Siriese bevolking beraam. Tsjerkesse is die kleinste etniese minderheid wat die Islamitiese geloof aanhang. Meer as een miljoen Arameërs en Assiriërs (sowat 4,5 persent) is grotendeels in Sirië se noordoostelike streek, al-Hasaka, en in <a href="/wiki/Ma%27loula" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'loula">Ma'loula</a>, 'n stad en gelyknamige streek noordoos van Damaskus, saamgetrek. </p><p>Die meeste Siriese Armeniërs het in die laat 19de en vroeë 20ste eeu as vlugtelinge uit Turkye na Sirië gekom. Minder as een persent van die Siriese bevolking is etniese Armeniërs wat hoofsaaklik in Aleppo, maar ook in Damaskus en stede in die noorde van die land gekonsentreer is. </p><p>Sirië is 'n oorwegend Arabiese land, waarby die Arabiese taal en kultuur nie eers met die Islamisering gevestig is nie. Suid-Arabiese stamme het al in die 2de eeu n.C. vanuit Jemen en Hadramaut in 'n noordwaartse rigting getrek en hulle uiteindelik in Sirië gevestig waar hulle met die plaaslike Aramese bevolking vermeng het. So was daar reeds vaste ekonomiese en kulturele strukture van Arabiese oorsprong toe die sogenaamde Noord-Arabiere in die 5de en 6de eeu die Islamitiese geloof ingevoer het. Die Noord-Arabiese invalle het aanleiding tot 'n verskeidenheid etniese konflikte gegee wat die verdere geskiedenis van die land sou bepaal. </p><p>Tradisioneel word ook die <a href="/wiki/Bedoe%C3%AFene" title="Bedoeïene">Bedoeïenebevolking</a> by die Arabiere gereken. Hulle is die oudste Arabiese bevolkingsgroep in die land en het oorspronklik 'n nomadiese leefstyl gevoer. Die historiese netwerk van karavane, waarvolgens handel in die Midde-Ooste gedryf is, is lankal deur moderne vervoer verdring. Nadat politieke grense getrek is, het die meeste Bedoeïene moeilikhede ondervind om vry te beweeg en was sodoende genoodsaak om ander bronne van inkomste te ontsluit. Die oorgrote meerderheid van Sirië se 100 000 Bedoeïene het by die ekonomiese ontwikkeling aangepas deur 'n halfnomadiese leefstyl te voer en hulle permanent op plekke te vestig. Enkele Bedoeïenetente kan nog steeds langs paaie aangetref word, soms selfs met kamele wat egter eerder as statussimbool beskou en baie selde as vervoermiddel gebruik word. </p><p>Naas die verskillende etniese groepe kan die Siriese bevolking verder onderverdeel word in 'n verskeidenheid godsdienstige strominge. So bestaan selfs die Islamitiese meerderheid van tussen 85 en 90 persent uit verskillende religieuse groeperings soos Soenniete (73 persent van die totale bevolking), Alawiete (tussen tien en elf persent), <a href="/wiki/Droese" title="Droese">Droese</a> (sowat drie persent), Ismailiete en Sjiïete. </p><p>Christelike Siriërs (tussen tien en twaalf persent) is eweneens aanhangers van 'n tiental uiteenlopende groeperings. Die Grieks-Ortodokse, Maronitiese, Siries-Ortodokse, Siries-Katolieke, Chaldeïese, Assiriese, Armeens-Katolieke en Armeens-Ortodokse Kerk word deur die staat erken, net soos Protestantse denominasies. Die Grieks-Ortodokse en die Melkitiese Grieks-Katolieke Kerk het die meeste aanhangers. Baie Christene uit Irak het onlangs weens die burgeroorlog in Irak na Sirië gevlug. </p><p>Naas Moslems en Christene is daar nog kleiner gelowe soos <a href="/wiki/Jesiede" title="Jesiede">Jesiede</a> ('n klein gemeente met aanhangers van hierdie selfstandige monotheïstiese godsdiens bestaan in die noordooste van die land) en 'n klein minderheid Jode (omstreeks honderd gelowiges) in Aleppo en Damaskus. Oorspronklik was Jode 'n vaste bestanddeel van Sirië se multikulturele beskawing. Die getal Arabiese en Sefardiese Jode is in 1948 op tussen 15 000 en 30 000 beraam. Die meeste Siriese Jode het hulle in Israel gevestig. </p><p>Etniese of godsdienstige groep vorm soms 'n meerderheid in bepaalde stadsdele of nedersettings, maar daar is andersins geen skeiding van woongebiede volgens etniese of godsdienstige lyne nie. Minderhede is egter tradisioneel in bepaalde landsdele saamgetrek. So word nedersettings in die sogenaamde Vallei van Christene (Wadi al-Nasara) of in die Qalamun-bergreeks oorwegend deur Christene bewoon. Ook staan enkele stadsbuurte in Aleppo, Damaskus en Homs histories as Christelike woonkwartiere bekend. Droese is tradisioneel uit Suwaida of die Droesegebergte (Jabal al-Druze of Jabal al-Arab) in die suide van die land afkomstig, maar het hulle in die 20ste eeu ook in Jaramana, 'n voorstad van Damaskus, gevestig. </p><p>Alawitiese woongebiede was oorspronklik in die kusgebergte van Noordwes-Sirië rondom nedersettings soos Latakia, Tartus, Jable en Baniyas geleë. Ismailiete is in Salamiya saamgetrek, 'n klein stad suidoos van Hama. Sirië se huidige demografiese verdeling word in toenemende mate deur sosiale, politieke en ekonomiese faktore bepaal. So vermeng etniese en religieuse groepe in nuut geboude stadsdele vir middel- en hoë-inkomstegroepe. Toenemende verstedeliking het daartoe bygedra dat stedelike sentra intussen die ingewikkelde etniese, godsdienstige en sosiale struktuur van Sirië weerspieël, terwyl landelike nedersettings hul oorspronklike demografiese strukture grotendeels bewaar het. </p><p>Sirië se godsdienstige en etniese pluraliteit is algemeen as kulturele rykdom ervaar. Alhoewel sosiale gapings verskeie kere aanleiding tot geweldpleging gegee het wat tot onluste tussen verskillende geloofsgroepe gelei het, so in 1850 in Aleppo en tien jaar later in Damaskus, was daar in vergelyking met Europa langer periodes van <a href="/wiki/Religieuse_pluralisme" title="Religieuse pluralisme">religieuse</a> en etniese pluralisme waartydens verskillende groeperings vreedsaam naas mekaar geleef het. Wedersydse respek baseer op sosiokulturele waardes wat deur alle etniese en religieuse groepe gedeel word. So het die verskillende bevolkingsgroepe in groot stede reeds in die Ottomaanse tydperk 'n gemeenskaplike tradisie van boukuns, binnenshuise versiering en meubilering ontwikkel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vlugtelinge">Vlugtelinge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Vlugtelinge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Vlugtelinge"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sirië is 'n toevlugsoord vir Palestynse en Irakse vlugtelinge. Golwe Palestynse vlugtelinge het hulle sedert die middel van die 20ste eeu ná die stigting van Israel in Sirië gevestig. Tans is daar 'n halfmiljoen Palestyne in die land. Danksy hoë geboortesyfers het hul getal ook as gevolg van natuurlike aanwas sterk toegeneem. </p><p>Vlugtelinge uit Irak het ná die Irakoorlog in 2003 na Sirië begin stroom, en duisende van hulle het in die land agtergebly. Palestynse en Irakse vlugtelinge geniet talle burgerregte en mag byvoorbeeld werk, terwyl hul kinders in openbare skole mag skoolgaan. Albei etniese groepe het al hul stempel op sekere buitewyke van Damaskus afgedruk soos byvoorbeeld Yarmouk, 'n stadsdeel wat oorspronklik net deur Palestyne bewoon is, en Jaramana waar talle Irakse vlugtelinge 'n nuwe tuiste gevind het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taal">Taal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Taal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Taal"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die oorgrote meerderheid van die Siriese bevolking praat <a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a> as moedertaal, terwyl Koerdies en Armeens belangrike minderheidstale is. Die Arameërs/siries is die laaste oorlewende sprekers van <a href="/wiki/Aramees" title="Aramees">Aramees</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a> en <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> is die belangrikste vreemde tale. </p><p>Terwyl Hoog- of Standaardarabies in Sirië net soos in ander Arabiese lande ampstaalstatus geniet, dien 'n plaaslike dialek van Arabies as algemene omgangstaal. Siriese Arabies verskil ten opsigte van sy woordeskat, grammatika en veral sy uitspraak van Standaardarabies. </p><p>Die plaaslike omgangstaal is nou verwant aan Libanese, Jordaanse en Palestynse Arabies. Dit maak sodoende deel uit van die kontinuüm van Arabiese dialekte, maar toon baie ooreenkomste met die moderne Arabiese skryf- en omgangstaal wat as verkeerstaal vir die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_w%C3%AAreld" title="Arabiese wêreld">Arabiese wêreld</a> dien om onderlinge kommunikasie te vergemaklik en in die media of vir toesprake gebruik word. Die plaaslike dialek se uitspraak kan – in teenstelling met sommige ander Arabiese dialekte – deur Afrikaanssprekendes of sprekers van Europese tale redelik maklik aangeleer word. </p><p>Aangesien vlugtelinge in Sirië gewoonlik Palestynse of Irakse Arabies besig, is daar 'n neiging om die verskillende dialekte te vermeng of Hoogarabies as verkeerstaal te gebruik. Die gebruik van minderheidstale soos Siries (wat deur Arameërs en Assiriërs gepraat word), Wes-Armeens (die taal van Armeense immigrante), Koerdiese dialekte, Turkomaans en Tsjerkessies word vanweë die heersende nasionalisties-panarabiese politieke ideologie in die openbare lewe en onderwysbedryf beperk. Sprekers van 'n Nieu-Wesaramese dialek word in <a href="/wiki/Ma%27loula" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'loula">Ma'loula</a> en twee ander nedersettings teen die oostelike helling van die Qalamun-bergreeks aangetref. </p><p>Aangesien die Volkebond in 1918 aan Frankryk 'n mandaat gegee het om Sirië te bestuur, het Frans dekades lank 'n belangrike rol in die onderwysbedryf en administrasie gespeel. Intussen is dit grotendeels deur Engels as verkeerstaal verdring. Tans leer nog sowat agt persent van Siriese leerders in sekondêre skole Frans as vreemde taal aan, in vergelyking met 92 persent wat vir Engels kies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiek">Politiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Politiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politieke_stelsel">Politieke stelsel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Politieke stelsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Politieke stelsel"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bashar_al-Assad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bashar_al-Assad.jpg/250px-Bashar_al-Assad.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bashar_al-Assad.jpg/330px-Bashar_al-Assad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bashar_al-Assad.jpg/500px-Bashar_al-Assad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Basjar_al-Assad" title="Basjar al-Assad">Basjar al-Assad</a> was van 2000 tot 2024 die president van die Arabiese Republiek Sirië</figcaption></figure> <p>Sirië is volgens die grondwet van 2012 'n eenheidstaat met 'n semipresidensiële regeringstelsel. De facto bestaan daar tans 'n eenpartystelsel aangesien een enkele politieke groepering, die Baath-party, 'n oorheersende rol in die politieke lewe speel. Formeel word die land deur 'n koalisieregering ("Nasionale Front vir Voortuitgang") geregeer wat deur die Baath-party en kleiner politieke groeperings gevorm is. Volgens westerse maatstawe het Sirië se regering 'n sterk outoritêre karakter. </p><p>Volgens artikel 3 van die grondwet dien die Islamitiese Sjaria as hoofbron vir die Siriese wetgewing. Watter regsreëls van die huweliks- en familiereg toegepas word, hang in Sirië van die geloofsgroep af. So mag Sjaria-wette uitsluitlik op Moslems toegepas word, vir Christene geld die <i>codex iuris canonici</i>. </p><p>Die wetgewende bevoegdhede en uitvoerende gesag van die president, wat ook as staatshoof en opperbevelhebber fungeer, strek wyd. Die president word volgens die grondwet deur die parlement benoem en vir 'n ampstermyn van sewe jaar regstreeks verkies. Hy stel die basiese riglyne vir die regeringsbeleid op, stel die lede van die regering aan en mag hulle uit hul ampte ontslaan, mag wetsontwerpe indien en 'n vetoreg uitoefen, mag die parlement ontbind en lede van die konstitusionele hof benoem. Die amp van president mag uitsluitlik deur Moslems beklee word. Die minimum-ouderdom vir die presidentsamp is ná die afsterwe van die langjarige president <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> verlaag van oorspronklik 40 tot 34 jaar sodat sy seun Basjar hom as staatshoof kon opvolg. In die nuwe grondwet van 2012 is die minimum-ouderdom weer tot 40 jaar verhoog. </p><p>Verdere vereistes is in 2012 met die oog op opposisielede in die buiteland gestel. Kandidate vir die presidentsamp moet volgens die nuwe grondwet in Sirië gebore wees, met 'n Siriese gade getroud wees en vir 'n minimum van tien jare in Sirië woon. Tans is daar min Siriese politici in die buiteland wat aan hierdie vereistes voldoen. Vanaf 2014 mag 'n president slegs twee ampstermyne van sewe jaar elk dien. </p><p>Die wetgewende gesag word deur die Volksraad uitgeoefen. Die 250 afgevaardigdes word vir 'n periode van vier jaar verkies. Die Baath-party is tans die sterkste party in die parlement, en sy sekretaris-generaal fungeer tegelykertyd as president. Kleiner politieke groeperings soos die Kommunistiese Party en die Arabiese Sosialistiese Unie vorm 'n koalisie of "Nasionale Front" met die Baath-party. Die huidige regering word verder gesteun deur die Siriese Sosiale Nasionalistiese Party (SSNP). </p><p>Geen politieke party mag 'n enkele etniese of godsdienstige groep verteenwoordig nie. So het die Siriese owerheid in die 1960's teen die klein Demokratiese Party Koerdistan-Sirië opgetree wat aanspraak daarop gemaak het om as politieke spreekbuis van die Koerdiese minderheid te fungeer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenmerke">Kenmerke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Kenmerke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kenmerke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg/220px-BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg/330px-BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg/440px-BankSharqAndBlueTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="2491" /></a><figcaption>Die hoofkwartier van die <i>Al Sharq</i>-bank en die <i>Blue Tower</i>-hotel in Damaskus</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Siriese ekonomie ondergaan tans 'n transformasieproses van 'n staats- na 'n sosiale markekonomie. Ekonomiese hervormings is ten opsigte van die plaaslike banksektor en versekeringsektor toegepas. Daarnaas kan die Siriese pond (Arabies: <i>lira</i>) intussen vry verhandel word en is maatreëls getref om buitelandse beleggings te beskerm. </p><p>Die hoë natuurlike bevolkingsaanwas van gemiddeld 2,5 persent sedert die begin van die 1990's lei daartoe dat werkskepping ondanks die ekonomiese groei ontoereikend bly. Tans is sowat veertig persent van die bevolking jonger as 14 jaar en beloop die reële werkloosheidsyfer waarskynlik meer as 20 persent. </p><p>Subsidies speel 'n belangrike rol by Sirië se sosiale beleid. Arm huishoudings (sowat dertig persent van die bevolking) ontvang regstreekse subsidies. Subsidies op dieselbrandstof is vanaf 2008 sterk verminder om die staatsbegroting verligting te gee. </p><p>Sirië se lae integrasie in internasionale markte verseker dat die land slegs in beperkte omvang deur die krisis in die wêreldekonomie geraak word, al het die groeisyfer van die reële bruto nasionale produk van 6,3 persent in 2007 en 5,1 persent in 2008 verminder tot 2,5 persent in 2009. Die inflasiekoers is in 2009 op 7,5 persent beraam. </p><p>Die staatsbegroting vir 2010 het voorsiening vir hoër bestedings vir ontwikkeling en die uitbou van Sirië se infrastruktuur gemaak. Die klemtoon in die ekonomiese vyfjaarplan 2010 tot 2015 het op vervoer, energie (veral <a href="/wiki/Hernieubare_energie" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernieubare energie">hernieubare energiebronne</a>), watervoorsiening en riolering geval. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landbou">Landbou</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Landbou" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Landbou"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg/220px-Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg/330px-Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg/440px-Olive_groves_in_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1270" /></a><figcaption>Olyfbome in die Wes-Siriese goewerment Homs</figcaption></figure> <p>Sirië is, ondanks pogings van regeringskant om die mynbou-, olie- en nywerheidssektore as nuwe ekonomiese basis uit te bou, steeds 'n oorwegend agrariese land. Byna dertig persent van die landoppervlakte of vyf miljoen hektaar word vir landboudoeleindes gebruik, terwyl meer as veertig persent (8,3 miljoen hektaar) as weivelde dien. Die landbousektor lewer nog byna 'n kwart van die bruto binnelandse produk op en verskaf 'n inkomste aan dertig persent van die ekonomies aktiewe bevolking.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die landbousektor het in die eerste dekade van die 21ste eeu voordeel getrek uit die Assad-regering se hervormingsbeleid. So is privaat boerderye deur nou samewerking met die staatsektor bevorder, onder meer deur die stigting van gemengde landbou-ondernemings wat masjiene en uitrusting doeanevry uit die buiteland mag invoer, subsidies vir saadgoed, pesdoders en kunsmis ontvang en belastingvryheid geniet. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Katoen" title="Katoen">Katoen</a>, wat op besproeide land verbou word, is die belangrikste agrariese uitvoerproduk. Tot en met 1974 het katoen 'n derde van alle Siriese uitvoere verteenwoordig voordat dit deur ruolie verbygesteek is. Danksy hoër pryse is dit nogtans steeds 'n belangrike bron van buitelandse valuta. Die helfte van Sirië se jaarlikse katoenoes word in plaaslike nywerhede verwerk, en daar word pogings aangewend om bestaande katoenvelde, wat veral in die Djazira-streek saamgetrek is, uit te brei. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Graan" title="Graan">Graan</a> en gars is eweneens belangrike landbouprodukte wat op byna twee derdes van die land se landbouoppervlakte verbou word. Deur middel van prysbeheer, liberalisering en die opgradering van besproeiingstelsels is koringproduksie in die 1990's verdubbel sodat graaninvoere verminder kon word. Maar ondanks verbeterde besproeiingsmetodes is die opbrengs van <a href="/wiki/Koring" title="Koring">koring</a> en ander landbouprodukte onderhewig aan faktore soos weerstoestande. Om hierdie risiko te beperk en produksie verder te verhoog is 140 damme opgerig wat 50 000 hektaar se landbougrond van besproeiingwater voorsien. </p><p>Ander agrariese produkte soos olywe, <a href="/wiki/Druiwe" title="Druiwe">druiwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appel" title="Appel">appels</a>, granaatappels, <a href="/wiki/Appelkoos" title="Appelkoos">appelkose</a>, vye, pistachioneute en <a href="/wiki/Amandel" title="Amandel">amandels</a> word hoofsaaklik vir die binnelandse mark verbou en net tot 'n mindere mate uitgevoer. Veeteelt, 'n bedryf wat hoofsaaklik deur nomadiese Siriërs oorheers word, speel eweneens 'n belangrike rol, alhoewel groot dele van die land as gevolg van klimaattoestande net tydelik as weivelde benut kan word. So word veral <a href="/wiki/Skaap" title="Skaap">skape</a> geteel, terwyl <a href="/wiki/Bees" title="Bees">beesteelt</a> meestal tot besproeide land beperk bly. Daarnaas word kalkoene, konyne, <a href="/wiki/Gans" title="Gans">ganse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Eend" title="Eend">eende</a> geteel. Byeteelt en <a href="/wiki/Vissery" title="Vissery">vissery</a> in die Middellandse See en die <a href="/wiki/Eufraat" title="Eufraat">Eufraatrivier</a> speel 'n minder belangrike rol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomie_onder_beleg">Ekonomie onder beleg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie onder beleg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie onder beleg"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Destruction_in_Homs_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Destruction_in_Homs_%284%29.jpg/250px-Destruction_in_Homs_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Destruction_in_Homs_%284%29.jpg/330px-Destruction_in_Homs_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Destruction_in_Homs_%284%29.jpg/500px-Destruction_in_Homs_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Oorlogskade in Homs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square,_Aleppo,_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square%2C_Aleppo%2C_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg/220px-Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square%2C_Aleppo%2C_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square%2C_Aleppo%2C_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg/330px-Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square%2C_Aleppo%2C_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square%2C_Aleppo%2C_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg/440px-Saadallah_al-Jabiri_square%2C_Aleppo%2C_after_the_explosion_of_October_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Saadallah al-Jabiri-plein in die middestad van Aleppo ná die ontploffing van drie motorbomme in Oktober 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>As gevolg van die burgeroorlog en die internasionale sanksieveldtog teen die bewind van president Assad is Sirië se ekonomie sedert 2011 onder beleg. Die bruto binnelandse produk, wat voor die krisis sowat 60 miljard VSA-$ beloop het, het na ramings met sowat 30 persent gekrimp. Terwyl die land voor die krisis nog jaarliks 2,5 miljard VSA-$ deur olieuitvoere verdien het, ly die ekonomie tans onder 'n netto-uitvloei van buitelandse valuta. Valutareserwes voor die uitbreek van die burgeroorlog is op tussen 16 en 18 miljard VSA-$ beraam. Nadat die ekonomiese lewe deur oorlogshandelinge en sanksies ontwrig is en militêre uitgawes drasties gestyg het, is Sirië in toenemende mate op kredietlyne aangewese wat deur sy politieke bondgenote beskikbaar gestel word. So het die Russiese Federasie, Irak en die Volksrepubliek van Sjina lenings beskikbaar gestel en soms ook handelskontrakte op 'n ruilbasis gesluit. </p><p>Die grootste kredietfasiliteit ter waarde van 3,6 miljard VSA-$ is in Mei 2013 deur Iran aan die Siriese regering toegestaan, veral om vir dringend benodigde olie- en meelinvoere te kan betaal. Volgens die ooreenkoms, wat in Julie onderteken is, sal Iran in ruil hiervoor aandele aan beleggings in Sirië ontvang.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tans word ruolie uit Iran per see na Sirië uitgevoer. </p><p>Die finansiële transaksie word deur die Siriese Handelsbank (<i>Commercial Bank of Syria</i>) en die Iranse Saderat-bank afgehandel en sal na verwagting ook die druk op die Siriese pond verlig aangesien minder buitelandse valuta vir invoere benodig word. Die Siriese pond het in Julie 2013 teen 'n sesde van sy oorspronklike waarde voor die burgeroorlog teen die Amerikaanse dollar verhandel. Vroeg in Julie het die pond teen SYP300 teen die dollar verhandel, maar later aansienlik verstewig tot SYP200. Vroeg in 2016 het die Siriese pond tot SYP400 teenoor die dollar verswak.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'n Ander Iranse kredietlyn ter waarde van een miljard VSA-$ is reeds uitgebrei om Iranse toerusting vir die Siriese elektrisiteitsbedryf en ander goedere te kan invoer. Volgens 'n ruilooreenkoms sal Sirië hiervoor met tekstiel- en fosfaatuitvoere asook uitvoere van landbouprodukte soos olyfolie en sitrusvrugte na Iran betaal. Sirië onderhandel tans ook oor 'n langtermynkrediet ter waarde van 2 miljard VSA-$, wat teen laerentekoerse verskaf en oor 'n langer tydperk terugbetaal mag word, met Iran. Iran het sy handelsbande met Sirië versterk en 'n vryehandelsooreenkoms met Damaskus gesluit waarvolgens invoertariewe vir Siriese goedere tot vier persent verlaag is. </p><p>Iran het al in die afgelope jare in Sirië se nywerheidsektor belê. So word in 'n gemeenskaplike aanleg motors vir die Siriese mark gemonteer. Nadat dele van die Noord-Siriese stad Aleppo, waar die meeste graanmeule gesetel is, deur rebelle ingeneem is, het Iran 250 000 ton meel verskaf om die bevolking in gebiede onder regeringsbeheer met brood te kan voorsien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/220px-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/330px-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/440px-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Dié padbrug naby Al-Rastan maak deel uit van die moderne M5-snelweg</figcaption></figure> <p>Sirië se vier internasionale lughawens in Damaskus, Aleppo, Latakia en al-Qamishli dien as spilpunte vir die nasionale lugredery Syrian Arab Airlines en 'n verskeidenheid buitelandse rederye. As deel van ekonomiese sanksies, wat die Europese Unie in Julie 2012 teen Sirië ingestel het, is 'n verbod op die koop van lugkaartjies van Syrian Arab Airlines deur EU-burgers geplaas (behalwe vir ontruimingsdoeleindes).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die grootste deel van Sirië se vragvervoer vind per trein plaas. Die nasionale spoorweë <i>Chemins de Fer Syriens</i> se netwerk verbind die land met Turkye se spoorweë. Die Siriese spoorweg-infrastruktuur is redelik goed ontwikkel en sluit moderne sneltreindienste in. </p><p>Sirië se padnetwerk is byna 70 000 km lank, insluitende 'n netwerk van moderne snelpaaie met 'n lengte van meer as 1 100 km. Die land se bevaarbare waterweë met 'n lengte van 900 km – hoofsaaklik die Eufraat-rivierloop – speel geen noemenswaardige ekonomiese rol nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/">"Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Desember</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsyria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiri%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2-3">2,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=59&pr1.y=13&c=463&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=">"Sirië"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Besoek op 3 Februarie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Vergelyk byvoorbeeld: <i>The International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 issued by Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor/U.S. Department of State, Syria: Executive Summary</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/193119.pdf">www.state.gov</a> (2 Januarie 2013); <i>Minority Rights Group International, Syria Overview</i>, Oktober 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorityrights.org/5266/syria/syria-overview.html">www.minorityrights.org</a> (2 Januarie 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Muriel Brunswig-Ibrahim: <i>Syrien</i>. Derde hersiene uitgawe. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Peter Rump 2009, bl. 140–141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035726/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/31/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBRE96U0XN20130731">"Iran grants Syria $3.6 billion credit to buy oil products"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 31 Julie 2013. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/31/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBRE96U0XN20130731">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 Augustus 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">1 Augustus</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+grants+Syria+%243.6+billion+credit+to+buy+oil+products&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F07%2F31%2Fus-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBRE96U0XN20130731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiri%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sp-today.com/en/"><i>Syrian Pound Today. Besoek op 3 Februarie 2016</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/sid_2CDF5542B6ADDE5A2E568DDAA182898F/DE/Laenderinformationen/00-SiHi/Nodes/SyrienSicherheit_node.html"><i>Duitse Departement van Buitelandse Sake: Sirië – Veiligheid</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Syria">"Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Desember</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FSyria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiri%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/">"Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Desember</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsyria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiri%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siri%C3%AB&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Syria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Syria">Sirië</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Syria">Sirië</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Asië" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Asië"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Asië" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahrein" title="Bahrein">Bahrein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangladesj" title="Bangladesj">Bangladesj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhoetan" title="Bhoetan">Bhoetan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Broenei" title="Broenei">Broenei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgisi%C3%AB" title="Kirgisië">Kirgisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koeweit" title="Koeweit">Koeweit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maledive" title="Maledive">Maledive</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mianmar" title="Mianmar">Mianmar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Mongolië">Mongolië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea">Noord-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oesbekistan" title="Oesbekistan">Oesbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oos-Timor" title="Oos-Timor">Oos-Timor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Singapoer" title="Singapoer">Singapoer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup>3</sup> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sirië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Emirate" title="Verenigde Arabiese Emirate">Verenigde Arabiese Emirate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Viëtnam">Viëtnam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Artsach" title="Republiek Artsach">Artsach</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Turkse_Republiek_van_Noord-Siprus" title="Turkse Republiek van Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Staat_Palestina" title="Staat Palestina">Palestina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China (Taiwan)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Suid-Ossetië">Suid-Ossetië</a><sup>2</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kerseiland" title="Kerseiland">Kerseiland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kokoseilande" title="Kokoseilande">Kokoseilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_en_Dhekeli%C3%AB" title="Akrotiri en Dhekelië">Akrotiri en Dhekelië</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Britse_Indiese_Oseaangebied" title="Britse Indiese Oseaangebied">Britse Indiese Oseaangebied</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. 2. Land deels in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. 3. Geografies in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, maar gereeld beskou as deel van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> a.g.v. kulturele en historiese oorwegings.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arabiese_wêreld" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ADDFAD;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Arabiese_w%C3%AAreld" title="Sjabloon:Arabiese wêreld"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#ADDFAD;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Arabiese_w%C3%AAreld" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Arabiese wêreld"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#ADDFAD;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Arabiese_w%C3%AAreld&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#ADDFAD;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arabiese_wêreld" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arabiese_w%C3%AAreld" title="Arabiese wêreld">Arabiese wêreld</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Algerië"><img alt="Vlag van Algerië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Algeri%C3%AB" title="Algerië">Algerië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara"><img alt="Vlag van Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Demokratiese_Republiek_Sahara" title="Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara">Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Comore-eilande"><img alt="Vlag van Comore-eilande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comore-eilande" title="Comore-eilande">Comore-eilande</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Djiboeti"><img alt="Vlag van Djiboeti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Djiboeti" title="Djiboeti">Djiboeti</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Egypt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Egipte"><img alt="Vlag van Egipte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Libië"><img alt="Vlag van Libië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Libi%C3%AB" title="Libië">Libië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Marokko"><img alt="Vlag van Marokko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Mauritanië"><img alt="Vlag van Mauritanië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mauritani%C3%AB" title="Mauritanië">Mauritanië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Soedan"><img alt="Vlag van Soedan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Somalië"><img alt="Vlag van Somalië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Somali%C3%AB" title="Somalië">Somalië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Tunisië"><img alt="Vlag van Tunisië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tunisi%C3%AB" title="Tunisië">Tunisië</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Bahrain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bahrein"><img alt="Vlag van Bahrein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bahrein" title="Bahrein">Bahrein</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Irak"><img alt="Vlag van Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Yemen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Jemen"><img alt="Vlag van Jemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Jordanië"><img alt="Vlag van Jordanië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Qatar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Katar"><img alt="Vlag van Katar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Koeweit"><img alt="Vlag van Koeweit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Koeweit" title="Koeweit">Koeweit</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Libanon"><img alt="Vlag van Libanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oman"><img alt="Vlag van Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/60px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië"><img alt="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sirië"><img alt="Vlag van Sirië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sirië</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Staat Palestina"><img alt="Vlag van Staat Palestina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Staat_Palestina" title="Staat Palestina">Staat Palestina</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Verenigde Arabiese Emirate"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Arabiese Emirate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Emirate" title="Verenigde Arabiese Emirate">Verenigde Arabiese Emirate</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451672">XX451672</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152411445">cb152411445</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152411445">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4058794-0">4058794-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003428">003428</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000123695958">0000 0001 2369 5958</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/abdea607-b696-4bc6-b5df-f1ed65d34a92">abdea607-b696-4bc6-b5df-f1ed65d34a92</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80061798">n80061798</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/18086faa-7f75-3ca3-a5bb-a77a83d4b200">18086faa-7f75-3ca3-a5bb-a77a83d4b200</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035790">10035790</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571218">00571218</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131031&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131031</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000979565&local_base=nlx10">000979565</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000572586&local_base=nsk10">000572586</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000159413">02-A000159413</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027356949">027356949</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21527102" class="extiw" title="d:Q21527102">TDVİA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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