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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Muhammad" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Muhammad" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Genealogi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kehidupan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehidupan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kehidupan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kehidupan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kehidupan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kehidupan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kelahiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelahiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kelahiran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelahiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkenalan_dengan_Khadijah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkenalan_dengan_Khadijah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Perkenalan dengan Khadijah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkenalan_dengan_Khadijah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memperoleh_gelar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memperoleh_gelar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Memperoleh gelar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memperoleh_gelar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerasulan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerasulan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Kerasulan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerasulan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mendapatkan_pengikut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mendapatkan_pengikut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mendapatkan pengikut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mendapatkan_pengikut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyebaran_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyebaran_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Penyebaran Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyebaran_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hijrah_ke_Madinah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hijrah_ke_Madinah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Hijrah ke Madinah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hijrah_ke_Madinah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembebasan_Makkah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembebasan_Makkah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Pembebasan Makkah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembebasan_Makkah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kematian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kematian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Kematian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kematian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deskripsi_fisik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deskripsi_fisik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deskripsi fisik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deskripsi_fisik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pernikahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pernikahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pernikahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pernikahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historiografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historiografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Historiografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historiografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Al-Qur'an" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Qur'an"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Al-Qur'an</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Qur'an-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi_awal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi_awal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Biografi awal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografi_awal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Hadis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warisan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warisan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Warisan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Warisan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Warisan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Warisan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tradisi_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradisi_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tradisi Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradisi_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sufisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sufisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Sufisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sufisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggambaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggambaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Penggambaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggambaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pandangan_Barat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pandangan_Barat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Pandangan Barat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pandangan_Barat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Agama lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Kritik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encyclopaedia_of_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Encyclopaedia of Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encyclopaedia_of_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 220 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-220" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">220 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%8F%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%8F%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%90%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5" title="መሐመድ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሐመድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%95" title="ܡܘܚܡܕ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܚܡܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="МухӀаммад – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МухӀаммад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d" title="Məhəmməd – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="حضرت محمد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حضرت محمد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_(%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%B9%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuomets" title="Mahuomets – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mahuomets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магамет – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магамет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухамад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мухамад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мохамед – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохамед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མུ་ཧ་མད། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མུ་ཧ་མད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухьаммад – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мухьаммад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF" title="محەممەد – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magumetu" title="Magumetu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Magumetu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммет пихампар – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мухаммет пихампар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Mohammed" title="Prophet Mohammed – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Prophet Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hemmed" title="Mıhemmed – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhemmed" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad_SAW" title="Nabi Muhammad SAW – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nabi Muhammad SAW" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8" title="Μωάμεθ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωάμεθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamedo" title="Mohamedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohamedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A9ammad" title="Muḩammad – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muḩammad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelaa%C9%97o_Muhammadu" title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamad" title="Mahamad – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mahamad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B3ma" title="Maóma – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maóma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6" title="મુહમ્મદ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુહમ્મદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahommad" title="Mahommad – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mahommad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohameka" title="Mohameka – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mohameka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מוחמד – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_pr%C3%B3f%C3%A9ta" title="Mohamed próféta – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohamed próféta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մուհամմադ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուհամմադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAhame%C3%B0" title="Múhameð – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múhameð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maometto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukamad" title="Mukamad – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mukamad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxammed" title="Muxammed – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Muxammed" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5emmed" title="Muḥemmed – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muḥemmed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%83%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwamet" title="Muwamet – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muwamet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мұхаммед – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A" title="មហាម៉េដ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាម៉េដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C" title="무함마드 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무함마드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AD%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AF" title="مُحَمَّد – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُحَمَّد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhemmed" title="Muhemmed – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muhemmed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomm" title="Mahomm – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mahomm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммед пайгамбар – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мухаммед пайгамбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometus" title="Mahometus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahometus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="МухӀаммад идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="МухӀаммад идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мугьаммад – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мугьаммад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeamed" title="Moeamed – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moeamed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometas" title="Mahometas – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mahometas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhameds" title="Muhameds – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muhameds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamady" title="Mohamady – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mohamady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мохаммад – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мохаммад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മുഹമ്മദ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Muhammad_(S.A.W)" title="Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%A7ammed" title="Muħammed – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Muħammed" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မိုဟာမက် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဟာမက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mametto" title="Mametto – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mametto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6" title="ମହମ୍ମଦ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହମ୍ମଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroumet" title="Maroumet – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Maroumet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Могамед – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Могамед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="मुहम्मद् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुहम्मद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83h%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Муhаммед – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Муhаммед" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoma" title="Maoma – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Maoma" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumettu" title="Maumettu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maumettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" title="Muḥammad – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Muḥammad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="මහම්මද්තුමා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහම්මද්තුමා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85" title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Maxamed_c.s" title="Nebi Maxamed c.s – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nebi Maxamed c.s" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammedi" title="Muhammedi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhammedi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhanmute" title="Muhanmute – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Muhanmute" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="முகம்மது நபி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்மது நபி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаммад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุฮัมมัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d" title="Məhəmməd – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Məhəmməd" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магомет – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магомет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="محمد بن عبد اللہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد بن عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometo" title="Maometo – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maometo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawoumet" title="Mawoumet – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mawoumet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93" title="מוכאמאד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוכאמאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9h%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%A1d%C3%B9" title="Mùhọ́mádù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mùhọ́mádù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ammed" title="Mo'ammed – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mo'ammed" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="模罕默德 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="模罕默德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Muhammad" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=edit" title="Halaman ini dilindungi. Anda hanya dapat melihat sumbernya. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Lihat sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=edit"><span>Lihat sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Muhammad" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Muhammad" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&oldid=26729524" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Muhammad&id=26729524&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuhammad"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuhammad"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Muhammad"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Muhammad&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Muhammad" hreflang="id"><span>Wikibuku</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Muhammad" hreflang="id"><span>Wikikutip</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div 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							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">Ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Validasi_halaman" title="Bantuan:Validasi halaman">versi stabil</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Catatan&type=review&page=Muhammad">terperiksa</a> pada tanggal <i>3 Januari 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333525">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-protection" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Semi-protection-shackle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halaman yang dilindungi semi"><img alt="Halaman yang dilindungi semi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/60px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/80px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Penyuntingan Artikel oleh pengguna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kelompok_pengguna#Pengguna_baru" title="Wikipedia:Kelompok pengguna">baru</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kelompok_pengguna#Pengguna_anonim" title="Wikipedia:Kelompok pengguna">anonim</a> untuk saat ini <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pelindungan" title="Bantuan:Pelindungan">tidak diizinkan</a>.</b><br />Lihat <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_pelindungan" title="Wikipedia:Kebijakan pelindungan">kebijakan pelindungan</a> dan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istimewa%3ALog&page=Muhammad&type=protect">log pelindungan</a> untuk informasi selengkapnya. Jika Anda tidak dapat menyunting Artikel ini dan Anda ingin melakukannya, Anda dapat memohon <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan%3AMuhammad&preload=Templat%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Templat%3AEdit+semi-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Permintaan+penyuntingan+halaman+dilindungi+sebagian+pada+17+Februari+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+semi-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Muhammad">permintaan penyuntingan</a></span>, diskusikan perubahan yang ingin dilakukan di <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Muhammad#top" title="Pembicaraan:Muhammad">halaman pembicaraan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection#Current_requests_for_reduction_in_protection_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">memohon untuk melepaskan pelindungan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Masuk_log" title="Istimewa:Masuk log">masuk</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Masuk_log/signup" title="Istimewa:Masuk log/signup">buatlah sebuah akun</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333525"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Artikel ini <b>perlu dikembangkan dari <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad">artikel terkait</a> di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris</b>.  <i><small>(Juli 2023)</small></i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25414984">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;"><div class="hidden-title" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left"><small>klik [tampil] untuk melihat petunjuk sebelum menerjemahkan.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuhammad&sl=en&tl=id">Lihat</a> versi terjemahan mesin dari artikel bahasa Inggris.</li> <li>Terjemahan mesin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.co.id/">Google</a> adalah titik awal yang berguna untuk terjemahan, tapi penerjemah harus merevisi kesalahan yang diperlukan dan meyakinkan bahwa hasil terjemahan tersebut akurat, bukan hanya salin-tempel teks hasil terjemahan mesin ke dalam Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia.</li> <li>Jangan menerjemahkan teks yang berkualitas rendah atau tidak dapat diandalkan. Jika memungkinkan, pastikan kebenaran teks dengan referensi yang diberikan dalam artikel bahasa asing.</li> <li>Setelah menerjemahkan, <code>{{Translated|en|Muhammad}}</code> harus ditambahkan di <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Muhammad" title="Pembicaraan:Muhammad">halaman pembicaraan</a> untuk memastikan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">kesesuaian hak cipta</a>.</li> <li>Untuk panduan lebih lanjut, lihat <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Terjemahan" title="Wikipedia:Terjemahan">Wikipedia:Terjemahan</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang nabi utama dalam Islam. Untuk orang lain yang bernama Muhammad, lihat <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_(nama)" title="Muhammad (nama)">Muhammad (nama)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Muhammad (disambiguasi)">Muhammad (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Muhammad</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname"><span lang="ar">مُحَمَّد</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Prasasti yang menyatakan Muhammad sebagai utusan Allah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/220px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/330px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/440px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Muhammad, Utusan Tuhan"<br />tertulis di pintu gerbang <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a> di <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25451299">.mw-parser-output .bahasa{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output 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.r-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:150px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-5px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .r-tooltip .r-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .r-tooltip:hover .r-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip .s-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-65px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip .s-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip:hover .s-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-91px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip:hover .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip .i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nama lain</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em;"><ul><li><i>Rasūlullāh</i> (Utusan Tuhan)</li><li><i>(lihat <a href="/wiki/Nama_dan_gelar_Muhammad" title="Nama dan gelar Muhammad">Nama dan gelar Muhammad</a>)</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Informasi pribadi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 570</span> <a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">M</a> (53 <a href="/wiki/Hijriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijriyah">SH</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConrad1987_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConrad1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data">8 Juni 632 (11 <a href="/wiki/Hijriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijriyah">H</a>) (umur 61–62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Makam</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;white-space;"><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Hijau" title="Kubah Hijau">Kubah Hijau</a> di <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a>, Madinah</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Muhammad&language=id&params=24_28_03_N_39_36_41_E_type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA&title=Green+Dome"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°28′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°36′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.46750°N 39.61139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.46750; 39.61139</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Green Dome</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agama</th><td class="infobox-data kategori">Islam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pasangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>lihat</i> <a href="/wiki/Istri-istri_Muhammad" title="Istri-istri Muhammad">istri-istri Muhammad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anak</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>lihat</i> <a href="/wiki/Anak-anak_Muhammad" title="Anak-anak Muhammad">anak-anak Muhammad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orang tua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib">Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib</a> (ayah)<br /><a href="/wiki/Aminah_binti_Wahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah binti Wahab">Aminah binti Wahab</a> (ibu)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dikenal sebagai</th><td class="infobox-data">Pendiri agama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kerabat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silsilah_keluarga_Muhammad" title="Silsilah keluarga Muhammad">Silsilah keluarga Muhammad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahlulbait" title="Ahlulbait">Ahlulbait</a> ("Keluarga di rumah")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nama_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nama Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">Nama Arab</a></b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ism_(nama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ism (nama) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pribadi <small>(<i>Ism</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Muḥammad</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Nasab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasab">Patronimik <small>(<i>Nasab</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Muḥammad bin <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib">ʿAbdullāh</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abdul Muthalib">ʿAbdul Muṭālib</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Hasyim_bin_Abdu_Manaf" title="Hasyim bin Abdu Manaf">Hāsyim</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Abdu_Manaf_bin_Qushay" title="Abdu Manaf bin Qushay">ʿAbdu Manāf</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Qushay_bin_Kilab" title="Qushay bin Kilab">Quṣay</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Kilab_bin_Murrah" title="Kilab bin Murrah">Kilāb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Kunyah" class="mw-disambig" title="Kunyah">Teknonim <small>(<i>Kunyah</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abul_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Qasim">ʾAbul Qāsim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">Julukan <small>(<i>Laqab</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penutup_para_nabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Penutup para nabi">Khātam an-Nabiyyīn</a> (Penutup para nabi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse sidebar-wraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Muhammad" title="Kategori:Muhammad">seri tentang</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad"><img alt="Muhammad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Muhammad2.svg/200px-Muhammad2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Muhammad2.svg/300px-Muhammad2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Muhammad2.svg/400px-Muhammad2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;">Kehidupan dan karier</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_di_Makkah" title="Muhammad di Makkah">Kehidupan di Mekkah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijrah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam_pertama" title="Negara Islam pertama">Muhammad di Madinah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Haji_Wada%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Haji Wada'">Haji Wada'</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ummahatul_mu%27minin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummahatul mu'minin">Pernikahan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kematian_Muhammad" title="Kematian Muhammad">Kematian</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;">Karier</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuzulul_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuzulul Qur'an">Wahyu pertama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karier_militer_Muhammad" title="Karier militer Muhammad">Karier militer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karier_diplomatik_Muhammad" title="Karier diplomatik Muhammad">Karier diplomatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_setelah_Pembebasan_Mekkah" title="Muhammad setelah Pembebasan Mekkah">Pembebasan Mekkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;">Mukjizat</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Quran">Al-Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra_Mikraj" title="Isra Mikraj">Isra Mikraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbelahnya_bulan" title="Terbelahnya bulan">Pembelahan bulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Muhammad" title="Mukjizat Muhammad">Mukjizat Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;">Pewaris</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Perpisahan_Khotbah_Nabi_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpisahan Khotbah Nabi Muhammad">Perpisahan Khotbah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hadits_pena_dan_kertas" title="Hadits pena dan kertas">hadits terakhir</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hadits" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadits">Hadits</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teks_Pidato_Ghadir_Khum" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Pidato Ghadir Khum">Ghadir Khum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saqifah_Bani_Sa%27idah" title="Saqifah Bani Sa'idah">Saqifah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ahlulbait" title="Ahlulbait">Ahlulbait</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">Sahabat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">Khulafaur Rasyidin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dua_Belas_Imam" title="Dua Belas Imam">Imam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam" title="Sejarah Islam">Sejarah Islam</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;">Pujian</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selawat" title="Selawat">Selawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulid" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulid">Maulid</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;">Terkait</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harta_milik_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harta milik Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Harta milik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninggalan_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninggalan Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Peninggalan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 0em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></span></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 0em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Muhammad2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Muhammad2.png/24px-Muhammad2.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Muhammad2.png/36px-Muhammad2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Muhammad2.png/48px-Muhammad2.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Muhammad" title="Portal:Muhammad">Portal Muhammad</a></span></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="background:white; padding:0 5px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Muhammad" title="Templat:Muhammad"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Muhammad" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Muhammad"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Muhammad&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muhammad</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">مُحَمَّد</span>; <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 570 – 8 Juni 632 <a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">M</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah seorang pemimpin agama, sosial, politik dan pendiri dari agama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut keyakinan umat Islam, dia adalah <a href="/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi">nabi</a> yang diberikan wahyu ilahi untuk memberitakan dan meneguhkan prinsip <a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">monoteistis</a> dalam ajaran <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Adam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Adam">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim (Abraham)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musa_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Musa (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Musa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Nabi_dan_rasul_dalam_Islam" title="Nabi dan rasul dalam Islam">Nabi</a> lainnya. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelchMoussalliNewby2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelchMoussalliNewby2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024–5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024–5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19989,12_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19989,12-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia diyakini sebagai <a href="/wiki/Penutup_Para_Nabi" title="Penutup Para Nabi">Penutup Para Nabi</a> dalam Islam. Muhammad menyatukan <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a> menjadi satu negara di bawah <a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_Islam" class="mw-disambig" title="Pemerintahan Islam">pemerintahan Islam</a>, dengan <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> yang menjadi dasar negaranya. </p><p>Muhammad lahir sekitar tahun 570<span class="nowrap"> </span>M di <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConrad1987_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConrad1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia adalah anak dari <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib">Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aminah_binti_Wahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah binti Wahab">Aminah binti Wahab</a>. Ayah Muhammad, Abdullah, adalah putra dari pemimpin konfederasi <a href="/wiki/Suku_Quraisy" title="Suku Quraisy">suku Quraisy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muthalib_bin_Hasyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Muthalib bin Hasyim">Abdul Muthalib bin Hasyim</a>. Abdullah meninggal beberapa bulan sebelum kelahiran Muhammad, sementara ibunya, Aminah meninggal ketika dia berusia enam tahun, meninggalkan Muhammad sebagai yatim piatu.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia dibesarkan di bawah asuhan kakeknya, Abdul Muthalib, dan setelah kakeknya meninggal dunia, ia diasuh pamannya, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Thalib_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Thalib bin Abdul Muthalib">Abu Thalib</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt19747_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt19747-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di tahun-tahun berikutnya, dia secara berkala mengasingkan diri di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabal_al-Nour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabal al-Nour (halaman belum tersedia)">gua Hira</a> selama beberapa malam untuk berdoa. Ketika dia berusia 40 tahun, sekitar tahun 610 M, Muhammad melaporkan telah dikunjungi oleh <a href="/wiki/Jibril" title="Jibril">Jibril</a> di dalam gua<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConrad1987_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConrad1987-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menerima <a href="/wiki/Nuzululqur%27an" title="Nuzululqur'an">wahyu pertamanya</a> dari Tuhan. Pada 613,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad mulai <a href="/wiki/Dakwah" title="Dakwah">berdakwah</a> secara terbuka,<sup id="cite_ref-Al-A'zami2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-A'zami2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menyatakan bahwa "<a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tuhan itu Esa</a>", kemudian bawa cara hidup yang benar adalah dengan "menyerahkan diri" (<span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Islam#Etimologi" title="Islam">islām</a></i></span>) kepada Tuhan,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan bahwa dia sekarang adalah seorang nabi dan utusan Tuhan, mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi">nabi dalam agama-agama Abrahamik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters20039_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters20039-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024-5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024-5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">Pengikut Muhammad</a> awalnya hanya berjumlah sedikit, dan bahkan mengalami <a href="/wiki/Penindasan_Muslim_di_Makkah" title="Penindasan Muslim di Makkah">penindasan</a> selama 13 tahun. Muhammad kemudian memutuskan untuk <a href="/wiki/Hijrah_Pertama" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijrah Pertama">mengirim beberapa pengikutnya</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Aksum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Aksum">Abyssinia</a> pada tahun 615, sebelum dia dan para pengikutnya bermigrasi dari Makkah ke Yatsrib (kemudian dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>) pada tahun 622. Peristiwa ini, yang disebut sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijrah</a></i>, menandai awal dari <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Islam">kalender Islam</a>, yang juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Hijriah" title="Kalender Hijriah">Kalender Hijriah</a>. Di Madinah, Muhammad menyatukan suku-suku di bawah <a href="/wiki/Konstitusi_Madinah" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstitusi Madinah">Konstitusi Madinah</a>. Pada bulan Desember 629, setelah delapan tahun saling berperang dengan dengan suku-suku Makkah, Muhammad mengumpulkan 10.000 tentara Muslim dan <a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Makkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Makkah">menaklukkan Makkah</a>. Penaklukan itu hampir tidak menghadapi perlawanan sama sekali dan Muhammad merebut kota itu hanya dengan sedikit pertumpahan darah. Pada tahun 632, beberapa bulan setelah kembali dari <a href="/wiki/Ziarah_Perpisahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziarah Perpisahan">Ziarah Perpisahan</a>, dia jatuh sakit dan meninggal. Pada saat kematiannya, sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a> telah masuk Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoltLambtonLewis197757_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoltLambtonLewis197757-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidus200231-32_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidus200231-32-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammad menerima wahyu sampai kematiannya, semua wahyu tersebut membentuk ayat-ayat di dalam <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>, yang dianggap oleh umat Islam sebagai "Firman Tuhan" dan telah menjadi dasar agama Islam. Selain Al-Qur'an, ajaran dan praktik Muhammad (<i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">sunnah</a></i>) dapat ditemukan di dalam literatur <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a> dan <span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sirah_Nabawiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirah Nabawiyah">sirah</a></i></span> (biografi Muhammad) dan juga menjadi sumber utama <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">hukum Islam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Nama_dan_gelar_Muhammad" title="Nama dan gelar Muhammad">Nama dan gelar Muhammad</a></div> <p><i>Muhammad</i> (<span lang="ar">محمد</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pelafalan</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Arab">[mʊħɑmmæd]</a></span> <small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/aa\/Ar-muhammad.ogg\/Ar-muhammad.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"id","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-muhammad.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Ar-muhammad.ogg/Ar-muhammad.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ar-muhammad.ogg" title="Berkas:Ar-muhammad.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah bentuk <i>isim maf‘ul</i> (kata sifat pelaku pasif) dari kata <span lang="ar">حمَّد</span> "banyak memuji", yang merupakan bentuk penegasan dari akar kata tiga hurufnya <span lang="ar">ح-م-د</span> <i>ḥ-m-d</i> yang lawan katanya adalah <span lang="ar">ذم</span> "mencela", sehingga <i>muhammad</i> berarti "yang banyak dipuji".<sup id="cite_ref-Lanelexicon_hmd_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanelexicon_hmd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, dalam salah satu ayat <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>, Muhammad dipanggil dengan nama "<i><b>Ahmad</b></i>" (<b>أحمد</b>), yang dalam bahasa Arab juga berarti "terpuji".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebelum masa kenabian, kerap dipanggil oleh orang-orang disekitarnya <i><b>Al-Amiin</b></i> yang artinya "orang yang dapat dipercaya". Para sejarawan berbeda pendapat apakah nama itu merupakan julukan yang diberikan karena sifatnya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19986_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19986-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atau hanyalah nama pemberian orang tua-nya yang merupakan bentuk maskulin dari nama ibunya, “Aminah” yang bermakna sama.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah masa kenabian para sahabatnya memanggilnya dengan gelar <i><b>Rasul Allāh</b></i> (رسول الله), kemudian menambahkan kalimat <i>Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam</i> (صلى الله عليه و سلم, yang berarti "semoga Allah memberi kebahagiaan dan keselamatan kepadanya"; sering disingkat "S.A.W" atau "SAW") setelah namanya.<sup id="cite_ref-singkatan_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singkatan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad juga mendapatkan julukan Abu al-Qasim<sup id="cite_ref-kunya_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kunya-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang berarti "Ayahnya Qasim", karena Muhammad pernah memiliki anak lelaki yang bernama Qasim, tetapi ia meninggal dunia sebelum mencapai usia dewasa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genealogi">Genealogi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Silsilah_keluarga_Muhammad" title="Silsilah keluarga Muhammad">Silsilah keluarga Muhammad</a></div> <p>Silsilah Muhammad dari kedua orang tuanya kembali ke Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (<i>Quraish</i>) bin Malik bin an-Nadr (Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (Amir) bin <a href="/wiki/Ilyas" title="Ilyas">Ilyas</a> bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma`ad bin <a href="/wiki/Adnan" title="Adnan">Adnan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silsilah sampai Adnan disepakati oleh para ulama, sedangkan setelah Adnan terjadi perbedaan pendapat. Adnan secara umum diyakini adalah keturunan dari <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Ismail">Ismail</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a>, yang selanjutnya adalah keturunan <a href="/wiki/Sam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam">Sam</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Nuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Nuh">Nuh</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p>Walaupun demikian, terdapat sejarawan yang menyusun silsilah yang lebih jauh lagi. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar al-Madani, di salah satu riwayatnya menyebutkan silsilah hingga <a href="/wiki/Adam_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Adam (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Adam</a>. Silsilah tersebut adalah Muhammad bin <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Syaibah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah bin Syaibah">Abdullah</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Syaibah_bin_H%C3%A2syim" class="mw-redirect" title="Syaibah bin Hâsyim">Abdul Mutthalib</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Hasyim_bin_%27Abd_al-Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasyim bin 'Abd al-Manaf">Hasyim</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Abdulmanaf_bin_Qushay" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmanaf bin Qushay">Abdul Manaf</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Qushay_bin_Kilab" title="Qushay bin Kilab">Qushay</a> bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin <a href="/wiki/Fihr_bin_Malik" title="Fihr bin Malik">Fihr</a> (Quraisy) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin <a href="/wiki/Ya%27rub" title="Ya'rub">Ya'rub</a> bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin <b><a href="/wiki/Ismail" title="Ismail">Ismail</a></b> bin <b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a></b> bin <a href="/wiki/Terah" title="Terah">Tarih</a> (Azar) bin <a href="/wiki/Nahor" title="Nahor">Nahur</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Serug" title="Serug">Saru’</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Rehu" title="Rehu">Ra’u</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Peleg" title="Peleg">Falikh</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Aybir</a> bin Syalikh bin <a href="/wiki/Arpakhsad" title="Arpakhsad">Arfakhsyad</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Sem" title="Sem">Sam</a> bin <b><a href="/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh">Nuh</a></b> bin <a href="/wiki/Lamekh" title="Lamekh">Lamikh</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Metusalah" title="Metusalah">Mutusyalikh</a> bin <b><a href="/wiki/Idris" title="Idris">Akhnukh</a></b> bin <a href="/wiki/Yared" class="mw-disambig" title="Yared">Yarda</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Mahalaleel" title="Mahalaleel">Mahlil</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Qinan</a> bin <a href="/wiki/Enos_(Alkitab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enos (Alkitab)">Yanish</a> bin <b><a href="/wiki/Syits" title="Syits">Syits</a></b> bin <b><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan">Kehidupan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_di_Makkah" title="Muhammad di Makkah">Muhammad di Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_di_Madinah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad di Madinah">Muhammad di Madinah</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_setelah_Pembebasan_Makkah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad setelah Pembebasan Makkah (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad setelah Pembebasan Makkah</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelahiran">Kelahiran</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Maulud_Nabi_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulud Nabi Muhammad">Maulud Nabi Muhammad</a></div> <p>Para ulama dan penulis <i>sirah</i> sepakat bahwa hari kelahiran Muhammad jatuh pada bulan Rabiul Awal.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad lahir di <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, kota bagian selatan <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a>, sekitar tahun 570, berdekatan dengan <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Gajah" title="Tahun Gajah">Tahun Gajah</a> yang merupakan tahun kegagalan penyerangan Makkah oleh pasukan bergajah di bawah pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Abrahah" title="Abrahah">Abrahah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abraha_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abraha-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncWorldHistory_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncWorldHistory-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pendapat paling mashyur merujuk tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal sebagai hari kelahiran Muhammad. Berdasarkan teks hadis, Muhammad menyebut hari Senin sebagai hari kelahirannya. Penulis <i>sirah</i> Sulaiman Al-Manshurfuri dan ahli astronomi Mahmud Basya dalam penelitiannya melacak hari Senin yang dimaksud bertepatan dengan tanggal 9 Rabiul Awal. </p><p>Muhammad berasal dari salah satu klan <a href="/wiki/Suku_Quraisy" title="Suku Quraisy">suku Quraisy</a> yakni <a href="/wiki/Bani_Hasyim" title="Bani Hasyim">Bani Hasyim</a> yang mewarisi silsilah terhormat di Makkah, meskipun tak terpandang karena kekayaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-EoI-Muhammad_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoI-Muhammad-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayahnya, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Syaibah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah bin Syaibah">Abdullah</a> meninggal saat Muhammad masih dalam kandungan, enam bulan sebelum kelahiran.<sup id="cite_ref-Meri2004_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meri2004-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad bayi dibawa tinggal bersama keluarga dusun di pedalaman, mengikuti tradisi perkotaan kala itu untuk memperkuat fisik dan menghindarkan anak dari penyakit perkotaan.<sup id="cite_ref-WattHalimah_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WattHalimah-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia diasuh dan disusui oleh <a href="/wiki/Halimah_As-Sa%27diyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Halimah As-Sa'diyah">Halimah binti Abi Dhuayb</a> di kampung Bani Saad selama dua tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-IntroQuran182_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntroQuran182-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah itu, Muhammad kecil dikembalikan untuk diasuh kepada budak <a href="/wiki/Ummu_Aiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummu Aiman">Ummu Aiman</a>. Pada usia ke-6, Muhammad kehilangan ibunya, <a href="/wiki/Aminah_binti_Wahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah binti Wahab">Aminah</a> karena sakit.<sup id="cite_ref-IntroQuran182_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntroQuran182-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selama dua tahun berikutnya, kebutuhan Muhammad ditanggung dan dicukupi oleh kakeknya dari keluarga ayah, <a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Muththalib" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Muththalib">'Abd al-Muththalib</a>. Ketika berusia delapan tahun, kakeknya meninggal dan Muhammad berikutnya diasuh oleh pamannya <a href="/wiki/Abu_Thalib" title="Abu Thalib">Abu Thalib</a> yang tampil sebagai pemuka Bani Hasyim sepeninggal Abdul Muththalib.<sup id="cite_ref-IntroQuran182_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntroQuran182-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Watt7_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watt7-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perkenalan_dengan_Khadijah">Perkenalan dengan Khadijah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333525"><table class="box-Tanpa_referensi plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bab atau bagian ini <b>tidak memiliki <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">referensi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">sumber tepercaya</a></b> sehingga isinya tidak bisa <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pemastian" title="Wikipedia:Pemastian">dipastikan</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Tolong bantu <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=edit">perbaiki artikel ini</a></span> dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi/Kembangkan#Bab_atau_bagian" title="Wikipedia:Warung Kopi/Kembangkan">Bab atau bagian</a> ini akan dihapus bila tidak tersedia referensi ke <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">sumber tepercaya</a> dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Catatan_kaki" title="Bantuan:Catatan kaki">catatan kaki</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_luar" title="Wikipedia:Pranala luar">pranala luar</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ketika Muhammad mencapai usia <a href="/wiki/Remaja" title="Remaja">remaja</a> dan berkembang menjadi seorang yang dewasa, ia mulai mempelajari <a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">ilmu</a> <a href="/wiki/Bela_diri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela diri">bela diri</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Memanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Memanah">memanah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> begitu pula dengan ilmu untuk menambah keterampilannya dalam berdagang. Perdagangan menjadi hal yang umum dilakukan dan dianggap sebagai salah satu pendapatan yang stabil. Muhammad sering menemani pamannya berdagang ke arah utara dan kabar tentang kejujuran dan sifatnya yang dapat dipercaya menyebar luas dengan cepat, membuatnya banyak dipercaya sebagai agen penjual perantara barang dagangan penduduk <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>. </p><p>Salah seseorang yang mendengar tentang kabar adanya anak muda yang bersifat jujur dan dapat dipercaya dalam berdagang dengan adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Janda" class="mw-disambig" title="Janda">janda</a> yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Khadijah_binti_Khuwailid" title="Khadijah binti Khuwailid">Khadijah binti Khuwailid</a>. Ia adalah seseorang yang memiliki status tinggi di kalangan <a href="/wiki/Suku_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Arab">suku Arab</a>. Sebagai seorang pedagang, ia juga sering mengirim barang dagangan ke berbagai pelosok daerah di tanah Arab.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> Reputasi Muhammad membuat Khadijah memercayakannya untuk mengatur barang dagangan Khadijah, Muhammad dijanjikan olehnya akan dibayar dua kali lipat dan Khadijah sangat terkesan ketika sekembalinya Muhammad membawakan hasil berdagang yang lebih dari biasanya. </p><p>Seiring waktu akhirnya Muhammad menikah dengan Khadijah, mereka menikah pada saat Muhammad berusia 25 tahun. Saat itu Khadijah telah berusia mendekati umur 40 tahun. Perbedaan umur yang jauh dan status janda yang dimiliki oleh Khadijah tidak menjadi halangan bagi mereka, walaupun pada saat itu suku <a href="/wiki/Quraisy" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraisy">Quraisy</a> memiliki <a href="/wiki/Budaya" title="Budaya">budaya</a> yang lebih menekankan kepada perkawinan dengan seorang gadis ketimbang janda.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> Meskipun kekayaan mereka semakin bertambah, Muhammad tetap hidup sebagai orang yang sederhana,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> ia lebih memilih untuk menggunakan hartanya untuk hal-hal yang lebih penting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memperoleh_gelar">Memperoleh gelar</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Hajar_Aswad#Muhammad" title="Hajar Aswad">Hajar Aswad § Muhammad</a></div> <p>Ketika Muhammad berumur 35 tahun, ia ikut bersama kaum Quraisy dalam perbaikan Ka'bah. Pada saat pemimpin-pemimpin suku Quraisy berdebat tentang siapa yang berhak meletakkan <a href="/wiki/Hajar_Aswad" title="Hajar Aswad">Hajar Aswad</a>, Muhammad dapat menyelesaikan masalah tersebut dan memberikan penyelesaian adil. Saat itu ia dikenal di kalangan suku-suku Arab karena sifat-sifatnya yang terpuji. Kaumnya sangat mencintainya, hingga akhirnya ia memperoleh gelar <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">Al-Amin</a></i> yang artinya "<i><b>orang yang dapat dipercaya</b></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diriwayatkan pula bahwa Muhammad adalah orang yang percaya sepenuhnya dengan keesaan <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> Ia hidup dengan cara amat sederhana dan membenci sifat-sifat tamak, angkuh dan sombong yang lazim di kalangan bangsa Arab saat itu. Ia dikenal menyayangi orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Miskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Miskin">miskin</a>, janda-janda tak mampu dan anak-anak yatim serta berbagi penderitaan dengan berusaha menolong mereka. Ia juga menghindari semua kejahatan yang sudah membudaya di kalangan bangsa Arab pada masa itu seperti <a href="/wiki/Judi" class="mw-redirect" title="Judi">berjudi</a>, meminum <a href="/wiki/Minuman_beralkohol" title="Minuman beralkohol">minuman keras</a>, berkelakuan kasar dan lain-lain, sehingga ia dikenal sebagai <i><b>As-Saadiq</b></i> yang berarti "yang benar".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerasulan">Kerasulan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam">Eskatologi Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333518"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam"><span style="color:#008001"><u>Eskatologi Islam</u></span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.3em; background:#008001"><center><span style="color:white">Tokoh</span></center></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dzulqarnain" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzulqarnain">Dzū al-Qarnayn (<b>ذي القرنين</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad (<b>محمد</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imam_Mahdi" title="Imam Mahdi">Imam Mahdī (<b>مهدي</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi (<b>محمد المهدي</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa (<b>عيسى</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dajjal" title="Dajjal">Dajjāl (<b>الدّجّال</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawārij (<b>خوارج</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ya%E2%80%99juj_dan_Ma%E2%80%99juj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya’juj dan Ma’juj">Yā'jūj dan Mā'jūj (<b>يأجوج ومأجوج</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dzu_as-Suwayqatayn" title="Dzu as-Suwayqatayn">Dzū as-Suwayqatayn (<b>ذوالسويقتين</b>)</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.3em; background:#008001"><center><span style="color:white">Makhluk Gaib</span></center></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arham" title="Arham">Al-Arham (<b>الارحام</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qarin" title="Qarin">Qarīn (<b>قرين</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dabbat_al-Ard" title="Dabbat al-Ard">Dābbat al-Ard (<b>دابة الأرض</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Izrail" class="mw-redirect" title="Izrail">Malak al-Mawt (<b>ملك الموت</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%27Arsy#Hamalat_al-‘Arsy" class="mw-redirect" title="'Arsy">Hamalat al-‘Arsy (<b>حملة العرش</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Kirâman Kâtibîn (كراماً كاتبين)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mu%E2%80%99aqqibat" title="Mu’aqqibat">Mu’aqqibat (<b>معقبت</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Munkar_dan_Nakir" title="Munkar dan Nakir">Munkar dan Nakīr (<b>منكر و نكير</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl (<b>إسرافيل</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malik_(malaikat)" title="Malik (malaikat)">Mâlik (<b>ملك</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malaikat_%60Azab" title="Malaikat `Azab">Malak al-`Adzāb (<b>ملك العذاب</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malaikat_Rahmat" title="Malaikat Rahmat">Malak ar-Rahmah (<b>ملك الرحمة</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zabaniah" title="Zabaniah">Zabāniyah (<b>زبانيه</b>)</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.3em; background:#008001"><center><span style="color:white">Lokasi</span></center></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah (<b>الكعبة</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akhirat" title="Akhirat">Âkhirat (<b>الآخرة</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Barzakh" title="Barzakh">Barzakh (<b>برزخ</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mahsyar" title="Mahsyar">Mahsyar (<b>محشر</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shirath" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirath">Shirāth (<b>الصراط</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qanthorah" title="Qanthorah">Qanthorah (<b>قنطرة</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Firdaus" class="mw-disambig" title="Firdaus">Firdaws (<b>فردوس</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahannam">Jahannam (<b>جهنم</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannah">Jannah (<b>جنّة</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98Arsy" class="mw-redirect" title="‘Arsy">'Arasy (<b>عَرْش</b>)</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.3em; background:#008001"><center><span style="color:white">Peristiwa</span></center></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Isra_dan_Mikraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra dan Mikraj">Isra dan Mikraj (<b>الإسراء والمعراج</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terbelahnya_bulan" title="Terbelahnya bulan">Bulan terbelah (<b>انشقاق القمر</b>)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yaumul_Qiyamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaumul Qiyamah">Yawm al-Qiyāmah (<b>يوم القيامة</b>)</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26593761">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam </a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Eskatologi_Islam" title="Templat:Eskatologi Islam"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Eskatologi_Islam" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Eskatologi Islam"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Eskatologi_Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cave_Hira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/175px-Cave_Hira.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/263px-Cave_Hira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/350px-Cave_Hira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="1976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gua_Hira" title="Gua Hira">Gua Hira</a> tempat pertama kali Muhammad memperoleh wahyu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Muhammad dilahirkan di tengah-tengah masyarakat terbelakang yang senang dengan kekerasan dan pertempuran dan menjelang usianya yang ke-40, ia sering menyendiri ke <a href="/wiki/Gua_Hira" title="Gua Hira">Gua Hira</a>' sebuah gua bukit sekitar 6 km sebelah timur kota <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, yang kemudian dikenali sebagai <i>Jabal An Nur</i>. Ia bisa berhari-hari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafakur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafakur (halaman belum tersedia)">bertafakur</a> (merenung) dan mencari ketenangan dan sikapnya itu dianggap sangat bertentangan dengan kebudayaan Arab pada zaman tersebut yang senang bergerombol. Dari sini, ia sering berpikir dengan mendalam, dan memohon kepada Allah supaya memusnahkan ke<a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">kafiran</a> dan kebodohan. </p><p>Muhammad pertama kali diangkat menjadi rasul pada malam hari tanggal 17 <a href="/wiki/Ramadhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadhan">Ramadhan</a>/ 6 Agustus 611 M, diriwayatkan <a href="/wiki/Malaikat" title="Malaikat">Malaikat</a> <a href="/wiki/Jibril" title="Jibril">Jibril</a> datang dan membacakan <a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">surah</a> pertama dari Quran yang disampaikan kepada Muhammad, yaitu surah <i>Al-Alaq</i>. Muhammad diperintahkan untuk membaca <a href="/wiki/Ayat" title="Ayat">ayat</a> yang telah disampaikan kepadanya, namun ia mengelak dengan berkata ia tak bisa membaca. Jibril mengulangi tiga kali meminta agar Muhammad membaca, tetapi jawabannya tetap sama. Jibril berkata: </p> <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(1) Bacalah dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;"><span dir="rtl"><span lang="ar">اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/20px-Aya-1.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/30px-Aya-1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/40px-Aya-1.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(2) Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;"><span dir="rtl"><span lang="ar">خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/20px-Aya-2.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/30px-Aya-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/40px-Aya-2.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(3) Bacalah, dan Tuhanmulah Yang Mahamulia, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;"><span dir="rtl"><span lang="ar">اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/20px-Aya-3.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/30px-Aya-3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/40px-Aya-3.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(4) Yang mengajar (manusia) dengan pena. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;"><span dir="rtl"><span lang="ar">الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/20px-Aya-4.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/30px-Aya-4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/40px-Aya-4.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(5) Dia mengajarkan manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;"><span dir="rtl"><span lang="ar">عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/20px-Aya-5.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/30px-Aya-5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/40px-Aya-5.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—Quran.com<sup>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/96/1-5">Al-'Alaq:1-5</a>]</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Muhammad berusia 40 tahun 6 bulan dan 8 hari ketika ayat pertama sekaligus pengangkatannya sebagai rasul disampaikan kepadanya menurut perhitungan <a href="/wiki/Hijriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijriyah">tahun kamariah</a> (penanggalan berdasarkan bulan), atau 39 tahun 3 bulan 8 hari menurut perhitungan tahun syamsiah atau tahun <a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">masehi</a> (penanggalan berdasarkan matahari). Setelah kejadian di Gua Hira tersebut, Muhammad kembali ke rumahnya, diriwayatkan ia merasakan suhu tubuhnya panas dan dingin secara bergantian akibat peristiwa yang baru saja dialaminya dan meminta istrinya agar memberinya selimut. </p><p>Diriwayatkan pula untuk lebih menenangkan hati suaminya, Khadijah mengajak Muhammad mendatangi saudara sepupunya yang juga seorang <a href="/wiki/Nasrani" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nasrani">Nasrani</a> yaitu <a href="/wiki/Waraqah_bin_Naufal" title="Waraqah bin Naufal">Waraqah bin Naufal</a> seorang pendeta yang buta. Waraqah banyak mengetahui nubuat tentang nabi terakhir dari kitab-kitab suci Kristen dan Yahudi. Mendengar cerita yang dialami Muhammad, Waraqah pun berkata, bahwa ia telah dipilih oleh Tuhan menjadi seorang nabi. Kemudian Waraqah menyebutkan bahwa <i>An-Nâmûs al-Akbar</i> (Malaikat Jibril) telah datang kepadanya, kaumnya akan mengatakan bahwa ia seorang penipu, mereka akan memusuhi dan melawannya. </p><p>Ketika Waraqah wafat, firman Allah tidak datang-datang kepada Nabi Muhammad dalam kurun beberapa waktu. Yang mana membuat ia begitu sedih, sampai-sampai ia beranjak ke gunung tinggi dan mencoba bunuh diri. Namun di saat sesampainya di puncak, sebelum sempat melakukannya, Malaikat Jibril datang untuk meyakinkan ia bahwa ia adalah benar utusan Sang Ilahi. Sehingga ia pun menjadi tenang dan mengurungkan niatnya. Dan ketika selang waktu turunnya ayat kembali menjadi lama, ia pun kembali melakukan hal serupa. Akan tetapi ketika sesampainya di puncak, lagi-lagi Malaikat Jibril datang meyakinkan ia bahwa ia adalah utusan Sang Ilahi.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammad menerima ayat-ayat Quran secara berangsur-angsur dalam jangka waktu 23 tahun. Ayat-ayat tersebut diturunkan berdasarkan kejadian faktual yang sedang terjadi, sehingga hampir setiap ayat Quran turun disertai oleh <a href="/wiki/Asbabun_Nuzul" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbabun Nuzul">Asbabun Nuzul</a> (sebab/kejadian yang mendasari penurunan ayat). Ayat-ayat yang turun sejauh itu dikumpulkan sebagai kompilasi bernama <i>Al-ushaf</i> yang juga dinamakan <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a></i> (bacaan). </p><p>Sebagian ayat Quran mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">tafsir</a> atau pengertian yang izhar (jelas), terutama ayat-ayat mengenai <a href="/wiki/Hukum_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Islam">hukum Islam</a>, hukum perdagangan, hukum pernikahan dan landasan peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Islam dalam aspek lain. Sedangkan sebagian ayat lain yang diturunkan pada Muhammad bersifat samar pengertiannya, dalam artian perlu ada interpretasi dan pengkajian lebih mendalam untuk memastikan makna yang terkandung di dalamnya, dalam hal ini kebanyakan Muhammad memberi contoh langsung penerapan ayat-ayat tersebut dalam interaksi sosial dan religiusnya sehari-hari, sehingga para pengikutnya mengikutinya sebagai contoh dan standar dalam berperilaku dan bertata krama dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mendapatkan_pengikut">Mendapatkan pengikut</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/As-Sabiqun_al-Awwalun" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun">As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun</a></div> <p>Selama tiga tahun pertama sejak pengangkatannya sebagai rasul, Muhammad hanya menyebarkan Islam secara terbatas di kalangan teman-teman dekat dan kerabatnya, hal ini untuk mencegah timbulnya reaksi akut dan masif dari kalangan bangsa Arab saat itu yang sudah sangat terasimilasi budayanya dengan tindakan-tindakan amoral, yang dalam konteks ini bertentangan dengan apa yang akan dibawa dan ditawarkan oleh Muhammad. Kebanyakan dari mereka yang percaya dan meyakini ajaran Muhammad pada masa-masa awal adalah para anggota keluarganya serta golongan masyarakat awam yang dekat dengannya di kehidupan sehari-hari, antara lain <a href="/wiki/Khadijah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khadijah">Khadijah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib">Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaid_bin_Haritsah" title="Zaid bin Haritsah">Zaid bin Haritsah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bilal_bin_Rabah" title="Bilal bin Rabah">Bilal</a>. Namun pada awal tahun <a href="/wiki/613" title="613">613</a>, Muhammad mengumumkan secara terbuka agama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Setelah sekian lama banyak tokoh-tokoh bangsa Arab seperti <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar">Abu Bakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utsman_bin_Affan" title="Utsman bin Affan">Utsman bin Affan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zubair_bin_Awwam_bin_Khuwailid" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubair bin Awwam bin Khuwailid">Zubair bin Al Awwam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Auf" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman bin Auf">Abdul Rahman bin Auf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubaidah_bin_Harits" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubaidah bin Harits">Ubaidah bin Harits</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_bin_Nufail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr bin Nufail (halaman belum tersedia)">Amr bin Nufail</a> yang kemudian masuk ke agama yang dibawa Muhammad. Kesemua pemeluk Islam pertama itu disebut dengan <i>As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun</i> atau <i>Yang pertama-tama</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyebaran_Islam">Penyebaran Islam</h3></div> <p>Sekitar tahun 613 M, tiga tahun setelah Islam disebarkan secara diam-diam, Muhammad mulai melakukan penyebaran Islam secara terbuka kepada masyarakat Makkah, respons yang ia terima sangat keras dan masif. Ini disebabkan karena ajaran Islam yang dibawa olehnya bertentangan dengan apa yang sudah menjadi budaya dan pola pikir masyarakat Makkah saat itu. Pemimpin Makkah <a href="/wiki/Abu_Jahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jahal">Abu Jahal</a> menyatakan bahwa Muhammad adalah orang gila yang akan merusak tatanan hidup orang Makkah. Akibat penolakan keras yang datang dari masyarakat jahiliyyah di Makkah dan kekuasaan yang dimiliki oleh para pemimpin Quraisy yang menentangnya, Muhammad dan banyak pemeluk Islam awal disiksa, dianiaya, dihina, disingkirkan, dan dikucilkan dari pergaulan masyarakat Makkah. </p><p>Walau mendapat perlakuan tersebut, ia tetap mendapatkan pengikut dalam jumlah besar. Para pengikutnya ini kemudian menyebarkan ajarannya melalui perdagangan ke negeri <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Syam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, dan kawasan jazirah Arab. Setelah itu, banyak orang yang penasaran dan tertarik kemudian datang ke Makkah dan Madinah untuk mendengar langsung dari Muhammad, penampilan dan kepribadian baiknya yang sudah terkenal memudahkannya untuk mendapat simpati dan dukungan dalam jumlah yang lebih besar. Hal ini menjadi semakin mudah ketika <a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Khattab" title="Umar bin Khattab">Umar bin Khattab</a> dan sejumlah besar tokoh petinggi suku Quraisy lainnya memutuskan untuk memeluk ajaran Islam, meskipun banyak juga yang menjadi antipati mengingat saat itu sentimen kesukuan sangat besar di Makkah dan Medinah. Tercatat pula Muhammad mendapatkan banyak pengikut dari negeri Farsi (sekarang <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>), salah satu yang tercatat adalah <a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Farisi" title="Salman al-Farisi">Salman al-Farisi</a>, seorang ilmuwan asal Persia yang kemudian menjadi sahabat Muhammad. </p><p>Penyiksaan yang dialami hampir seluruh pemeluk Islam selama periode ini mendorong lahirnya gagasan untuk <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">berhijrah</a> (pindah) ke <a href="/wiki/Habsyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsyah">Habsyah</a> (sekarang <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>). <a href="/wiki/Negus" title="Negus">Negus</a> atau raja Habsyah, seorang Kristen yang adil, memperbolehkan orang-orang Islam berhijrah ke negaranya dan melindungi mereka dari tekanan penguasa di Makkah. Muhammad sendiri, pada tahun <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> hijrah ke Yatsrib, kota yang berjarak sekitar 200 mil (320 km) di sebelah Utara Makkah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hijrah_ke_Madinah">Hijrah ke Madinah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijrah</a></div> <p>Masyarakat Arab dari berbagai suku setiap tahunnya datang ke <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a> untuk beziarah ke Bait Allah atau <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a>, mereka menjalankan berbagai <a href="/wiki/Tradisi" title="Tradisi">tradisi</a> keagamaan dalam kunjungan tersebut. Muhammad melihat ini sebagai peluang untuk menyebarluaskan ajaran Islam. Di antara mereka yang tertarik dengan ajarannya ialah sekumpulan orang dari <a href="/wiki/Yatsrib" class="mw-redirect" title="Yatsrib">Yatsrib</a>. Mereka menemui Muhammad dan beberapa orang yang telah terlebih dahulu memeluk Islam dari Makkah di suatu tempat bernama <a href="/wiki/Aqabah" title="Aqabah">Aqabah</a> secara sembunyi-sembunyi. Setelah menganut Islam, mereka lalu bersumpah untuk melindungi para pemeluk Islam dan Muhammad dari kekejaman penduduk Makkah. </p><p>Tahun berikutnya, sekumpulan masyarakat Islam dari Yatsrib datang lagi ke Makkah, mereka menemui Muhammad di tempat mereka bertemu sebelumnya. Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib, yaitu pamannya yang saat itu belum menganut Islam, turut hadir dalam pertemuan tersebut. Mereka mengundang orang-orang Islam Makkah untuk berhijrah ke Yastrib dikarenakan situasi di Makkah yang tidak kondusif bagi keamanan para pemeluk Islam. Muhammad akhirnya menerima ajakan tersebut dan memutuskan berhijrah ke Yastrib pada tahun 622 M. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Enlightened_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Enlightened_City.jpg/240px-The_Enlightened_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Enlightened_City.jpg/360px-The_Enlightened_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Enlightened_City.jpg/480px-The_Enlightened_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a>, berlokasi di <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, Arab Saudi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mengetahui bahwa banyak pemeluk Islam berniat meninggalkan Makkah, masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahiliyah">jahiliyah</a> Makkah berusaha mengcegahnya, mereka beranggapan bahwa bila dibiarkan berhijrah ke Yastrib, Muhammad akan mendapat peluang untuk mengembangkan agama Islam ke daerah-daerah yang jauh lebih luas. Setelah selama kurang lebih dua bulan ia dan pemeluk Islam terlibat dalam peperangan dan serangkaian perjanjian, akhirnya masyarakat Muslim pindah dari Makkah ke Yastrib, yang kemudian setelah kedatangan rombongan dari Makkah pada tahun 622 dikenal sebagai Madinah atau <i>Madinatun Nabi</i> (kota Nabi). </p><p>Di <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, pemerintahan (<a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">kekhalifahan</a>) Islam diwujudkan di bawah pimpinan Muhammad. Umat Islam bebas beribadah (<a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">salat</a>) dan bermasyarakat di Madinah, begitupun kaum minoritas <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a>. Dalam periode setelah hijrah ke Madinah, Muhammad sering mendapat serangkaian serangan, teror, ancaman pembunuhan dan peperangan yang ia terima dari penguasa Makkah, akan tetapi semuanya dapat teratasi lebih mudah dengan umat Islam yang saat itu telah bersatu di Madinah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembebasan_Makkah">Pembebasan Makkah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembebasan_Makkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembebasan Makkah">Pembebasan Makkah</a></div> <p>Tahun 629 M, tahun ke-8 H setelah hijrah ke Madinah, Muhammad berangkat kembali ke Makkah dengan membawa pasukan Muslim sebanyak 10.000 orang, saat itu ia bermaksud untuk menaklukkan kota Makkah dan menyatukan para penduduk kota Makkah dan madinah. Penguasa Makkah yang tidak memiliki pertahanan yang memadai kemudian setuju untuk menyerahkan kota Makkah tanpa perlawanan, dengan syarat kota Makkah akan diserahkan tahun berikutnya. Muhammad menyetujuinya, dan ketika pada tahun berikutnya ketika ia kembali, ia telah berhasil mempersatukan Makkah dan Madinah, dan lebih luas lagi ia saat itu telah berhasil menyebarluaskan Islam ke seluruh Jazirah Arab. </p><p>Muhammad memimpin umat Islam menunaikan ibadah haji, memusnahkan semua berhala yang ada di sekeliling Ka'bah, dan kemudian memberikan amnesti umum dan menegakkan peraturan Islam di kota Makkah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kematian">Kematian</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kematian_Muhammad" title="Kematian Muhammad">Kematian Muhammad</a></div><p> Pada hari-hari terakhirnya, Muhammad mengalami penyakit serius, ia meminta supaya dirinya dirawat di rumahnya <a href="/wiki/Aisyah" title="Aisyah">Aisyah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang merupakan istri favoritnya.<sup id="cite_ref-:63_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:63-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad pun diantarkan ke sana dengan dipandu oleh <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib">Ali bin Abi Thalib</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abbas_bin_Abdul-Muththalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas bin Abdul-Muththalib">Al-Abbas</a>, dengan kakinya terseret-seret di tanah.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aisyah melaporkan bahwa ketika di rumahnya, Muhammad sering berkata:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14952149">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic,.mw-parser-output .script-Arab{font-family:Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh",Harmattan,"Arabic Typesetting","Traditional Arabic","Simplified Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Sakkal Majalla","Microsoft Uighur",Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><p><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"> يَا عَائِشَةُ مَا أَزَالُ أَجِدُ أَلَمَ الطَّعَامِ الَّذِي أَكَلْتُ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَهَذَا أَوَانُ وَجَدْتُ انْقِطَاعَ أَبْهَرِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ السَّمِّ</span> <br />Wahai Aisyah! Aku masih merasakan sakit yang diakibatkan oleh makanan yang aku makan di Khaibar, dan pada saat ini, aku merasa pembuluh jantungku seperti sedang dipotong oleh racun itu.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4428">Sahih Bukhari 4428</a></cite></div></blockquote><p>Racun tersebut disisipkan ke daging yang dimakan Muhammad di <a href="/wiki/Khaibar" title="Khaibar">Khaibar</a> oleh seorang wanita <a href="/wiki/Agama_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Yahudi">yahudi</a> bernama Zainab binti al-Harits yang ingin mengetes kenabian Muhammad,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan membalaskan dendam rakyatnya, ayahnya, pamannya dan suaminya yang dibunuh oleh pasukan Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aisyah melaporkan bahwa ketika Muhammad bersandar di dadanya, ia mendengar Muhammad berkata: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14952149"><p><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَارْحَمْنِي وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالرَّفِيقِ الأَعْ</span><br /> Ya Allah, maafkanlah aku, kasihanilah diriku dan izinkanlah aku bergabung dengan teman-teman tertinggi (di surga).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Tidak lama berselang, Muhammad meninggal dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini terjadi pada hari Senin, 8 Juni 632 M.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldman2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldman2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun terdapat riwayat dari kalangan <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syi'ah</a> yang menuding bahwa kematian Muhammad sebenarnya disebabkan oleh racun yang disisipkan oleh Aisyah yang berkomplot dengan <a href="/wiki/Hafshah_binti_Umar" title="Hafshah binti Umar">Hafshah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskripsi_fisik">Deskripsi fisik</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Syamail_Muhammadiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syamail Muhammadiyah">Syamail Muhammadiyah</a></div> <p>Beberapa <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">hadis</a> meriwayatkan beberapa ciri fisik Muhammad yang diceritakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">para sahabat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Istri-istri_Muhammad" title="Istri-istri Muhammad">istrinya</a>. Beberapa riwayat menyebutkan bahwa Muhammad berperawakan sedang, berkulit putih kemerahan, berjanggut tipis, dan digambarkan memiliki fisik yang sehat dan kuat oleh orang di sekitarnya. Riwayat lain menyebutkan Muhammad bermata hitam, tidak berkumis, berjanggut sedang, serta memiliki hidung bengkok yang sesuai dengan ciri antropologis <a href="/wiki/Semit" title="Semit">bangsa Semit</a> pada umumnya.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pernikahan">Pernikahan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pernikahan_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pernikahan Muhammad">Pernikahan Muhammad</a></div> <p>Selama hidupnya Muhammad menikah dengan 11 atau 13 orang wanita (terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai hal ini). Pada umur 25 Tahun ia menikah dengan <a href="/wiki/Khadijah_binti_Khuwailid" title="Khadijah binti Khuwailid">Khadijah binti Khuwailid</a>, yang berlangsung selama 25 tahun hingga Khadijah wafat.<sup id="cite_ref-Esp2_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esp2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pernikahan ini digambarkan sangat bahagia,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reeves46_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves46-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sehingga saat meninggalnya Khadijah (yang bersamaan dengan tahun meninggalnya <a href="/wiki/Abu_Thalib" title="Abu Thalib">Abu Thalib</a> pamannya) disebut sebagai tahun kesedihan. </p><p>Sepeninggal <a href="/wiki/Khadijah_binti_Khuwailid" title="Khadijah binti Khuwailid">Khadijah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaulah_binti_Hakim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaulah binti Hakim (halaman belum tersedia)">Khaulah binti Hakim</a> menyarankan kepadanya untuk menikahi <a href="/wiki/Saudah_binti_Zam%27ah" title="Saudah binti Zam'ah">Saudah binti Zam'ah</a> (seorang janda) atau <a href="/wiki/Aisyah" title="Aisyah">Aisyah</a> (putri <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_ash-Shiddiq" title="Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq">Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq</a>). Atas perintah <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, Muhammad menikahi keduanya. Kemudian Muhammad tercatat menikahi beberapa orang wanita lagi hingga jumlah seluruhnya sekitar 11 orang, sembilan di antaranya masih hidup sepeninggal Muhammad. </p><p>Para ahli sejarah antara lain <a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt" title="William Montgomery Watt">Watt</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Louis_Esposito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Louis Esposito (halaman belum tersedia)">Esposito</a> berpendapat bahwa sebagian besar perkawinan itu dimaksudkan untuk memperkuat ikatan politik (sesuai dengan budaya Arab), atau memberikan penghidupan bagi para janda (saat itu janda lebih susah untuk menikah karena budaya yang menekankan perkawinan dengan perawan).<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiografi">Historiografi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Qur'an"><span id="Al-Qur.27an"></span>Al-Qur'an</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Folio_from_a_Koran_(8th-9th_century).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Folio_from_a_Koran_%288th-9th_century%29.jpg/220px-Folio_from_a_Koran_%288th-9th_century%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Folio_from_a_Koran_%288th-9th_century%29.jpg/330px-Folio_from_a_Koran_%288th-9th_century%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Folio_from_a_Koran_%288th-9th_century%29.jpg/440px-Folio_from_a_Koran_%288th-9th_century%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Folio dari <a href="/wiki/Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran">Quran</a> awal, ditulis dalam aksara Kufi (<a href="/wiki/Abbasiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasiyah">Abbasiyah</a> periode, abad ke-8–9)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci" title="Kitab suci">kitab suci</a> utama dari agama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Muslim percaya itu mewakili kata-kata <a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Tuhan</a> yang diungkapkan oleh malaikat agung <a href="/wiki/Jibril" title="Jibril">Jibril</a> kepada Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LivRlgP338_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LivRlgP338-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Qur'an juga memberikan sedikit bantuan untuk merumuskan biografi kronologis Muhammad, meskipun sebagian besar ayat Al-Qur'an tidak memberikan konteks sejarah yang signifikan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennett1998a_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett1998a-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters1994261_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1994261-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biografi_awal">Biografi awal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sirah_Nabawiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirah Nabawiyah">Sirah Nabawiyah</a></div> <p>Sumber-sumber penting mengenai kehidupan Muhammad dapat ditemukan dalam karya-karya sejarah para penulis abad ke-2 dan ke-3 <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Hijriah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahun Hijriah">Hijriah</a> (Abad ke-8 dan ke-9 M).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini termasuk biografi Muslim tradisional Muhammad, yang memberikan informasi tambahan tentang hidupnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sirah tertulis paling awal adalah <span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sirah Rasul Allah</i></span> karya <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Ishaq" title="Ibnu Ishaq">Ibnu Ishaq</a> yang ditulis <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 767</span> M (150 H). Meskipun karya aslinya hilang, sirah ini hanya bertahan sebagai kutipan ekstensif dalam karya <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Hisyam" title="Ibnu Hisyam">Ibnu Hisyam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ath-Thabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ath-Thabari">Ath-Thabari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nigosian6_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigosian6-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, Ibnu Hisyam menulis dalam kata pengantar biografinya tentang Muhammad bahwa dia menghilangkan hal-hal dari biografi Ibnu Ishaq yang "akan menyusahkan orang-orang tertentu".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sumber sejarah awal lainnya adalah sejarah kampanye Muhammad oleh <a href="/wiki/Al-Waqidi" title="Al-Waqidi">al-Waqidi</a>, dan sekretaris Waqidi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibnu_Sa%27ad_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibnu Sa'ad al-Baghdadi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibnu Sa'ad al-Baghdadi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak sejarawan menerima catatan biografi awal ini sebagai otentik, meskipun keakuratannya tidak dapat dipastikan.<sup id="cite_ref-Nigosian6_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigosian6-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studi terbaru telah mengarahkan para sejarawan untuk membedakan antara tradisi yang menyentuh masalah hukum dan peristiwa sejarah murni. Dalam kelompok hukum, tradisi bisa jadi tunduk pada penemuan sementara peristiwa bersejarah, selain kasus luar biasa, mungkin hanya tunduk pada "pembentukan tendensial".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xv_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xv-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadis">Hadis</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></div> <p>Sumber penting lainnya termasuk koleksi <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">hadis</a>, laporan tentang ajaran dan tradisi verbal dan fisik yang dikaitkan dengan Muhammad. Hadis disusun beberapa generasi setelah kematiannya oleh umat Islam termasuk <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Ismail_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhari">Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_bin_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim bin al-Hajjaj">Muslim bin al-Hajjaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Isa_at-Tirmidzi" title="Muhammad bin Isa at-Tirmidzi">Muhammad bin Isa at-Tirmidzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/An-Nasa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Nasa'i">Abdurrahman an-Nasa'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud" title="Abu Dawud">Abu Dawud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Majah" title="Ibnu Majah">Ibnu Majah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik_bin_Anas" title="Malik bin Anas">Malik bin Anas</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Ad-Daruquthni" title="Ad-Daruquthni">ad-Daruquthni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa akademisi Barat dengan hati-hati memandang koleksi hadis sebagai sumber sejarah yang akurat.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejarawan seperti <a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Wilferd Madelung</a> tidak menolak riwayat-riwayat yang telah disusun pada masa kemudian, tetapi menilainya dalam konteks sejarah dan atas dasar kesesuaiannya dengan peristiwa dan tokoh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997xi,_19–20_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997xi,_19–20-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejarawan Muslim lain biasanya lebih menekankan pada literatur hadis daripada literatur biografi, karena hadis mempertahankan riwayat tradisional (<i><a href="/wiki/Isnad" class="mw-redirect" title="Isnad">isnad</a></i>); adanya suatu kekurangan pada sebuah riwayat untuk literatur biografi membuat riwayat tersebut tidak dapat diverifikasi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArdic201299_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArdic201299-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warisan">Warisan</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tradisi_Islam">Tradisi Islam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Muhammad" title="Mukjizat Muhammad">Mukjizat Muhammad</a></div> <p>Mengikuti pengesahan <a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">keesaan Tuhan</a>, keyakinan akan kenabian Muhammad adalah aspek utama dari <a href="/wiki/Aqidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqidah">keyakinan Islam</a>. Setiap Muslim menyatakan dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">Syahadat</a></i>: "Saya bersaksi bahwa tidak ada Tuhan selain Allah, dan saya bersaksi bahwa Muhammad adalah utusan Allah". Syahadat adalah kredo atau prinsip dasar <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Keyakinan Islam adalah bahwa idealnya Syahadat adalah kata-kata pertama yang akan didengar oleh bayi yang baru lahir; anak-anak harus diajarkan mengenai kalimat tersebut dan kalimat ini akan dibacakan menjelang kematian seorang Muslim. Muslim mengulangi syahadat dalam adzan dan dalam <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">salat</a>. Non-Muslim yang ingin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masuk_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masuk Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">masuk Islam</a> diwajibkan untuk membaca syahadat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarah1994135_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarah1994135-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg/220px-Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg/330px-Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg/440px-Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">Syahadat</a>, mengilustrasikan konsepsi Muslim tentang peran Muhammad: "Tidak ada Tuhan selain <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> ; Nabi Nabi Muhammad adalah <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">Utusan Tuhan</a>", di <a href="/wiki/Istana_Topkapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Istana Topkapi">Istana Topkapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam kepercayaan Islam, Muhammad juga dianggap sebagai nabi terakhir yang diutus oleh Tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-espos12_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espos12-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian200417_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian200417-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradisi Muslim juga mencatat beberapa <a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Muhammad" title="Mukjizat Muhammad">mukjizat atau peristiwa supranatural</a> yang pernah dilakukan oleh Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-EoI-Miracle_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoI-Miracle-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Misalnya, banyak komentator Muslim dan beberapa cendekiawan Barat telah menafsirkan <a href="/wiki/Surah_Al-Qamar" title="Surah Al-Qamar">surah al-Qamar</a> ayat 1–2 merujuk pada Muhammad yang <a href="/wiki/Terbelahnya_bulan" title="Terbelahnya bulan">membelah Bulan</a> ketika kaum Quraisy mulai menganiaya para pengikutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-EoQ-Miracle_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoQ-Miracle-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejarawan Islam Barat Denis Gril percaya bahwa Al-Qur'an tidak secara terbuka menggambarkan Muhammad melakukan mujizat, dia menyatakan bahwa mujizat terbesar Muhammad adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qur%27an_dan_mujizat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qur'an dan mujizat (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Qur'an itu sendiri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EoQ-Miracle_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoQ-Miracle-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut tradisi Islam, Muhammad diserang oleh penduduk Tha'if dan terluka parah. Tradisi itu juga menyebutkan bahwa seorang malaikat menampakkan diri kepadanya dan memberikan tawaran untuk membalas para penyerang. Dikatakan bahwa Muhammad menolak tawaran itu dan berdoa memohon agar orang-orang Tha'if mendapatkan petunjuk dan memeluk Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/179px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/269px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/358px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="19" /></a><figcaption>Terjemahan kaligrafi "semoga Tuhan menghormatinya dan memberinya kedamaian", biasanya ditambahkan setelah nama Muhammad, disandikan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligatur_tipografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligatur tipografi (halaman belum tersedia)">ligature</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> pada titik kode U+FDFA<sup id="cite_ref-unicode_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14952149"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﷺ</span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> mewakili tindakan dan perkataan Muhammad (dilestarikan dalam laporan yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a>) dan mencakup beragam aktivitas dan keyakinan mulai dari ritual keagamaan, kebersihan pribadi, dan penguburan jenazah hingga pertanyaan mistis melibatkan cinta antara manusia dan Tuhan. Sunnah dianggap sebagai model persaingan bagi umat Islam yang saleh dan sangat memengaruhi budaya Muslim. Salam yang diajarkan Muhammad kepada sesama Muslim, <i><a href="/wiki/Assalamualaikum" title="Assalamualaikum">Assalamualaikum</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="terjemahan harfiah">terj. har.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap"> </span>'Semoga keselamatan tercurah kepada kalian') digunakan oleh umat Islam di seluruh dunia. Banyak detail ritual utama Islam seperti sholat, puasa dan haji tahunan hanya ditemukan dalam Sunnah dan tidak di Al-Qur'an.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim secara tradisional mengungkapkan cinta dan penghormatan kepada Muhammad. Kisah-kisah kehidupan Muhammad, syafaatnya dan mukjizat-mukjizatnya telah merasuki pemikiran populer Muslim dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%60at&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na`at (halaman belum tersedia)">puisi</a>. Di antara odes Arab untuk Muhammad, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasidatul_Burdah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qasidatul Burdah (halaman belum tersedia)">Qaṣīdatul Burdah</a> ("Puisi Mantel") karya tokoh <a href="/wiki/Sufi" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> asal Mesir, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Busiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Busiri (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Busiri</a> (1211–1294) sangat terkenal, dan secara luas diyakini memiliki penyembuhan dan kekuatan spiritual.<sup id="cite_ref-Stetkevych2010_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stetkevych2010-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Qur'an menyebut Muhammad sebagai "rahmat bagi dunia".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengaitan hujan dengan rahmat di negeri-negeri Timur telah menyebabkan Muhammad dianggap sebagai awan hujan yang menyebarkan berkah dan membentang di atas daratan, menghidupkan kembali hati yang telah mati, seperti halnya hujan menghidupkan kembali bumi yang tampaknya telah mati.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maulid" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulid">Ulang tahun Muhammad</a> dirayakan sebagai pesta besar di seluruh <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Muslim">dunia Muslim</a>, kecuali Arab Saudi yang didominasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Salafisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafisme">Salafisme</a> di mana perayaan publik ini dilarang.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasr-Muhammad_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr-Muhammad-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketika Muslim mengatakan atau menulis nama Muhammad, mereka biasanya mengikutinya dengan frase bahasa Arab <span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="terjemahan harfiah">terj. har.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap"> </span>'Semoga selawat serta salam tercurah padanya')<sup id="cite_ref-Ann_Goldman_2006_p._212_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ann_Goldman_2006_p._212-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam tulisan biasa, kadang-kadang digunakan singkatan SAW (untuk frasa bahasa Arab);<sup id="cite_ref-singkatan_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singkatan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dalam karya cetak, biasanya digunakan kaligrafi kecil (<span lang="ar">ﷺ</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-unicode_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sufisme">Sufisme</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a></div> <p>As-Sunnah memberikan banyak kontribusi bagi perkembangan hukum Islam, khususnya sejak akhir abad pertama Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mistikus Muslim, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sufi" title="Sufi">sufi</a>, yang mencari makna terdalam Al-Qur'an dan sifat terdalam Muhammad, memandang nabi Islam tidak hanya sebagai seorang nabi tetapi juga sebagai manusia yang sempurna. Semua ordo Sufi menelusuri rantai keturunan spiritual mereka kembali ke Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penggambaran">Penggambaran</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Penggambaran_Muhammad" title="Penggambaran Muhammad">Penggambaran Muhammad</a></div> <p>Sejalan dengan <a href="/wiki/Anikonisme_dalam_Islam" title="Anikonisme dalam Islam">hadis larangan membuat gambar makhluk hidup berakal</a>, yang secara khusus diamati secara ketat sehubungan dengan Tuhan dan Muhammad, seni religius Islam difokuskan dalam bentuk kata-kata.<sup id="cite_ref-Plas1987_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plas1987-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito201114-15_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito201114-15-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim umumnya menghindari <a href="/wiki/Penggambaran_Muhammad" title="Penggambaran Muhammad">penggambaran Muhammad</a>, dan masjid dihiasi dengan kaligrafi dan prasasti Al-Qur'an atau desain geometris, bukan gambar atau pahatan.<sup id="cite_ref-Plas1987_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plas1987-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saat ini, larangan terhadap gambar Muhammad (umumnya dirancang untuk mencegah penyembahan terhadap Muhammad, dengan tujuan untuk menjaga kemurnian keesaan Tuhan) jauh lebih ketat dipatuhi dalam Islam <a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyyah">Ahmadiyyah</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Safi20102010_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safi20102010-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, beberapa kalangan Sunni dan Syiah telah menciptakan gambar Muhammad di masa lalu,<sup id="cite_ref-Omid_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omid-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penggambaran Islam tentang Muhammad jarang terjadi.<sup id="cite_ref-Plas1987_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plas1987-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka sebagian besar terbatas pada media pribadi dan elit miniatur, dan sejak sekitar 1500 sebagian besar penggambaran menunjukkan Muhammad dengan wajah terselubung, atau secara simbolis mewakili dia sebagai nyala api.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bakker2009_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakker2009-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg/220px-Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg/330px-Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg/440px-Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2578" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>Masuknya Muhammad ke Makkah dan penghancuran berhala. Muhammad ditampilkan sebagai nyala api dalam manuskrip ini. Ditemukan di <i>Hamla-i Haydari</i> Bazil, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_dan_Kashmir" class="mw-disambig" title="Jammu dan Kashmir">Jammu dan Kashmir</a>, India, 1808.</figcaption></figure> <p>Penggambaran paling awal yang masih ada berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Miniatur_Persia" title="Miniatur Persia">miniatur Persia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> abad ke-13, biasanya dalam genre sastra yang menggambarkan kehidupan dan perbuatan Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-Bakker2009_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakker2009-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gruber2009_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber2009-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selama periode Ilkhanid, ketika penguasa Mongol Persia masuk Islam, kelompok Sunni dan Syiah bersaing menggunakan citra visual, termasuk gambar Muhammad, untuk mempromosikan interpretasi khusus mereka tentang peristiwa penting Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Elverskog2010_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elverskog2010-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karena dipengaruhi oleh <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">Agama Buddha</a>, inovasi ini belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya di dunia Islam, dan disertai dengan "pergeseran yang lebih luas dalam budaya seni Islam dari abstraksi menuju representasi" di "masjid , pada permadani, sutra, keramik, dan pada kaca dan logam" selain buku.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di tanah Persia, tradisi penggambaran realistik ini berlangsung selama <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Timurid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Timurid">Dinasti Timurid</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Safawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Safawi">Safawi</a> mengambil alih kekuasaan pada awal abad ke-16.<sup id="cite_ref-Elverskog2010_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elverskog2010-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safawiyah, yang menjadikan Islam Syi'ah sebagai agama negara, memprakarsai penyimpangan dari gaya artistik Ilkhanid dan Timurid tradisional dengan menutupi wajah Muhammad dengan kerudung untuk mengaburkan wajahnya dan pada saat yang sama mewakili esensinya yang bercahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-Gruber2011_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber2011-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bersamaan dengan itu, beberapa gambar yang ditemukan dari periode sebelumnya kemudian dirusak.<sup id="cite_ref-Elverskog2010_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elverskog2010-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EdwardsBhaumik2008_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdwardsBhaumik2008-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles2011_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles2011-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kemudian gambar diproduksi di <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</a> di Turki dan di tempat lain, meskipun masjid tidak pernah dihiasi dengan gambar Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-Omid_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omid-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illustrated accounts of the night journey (<i>mi'raj</i>) were particularly popular from the Ilkhanid period through the Safavid era.<sup id="cite_ref-GruberColby2010_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GruberColby2010-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama abad ke-19, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> kedatangan tren buku-buku "mi'raj" yang dicetak dan diilustrasikan, dengan wajah Muhammad berkerudung yang ditujukan kepada orang buta huruf dan anak-anak seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novel_grafis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novel grafis (halaman belum tersedia)">novel grafis</a>. Direproduksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Litografi" title="Litografi">litografi</a>, buku-buku ini pada dasarnya adalah "manuskrip tercetak".<sup id="cite_ref-GruberColby2010_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GruberColby2010-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saat ini, jutaan reproduksi sejarah dan gambar modern tersedia di beberapa negara mayoritas Muslim, terutama Turki dan Iran, di poster, kartu pos, dan bahkan di buku meja kopi. Akan tetapi, hal ini tidak dikenal di sebagian besar belahan dunia Islam lainnya, dan ketika ditemui oleh umat Islam dari negara lain, mereka dapat menyebabkan kontroversi dan kemarahan yang cukup besar.<sup id="cite_ref-Omid_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omid-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bakker2009_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakker2009-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pandangan_Barat">Pandangan Barat</h3></div> <div class="depiction"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg/170px-La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg/255px-La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg/340px-La.Vie.de.Mahomet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Muhammad pada lukisan <i>La vie de Mahomet</i> karya M. Prideaux (1699). Dia memegang pedang dan bulan sabit sambil menginjak <a href="/wiki/Globe" title="Globe">globe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salib_Kristen" title="Salib Kristen">salib</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sepuluh_Perintah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepuluh Perintah">Sepuluh Perintah</a>.</figcaption></figure> </div> <p>Setelah <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">reformasi Protestan</a>, kehidupan dan kenabian Muhammad menjadi salah satu topik perdebatan yang seru di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">dunia Barat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2002_45_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2002_45-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Postel" title="Guillaume Postel">Guillaume Postel</a> adalah orang pertama yang memberikan pandangan yang lebih positif tentang Muhammad ketika dia berargumen bahwa Muhammad harus dihargai oleh orang Kristen sebagai nabi yang sah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a> memuji Muhammad karena "dia tidak menyimpang dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_alami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama alami (halaman belum tersedia)">agama alami</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_de_Boulainvilliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri de Boulainvilliers (halaman belum tersedia)">Henri de Boulainvilliers</a>, dalam bukunya <i>Vie de Mahomed</i> yang diterbitkan secara anumerta pada tahun 1730, menggambarkan Muhammad sebagai pemimpin politik yang berbakat dan anggota parlemen yang adil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia menampilkannya sebagai utusan yang diilhami secara ilahi yang dipekerjakan Tuhan untuk membingungkan orang-orang Kristen Timur yang bertengkar, untuk membebaskan Timur dari pemerintahan zalim <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bizantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Bizantium">Romawi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sasaniyah" title="Kekaisaran Sasaniyah">Persia</a>, dan untuk menyebarkan pengetahuan tentang keesaan Tuhan dari India ke Spanyol.<sup id="cite_ref-tolan_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolan-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> memiliki pendapat yang agak campur aduk tentang Muhammad: dalam lakonnya <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahomet_(lakon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahomet (lakon) (halaman belum tersedia)">Le fanatisme, ou Mahomet le Prophète</a></i> dia menjelekkan Muhammad sebagai simbol fanatisme, dan dalam sebuah esai yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1748 dia menyebutnya "seorang penipu yang luhur dan baik hati". Namun dalam survei sejarahnya <i>Essai sur les mœurs</i>, dia menampilkannya sebagai legislator dan penakluk dan menyebutnya sebagai "penggemar".<sup id="cite_ref-tolan_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolan-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, dalam <i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" class="mw-redirect" title="The Social Contract">Social Contract</a></i> (1762), mencatat, "mengesampingkan legenda propaganda tentang Muhammad sebagai penipu, kami cenderung menyebutnya sebagai seorang legislator yang dengan bijak menggabungkan kekuatan agama dan politik".<sup id="cite_ref-tolan_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolan-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude-Emmanuel_de_Pastoret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret (halaman belum tersedia)">Emmanuel Pastoret</a> pada 1787 dalam bukunya <i>Zoroaster, Confucius and Muhammad</i>, di mana dia menampilkan kehidupan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaradusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaradusta (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaradusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konfusius" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfusius">Konfusius</a>, dan Muhammad ini sebagai "orang hebat" dan "pembuat undang-undang terhebat di alam semesta", serta membandingkan karier mereka sebagai pembaru agama dan pemberi hukum. Dia menolak pandangan umum bahwa Muhammad adalah seorang penipu dan berpendapat bahwa Al-Qur'an menawarkan "kebenaran kultus dan moral yang paling luhur". Ia juga mendefinisikan keesaan Tuhan dengan "keputusan yang mengagumkan". Pastoret menulis bahwa tuduhan umum tentang amoralitasnya tidak berdasar. Sebaliknya, hukumnya memerintahkan ketenangan, kemurahan hati, dan kasih sayang pada para pengikutnya. Ia mencatat bahwa "pembuat undang-undang Arab" adalah "orang yang sangat hebat".<sup id="cite_ref-tolan_110-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolan-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> juga mengagumi Muhammad dan Islam,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menggambarkannya sebagai model teladan anggota parlemen dan pria yang hebat.<sup id="cite_ref-Brockopp_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockopp-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a> dalam bukunya <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_Heroes,_Hero-Worship,_%26_the_Heroic_in_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History (halaman belum tersedia)">On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History</a></i> (1841) menggambarkan "Mahomet" sebagai "Pemilik budi pekerti agung yang pendiam; dia adalah salah satu dari mereka yang <i>tidak bisa tetapi bersungguh-sungguh</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penafsiran Carlyle telah dikutip secara luas oleh cendekiawan Muslim sebagai demonstrasi bahwa kesarjanaan Barat mengesahkan status Muhammad sebagai orang besar dalam sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Almond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Almond (halaman belum tersedia)">Ian Almond</a> mengatakan bahwa para penulis sastra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantis_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantis Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Romantis Jerman</a> umumnya berpandangan positif tentang Muhammad: "Kekaguman <a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Schlegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel">Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel</a> terhadap Islam sebagai produk estetis, autentik yang patut ditiru, holistik yang berseri-seri, memainkan peran sentral dalam pandangannya tentang Muhamad sebagai perancang dunia yang patut dicontoh sehingga ia bahkan menggunakannya sebagai skala penilaian untuk puisi klasik".<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_V._Tolan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John V. Tolan (halaman belum tersedia)">John Tolan</a> selanjutnya menunjukkan bagaimana <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> di Eropa khususnya memiliki pandangan yang lebih bernuansa tentang Muhammad dan Islam, sebagai minoritas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnoreligius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnoreligius (halaman belum tersedia)">etnoreligius</a> yang merasa terdiskriminasi, mereka secara khusus memuji <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, dan dengan demikian, "menulis tentang Islam bagi orang Yahudi adalah cara untuk menikmati dunia fantasi, jauh dari penganiayaan dan <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> Eropa abad ke-19, di mana orang Yahudi dapat hidup rukun dengan tetangga non-Yahudi mereka".<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penulis kontemporer seperti <a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt" title="William Montgomery Watt">William Montgomery Watt</a> dan Richard Bell menepis gagasan bahwa Muhammad sengaja menipu para pengikutnya, dengan alasan bahwa Muhammad "benar-benar tulus dan bertindak dengan itikad baik sepenuhnya",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWattBell199518_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattBell199518-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan ketulusannya ditunjukkan dengan kesiapan Muhammad untuk menanggung kesulitan demi perjuangannya, dengan apa yang tampaknya bukan merupakan dasar rasional untuk berharap.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1974232_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1974232-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Watt mengatakan bahwa ketulusan tidak secara langsung menyiratkan kebenaran: dalam istilah kontemporer, Muhammad mungkin salah mengira alam bawah sadarnya sebagai wahyu ilahi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt197417_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt197417-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Watt dan <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Bernard Lewis</a> berargumen bahwa memandang Muhammad sebagai penipu yang mementingkan diri sendiri membuat mustahil untuk memahami perkembangan Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis199345_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis199345-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alford_T._Welch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alford T. Welch (halaman belum tersedia)">Alford T. Welch</a> berpendapat bahwa Muhammad mampu menjadi begitu berpengaruh dan sukses karena keyakinannya yang teguh pada agamanya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama_lain">Agama lain</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Yahudi_tentang_Muhammad" title="Pandangan Yahudi tentang Muhammad">Pandangan Yahudi tentang Muhammad</a></div> <p>Pengikut gerakan <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Baháʼí">Baháʼí</a> memuliakan Muhammad sebagai salah satu dari sejumlah nabi atau "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manifestasi_Tuhan_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manifestasi Tuhan (Baháʼí) (halaman belum tersedia)">Manifestasi Tuhan</a>". Dia dianggap sebagai manifestasi terakhir, atau meterai dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wahyu_progresif_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahyu progresif (Baháʼí) (halaman belum tersedia)">Siklus Adam</a>, tetapi menganggap ajarannya telah digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, pendiri gerakan Baháʼí, dan manifestasi pertama dari siklus saat ini.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tradisi <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> menghormati beberapa "guru" dan "nabi",<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Muhammad dianggap sebagai nabi Tuhan yang penting dalam agama <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, Muhammad dikatakan termasuk di antara tujuh nabi yang muncul dalam periode sejarah yang berbeda.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana_2008_17-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritik">Kritik</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik terhadap Muhammad</a></div> <p>Kritik terhadap Muhammad telah ada sejak abad ke-7, ketika Muhammad dicela oleh <a href="/wiki/Arabia_pra-Islam" title="Arabia pra-Islam">Arab non-Muslim</a> sezamannya karena menyebarkan <a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">monoteisme</a>, dan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku-suku_Yahudi_di_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku-suku Yahudi di Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">suku-suku Yahudi di Arab</a> karena pengakuannya atas <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani">narasi-narasi Alkitab</a> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokoh-tokoh_Alkitab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokoh-tokoh Alkitab (halaman belum tersedia)">tokoh-tokohnya</a>, serta proklamasi dirinya sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Penutup_Para_Nabi" title="Penutup Para Nabi">Penutup Para Nabi</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottheilMontgomeryGrimme1906_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottheilMontgomeryGrimme1906-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStillman1979_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStillman1979-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>, berbagai <a href="/wiki/Teologi_Kristen" title="Teologi Kristen">Pemikir Kristen</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekristenan_di_Abad_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekristenan di Abad Pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Barat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bizantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Bizantium">Bizantium</a> mengkritik moralitas Muhammad, dan memberinya label <a href="/wiki/Nabi_palsu#Kekristenan" title="Nabi palsu">nabi palsu</a> atau bahkan <a href="/wiki/Antikristus" title="Antikristus">Antikristus</a>. Muhammad sering digambarkan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susunan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susunan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Susunan Kristen</a> sebagai pendiri ajaran <a href="/wiki/Bidaah_dalam_Kekristenan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidaah dalam Kekristenan">sesat</a> atau bahkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerasukan_Iblis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerasukan Iblis (halaman belum tersedia)">kerasukan</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Iblis#Kekristenan" title="Iblis">setan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddard2000_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard2000-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtis2009_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis2009-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993360–376_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993360–376-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Islam" title="Kritik terhadap Islam">Kritikus</a> religius dan sekuler modern telah mengkritik Muhammad dalam pengakuannya sebagai seorang nabi, moralitasnya, <a href="/wiki/Istri-istri_Muhammad" title="Istri-istri Muhammad">pernikahan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehidupan_seks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehidupan seks (halaman belum tersedia)">kehidupan seks</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbudakan_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbudakan dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">kepemilikan budak</a>, perlakuannya terhadap musuh-musuhnya, penanganan masalah doktrinal, dan kondisi psikologisnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECimino2005_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECimino2005-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2013_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2013-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpellberg1996_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpellberg1996-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="featured-picture metadata topicon" id="featured-star"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Islam" title="This picture has been featured on Wikipedia and is considered one of the best images Wikipedia has to offer. For more information, click here."><img alt="This picture has been featured on Wikipedia and is considered one of the best images Wikipedia has to offer. For more information, click here." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wikipedia_Islam.svg/35px-Wikipedia_Islam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wikipedia_Islam.svg/53px-Wikipedia_Islam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wikipedia_Islam.svg/70px-Wikipedia_Islam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muhammad"><span style="">Muhammad</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Muhammad pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Muhammad">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Muhammad">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Muhammad">Berita</a> dari Wikinews<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Muhammad">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Muhammad">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Muhammad">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlul_Bait" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahlul Bait">Ahlul Bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suksesi_Muhammad" title="Suksesi Muhammad">Suksesi Muhammad</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhamad memiliki banyak sebutan, di antaranya adalah <b>Muhammad bin Abdullah</b>, <b>Nabiyullah</b>, <b>Nabi Muhammad</b>, <b>Rasulullah</b>, <b>Nabi terakhir dalam Islam</b>, dan lain-lain; ada juga banyak varian ejaan Muhammad, seperti <b>Mohamet</b>, <b>Mohammed</b>, <b>Mahamad</b>, <b>Muhamad</b>, <b>Mohamed</b> dan yang lainnya.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldman1995">Goldman 1995</a>, hlm. 63, memberikan 8 Juni 632 M, tradisi Islam yang dominan. Banyak tradisi sebelumnya (terutama non-Islam) menyebut dia masih hidup pada masa <a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Muslim_atas_Suriah#Penaklukam_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Muslim atas Suriah">Penaklukan Palestina</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menurut <a href="#CITEREFWelchMoussalliNewby2009">Welch, Moussalli & Newby 2009</a>, yang menulis untuk Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: "Nabi Islam adalah seorang pembaharu agama, politik, dan sosial yang memunculkan salah satu peradaban besar dunia. Dari perspektif sejarah modern, Muhammad adalah pendiri Islam. Dari perspektif keyakinan umat Islam, dia adalah Utusan Tuhan (<i>Rasūlullāh</i>), dipanggil untuk menjadi "pemberi peringatan", pertama untuk orang Arab dan kemudian untuk seluruh umat manusia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singkatan-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-singkatan_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-singkatan_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meskipun penyingkatan ini dinilai keliru<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan seharusnya tidak disingkat karena menurut sebagian ulama dan cendekiawan Muslim seperti <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_bin_Abdullah_bin_Baz" title="Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz">Ibnu Baz</a>, penyingkatan shalawat dan kalimat pengagungan lainnya akan menghilangkan makna agung yang terkandung didalamnya.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConrad1987-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConrad1987_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConrad1987_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConrad1987_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConrad1987">Conrad 1987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelchMoussalliNewby2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelchMoussalliNewby2009_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelchMoussalliNewby2009">Welch, Moussalli & Newby 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024–5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024–5_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito2002">Esposito 2002</a>, hlm. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19989,12-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19989,12_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito1998">Esposito 1998</a>, hlm. 9,12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/life-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/early-years">"Early Years"</a>. <i>Al-Islam.org</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 18 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Islam.org&rft.atitle=Early+Years&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Flife-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi%2Fearly-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt19747-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt19747_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatt1974">Watt 1974</a>, hlm. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howarth, Stephen. <i>Knights Templar.</i> 1985. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8264-8034-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8264-8034-7">978-0-8264-8034-7</a> p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-A'zami2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Al-A'zami2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mustafa_Al-A%27zami" title="Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami">Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami</a> (2003), <i>The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments</i>, pp. 26–27. UK Islamic Academy. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-872531-65-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-872531-65-6">978-1-872531-65-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad2009-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad2009_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmad2009">Ahmad 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters20039-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters20039_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeters2003">Peters 2003</a>, hlm. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024-5-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20024-5_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito2002">Esposito 2002</a>, hlm. 4-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuhlWelch1993">Buhl & Welch 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoltLambtonLewis197757-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoltLambtonLewis197757_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoltLambtonLewis1977">Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977</a>, hlm. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidus200231-32-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidus200231-32_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapidus2002">Lapidus 2002</a>, hlm. 31-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> has a special "Muhammad" <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligature_(typography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligature (typography) (halaman belum tersedia)">ligature</a> at U+FDF4 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14952149"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﷴ</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/aa\/Ar-muhammad.ogg\/Ar-muhammad.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"click here"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"id","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-muhammad.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Ar-muhammad.ogg/Ar-muhammad.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">click here</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ar-muhammad.ogg" title="Berkas:Ar-muhammad.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small> for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengucapan Arab</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">berbagai nama Muhammad dalam bahasa Prancis: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; dalam bahasa Jerman: "Machmet"; dan dalam bahasa Islandia kuno: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, <i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The sources frequently say that, in his youth, he was called by the nickname "Al-Amin" meaning "Honest, Truthful" cf. Ernst (2004), p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lanelexicon_hmd-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lanelexicon_hmd_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lane, Edward William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/06_H/172_Hmd.html">"حمد"</a>. <i>Lanes Lexicon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 Maret</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lanes+Lexicon&rft.atitle=%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Edward+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flexicon.quranic-research.net%2Fdata%2F06_H%2F172_Hmd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/61?startingVerse=6">61:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19986-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19986_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito1998">Esposito 1998</a>, hlm. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Buhl, F.; Welch, A. T.; Schimmel, Annemarie; Noth, A.; Ehlert, Trude (2012-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhammad-COM_0780">"Muḥammad"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Brill: 361.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.atitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.pages=361&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Buhl&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Welch%2C+A.+T.&rft.au=Schimmel%2C+Annemarie&rft.au=Noth%2C+A.&rft.au=Ehlert%2C+Trude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fmuhammad-COM_0780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">admin (2011-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muslimafiyah.com/adab-adab-menulis-hadist-nabi-shallallahu-‘alaihi-wa-sallam-dalam-membuat-karya-tulis.html">"Adab-Adab Menulis Hadits Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dalam Membuat Karya Tulis"</a>. <i>MuslimAfiyah</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MuslimAfiyah&rft.atitle=Adab-Adab+Menulis+Hadits+Nabi+Shallallahu+%E2%80%98alaihi+wa+sallam+dalam+Membuat+Karya+Tulis&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft.au=admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuslimafiyah.com%2Fadab-adab-menulis-hadist-nabi-shallallahu-%E2%80%98alaihi-wa-sallam-dalam-membuat-karya-tulis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ustadzaris.com/bolehnya-menyingkat-shalawat">"Bolehnya Menyingkat Shalawat"</a>. <i>Tegar Di Atas Sunnah</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2013-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tegar+Di+Atas+Sunnah&rft.atitle=Bolehnya+Menyingkat+Shalawat&rft.date=2013-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fustadzaris.com%2Fbolehnya-menyingkat-shalawat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">mahad (2016-12-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minhajulatsar.com/hukum-menyingkat-penulisan-shalawat-dengan-saw/">"Hukum Menyingkat Penulisan Shalawat Nabi Dengan 'SAW<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>MinhajulAtsar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MinhajulAtsar.com&rft.atitle=Hukum+Menyingkat+Penulisan+Shalawat+Nabi+Dengan+%E2%80%98SAW%E2%80%99&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.au=mahad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minhajulatsar.com%2Fhukum-menyingkat-penulisan-shalawat-dengan-saw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infiniteens.id/penulisan-shallallahu-alaihi-wasallam/admin/">"Penulisan Shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam | infiniteens.id"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2021-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penulisan+Shallallahu+%E2%80%98alaihi+wasallam+%7C+infiniteens.id&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfiniteens.id%2Fpenulisan-shallallahu-alaihi-wasallam%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sadipun, Maria Christine Anggraeni (2011-07-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-journal.uajy.ac.id/2390/">"DELIBERASI PUBLIK DALAM INTERAKSI KOMENTAR PEMBACA DI SITUS BERITA KOMPAS.COM DAN SOCIAL MEDIA KOMPASIANA"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). UAJY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DELIBERASI+PUBLIK+DALAM+INTERAKSI+KOMENTAR+PEMBACA+DI+SITUS+BERITA+KOMPAS.COM+DAN+SOCIAL+MEDIA+KOMPASIANA&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft.aulast=Sadipun&rft.aufirst=Maria+Christine+Anggraeni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-journal.uajy.ac.id%2F2390%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kunya-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kunya_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3537">3537</a> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/muslim:2131">2131</a> ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lings, Martin. <i>Muhammad: Kisah Hidup Nabi berdasarkan Sumber Klasik</i>. Jakarta: Penerbit Serambi, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9793335165" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 979-3335-16-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sirah Ibnu Hisyam, jilid I, Dzikrun-nasabi az-zaki min Muhammad saw ila Adam as</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kitab Al-Mausu'ah Li Ansabil Imam Al-Husaini, Jilid 1, halaman 9, Nasab Nabi Muhammad SAW sampai Nabi Adam As</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Esposito, John L. (ed.) (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA198&dq=muhammad+birthday+Rabi%27+al-awwal#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20birthday%20Rabi%27%20al-awwal&f=false"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</i></a>. hlm. 198. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-512558-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-512558-0">978-0-19-512558-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.pages=198&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512558-0&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John+L.+%28ed.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DE324pQEEQQcC%26pg%3DPA198%26dq%3Dmuhammad%2Bbirthday%2BRabi%2527%2Bal-awwal%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmuhammad%2520birthday%2520Rabi%2527%2520al-awwal%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abraha-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abraha_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <cite class="citation journal">Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016">"Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 225–240. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00049016">10.1017/S0041977X00049016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Abraha+and+Muhammad%3A+some+observations+apropos+of+chronology+and+literary+topoi+in+the+early+Arabic+historical+tradition1&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-240&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00049016&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D3863868%26fulltextType%3DRA%26fileId%3DS0041977X00049016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft"><i>Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars</i></a>. G. Bell. hlm. 465.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+the+Jewish+and+Muhammadan+calendars%3A+with+rules+and+tables+and+explanatory+notes+on+the+Julian+and+Gregorian+calendars&rft.pages=465&rft.pub=G.+Bell&rft.date=1901&rft.au=Sherrard+Beaumont+Burnaby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementsofjewish00burnuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Hamidullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Hamidullah (halaman belum tersedia)">Hamidullah, Muhammad</a> (February 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf">"The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs</i>: 6–12. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2012-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Islamic+Review+%26+Arab+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Nasi%27%2C+the+Hijrah+Calendar+and+the+Need+of+Preparing+a+New+Concordance+for+the+Hijrah+and+Gregorian+Eras%3A+Why+the+Existing+Western+Concordances+are+Not+to+be+Relied+Upon&rft.pages=6-12&rft.date=1969-02&rft.aulast=Hamidullah&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faaiil.org%2Ftext%2Farticles%2Fislamicreview%2F1969%2F02feb%2Fislamicreview_196902.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-EncWorldHistory-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncWorldHistory_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of World History</i> (1998), p. 452</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoI-Muhammad-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoI-Muhammad_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Buhl, F.; Welch, A. T. (1993). "Muḥammad". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>7</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill Academic Publishers. hlm. 360–376. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/90-04-09419-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/90-04-09419-9">90-04-09419-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=360-376&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=90-04-09419-9&rft.aulast=Buhl&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Welch%2C+A.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meri2004-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meri2004_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2004" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_W._Meri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef W. Meri (halaman belum tersedia)">Meri, Josef W.</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC"><i>Medieval Islamic civilization</i></a>, <b>1</b>, Routledge, hlm. 525, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-96690-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-96690-0">978-0-415-96690-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+civilization&rft.pages=525&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96690-0&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Josef+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-k9oc9xsuAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WattHalimah-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WattHalimah_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648">Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IntroQuran182-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IntroQuran182_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IntroQuran182_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IntroQuran182_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, <i>Amina</i>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watt7-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Watt7_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt (1974), p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Media, Kompas Cyber (2022-03-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/03/29/160000779/kisah-nabi-muhammad-sebelum-diangkat-menjadi-rasul">"Kisah Nabi Muhammad Sebelum Diangkat Menjadi Rasul Halaman all"</a>. <i>KOMPAS.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2024-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOMPAS.com&rft.atitle=Kisah+Nabi+Muhammad+Sebelum+Diangkat+Menjadi+Rasul+Halaman+all&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.aulast=Media&rft.aufirst=Kompas+Cyber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompas.com%2Fstori%2Fread%2F2022%2F03%2F29%2F160000779%2Fkisah-nabi-muhammad-sebelum-diangkat-menjadi-rasul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Masmuni, Masmuni (2022-12-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Religious/article/view/22139">"Muhammad in The West: Analysis of the Historical Description of the Prophet Muhammad in Armstrong's Writings"</a>. <i>Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 331–340. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15575%2Frjsalb.v6i3.22139">10.15575/rjsalb.v6i3.22139</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2528-7249">2528-7249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religious%3A+Jurnal+Studi+Agama-Agama+dan+Lintas+Budaya&rft.atitle=Muhammad+in+The+West%3A+Analysis+of+the+Historical+Description+of+the+Prophet+Muhammad+in+Armstrong%E2%80%99s+Writings&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=331-340&rft.date=2022-12-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15575%2Frjsalb.v6i3.22139&rft.issn=2528-7249&rft.aulast=Masmuni&rft.aufirst=Masmuni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.uinsgd.ac.id%2Findex.php%2FReligious%2Farticle%2Fview%2F22139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:6982">"Sahih al-Bukhari 6982 - Interpretation of Dreams - كتاب التعبير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perma-archives.org/warc/20210819150853/https://sunnah.com/bukhari:6982">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+6982+-+Interpretation+of+Dreams+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A6982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">al-Tabari. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tabarivolume06/mode/2up"><i>History of Tabari - Volume 6 - Muhammad at Mecca</i></a>. hlm. 76. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perma-archives.org/warc/20210819160832/https://i.ibb.co/pzs2yHL/tabari-mountain.jpg">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Tabari+-+Volume+6+-+Muhammad+at+Mecca&rft.pages=76&rft.au=al-Tabari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftabarivolume06%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2588">"Sahih al-Bukhari 2588 - Gifts - كتاب الهبة وفضلها والتحريض عليها - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+2588+-+Gifts+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A2588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:63-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:63_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/49/286">"Hadith - Chapters on Virtues - Jami` at-Tirmidhi - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213131243/https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/49/286">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Hadith+-+Chapters+on+Virtues+-+Jami%60+at-Tirmidhi+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%2F49%2F286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2581">"Sahih al-Bukhari 2581 - Gifts - كتاب الهبة وفضلها والتحريض عليها - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+2581+-+Gifts+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A2581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2588">"Sahih al-Bukhari 2588 - Gifts - كتاب الهبة وفضلها والتحريض عليها - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+2588+-+Gifts+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A2588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151729/https://www.hadits.id/hadits/dawud/3912">"Hadits Sunan Abu Dawud No. 3912 - Kitab Diyat"</a>. <i>hadits.id</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hadits.id/hadits/dawud/3912">versi asli</a> tanggal 2021-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hadits.id&rft.atitle=Hadits+Sunan+Abu+Dawud+No.+3912+-+Kitab+Diyat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadits.id%2Fhadits%2Fdawud%2F3912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151728/https://islam.nu.or.id/post/read/88769/zainab-binti-al-harits-perempuan-yahudi-yang-meracuni-rasulullah">"Zainab binti al-Harits, Perempuan Yahudi yang Meracuni Rasulullah"</a>. <i>islam.nu.or.id</i>. 14 April 2018. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islam.nu.or.id/post/read/88769/zainab-binti-al-harits-perempuan-yahudi-yang-meracuni-rasulullah">versi asli</a> tanggal 2021-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Juli</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=islam.nu.or.id&rft.atitle=Zainab+binti+al-Harits%2C+Perempuan+Yahudi+yang+Meracuni+Rasulullah&rft.date=2018-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislam.nu.or.id%2Fpost%2Fread%2F88769%2Fzainab-binti-al-harits-perempuan-yahudi-yang-meracuni-rasulullah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/urn/505680">"Muwatta Malik Book 16, Hadith 46 - Burials - كتاب الجنائز - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Muwatta+Malik+Book+16%2C+Hadith+46+-+Burials+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F505680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4440">"Sahih al-Bukhari 4440 - Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi) - كتاب المغازى - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+4440+-+Military+Expeditions+led+by+the+Prophet+%28pbuh%29+%28Al-Maghaazi%29+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A4440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:911">"Riyad as-Salihin 911 - The Book of Visiting the Sick - كتاب عيادة المريض وتشييع الميت والصلاة عليه وحضور دفنه - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Riyad+as-Salihin+911+-+The+Book+of+Visiting+the+Sick+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%86%D9%87+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Friyadussalihin%3A911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/urn/505680">"Burials - كتاب الجنائز - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Burials+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F505680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldman2-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldman2_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant (halaman belum tersedia)">invasion of Palestine</a>. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,<i>The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,</i> page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:42_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sayyari (2009). Kohlberg, Etan; Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/KitabAlQiratOfAhmadB.MuhammadAlSayyari">"Revelation and Falsification: The Kitab al-qira'at of Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari: Critical Edition with an Introduction and Notes by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi"</a>. <i>Texts and studies on the Qurʼān</i>. BRILL. <b>4</b>: 103. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1567-2808">1567-2808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texts+and+studies+on+the+Qur%CA%BC%C4%81n&rft.atitle=Revelation+and+Falsification%3A+The+Kitab+al-qira%27at+of+Ahmad+b.+Muhammad+al-Sayyari%3A+Critical+Edition+with+an+Introduction+and+Notes+by+Etan+Kohlberg+and+Mohammad+Ali+Amir-Moezzi&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=103&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1567-2808&rft.au=Ahmad+ibn+Muhammad+al-Sayyari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FKitabAlQiratOfAhmadB.MuhammadAlSayyari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esp2-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Esp2_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esposito, John (1998). <i>Islam: The Straight Path</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0195112334" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-511233-4</a>. p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bullough, Vern; Brenda Shelton, Sarah Slavin (1998). <i>The Subordinated Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women</i>. University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780820323695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8203-2369-5</a>. p.119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reeves46-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reeves46_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reeves, Minou (2003). <i>Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making</i>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780814775646" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8147-7564-6</a>. p.46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EIA_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt" title="William Montgomery Watt">Watt, M</a>. <i>Aisha bint Abi Bakr</i>. Article at Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912. pp. 16-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran">"Qurʾān"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F487666%2FQuran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LivRlgP338-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LivRlgP338_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths</i>, Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, p. 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Qur'an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/17?startingVerse=106">17:106</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett1998a-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennett1998a_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Clinton Bennett (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930140431/https://books.google.com/books?id=-VTIkkcUFHQC&pg=PA18"><i>In search of Muhammad</i></a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-304-70401-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-304-70401-9">978-0-304-70401-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-VTIkkcUFHQC&pg=PA18">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+Muhammad&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-304-70401-9&rft.au=Clinton+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-VTIkkcUFHQC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1994261-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters1994261_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeters1994">Peters 1994</a>, hlm. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xi_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatt1953">Watt 1953</a>, hlm. xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reeves-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reeves_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReeves2003">Reeves (2003)</a>, hlm. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nigosian6-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nigosian6_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nigosian6_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNigosian2004">Nigosian (2004)</a>, hlm. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner1998">Donner (1998)</a>, hlm. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Holland, Tom (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5u3Ukw7AftwC&pg=PT28"><i>In the Shadow of the Sword</i></a>. Doubleday. hlm. 42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7481-1951-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7481-1951-6">978-0-7481-1951-6</a>. <q>Hal-hal yang memalukan untuk dibicarakan; hal-hal yang akan menyusahkan orang-orang tertentu; dan laporan seperti yang telah saya diberitahu tidak dapat diterima sebagai dapat dipercaya - semua hal ini telah saya hilangkan. [Ibn Hashim, p. 691.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Sword&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7481-1951-6&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5u3Ukw7AftwC%26pg%3DPT28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xv-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1953xv_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatt1953">Watt 1953</a>, hlm. xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1993,_pp._33–34_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (1993), pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_A.C._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan A.C. Brown (halaman belum tersedia)">Jonathan, A.C. Brown</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018150501/https://books.google.com/books?id=nyMKDEAb4GsC"><i>The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. hlm. 9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-15839-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-15839-9">978-90-04-15839-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyMKDEAb4GsC&pg=PA9">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 October 2017. <q>Kita bisa membedakan tiga strata dari kanon ḥadīth Sunni. Inti abadi telah tertanam di <i>Ṣaḥīḥayn</i>. Di luar dua buku klasik dasar ini, beberapa cendekiawan abad keempat/kesepuluh merujuk pada pilihan empat buku yang menambahkan dua <i>Sunans</i> dari Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) and al-Nāsaʾī (d. 303/915). Kanon Lima Kitab, yang pertama kali dicatat pada abad keenam/keduabelas, memasukkan <i>Jāmiʿ</i> of al-Tirmidhī (d. 279/892). Terakhir, kanon Enam Buku, yang berasal dari periode yang sama, menambahkan salah satunya <i>Sunan</i> Ibnu Mājah (d. 273/887), <i>Sunan</i> ad-Dāruquṭnī (w. 385/995) atau <i>Muwaṭṭaʾ</i> karya Mālik b. Anas (w. 179/796). Kompendia ḥadīs belakangan sering menyertakan koleksi lain juga. Namun, tidak satu pun dari buku-buku ini yang mendapat penghargaan dari karya-karya al-Bukhārī dan karya-karya Muslim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canonization+of+al-Bukh%C4%81r%C4%AB+and+Muslim%3A+The+Formation+and+Function+of+the+Sunn%C4%AB+%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth+Canon&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15839-9&rft.aulast=Jonathan&rft.aufirst=A.C.+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyMKDEAb4GsC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997xi,_19–20-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997xi,_19–20_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, hlm. xi, 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArdic201299-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArdic201299_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArdic2012">Ardic 2012</a>, hlm. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarah1994135-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarah1994135_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarah1994">Farah 1994</a>, hlm. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-espos12-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-espos12_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito1998">Esposito (1998)</a>, hlm. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian200417-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian200417_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNigosian2004">Nigosian 2004</a>, hlm. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoI-Miracle-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoI-Miracle_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.J. Wensinck, <i>Muʿd̲j̲iza</i>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoQ-Miracle-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoQ-Miracle_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoQ-Miracle_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Denis Gril, <i>Miracles</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_the_Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)">Encyclopedia of the Qur'an</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Martin Varisco, <i>Moon</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_the_Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)">Encyclopedia of the Qur'an</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims" chapter "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/16.htm">Muhammad's Visit to Ta'if</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926090245/http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/16.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 26 September 2013 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." on al-islam.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unicode-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unicode_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unicode_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf">"Arabic Presentation Forms-A"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2</i>. Mountain View, Ca.: Unicode, Inc. 1 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard%2C+Version+5.2&rft.atitle=Arabic+Presentation+Forms-A&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FUnicode-3.1%2FU31-FB50.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Muhammad</i>, Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stetkevych2010-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stetkevych2010_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (24 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615211359/http://books.google.com/books?id=F-nY3_DXo-gC&pg=PR12"><i>The mantle odes: Arabic praise poems to the Prophet Muḥammad</i></a>. Indiana University Press. hlm. xii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-253-22206-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-253-22206-0">978-0-253-22206-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-nY3_DXo-gC&pg=PR12">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mantle+odes%3A+Arabic+praise+poems+to+the+Prophet+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.pages=xii&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22206-0&rft.au=Suzanne+Pinckney+Stetkevych&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF-nY3_DXo-gC%26pg%3DPR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Qur'an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/21?startingVerse=107">21:107</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasr-Muhammad-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nasr-Muhammad_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Muhammad</i>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ann_Goldman_2006_p._212-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ann_Goldman_2006_p._212_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Goldman, Richard Hain, Stephen Liben (2006), p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Schacht, <i>Fiḳh</i>, Encyclopaedia of Islam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Muhammad</i>, Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plas1987-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plas1987_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plas1987_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plas1987_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kees Wagtendonk (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615040436/http://books.google.com/books?id=ops3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA120">"Images in Islam"</a>. Dalam Dirk van der Plas. <i>Effigies dei: essays on the history of religions</i>. Brill. hlm. 119–24. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-08655-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-08655-5">978-90-04-08655-5</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ops3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA120">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Images+in+Islam&rft.btitle=Effigies+dei%3A+essays+on+the+history+of+religions&rft.pages=119-24&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08655-5&rft.au=Kees+Wagtendonk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dops3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito201114-15-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito201114-15_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito2011">Esposito 2011</a>, hlm. 14-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2010159-161_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeters2010">Peters 2010</a>, hlm. 159-161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safi20102010-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Safi20102010_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Safi2010 (2 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614191323/http://books.google.com/books?id=s63i21E9dr8C"><i>2 November 2010</i></a>. HarperCollins. hlm. 32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-123135-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-123135-3">978-0-06-123135-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s63i21E9dr8C">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2+November+2010&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.isbn=978-0-06-123135-3&rft.au=Safi2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds63i21E9dr8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Omid-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Omid_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Omid_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Omid_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omid_Safi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omid Safi (halaman belum tersedia)">Safi, Omid</a> (5 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202195337/http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/guestvoices/2010/05/why_islam_does_not_ban_images_of_the_prophet.html">"Why Islam does (not) ban images of the Prophet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/guestvoices/2010/05/why_islam_does_not_ban_images_of_the_prophet.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+Islam+does+%28not%29+ban+images+of+the+Prophet&rft.date=2011-05-05&rft.aulast=Safi&rft.aufirst=Omid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsweek.washingtonpost.com%2Fonfaith%2Fguestvoices%2F2010%2F05%2Fwhy_islam_does_not_ban_images_of_the_prophet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bakker2009-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bakker2009_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bakker2009_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bakker2009_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Freek L. Bakker (15 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615043959/http://books.google.com/books?id=4KNSp-uEO18C&pg=PA207"><i>The challenge of the silver screen: an analysis of the cinematic portraits of Jesus, Rama, Buddha and Muhammad</i></a>. Brill. hlm. 207–09. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-16861-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-16861-9">978-90-04-16861-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4KNSp-uEO18C&pg=PA207">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+challenge+of+the+silver+screen%3A+an+analysis+of+the+cinematic+portraits+of+Jesus%2C+Rama%2C+Buddha+and+Muhammad&rft.pages=207-09&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16861-9&rft.au=Freek+L.+Bakker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4KNSp-uEO18C%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gruber2009-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gruber2009_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Christiane Gruber (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711133658/http://umich.academia.edu/ChristianeGruber/Papers/443477/_Between_Logos_Kalima_and_Light_Nur_Representations_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_in_Islamic_Painting_">"Between Logos (Kalima) and Light (Nur): Representations of the Muslim Prophet Muhammad in Islamic Painting"</a>. Dalam Gulru Necipoglu. <i>Muqarnas</i>. <b>26</b>. Brill. hlm. 234–35. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-17589-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-17589-1">978-90-04-17589-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umich.academia.edu/ChristianeGruber/Papers/443477/_Between_Logos_Kalima_and_Light_Nur_Representations_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_in_Islamic_Painting_">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+Logos+%28Kalima%29+and+Light+%28Nur%29%3A+Representations+of+the+Muslim+Prophet+Muhammad+in+Islamic+Painting&rft.btitle=Muqarnas&rft.pages=234-35&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17589-1&rft.au=Christiane+Gruber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumich.academia.edu%2FChristianeGruber%2FPapers%2F443477%2F_Between_Logos_Kalima_and_Light_Nur_Representations_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_in_Islamic_Painting_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elverskog2010-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elverskog2010_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elverskog2010_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elverskog2010_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Johan Elverskog (2010). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhismislamons0000elve"><i>Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. University of Pennsylvania Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhismislamons0000elve/page/167">167</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8122-4237-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8122-4237-9">978-0-8122-4237-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+and+Islam+on+the+Silk+Road&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4237-9&rft.au=Johan+Elverskog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuddhismislamons0000elve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Johan Elverskog (2010). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhismislamons0000elve"><i>Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. University of Pennsylvania Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhismislamons0000elve/page/164">164</a>–69. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8122-4237-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8122-4237-9">978-0-8122-4237-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+and+Islam+on+the+Silk+Road&rft.pages=164-69&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4237-9&rft.au=Johan+Elverskog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuddhismislamons0000elve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gruber2011-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gruber2011_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Christiane Gruber (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102103545/http://www.academia.edu/1176067/When_Nubuvvat_Encounters_Valayat_Safavid_Paintings_of_the_Prophet_Muhammads_Miraj_ca._1500-50">"When Nubuvvat encounters Valayat: Safavid painting of the "Prophet" Mohammad's Mi'raj, c. 1500–50"</a>. Dalam Pedram Khosronejad. <i>The Art and Material Culture of Iranian Shi'ism: Iconography and Religious Devotion in Shi'i Islam</i>. I. B. Tauris. hlm. 46–47. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84885-168-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84885-168-9">978-1-84885-168-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1176067">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+Nubuvvat+encounters+Valayat%3A+Safavid+painting+of+the+%22Prophet%22+Mohammad%27s+Mi%27raj%2C+c.+1500%E2%80%9350&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Material+Culture+of+Iranian+Shi%27ism%3A+Iconography+and+Religious+Devotion+in+Shi%27i+Islam&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-168-9&rft.au=Christiane+Gruber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1176067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EdwardsBhaumik2008-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EdwardsBhaumik2008_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Elizabeth Edwards; Kaushik Bhaumik (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923141751/https://books.google.com/books?id=bhxPW9B8s1oC&pg=PA344"><i>Visual sense: a cultural reader</i></a>. Berg. hlm. 344. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84520-741-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84520-741-0">978-1-84520-741-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bhxPW9B8s1oC&pg=PA344">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visual+sense%3A+a+cultural+reader&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-741-0&rft.au=Elizabeth+Edwards&rft.au=Kaushik+Bhaumik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbhxPW9B8s1oC%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruggles2011-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ruggles2011_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._Fairchild_Ruggles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. Fairchild Ruggles (halaman belum tersedia)">D. Fairchild Ruggles</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021048/https://books.google.com/books?id=Te5QRi35W5EC&pg=PA56"><i>Islamic Art and Visual Culture: An Anthology of Sources</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. hlm. 56. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-5401-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-5401-7">978-1-4051-5401-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Te5QRi35W5EC&pg=PA56">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Art+and+Visual+Culture%3A+An+Anthology+of+Sources&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-5401-7&rft.au=D.+Fairchild+Ruggles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTe5QRi35W5EC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GruberColby2010-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GruberColby2010_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GruberColby2010_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ali Boozari (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016005841/https://books.google.com/books?id=sjLHirJmvPUC&pg=PA252">"Persian illustrated lithographed books on the miʻrāj: improving children's Shi'i beliefs in the Qajar period"</a>. Dalam Christiane J. Gruber; Frederick Stephen Colby. <i>The Prophet's ascension: cross-cultural encounters with the Islamic mi'rāj tales</i>. Indiana University Press. hlm. 252–54. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-253-35361-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-253-35361-0">978-0-253-35361-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sjLHirJmvPUC&pg=PA252">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persian+illustrated+lithographed+books+on+the+mi%CA%BBr%C4%81j%3A+improving+children%27s+Shi%27i+beliefs+in+the+Qajar+period&rft.btitle=The+Prophet%27s+ascension%3A+cross-cultural+encounters+with+the+Islamic+mi%27r%C4%81j+tales&rft.pages=252-54&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35361-0&rft.au=Ali+Boozari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsjLHirJmvPUC%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_2002_45-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_2002_45_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Warraq, Ibn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/defendingwestcri0000ibnw"><i>Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prometheus_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prometheus Books (halaman belum tersedia)">Prometheus Books</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/defendingwestcri0000ibnw/page/147">147</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-61592-020-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-61592-020-4">978-1-61592-020-4</a>. <q>Memang, toleransi [Postel] yang lebih besar terhadap agama lain banyak terlihat di dalam Πανθενωδια: <i>compostio omnium dissidiorum</i>, di mana, secara mengherankan pada abad ke-16, dia berargumen bahwa Muhammad harus dihargai bahkan dalam Susunan Kristen sebagai seorang nabi sejati.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+the+West%3A+A+Critique+of+Edward+Said%27s+Orientalism&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-020-4&rft.aulast=Warraq&rft.aufirst=Ibn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdefendingwestcri0000ibnw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tolan-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tolan_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tolan_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tolan_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tolan_110-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brockopp, Jonathan E (2010). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00broc"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Muḥammad</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan"><img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. New York: Cambridge UP. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00broc/page/n258">240</a>–42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71372-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71372-6">978-0-521-71372-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=240-42&rft.pub=Cambridge+UP&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71372-6&rft.aulast=Brockopp&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgecompani00broc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/talkofnapoleonat007678mbp#page/n321/mode/2up"><i>Talk Of Napoleon At St. Helena</i></a> (1903), pp. 279–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brockopp-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brockopp_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brockopp, Jonathan E., ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019194114/http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/middle-east-history/cambridge-companion-muhammad"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad</i></a>. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71372-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71372-6">978-0-521-71372-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/middle-east-history/cambridge-companion-muhammad">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Muhammad&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Religion&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71372-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Fhistory%2Fmiddle-east-history%2Fcambridge-companion-muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Younos, Farid (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUEaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT31"><i>Islamic Culture</i></a>. Cambridge Companions to Religion. AuthorHouse. hlm. 15. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4918-2344-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4918-2344-6">978-1-4918-2344-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Culture&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Religion&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4918-2344-6&rft.aulast=Younos&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUEaAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carlyle, Thomas (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onheroesherowor08carlgoog"><i>On heroes, hero worship and the heroic in history</i></a>. London: James Fraser. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onheroesherowor08carlgoog/page/n95">87</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+heroes%2C+hero+worship+and+the+heroic+in+history&rft.place=London&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=James+Fraser&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Carlyle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonheroesherowor08carlgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kecia Ali (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001211/https://books.google.com/books?id=-oWYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48"><i>The Lives of Muhammad</i></a>. Harvard UP. hlm. 48. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-74448-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-674-74448-6">978-0-674-74448-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-oWYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+Muhammad&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Harvard+UP&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-674-74448-6&rft.au=Kecia+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-oWYBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Almond, <i>History of Islam in German Thought: From Leibniz to Nietzsche</i>, Routledge (2009), p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tolan, John. "The Prophet Muhammad: A Model of Monotheistic Reform for Nineteenth-Century Ashkenaz." <i>Common Knowledge</i>, vol. 24 no. 2, 2018, pp. 256–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattBell199518-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWattBell199518_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWattBell1995">Watt & Bell 1995</a>, hlm. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1974232-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1974232_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatt1974">Watt 1974</a>, hlm. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt197417-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt197417_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatt1974">Watt 1974</a>, hlm. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, <i>The Cambridge History of Islam</i>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis199345-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis199345_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1993">Lewis 1993</a>, hlm. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, P. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/251"><i>A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/251">251</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85168-184-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85168-184-6">978-1-85168-184-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-184-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseencyclope0000smit%2Fpage%2F251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160619035122/http://bahai-library.com/fananapazir_fazel_finality_islam">"A Baháʼí Approach to the Claim of Finality in Islam"</a>. <i>bahai-library.com</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/fananapazir_fazel_finality_islam">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bahai-library.com&rft.atitle=A+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Approach+to+the+Claim+of+Finality+in+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Ffananapazir_fazel_finality_islam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">C. Brockman, Norbert (2011). <i>Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, 2nd Edition [2 volumes]</i>. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 259. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59884-655-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59884-655-3">978-1-59884-655-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sacred+Places%2C+2nd+Edition+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-655-3&rft.aulast=C.+Brockman&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hitti, Philip K. (1928). <i>The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings</i>. Library of Alexandria. hlm. 37. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4655-4662-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4655-4662-3">978-1-4655-4662-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Druze+People+and+Religion%3A+With+Extracts+from+Their+Sacred+Writings&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=978-1-4655-4662-3&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Philip+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana_2008_17-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dana, Nissim (2008). <i>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status</i>. Michigan University press. hlm. 17. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-903900-36-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-903900-36-9">978-1-903900-36-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Their+Faith%2C+Leadership%2C+Identity+and+Status&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Michigan+University+press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903900-36-9&rft.aulast=Dana&rft.aufirst=Nissim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottheilMontgomeryGrimme1906-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottheilMontgomeryGrimme1906_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGottheilMontgomeryGrimme1906">Gottheil, Montgomery & Grimme 1906</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStillman1979-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStillman1979_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStillman1979">Stillman 1979</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuinn2008_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuinn2008">Quinn 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard2000-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddard2000_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoddard2000">Goddard 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurtis2009-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurtis2009_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurtis2009">Curtis 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993360–376-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993360–376_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuhlWelch1993">Buhl & Welch 1993</a>, hlm. 360–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECimino2005-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECimino2005_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCimino2005">Cimino 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2013-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2013_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis2013">Willis 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpellberg1996-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpellberg1996_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpellberg1996">Spellberg 1996</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2015" class="citation book">Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KEYSDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-027753-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-027753-6">978-0-19-027753-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-027753-6&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Scott+Fitzgerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKEYSDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2023" class="citation book">Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2023-03-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b1SjEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Augsburg Fortress Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-5064-7388-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-5064-7388-8">978-1-5064-7388-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Islam%3A+Classical+Traditions+in+Contemporary+Perspective&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress+Publishers&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft.isbn=978-1-5064-7388-8&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+Said&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db1SjEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMuesse2018" class="citation book">Muesse, Mark W. (2018-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hxEAAAQBAJ"><i>Four Wise Men</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Lutterworth Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7188-9522-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7188-9522-8">978-0-7188-9522-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Wise+Men&rft.pub=Lutterworth+Press&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7188-9522-8&rft.aulast=Muesse&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di8hxEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder2002" class="citation book">Schroeder, Eric (2002-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDbR3Bz1OvsC"><i>Muhammad's People: An Anthology of Muslim Civilization</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Courier Corporation. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-42502-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-486-42502-3">978-0-486-42502-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%27s+People%3A+An+Anthology+of+Muslim+Civilization&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-486-42502-3&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZDbR3Bz1OvsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPhipps1996" class="citation book">Phipps, William E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jPURAQAAIAAJ"><i>Muhammad and Jesus: A Comparison of the Prophets and Their Teachings</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-55778-718-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-55778-718-7">978-1-55778-718-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+Jesus%3A+A+Comparison+of+the+Prophets+and+Their+Teachings&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55778-718-7&rft.aulast=Phipps&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjPURAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFṢallābī2005" class="citation book">Ṣallābī, ʻAlī Muḥammad Muḥammad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yDmuURWiSNoC"><i>The Noble Life of the Prophet</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Darussalam. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-9960-9678-9-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-9960-9678-9-9">978-9960-9678-9-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Noble+Life+of+the+Prophet&rft.pub=Darussalam&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-9960-9678-9-9&rft.aulast=%E1%B9%A2all%C4%81b%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%CA%BBAl%C4%AB+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyDmuURWiSNoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBeeston1983" class="citation book">Beeston, A. F. L. (1983-11-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0QkhaK4kBUC"><i>Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-24015-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-24015-4">978-0-521-24015-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabic+Literature+to+the+End+of+the+Umayyad+Period&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983-11-03&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24015-4&rft.aulast=Beeston&rft.aufirst=A.+F.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0QkhaK4kBUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFShourie1989" class="citation book">Shourie, Arun (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vIPXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Religion in Politics</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Roli Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+Politics&rft.pub=Roli+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Shourie&rft.aufirst=Arun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvIPXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAdil2002" class="citation book">Adil, Hajjah Amina (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=31tscfPF4tkC&dq=muhammad+taif+secrecy&pg=PA146"><i>Muhammad, the Messenger of Islam: His Life & Prophecy</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISCA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-930409-11-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-930409-11-8">978-1-930409-11-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%2C+the+Messenger+of+Islam%3A+His+Life+%26+Prophecy&rft.pub=ISCA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-930409-11-8&rft.aulast=Adil&rft.aufirst=Hajjah+Amina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D31tscfPF4tkC%26dq%3Dmuhammad%2Btaif%2Bsecrecy%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTowghi1991" class="citation book">Towghi, Malek Muhammad (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sCjFXhIWTlMC"><i>Foundations of Muslim Images and Treatment of the World Beyond Islam</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Michigan State University. Department of History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Muslim+Images+and+Treatment+of+the+World+Beyond+Islam&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University.+Department+of+History&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Towghi&rft.aufirst=Malek+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsCjFXhIWTlMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys1991" class="citation book">Humphreys, R. Stephen (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L-A9DwAAQBAJ"><i>Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry - Revised Edition</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-00856-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-00856-1">978-0-691-00856-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+History%3A+A+Framework+for+Inquiry+-+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00856-1&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=R.+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL-A9DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLieberman2021" class="citation book">Lieberman, Phillip I. (2021-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bxU_EAAAQBAJ"><i>The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 5, Jews in the Medieval Islamic World</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-009-03859-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-009-03859-1">978-1-009-03859-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism%3A+Volume+5%2C+Jews+in+the+Medieval+Islamic+World&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft.isbn=978-1-009-03859-1&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=Phillip+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbxU_EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRubin2022" class="citation book">Rubin, Uri (2022-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3WFqEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Life of Muhammad</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-351-88676-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-351-88676-5">978-1-351-88676-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-351-88676-5&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3WFqEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArjomand2022" class="citation book">Arjomand, Said Amir (2022-10-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rNGAEAAAQBAJ"><i>Messianism and Sociopolitical Revolution in Medieval Islam</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Univ of California Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-38759-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-520-38759-1">978-0-520-38759-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messianism+and+Sociopolitical+Revolution+in+Medieval+Islam&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft.isbn=978-0-520-38759-1&rft.aulast=Arjomand&rft.aufirst=Said+Amir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrNGAEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGibb_et_al.1986" class="citation book">Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen; Lewis, Brian; Donzel, Emeri J. van; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IAajmgEACAAJ"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Vol. 1-</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). E.J. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%3A+Vol.+1-&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Brian&rft.au=Donzel%2C+Emeri+J.+van&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+Clifford+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIAajmgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGil1997" class="citation book">Gil, Moshe (1997-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC"><i>A History of Palestine, 634-1099</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-59984-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-59984-9">978-0-521-59984-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Palestine%2C+634-1099&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997-02-27&rft.isbn=978-0-521-59984-9&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM0wUKoMJeccC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHolt_et_al.1977" class="citation book">Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977-04-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5OO-AQAACAAJ"><i>The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1A, The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to the First World War</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-29135-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-29135-4">978-0-521-29135-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam%3A+Volume+1A%2C+The+Central+Islamic+Lands+from+Pre-Islamic+Times+to+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977-04-21&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29135-4&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Lambton%2C+Ann+K.+S.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5OO-AQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchacht_et_al.1998" class="citation">Schacht; Lewis; Pellat; Ménage, ed. (1998-06-26), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/1482"><i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume III (H-Iram): [Fasc. 41-60, 60a]</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris), Brill, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-08118-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-08118-5">978-90-04-08118-5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-06-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+III+%28H-Iram%29%3A+%5BFasc.+41-60%2C+60a%5D&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998-06-26&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08118-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fedcollbook%2Ftitle%2F1482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNigosian2004" class="citation book">Nigosian, Solomon A. (2004-01-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC"><i>Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-253-11074-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-253-11074-9">978-0-253-11074-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Its+History%2C+Teaching%2C+and+Practices&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004-01-29&rft.isbn=978-0-253-11074-9&rft.aulast=Nigosian&rft.aufirst=Solomon+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmy7hnALd_NkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHawa2021" class="citation book">Hawa, Salam (2021-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tU1FEAAAQBAJ"><i>Reimagining Arab Political Identity: Justice, Women's Rights and the Arab State</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-429-75555-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-429-75555-2">978-0-429-75555-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reimagining+Arab+Political+Identity%3A+Justice%2C+Women%27s+Rights+and+the+Arab+State&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.isbn=978-0-429-75555-2&rft.aulast=Hawa&rft.aufirst=Salam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtU1FEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMuir1858" class="citation book">Muir, William (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SncOAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Life of Mahomet and History of Islam, to the Era of the Hegira: With Introductory Chapters on the Original Sources for the Biography of Mahomet, and on the Pre-Islamite History of Arabia</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Smith, Elder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Mahomet+and+History+of+Islam%2C+to+the+Era+of+the+Hegira%3A+With+Introductory+Chapters+on+the+Original+Sources+for+the+Biography+of+Mahomet%2C+and+on+the+Pre-Islamite+History+of+Arabia&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSncOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFontaine2022" class="citation book">Fontaine, P. F. M. (2022-10-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2cuUEAAAQBAJ"><i>Imperialism in Medieval History I: Dualism in Byzantine History 476-638 and Dualism in Islam 572-732</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-50234-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-50234-5">978-90-04-50234-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperialism+in+Medieval+History+I%3A+Dualism+in+Byzantine+History+476-638+and+Dualism+in+Islam+572-732&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft.isbn=978-90-04-50234-5&rft.aulast=Fontaine&rft.aufirst=P.+F.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2cuUEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLapidus2012" class="citation book">Lapidus, Ira M. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qcPZ1k65pqkC"><i>Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-51441-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-51441-5">978-0-521-51441-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Societies+to+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51441-5&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqcPZ1k65pqkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFal-Tabari1987" class="citation book">al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1987-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyFjzQEACAAJ"><i>The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-88706-707-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-88706-707-5">978-0-88706-707-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-Tabari+Vol.+6%3A+Muhammad+at+Mecca&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1987-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-707-5&rft.aulast=al-Tabari&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+ibn+Jarir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuyFjzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMuir1923" class="citation book">Muir, Sir William; Weir, Thomas Hunter (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mo7Wq9s_fbsC"><i>The Life of Mohammad from Original Sources</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Grant.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Mohammad+from+Original+Sources&rft.pub=Grant&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Sir+William&rft.au=Weir%2C+Thomas+Hunter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmo7Wq9s_fbsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters1994" class="citation book">Peters, F. E. (1994-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FS8W4fEXJpsC"><i>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4384-1597-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4384-1597-0">978-1-4384-1597-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Origins+of+Islam&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994-04-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-1597-0&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=F.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFS8W4fEXJpsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCole1996" class="citation book">Cole, W. Owen (1996-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1T_UAwAAQBAJ"><i>Six World Faiths</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8264-4964-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8264-4964-1">978-0-8264-4964-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+World+Faiths&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-4964-1&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=W.+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1T_UAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBorupFibigerKühle2019" class="citation book">Borup, Jørn; Fibiger, Marianne Qvortrup; Kühle, Lene (2019-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FMG0DwAAQBAJ"><i>Religious Diversity in Asia</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-41581-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-41581-2">978-90-04-41581-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Diversity+in+Asia&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-41581-2&rft.aulast=Borup&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rn&rft.au=Fibiger%2C+Marianne+Qvortrup&rft.au=K%C3%BChle%2C+Lene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFMG0DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Kathīr1998" class="citation book">Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdTAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Life of the Prophet Muḥammad: A Translation of Al-Sīra Al-Nabawiyya</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85964-040-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85964-040-1">978-1-85964-040-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Prophet+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad%3A+A+Translation+of+Al-S%C4%ABra+Al-Nabawiyya&rft.pub=Center+for+Muslim+Contribution+to+Civilization&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85964-040-1&rft.aulast=Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr&rft.aufirst=Ism%C4%81%CA%BB%C4%ABl+ibn+%CA%BBUmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwVdTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation book">Williams, Rebecca (2013-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBi_X2qoxpgC"><i>Muhammad and the Supernatural: Medieval Arab Views</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-94085-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-135-94085-0">978-1-135-94085-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Supernatural%3A+Medieval+Arab+Views&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94085-0&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBi_X2qoxpgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLewis2009" class="citation book">Lewis, David Levering (2009-01-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zxuar_ISdcUC"><i>God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-393-06790-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-393-06790-3">978-0-393-06790-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Crucible%3A+Islam+and+the+Making+of+Europe%2C+570-1215&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2009-01-12&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06790-3&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David+Levering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZxuar_ISdcUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPhipps2016" class="citation book">Phipps, William E. (2016-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DR_mDAAAQBAJ"><i>Muhammad and Jesus: A Comparison of the Prophets and Their Teachings</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4742-8935-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4742-8935-1">978-1-4742-8935-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+Jesus%3A+A+Comparison+of+the+Prophets+and+Their+Teachings&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-8935-1&rft.aulast=Phipps&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDR_mDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHazleton2014" class="citation book">Hazleton, Lesley (2014-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8b2JDQAAQBAJ"><i>The First Muslim: The Story of Muhammad</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Penguin. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59463-230-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59463-230-3">978-1-59463-230-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Muslim%3A+The+Story+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.isbn=978-1-59463-230-3&rft.aulast=Hazleton&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8b2JDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIbn_KathirGassick2000" class="citation book">Ibn Kathir; Gassick, Dr Trevor Le (2000-09-01). <i>The Life of the Prophet Muhammad Volume I</i> (dalam bahasa English). Diterjemahkan oleh Gassick, Prof Trevor Le. Reading: Garnet Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85964-142-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85964-142-2">978-1-85964-142-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Prophet+Muhammad+Volume+I&rft.place=Reading&rft.pub=Garnet+Publishing&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1-85964-142-2&rft.au=Ibn+Kathir&rft.au=Gassick%2C+Dr+Trevor+Le&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGlubb2001" class="citation book">Glubb, Sir John Bagot (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=miAqAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Life and Times of Muhammad</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cooper Square Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8154-1176-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8154-1176-5">978-0-8154-1176-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Cooper+Square+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8154-1176-5&rft.aulast=Glubb&rft.aufirst=Sir+John+Bagot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmiAqAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDeming2014" class="citation book">Deming, David (2014-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2FKNAgAAQBAJ&dq=muhammad+bring+you+slaughter+quraysh&pg=PA68"><i>Science and Technology in World History, Volume 2: Early Christianity, the Rise of Islam and the Middle Ages</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). McFarland. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7864-5642-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7864-5642-0">978-0-7864-5642-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Technology+in+World+History%2C+Volume+2%3A+Early+Christianity%2C+the+Rise+of+Islam+and+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5642-0&rft.aulast=Deming&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2FKNAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmuhammad%2Bbring%2Byou%2Bslaughter%2Bquraysh%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBearman_et_al.2002" class="citation book">Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, C. Edmund; Donzel, E. J. van, ed. (2002-06-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/6997"><i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume XI (V-Z)</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12756-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12756-2">978-90-04-12756-2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+XI+%28V-Z%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12756-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fedcollbook%2Ftitle%2F6997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPowers2014" class="citation book">Powers, David S. (2014-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rx-LAwAAQBAJ"><i>Zayd</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8122-0995-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8122-0995-2">978-0-8122-0995-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zayd&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2014-05-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0995-2&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRx-LAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRāshid2015" class="citation book">Rāshid, Maʿmar ibn (2015-10-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N8mlCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Expeditions: An Early Biography of Muḥammad</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4798-0047-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4798-0047-6">978-1-4798-0047-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Expeditions%3A+An+Early+Biography+of+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4798-0047-6&rft.aulast=R%C4%81shid&rft.aufirst=Ma%CA%BFmar+ibn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN8mlCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMurray2011" class="citation book">Murray, Alexander (2011-03-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=trene_8DY10C"><i>Suicide in the Middle Ages: Volume 2: The Curse on Self-Murder</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-161399-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-161399-9">978-0-19-161399-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suicide+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Volume+2%3A+The+Curse+on+Self-Murder&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161399-9&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtrene_8DY10C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrown2003" class="citation book">Brown, Daniel W. (2003-10-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPbLcSlUs8cC"><i>A New Introduction to Islam</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-631-21604-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-631-21604-9">978-0-631-21604-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Introduction+to+Islam&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003-10-17&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21604-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Daniel+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPbLcSlUs8cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRosenwein2018" class="citation book">Rosenwein, Barbara H., ed. (2018-05-03). <i>Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, Third Edition</i> (dalam bahasa English). Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4426-3673-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4426-3673-6">978-1-4426-3673-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Sources+from+Europe%2C+Byzantium%2C+and+the+Islamic+World%2C+Third+Edition&rft.place=Toronto+Buffalo+London&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-3673-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGordon2005" class="citation book">Gordon, Matthew (2005-05-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KiawUHevW24C"><i>The Rise of Islam</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-313-32522-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-313-32522-9">978-0-313-32522-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Islam&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005-05-30&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32522-9&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKiawUHevW24C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArdic2012" class="citation book">Ardic, Nurullah (21 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122105439/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAXNxxkJKYsC&pg=PA99"><i>Islam and the Politics of Secularism</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-136-48984-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-136-48984-6">978-1-136-48984-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAXNxxkJKYsC&pg=PA99">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Politics+of+Secularism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-08-21&rft.isbn=978-1-136-48984-6&rft.aulast=Ardic&rft.aufirst=Nurullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZAXNxxkJKYsC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2009" class="citation encyclopaedia">Ahmad, Anis (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205093241/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1102">"Dīn"</a>. Dalam John L. Esposito. <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1102">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=D%C4%ABn&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Anis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft236%2Fe1102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1986" class="citation journal">Ahmed, Leila (1986). "Women and the Advent of Islam". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signs (journal) (halaman belum tersedia)">Signs</a></i>. <b>11</b> (4): 665–91. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F494271">10.1086/494271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs&rft.atitle=Women+and+the+Advent+of+Islam&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=665-91&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F494271&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Leila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAli2014" class="citation book">Ali, Kecia (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-oWYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1"><i>The Lives of Muhammad</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-74448-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-674-74448-6">978-0-674-74448-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-674-74448-6&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Kecia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-oWYBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAli1997" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Mohar_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Mohar Ali (halaman belum tersedia)">Ali, Muhammad Mohar</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamhouse.com/p/51772"><i>The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists</i></a>. King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-9960-770-68-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-9960-770-68-0">978-9960-770-68-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+of+the+Prophet+and+the+Orientalists&rft.pub=King+Fahd+Complex+for+the+Printing+of+the+Holy+Qur%27an&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-9960-770-68-0&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Mohar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamhouse.com%2Fp%2F51772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Armstrong, Karen</a> (1992). <i>Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet</i>. Harpercollins. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-250886-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-250886-7">978-0-06-250886-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+A+Biography+of+the+Prophet&rft.pub=Harpercollins&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-06-250886-7&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAwde2000" class="citation book">Awde, Nicholas (2000). <i>Women in Islam: An Anthology from the Quran and Hadith</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7007-1012-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7007-1012-6">978-0-7007-1012-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Islam%3A+An+Anthology+from+the+Quran+and+Hadith&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1012-6&rft.aulast=Awde&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBallard2002" class="citation book">Ballard, Harold Wayne; Donald N. Penny; W. Glenn Jonas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeyoffaithin0000unse"><i>A Journey of Faith: An Introduction to Christianity</i></a>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-86554-746-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-86554-746-9">978-0-86554-746-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journey+of+Faith%3A+An+Introduction+to+Christianity&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-746-9&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Harold+Wayne&rft.au=Donald+N.+Penny&rft.au=W.+Glenn+Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjourneyoffaithin0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBarlas2002" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Asma_Barlas" title="Asma Barlas">Barlas, Asma</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/believingwomenin0000barl"><i>Believing Women in Islam</i></a>. University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-292-70904-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-292-70904-1">978-0-292-70904-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Believing+Women+in+Islam&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-292-70904-1&rft.aulast=Barlas&rft.aufirst=Asma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbelievingwomenin0000barl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBogle1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emory_C._Bogle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emory C. Bogle (halaman belum tersedia)">Bogle, Emory C.</a> (1998). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam00emor"><i>Islam: Origin and Belief</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Texas University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-292-70862-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-292-70862-4">978-0-292-70862-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Origin+and+Belief&rft.pub=Texas+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-292-70862-4&rft.aulast=Bogle&rft.aufirst=Emory+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislam00emor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrown2011" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_A.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan A.C. (halaman belum tersedia)">Brown, Jonathan A.C.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadveryshor00brow"><i>Muhammad: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-955928-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-955928-2">978-0-19-955928-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955928-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+A.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadveryshor00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrown2014" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_A.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan A.C. (halaman belum tersedia)">Brown, Jonathan A.C.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow"><i>Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oneworld_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oneworld Publications (halaman belum tersedia)">Oneworld Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-78074-420-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-78074-420-9">978-1-78074-420-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misquoting+Muhammad%3A+The+Challenge+and+Choices+of+Interpreting+the+Prophet%27s+Legacy&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-420-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+A.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmisquotingmuhamm0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBullough1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vern_L._Bullough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vern L. Bullough (halaman belum tersedia)">Bullough, Vern L</a>; Brenda Shelton; Sarah Slavin (1998). <i>The Subordinated Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women</i>. University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8203-2369-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8203-2369-5">978-0-8203-2369-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Subordinated+Sex%3A+A+History+of+Attitudes+Toward+Women&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2369-5&rft.aulast=Bullough&rft.aufirst=Vern+L&rft.au=Brenda+Shelton&rft.au=Sarah+Slavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCimino2005" class="citation journal">Cimino, Richard (Desember 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_review-of-religious-research_2005-12_47_2/page/n55">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>No God in Common": American Evangelical Discourse on Islam after 9/11"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Review_of_Religious_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Review of Religious Research (halaman belum tersedia)">Review of Religious Research</a></i>. <b>47</b> (2): 162–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3512048">10.2307/3512048</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3512048">3512048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Religious+Research&rft.atitle=%22No+God+in+Common%22%3A+American+Evangelical+Discourse+on+Islam+after+9%2F11&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=162-74&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3512048&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3512048&rft.aulast=Cimino&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_review-of-religious-research_2005-12_47_2%2Fpage%2Fn55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCohen1995" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_R._Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark R. Cohen (halaman belum tersedia)">Cohen, Mark R.</a> (1995). <i>Under Crescent and Cross</i> (edisi ke-Reissue). Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-01082-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-01082-3">978-0-691-01082-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+Crescent+and+Cross&rft.edition=Reissue&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-01082-3&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Mark+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFConrad1987" class="citation journal">Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 225–40. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00049016">10.1017/S0041977X00049016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Abraha+and+Muhammad%3A+some+observations+apropos+of+chronology+and+literary+topoi+in+the+early+Arabic+historical+tradition1&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-40&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00049016&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2009" class="citation book">Curtis, Michael (2009). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/orientalismislam00curt"><i>Orientalism and Islam: European Thinkers on Oriental Despotism in the Middle East and India</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan"><img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/orientalismislam00curt/page/n42">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-76725-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-76725-5">978-0-521-76725-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orientalism+and+Islam%3A+European+Thinkers+on+Oriental+Despotism+in+the+Middle+East+and+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76725-5&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Forientalismislam00curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDakake2008" class="citation book">Dakake, Maria Massi (2008). <i>The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7914-7033-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7914-7033-6">978-0-7914-7033-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Charismatic+Community%3A+Shi%27ite+Identity+in+Early+Islam&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-7033-6&rft.aulast=Dakake&rft.aufirst=Maria+Massi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDictionary.com2022" class="citation book">"Muhammad". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/muhammad"><i>Dictionary.com Unabridged</i></a> (edisi ke-4th). Random House, Inc. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhammad&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Random+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fmuhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDonner1998" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Donner" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred M. Donner">Donner, Fred</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/narrativesofisla0000donn"><i>Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing</i></a>. Darwin Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87850-127-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87850-127-4">978-0-87850-127-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narratives+of+Islamic+Origins%3A+The+Beginnings+of+Islamic+Historical+Writing&rft.pub=Darwin+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87850-127-4&rft.aulast=Donner&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnarrativesofisla0000donn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFErnst2004" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Ernst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Ernst (halaman belum tersedia)">Ernst, Carl</a> (2004). <i>Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World</i>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8078-5577-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8078-5577-5">978-0-8078-5577-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Following+Muhammad%3A+Rethinking+Islam+in+the+Contemporary+World&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-5577-5&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEsposito1998" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat00espo_0"><i>Islam: The Straight Path</i></a> (edisi ke-3rd). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-511234-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-511234-4">978-0-19-511234-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+The+Straight+Path&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511234-4&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamstraightpat00espo_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEsposito1999" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamicthreatmyt00espo"><i>The Islamic Threat: Myth Or Reality?</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-513076-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-513076-8">978-0-19-513076-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Threat%3A+Myth+Or+Reality%3F&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513076-8&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamicthreatmyt00espo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2002" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John</a> (2002). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed0000espo"><i>What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-515713-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-515713-0">978-0-19-515713-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know+About+Islam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515713-0&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhateveryoneneed0000espo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2003" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John</a>, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada/page/198"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</i></a>. hlm. 198. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-512558-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-512558-0">978-0-19-512558-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.pages=198&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512558-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary00bada%2Fpage%2F198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2011" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930142902/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA14"><i>What everyone needs to know about Islam</i></a> (edisi ke-2). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-979413-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-979413-3">978-0-19-979413-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA14">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+everyone+needs+to+know+about+Islam&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-979413-3&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2wSVQI3Ya2EC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFarah1994" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesar_E._Farah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesar E. Farah (halaman belum tersedia)">Farah, Caesar</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse0000fara"><i>Islam: Beliefs and Observances</i></a> (edisi ke-5th). Barron's Educational Series. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8120-1853-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8120-1853-0">978-0-8120-1853-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Beliefs+and+Observances&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0&rft.aulast=Farah&rft.aufirst=Caesar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislambeliefsobse0000fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGlubb2002" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Bagot_Glubb" title="John Bagot Glubb">Glubb, John Bagot</a> (2002) [1970]. <i>The Life and Times of Muhammad</i>. Hodder and Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8154-1176-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8154-1176-5">978-0-8154-1176-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8154-1176-5&rft.aulast=Glubb&rft.aufirst=John+Bagot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1995" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Goldman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Goldman (halaman belum tersedia)">Goldman, Elizabeth</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/believersspiritu00gold"><i>Believers: spiritual leaders of the world</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-508240-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-508240-1">978-0-19-508240-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Believers%3A+spiritual+leaders+of+the+world&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508240-1&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbelieversspiritu00gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2006" class="citation book">Goldman, Ann; Richard Hain; Stephen Liben (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordtextbookof0000unse_g7j0"><i>Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care for Children</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-852653-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-852653-7">978-0-19-852653-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Textbook+of+Palliative+Care+for+Children&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-852653-7&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.au=Richard+Hain&rft.au=Stephen+Liben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordtextbookof0000unse_g7j0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoddart2000" class="citation book">Goddard, Hugh (2000). "The First Age of Christian-Muslim Interaction (c. 830/215)". <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historychristian00godd"><i>A History of Christian-Muslim Relations</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan"><img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Edinburgh University Press. hlm. 34–41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56663-340-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56663-340-6">978-1-56663-340-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+First+Age+of+Christian-Muslim+Interaction+%28c.+830%2F215%29&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christian-Muslim+Relations&rft.pages=34-41&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56663-340-6&rft.aulast=Goddard&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorychristian00godd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGottheilMontgomeryGrimme1906" class="citation encyclopaedia">Gottheil, Richard; Montgomery, Mary W.; Grimme, Hubert (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10918-mohammed">"Mohammed"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopelman_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopelman Foundation (halaman belum tersedia)">Kopelman Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mohammed&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Kopelman+Foundation&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Gottheil&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+Mary+W.&rft.au=Grimme%2C+Hubert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F10918-mohammed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHaaren1904" class="citation book">Haaren, John Henry; Addison B. Poland (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/famousmenofmiddl00robs"><i>Famous Men of the Middle Ages</i></a>. University Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-882514-05-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-882514-05-2">978-1-882514-05-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Men+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=University+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1904&rft.isbn=978-1-882514-05-2&rft.aulast=Haaren&rft.aufirst=John+Henry&rft.au=Addison+B.+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffamousmenofmiddl00robs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. (2003). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". <i>27 Fordham International Law Journal</i> 195.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHoltLambtonLewis1977" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Holt_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Holt (historian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Holt, P. M.</a>; Lambton, Ann K. S.; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1977). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam</i> (edisi ke-paperback). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-29135-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-29135-4">978-0-521-29135-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.edition=paperback&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29135-4&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Lambton%2C+Ann+K.+S.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHouraniRuthven2003" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hourani" title="Albert Hourani">Hourani, Albert</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malise_Ruthven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malise Ruthven (halaman belum tersedia)">Ruthven, Malise</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS"><i>A History of the Arab Peoples</i></a>. Belknap Press; Revised edition. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-01017-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-674-01017-8">978-0-674-01017-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Arab+Peoples&rft.pub=Belknap+Press%3B+Revised+edition&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01017-8&rft.aulast=Hourani&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.au=Ruthven%2C+Malise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Isa2011" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam_Tirmidhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imam Tirmidhi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibn Isa, Muhammad (Imam Tirmidhi)</a> (2011). <i>Syama'il Muhammadiyah: KeanggunanMu Ya Rasulullah</i> (Hardcover) (dalam bahasa Arab and Melayu). Malaysia: PTS Islamika Sdn. Bhd. hlm. 388. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-967-366-064-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-967-366-064-3">978-967-366-064-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syama%27il+Muhammadiyah%3A+KeanggunanMu+Ya+Rasulullah&rft.place=Malaysia&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=PTS+Islamika+Sdn.+Bhd.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-967-366-064-3&rft.aulast=Ibn+Isa&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+%28Imam+Tirmidhi%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIshaq2002" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Ishaq" title="Ibnu Ishaq">Ishaq, Ibn</a> (2002). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Guillaume (halaman belum tersedia)">Guillaume, Alfred</a>, ed. <i>The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-636033-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-636033-1">978-0-19-636033-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad%3A+A+Translation+of+Ibn+Ishaq%27s+Sirat+Rasul+Allah&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-636033-1&rft.aulast=Ishaq&rft.aufirst=Ibn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1995" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Jacobs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Jacobs (halaman belum tersedia)">Jacobs, Louis</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishreligionco0000jaco"><i>The Jewish Religion: A Companion</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-826463-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-826463-7">978-0-19-826463-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Religion%3A+A+Companion&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-826463-7&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishreligionco0000jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKelsay1993" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kelsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kelsay (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelsay, John</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamwarstudyinc0000kels"><i>Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-25302-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-25302-8">978-0-664-25302-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+War%3A+A+Study+in+Comparative+Ethics&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25302-8&rft.aulast=Kelsay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamwarstudyinc0000kels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKhan1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majid_Ali_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majid Ali Khan (halaman belum tersedia)">Khan, Majid Ali</a> (1998). <i>Muhammad The Final Messenger</i>. New Delhi: Islamic Book Service. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-85738-25-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-85738-25-3">978-81-85738-25-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+The+Final+Messenger&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Islamic+Book+Service&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-85738-25-3&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Majid+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKochler1982" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_K%C3%B6chler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Köchler (halaman belum tersedia)">Kochler, Hans</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conceptofmonothe0000unse"><i>Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity</i></a>. I.P.O. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-7003-0339-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-7003-0339-8">978-3-7003-0339-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concept+of+Monotheism+in+Islam+%26+Christianity&rft.pub=I.P.O.&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-7003-0339-8&rft.aulast=Kochler&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconceptofmonothe0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLapidus2002" class="citation book">Lapidus, Ira (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2"><i>A History of Islamic Societies</i></a> (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-77933-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-77933-3">978-0-521-77933-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77933-3&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofislamic0000lapi_t2d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLarsson2003" class="citation book">Larsson, Göran (2003). <i>Ibn Garcia's Shu'Ubiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval Al-Andalus</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12740-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12740-1">978-90-04-12740-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+Garcia%27s+Shu%27Ubiyya+Letter%3A+Ethnic+and+Theological+Tensions+in+Medieval+Al-Andalus&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12740-1&rft.aulast=Larsson&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6ran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLewis1993" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (2002) [1993]. <i>The Arabs in History</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-280310-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-280310-8">978-0-19-280310-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280310-8&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLewis1992" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1992). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_Slavery_in_the_Middle_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Race and Slavery in the Middle East (halaman belum tersedia)">Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry</a></i> (edisi ke-Reprint). Oxford University Press, US. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-505326-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-505326-5">978-0-19-505326-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+Slavery+in+the+Middle+East%3A+An+Historical+Enquiry&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+US&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505326-5&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation magazine">Lewis, Bernard (21 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1988/jan/21/islamic-revolution/">"Islamic Revolution"</a>. <i>The New York Review of Books</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Islamic+Revolution&rft.date=1998-01-21&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F1988%2Fjan%2F21%2Fislamic-revolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLings1983" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lings" title="Martin Lings">Lings, Martin</a> (1983). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad:_His_Life_Based_on_the_Earliest_Sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources</a></i>. Islamic Texts Society. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-946621-33-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-946621-33-0">978-0-946621-33-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+His+Life+Based+on+the+Earliest+Sources&rft.pub=Islamic+Texts+Society.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-946621-33-0&rft.aulast=Lings&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> US edn. by Inner Traditions International, Ltd.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1997" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a> (1997). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Succession_to_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Succession to Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</a></i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-64696-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-64696-3">978-0-521-64696-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64696-3&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMomen1985" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontosh0000unse_d5k7"><i>An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-300-03531-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-300-03531-5">978-0-300-03531-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelver+Shi%CA%BBism&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-300-03531-5&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontosh0000unse_d5k7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNeusner2003" class="citation book">Neusner, Jacob (2003). <i>God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions</i>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87840-910-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87840-910-5">978-0-87840-910-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Rule%3A+The+Politics+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87840-910-5&rft.aulast=Neusner&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOrdoni1992" class="citation book">Ordoni, Abu Muhammad; Muhammad Kazim Qazwini (1992). <i>Fatima the Gracious</i>. Ansariyan Publications. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BWQ7N6">B000BWQ7N6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatima+the+Gracious&rft.pub=Ansariyan+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Ordoni&rft.aufirst=Abu+Muhammad&rft.au=Muhammad+Kazim+Qazwini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters1991" class="citation journal">Peters, Francis Edward (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1991-08_23_3/page/291">"The Quest of the Historical Muhammad"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Journal_of_Middle_East_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Journal of Middle East Studies (halaman belum tersedia)">International Journal of Middle East Studies</a></i>. <b>23</b> (3): 291–315. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800056312">10.1017/S0020743800056312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Quest+of+the+Historical+Muhammad&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-315&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800056312&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1991-08_23_3%2Fpage%2F291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters2003" class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe"><i>Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-11553-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-11553-5">978-0-691-11553-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+A+Guide+for+Jews+and+Christians&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11553-5&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamguideforjew00fepe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters2003b" class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (2003b). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691123721/the-monotheists-jews-christians-and-muslims-in-conflict-and"><i>The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. 1: The Peoples of God. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-691-11460-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-691-11460-9">0-691-11460-9</a>. ASIN: B0012385Z6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monotheists%3A+Jews%2C+Christians%2C+and+Muslims+in+Conflict+and+Competition&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-691-11460-9&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Fbooks%2Fpaperback%2F9780691123721%2Fthe-monotheists-jews-christians-and-muslims-in-conflict-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters2003c" class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (2003c). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691123738/the-monotheists-jews-christians-and-muslims-in-conflict-and"><i>The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. 2: The Words and Will of God. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-691-11461-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-691-11461-7">0-691-11461-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monotheists%3A+Jews%2C+Christians%2C+and+Muslims+in+Conflict+and+Competition&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-691-11461-7&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Fbooks%2Fpaperback%2F9780691123738%2Fthe-monotheists-jews-christians-and-muslims-in-conflict-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters2010" class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (10 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614223637/http://books.google.com/books?id=olEi-1LZYYQC&pg=PA159"><i>Jesus and Muhammad: Parallel Tracks, Parallel Lives</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-974746-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-974746-7">978-0-19-974746-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olEi-1LZYYQC&pg=PA159">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+Muhammad%3A+Parallel+Tracks%2C+Parallel+Lives&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-11-10&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974746-7&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolEi-1LZYYQC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2007" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Peterson (halaman belum tersedia)">Peterson, Daniel</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadpropheto0000pete"><i>Muhammad, Prophet of God</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-0754-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-0754-0">978-0-8028-0754-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%2C+Prophet+of+God&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0754-0&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadpropheto0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2008" class="citation book">Quinn, Frederick (2008). "The Prophet as Antichrist and Arab Lucifer (Early Times to 1600)". <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sumofallheresies0000quin"><i>The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. hlm. 17–54. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-532563-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-532563-8">978-0-19-532563-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Prophet+as+Antichrist+and+Arab+Lucifer+%28Early+Times+to+1600%29&rft.btitle=The+Sum+of+All+Heresies%3A+The+Image+of+Islam+in+Western+Thought&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17-54&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532563-8&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsumofallheresies0000quin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRahman1979" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazlur_Rahman_Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazlur Rahman Malik (halaman belum tersedia)">Rahman, Fazlur</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780226702810"><i>Islam</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-226-70281-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-226-70281-0">978-0-226-70281-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-226-70281-0&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Fazlur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780226702810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRamadan2007" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Ramadan, Tariq</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infootstepsofpro00rama"><i>In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-530880-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-530880-8">978-0-19-530880-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Footsteps+of+the+Prophet%3A+Lessons+from+the+Life+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530880-8&rft.aulast=Ramadan&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finfootstepsofpro00rama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReeves2003" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minou_Reeves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minou Reeves (halaman belum tersedia)">Reeves, Minou</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000mino"><i>Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making</i></a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8147-7564-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8147-7564-6">978-0-8147-7564-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+Europe%3A+A+Thousand+Years+of+Western+Myth-Making&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-7564-6&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Minou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadineurope0000mino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRobin2012" class="citation book">Robin, Christian J. (2012). <i>Arabia and Ethiopia. In The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. OUP USA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-533693-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-533693-1">978-0-19-533693-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabia+and+Ethiopia.+In+The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533693-1&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=Christian+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2004" class="citation book">Robinson, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimsocietiesi0000robi"><i>Muslim Societies in African History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-82627-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-82627-3">978-0-521-82627-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Societies+in+African+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82627-3&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimsocietiesi0000robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMaxime2002" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxime_Rodinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxime Rodinson (halaman belum tersedia)">Rodinson, Maxime</a> (2002). <i>Muhammad: Prophet of Islam</i>. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-86064-827-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-86064-827-4">978-1-86064-827-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+of+Islam&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke+Paperbacks&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-827-4&rft.au=Rodinson%2C+Maxime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRue2005" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loyal_Rue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loyal Rue (halaman belum tersedia)">Rue, Loyal</a> (2005). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religionisnotabo00loya"><i>Religion Is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Rutgers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8135-3955-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8135-3955-3">978-0-8135-3955-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+Is+Not+about+God%3A+How+Spiritual+Traditions+Nurture+Our+Biological&rft.pub=Rutgers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3955-3&rft.aulast=Rue&rft.aufirst=Loyal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligionisnotabo00loya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSerin1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhittin_Serin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhittin Serin (halaman belum tersedia)">Serin, Muhittin</a> (1998). <i>Hattat Aziz Efendi</i>. Istanbul. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-975-7663-03-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-975-7663-03-4">978-975-7663-03-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/51718704">51718704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hattat+Aziz+Efendi&rft.pub=Istanbul&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51718704&rft.isbn=978-975-7663-03-4&rft.aulast=Serin&rft.aufirst=Muhittin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSikand2004" class="citation book">Sikand, Yoginder (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimsinindiasi0000sika"><i>Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations</i></a>. London: RoutledgeCurzon. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-31486-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-31486-2">978-0-415-31486-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+India+since+1947%3A+Islamic+perspectives+on+inter-faith+relations&rft.place=London&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31486-2&rft.aulast=Sikand&rft.aufirst=Yoginder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimsinindiasi0000sika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSpellberg1996" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denise_Spellberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denise Spellberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Spellberg, Denise A.</a> (1996). <i>Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: The Legacy of 'A'isha Bint Abi Bakr</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Columbia University Press. hlm. 39–40. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-231-07999-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-231-07999-0">978-0-231-07999-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics%2C+Gender%2C+and+the+Islamic+Past%3A+The+Legacy+of+%27A%27isha+Bint+Abi+Bakr&rft.pages=39-40&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07999-0&rft.aulast=Spellberg&rft.aufirst=Denise+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStillman1979" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_A._Stillman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman A. Stillman (halaman belum tersedia)">Stillman, Norman A.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA236"><i>The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book</i></a>. Jewish Publication Society. hlm. 236. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8276-0198-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8276-0198-7">978-0-8276-0198-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Arab+Lands%3A+A+History+and+Source+Book&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8276-0198-7&rft.aulast=Stillman&rft.aufirst=Norman+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbFN2ismyhEYC%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Allameh_Tabatabaei" class="mw-redirect" title="Allameh Tabatabaei">Tabatabai, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Mizan" title="Tafsir al-Mizan">AL-MIZAN:AN EXEGESIS OF THE QUR'AN, translation by S. Saeed Rizvi</a></i>. WOFIS. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-964-6521-14-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-964-6521-14-8">978-964-6521-14-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AL-MIZAN%3AAN+EXEGESIS+OF+THE+QUR%27AN%2C+translation+by+S.+Saeed+Rizvi&rft.pub=WOFIS&rft.isbn=978-964-6521-14-8&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=Sayyid+Mohammad+Hosayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTeed1992" class="citation book">Teed, Peter (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoftwen00teed"><i>A Dictionary of Twentieth Century History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-211676-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-211676-5">978-0-19-211676-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Twentieth+Century+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211676-5&rft.aulast=Teed&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryoftwen00teed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTurner2005" class="citation book">Turner, Colin (2005). <i>Islam: The Basics</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-34106-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-34106-6">978-0-415-34106-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+The+Basics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34106-6&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatt1953" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1953). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_at_Mecca_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad at Mecca (book) (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad at Mecca</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-577277-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-577277-7">978-0-19-577277-7</a>. ASIN: B000IUA52A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+at+Mecca&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=978-0-19-577277-7&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatt1956" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1956). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_at_Medina_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad at Medina (book) (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad at Medina</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-577307-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-577307-1">978-0-19-577307-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+at+Medina&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=978-0-19-577307-1&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWat1961t" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt"><i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-881078-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-881078-0">978-0-19-881078-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+and+Statesman&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-19-881078-0&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadprophets00watt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatt1964" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000unse"><i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780198810780" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780198810780">9780198810780</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/2756451">2756451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+and+Statesman&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2756451&rft.isbn=9780198810780&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammad0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatt1974" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt/page/138"><i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i></a>. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-881078-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-881078-4">0-19-881078-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+and+Statesman&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-19-881078-4&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadprophets00watt%2Fpage%2F138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWelchMoussalliNewby2009" class="citation encyclopaedia">Welch, Alford T.; Moussalli, Ahmad S.; Newby, Gordon D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550">"Muḥammad"</a>. Dalam John L. Esposito. <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Alford+T.&rft.au=Moussalli%2C+Ahmad+S.&rft.au=Newby%2C+Gordon+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft236%2Fe0550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWidjan1999" class="citation journal">Wijdan, Ali (28 August 1999). "From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th century Ottoman Art". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_11th_International_Congress_of_Turkish_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art (halaman belum tersedia)">Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art</a></i> (7): 1–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+11th+International+Congress+of+Turkish+Art&rft.atitle=From+the+Literal+to+the+Spiritual%3A+The+Development+of+Prophet+Muhammad%27s+Portrayal+from+13th+century+Ilkhanid+Miniatures+to+17th+century+Ottoman+Art&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=1999-08-28&rft.aulast=Wijdan&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWillis2013" class="citation book">Willis, John Ralph, ed. (2013). <i>Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: Islam and the Ideology of Enslavement</i>. <b>1</b>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Routledge</a>. hlm. vii–xi, 3–26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7146-3142-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7146-3142-4">978-0-7146-3142-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves+and+Slavery+in+Muslim+Africa%3A+Islam+and+the+Ideology+of+Enslavement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=vii-xi%2C+3-26&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3142-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Encyclopaedia_of_Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBuhlWelch1993" class="citation encyclopaedia">Buhl, F.; Welch, A.T. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhammad-COM_0780">"Muḥammad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>7</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill. hlm. 360–376. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-09419-2">978-90-04-09419-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=360-376&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rft.aulast=Buhl&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Welch%2C+A.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fmuhammad-COM_0780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatt1971" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648">"Ḥalīma Bint Abī Ḏh̲uʾayb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>3</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%A4al%C4%ABma+Bint+Ab%C4%AB+%E1%B8%8Eh%CC%B2u%CA%BEayb&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fhalima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatt1960" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/amina-SIM_0601">"Āmina"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>1</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80mina&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Famina-SIM_0601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAbel1960" class="citation encyclopaedia">Abel, Armand (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/bahira-SIM_1050">"Baḥīrā"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>1</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ba%E1%B8%A5%C4%ABr%C4%81&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=Armand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fbahira-SIM_1050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArafat1960" class="citation encyclopaedia">Arafat, W. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/bilal-b-rabah-SIM_1412">"Bilāl b. Rabāḥ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>1</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bil%C4%81l+b.+Rab%C4%81%E1%B8%A5&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Arafat&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fbilal-b-rabah-SIM_1412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWensick2002" class="citation encyclopaedia">Wensinck, A.J.; Rippen, A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/wahy-COM_1331">"Waḥy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. <b>11</b> (edisi ke-2nd). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wa%E1%B8%A5y&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Wensinck&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft.au=Rippen%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fwahy-COM_1331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Berg, Herbert, ed. (2003). <i>Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins</i>. E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12602-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12602-2">978-90-04-12602-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Method+and+Theory+in+the+Study+of+Islamic+Origins&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12602-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cook, Michael (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4"><i>Muhammad</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-287605-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-287605-8">978-0-19-287605-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-19-287605-8&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammad0000cook_h0b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Guillaume, Alfred (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfMohammed"><i>The Life of Muhammad: A translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-636033-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-636033-1">0-19-636033-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad%3A+A+translation+of+Ibn+Ishaq%27s+Sirat+Rasul+Allah&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0-19-636033-1&rft.aulast=Guillaume&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheLifeOfMohammed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hamidullah, Muhammad (1998). <i>The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam</i>. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-969-8413-00-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-969-8413-00-2">978-969-8413-00-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+the+Prophet+of+Islam&rft.pub=Islamabad%3A+Islamic+Research+Institute&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-969-8413-00-2&rft.aulast=Hamidullah&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harald_Motzki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harald Motzki (halaman belum tersedia)">Motzki, Harald</a>, ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographyofmuham0000unse"><i>The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources – Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts, Vol. 32</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-11513-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-11513-2">978-90-04-11513-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+of+Muhammad%3A+The+Issue+of+the+Sources+%E2%80%93+Islamic+History+and+Civilization%3A+Studies+and+Texts%2C+Vol.+32&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11513-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiographyofmuham0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Musa, A.Y. <i>Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam</i>, New York: Palgrave, 2008</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Rubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uri Rubin (halaman belum tersedia)">Rubin, Uri</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eyeofbeholderlif0000rubi"><i>The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (A Textual Analysis)</i></a>. Darwin Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87850-110-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87850-110-6">978-0-87850-110-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eye+of+the+Beholder%3A+The+Life+of+Muhammad+as+Viewed+by+the+Early+Muslims+%28A+Textual+Analysis%29&rft.pub=Darwin+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-87850-110-6&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feyeofbeholderlif0000rubi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Schimmel, Annemarie</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/andmuhammadishis00schi"><i>And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety</i></a>. The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8078-4128-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8078-4128-0">978-0-8078-4128-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=And+Muhammad+is+His+Messenger%3A+The+Veneration+of+the+Prophet+in+Islamic+Piety&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-4128-0&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fandmuhammadishis00schi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali, Tariq</a>, "Winged Words" (review of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxime_Rodinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxime Rodinson (halaman belum tersedia)">Maxime Rodinson</a>, <i>Muhammad</i>, translated by Anne Carter, NYRB, March 2021, 373 pp., <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978_1_68137_492_5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978 1 68137 492 5">978 1 68137 492 5</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>, vol. 43, no. 12 (17 June 2021), pp. 11–14.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Muhammad pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Muhammad">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Muhammad">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Muhammad">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Q9458" title="Cari di Wikidata"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/25px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/38px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/50px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Q9458" class="extiw" title="d:Special:Search/Q9458">Entri basisdata #Q9458</a> di Wikidata </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Islam/Prophets/Muhammed">Muhammad</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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aria-labelledby="Muhammad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_Muhammad" title="Templat:Topik Muhammad"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Topik_Muhammad" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Topik Muhammad"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_Muhammad&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muhammad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Keluarga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Orang tua</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib">Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminah" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah">Aminah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Orang tua asuh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsuwaibah" title="Tsuwaibah">Tsuwaibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halimah_as-Sa%27diyah" title="Halimah as-Sa'diyah">Halimah as-Sa'diyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Saudara-saudara dan kerabat lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamzah bin Abdul Muthalib">Hamzah bin Abdul Muthalib</a> (paman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Salamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Salamah">Abu Salamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_bin_al-Harits" title="Abu Sufyan bin al-Harits">Abu Sufyan bin al-Harits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Istri-istri_Muhammad" title="Istri-istri Muhammad">Istri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khadijah_binti_Khuwailid" title="Khadijah binti Khuwailid">Khadijah binti Khuwailid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudah_binti_Zam%27ah" title="Saudah binti Zam'ah">Saudah binti Zam'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisyah" title="Aisyah">Aisyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafshah_binti_Umar" title="Hafshah binti Umar">Hafshah binti Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainab_binti_Khuzaimah" title="Zainab binti Khuzaimah">Zainab binti Khuzaimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummu_Salamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummu Salamah">Ummu Salamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainab_binti_Jahsy" title="Zainab binti Jahsy">Zainab binti Jahsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juwairiyah_binti_al-Harits" title="Juwairiyah binti al-Harits">Juwairiyah binti al-Harits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_al-Qibtiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria al-Qibtiyyah">Maria al-Qibtiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlah_binti_Abu_Sufyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramlah binti Abu Sufyan">Ramlah binti Abu Sufyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafiyah_binti_Huyay" title="Shafiyah binti Huyay">Shafiyah binti Huyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimunah_binti_al-Harits" title="Maimunah binti al-Harits">Maimunah binti al-Harits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Keturunan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Anak-anak_Muhammad" title="Anak-anak Muhammad">Anak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_bin_Muhammad" title="Qasim bin Muhammad">Qasim bin Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Muhammad" title="Abdullah bin Muhammad">Abdullah bin Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_bin_Muhammad" title="Ibrahim bin Muhammad">Ibrahim bin Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainab_binti_Muhammad" title="Zainab binti Muhammad">Zainab binti Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruqayyah_binti_Muhammad" title="Ruqayyah binti Muhammad">Ruqayyah binti Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummu_Kultsum_binti_Muhammad" title="Ummu Kultsum binti Muhammad">Ummu Kultsum binti Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimah_az-Zahra" title="Fatimah az-Zahra">Fatimah az-Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaid_bin_Haritsah" title="Zaid bin Haritsah">Zaid bin Haritsah</a> (anak angkat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Cucu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_bin_Ali" title="Hasan bin Ali">Hasan bin Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husain_bin_Ali" title="Husain bin Ali">Husain bin Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_bin_Ali" title="Muhsin bin Ali">Muhsin bin Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainab_binti_Ali" title="Zainab binti Ali">Zainab binti Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummi_Kultsum_binti_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummi Kultsum binti Ali">Ummi Kultsum binti Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umamah_binti_Zainab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umamah binti Zainab">Umamah binti Zainab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Mukjizat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbelahnya_bulan" title="Terbelahnya bulan">Terbelahnya bulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra_Mikraj" title="Isra Mikraj">Isra Mikraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Peristiwa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_ekspedisi_Muhammad" title="Daftar ekspedisi Muhammad">Ekspedisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haji_Wadak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haji Wadak (halaman belum tersedia)">Haji Wadak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotbah_Ghadir_Khum" title="Khotbah Ghadir Khum">Khotbah Ghadir Khum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_di_Madinah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad di Madinah">Muhammad di Madinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahun_Dukacita" title="Tahun Dukacita">Tahun Dukacita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiat_Aqabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiat Aqabah (halaman belum tersedia)">Baiat Aqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunjungan_Muhammad_ke_Tha%27if&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunjungan Muhammad ke Tha'if (halaman belum tersedia)">Kunjungan Muhammad ke Tha'if</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Tokoh-tokoh terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar">Abu Bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Khattab" title="Umar bin Khattab">Umar bin Khattab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsman_bin_Affan" title="Utsman bin Affan">Utsman bin Affan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib">Ali bin Abi Thalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ja'far bin Abi Thalib">Ja'far bin Abi Thalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamzah bin Abdul Muthalib">Hamzah bin Abdul Muthalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Thalib" title="Abu Thalib">Abu Thalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Lahab" title="Abu Lahab">Abu Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_bin_Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib">Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muthalib" title="Abdul Muthalib">Abdul Muthalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibnu Abbas">Ibnu Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_bin_Harb" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sufyan bin Harb">Abu Sufyan bin Harb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waraqah_bin_Naufal" title="Waraqah bin Naufal">Waraqah bin Naufal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaid_bin_Haritsah" title="Zaid bin Haritsah">Zaid bin Haritsah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_bin_Tsabit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan bin Tsabit (halaman belum tersedia)">Hasan bin Tsabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_bin_Rabah" title="Bilal bin Rabah">Bilal bin Rabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_bin_Malik" title="Anas bin Malik">Anas bin Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummu_Aiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummu Aiman">Ummu Aiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Topik lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maulid" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulid">Maulid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%60at&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na`at (halaman belum tersedia)">Naat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selawat" title="Selawat">Durood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0-L-M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Š-L-M (halaman belum tersedia)">Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selawat_Burdah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selawat Burdah (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Burdah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thala%27_al-Badru_%27Alayna" class="mw-redirect" title="Thala' al-Badru 'Alayna">Thala' al-Badru 'Alayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsilah_keluarga_Muhammad" title="Silsilah keluarga Muhammad">Silsilah keluarga Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surat-surat_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surat-surat Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Surat-surat Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nama_dan_gelar_Muhammad" title="Nama dan gelar Muhammad">Nama dan gelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_dan_Alkitab" title="Muhammad dan Alkitab">Muhammad dan Alkitab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Hal-hal terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harta_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harta Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Harta Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relik_Suci_(Istana_Topkap%C4%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relik Suci (Istana Topkapı) (halaman belum tersedia)">Relik Suci (Istana Topkapı)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimbar" title="Mimbar">Mimbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaswa" title="Qaswa">Qaswa</a> (Unta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segel_Muhammad" title="Segel Muhammad">Segel Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standar_Hitam" title="Standar Hitam">Standar Hitam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Kitab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahih_al-Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahih al-Bukhari">Shahih al-Bukhari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahih_Muslim" title="Shahih Muslim">Shahih Muslim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jami%27_at-Tirmidzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jami' at-Tirmidzi">Jami' at-Tirmidzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ibnu_Majah" title="Sunan Ibnu Majah">Sunan Ibnu Majah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawud" title="Sunan Abu Dawud">Sunan Abu Dawud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_an-Nasa%27i" title="Sunan an-Nasa'i">Sunan an-Nasa'i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafi" title="Kitab al-Kafi">Kitab al-Kafi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Kitab sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirah_Ibnu_Hisyam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirah Ibnu Hisyam (halaman belum tersedia)">Sirah Ibnu Hisyam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muwahib_al-Ladunniyyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sirah_Nabawiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirah Nabawiyah">Sirah Nabawiyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rahiq_Al-Makhtum" title="Ar-Rahiq Al-Makhtum">Ar-Rahiq Al-Makhtum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Sirah_Nabawiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirah Nabawiyah">Sirah Nabawiyah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asy-Syifa_bi_ta%27rif_huquq_al-musthafa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asy-Syifa bi ta'rif huquq al-musthafa (halaman belum tersedia)">Asy-Syifa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syama%27il_Muhammadiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syama'il Muhammadiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Syama'il Muhammadiyah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Selawat" title="Selawat">Selawat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Selawat" title="Selawat">Selawat Ibrahimiyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalail_al-Khairat" title="Dalail al-Khairat">Dalail al-Khairat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Tempat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Kota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Tha'if">Tha'if</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaibar" title="Khaibar">Khaibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Ethiopia">Habasyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Mu%27tah" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Mu'tah">Mutah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuk" title="Tabuk">Tabuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Tempat khusus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_an-Nur" title="Jabal an-Nur">Jabal an-Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Uhud" title="Gunung Uhud">Gunung Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Tsur" title="Gunung Tsur">Jabal Tsur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mina">Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah" title="Muzdalifah">Muzdalifah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arafah" title="Arafah">Gunung Arafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Hijau" title="Kubah Hijau">Kubah Hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemakaman_Baqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemakaman Baqi">Pemakaman Baqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">Masjid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masjidilaqsa" title="Masjidilaqsa">Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjidilharam" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjidilharam">Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Qiblatain" title="Masjid Qiblatain">Qiblatain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Quba" title="Masjid Quba">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nabi_dan_Rasul_yang_disebutkan_dalam_Al-Qur&#039;an" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Nabi_dan_Rasul_dalam_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Nabi dan Rasul dalam Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Nabi_dan_Rasul_dalam_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Nabi dan Rasul dalam Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Nabi_dan_Rasul_dalam_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nabi_dan_Rasul_yang_disebutkan_dalam_Al-Qur&#039;an" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nabi_dan_rasul_dalam_Islam" title="Nabi dan rasul dalam Islam">Nabi dan Rasul</a> yang disebutkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">آدم</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إدريس</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">نوح</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">هود</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">صالح</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إبراهيم</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">لوط</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إسماعيل</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Adam (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Adam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idris" title="Idris">Idris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henokh_(leluhur_Nuh)" title="Henokh (leluhur Nuh)">Henokh</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nuh_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuh (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Nuh</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh">Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">Hud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saleh" title="Saleh">Saleh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah" title="Selah">Selah</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lut" title="Lut">Lut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ismail" title="Ismail">Ismail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إسحاق</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يعقوب</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يوسف</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">أيوب</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">شُعيب</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">موسى</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">هارون</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">داود</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishak_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishak (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Ishaq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishak" title="Ishak">Ishak</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakub_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakub (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Ya'qub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakub" title="Yakub">Yakub</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Yusuf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf" title="Yusuf">Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayub_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Ayub (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Ayyub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ayub">Ayub</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Syu%27aib" class="mw-redirect" title="Syu'aib">Syu'aib</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitro" title="Yitro">Yitro</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Musa_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Musa (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Musa</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa" title="Musa">Musa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Harun_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Harun (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Harun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun" class="mw-disambig" title="Harun">Harun</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daud_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daud (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Dawud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daud" title="Daud">Daud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">سليمان</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إلياس</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إليسع</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يونس</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">ذو الكفل</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">زكريا</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يحيى</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">عيسى</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">مُحمد</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman" title="Sulaiman">Sulaiman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilyas" title="Ilyas">Ilyas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia" title="Elia">Elia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilyasa" title="Ilyasa">Ilyasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisa" title="Elisa">Elisa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yunus" title="Yunus">Yunus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zulkifli" title="Zulkifli">Zulkifli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya" title="Zakariyya">Zakariyya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakharia" class="mw-disambig" title="Zakharia">Zakharia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahya" title="Yahya">Yahya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis">Yohanes Pembaptis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus" title="Yesus">Yesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div>Umat Muslim meyakini bahwa telah banyak nabi diutus oleh <a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allah</a> untuk umat manusia. Nabi-nabi ini disebutkan namanya dalam Al-Qur'an. <b>Tebal:</b> lima rasul yang mendapatkan gelar <a href="/wiki/Ululazmi" title="Ululazmi">Ululazmi</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topik_Islam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_Islam" title="Templat:Topik Islam"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Topik_Islam" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Topik Islam"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topik_Islam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topik <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Garis_besar_Islam" title="Garis besar Islam">Garis besar Islam</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Iman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukun Iman">Rukun Iman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allah</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tauhid</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">Nabi</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaikat_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaikat (Islam)">Malaikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qada" title="Qada">Qada</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Qadar" title="Qadar">Qadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_kiamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari kiamat">Hari kiamat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Akhirat" title="Akhirat">akhirat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam">Rukun Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">Syahadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">Salat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saum" title="Saum">Puasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji" title="Haji">Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam" title="Sejarah Islam">Sejarah</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemimpin_agama_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemimpin agama Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemimpin</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garis_waktu_sejarah_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garis waktu sejarah Islam">Garis waktu sejarah Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suksesi_Muhammad" title="Suksesi Muhammad">Penerus Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">Khulafaur Rasyidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqifah_Bani_Sa%27idah" title="Saqifah Bani Sa'idah">Saqifah Bani Sa'idah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teks_Pidato_Ghadir_Khum" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Pidato Ghadir Khum">Pidato Ghadir Khum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Islam">Penaklukan awal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaman_Keemasan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Keemasan Islam">Zaman Keemasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historiografi_awal_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historiografi awal Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Historiografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">Sahabat Nabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlulbait" title="Ahlulbait">Ahlulbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamah_Syiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah Syiah">Imamah Syiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafah" title="Khilafah">Khilafah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin">Rasyidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">Umayyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah">Abbasiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Kordoba" title="Kekhalifahan Kordoba">Kordoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Fatimiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan Fatimiyah">Fatimiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan Almohad">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Sokoto" title="Kekhalifahan Sokoto">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah">Utsmaniyah</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">Teks keagamaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">al-Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirah" title="Sirah">Sirah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Qisas Al-Anbiya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_dan_cabang_Islam" title="Mazhab dan cabang Islam">Firkah dan mazhab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asy%27ariyah" title="Asy'ariyah">Asy'ariyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maturidiyah" title="Maturidiyah">Maturidiyah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Atsariyah" title="Atsariyah">Atsariyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafiyah" title="Salafiyah">Salafiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syiah_Dua_Belas_Imam" title="Syiah Dua Belas Imam">12 Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailiyah" title="Ismailiyah">Ismailiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawi" title="Alawi">Alawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevi" title="Alevi">Alevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi">Bektashi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah">Zaidiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyah">Ahmadiyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Ahmadiyah_Lahore" title="Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranisme" title="Quranisme">Quranisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nonmazhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim nonmazhab">Nondenominasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunia_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Muslim">Kehidupan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Budaya_Islam" title="Budaya Islam">Budaya</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhlak" title="Akhlak">Akhlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_anak-anak" title="Islam dan anak-anak">Anak-anak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Islam" title="Bendera Islam">Bendera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam" title="Filsafat Islam">Filsafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_raya_Muslim" title="Hari raya Muslim">Hari raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewan_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewan dalam Islam">Hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalender_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Islam">Kalender</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_kemanusiaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan kemanusiaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kemanusiaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurban" title="Kurban">Kurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_LGBT" title="Islam dan LGBT">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasah" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid">Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Musik Islam">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakaian_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakaian Islam">Pakaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspek_politik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspek politik Islam">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_ilmu_pengetahuan" title="Islam dan ilmu pengetahuan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni Islam">Seni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanita_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanita dalam Islam">Wanita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_menurut_negara" title="Islam menurut negara">Menurut negara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="HukumFikih" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariat">Hukum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fikih" title="Fikih">Fikih</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonomi Islam">Ekonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perbankan_syariah" title="Perbankan syariah">Perbankan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_ekonomi_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah ekonomi Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabahah" title="Murabahah">Murabahah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Taharah" class="mw-redirect" title="Taharah">Taharah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_wajib" title="Mandi wajib">Mandi wajib</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" class="mw-redirect" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayamum" title="Tayamum">Tayamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiket_toilet_Islam" title="Etiket toilet Islam">Toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikih_keluarga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikih keluarga (halaman belum tersedia)">Keluarga</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikih_pernikahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikih pernikahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pernikahan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seks_dalam_Islam" title="Seks dalam Islam">Seks</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haya%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haya' (halaman belum tersedia)">Haya'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijab_kabul" title="Ijab kabul">Ijab kabul</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahr (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikah">Nikah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Aspek lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adab" class="mw-disambig" title="Adab">Adab</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etika_Islam" title="Etika Islam">Etika</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dzabihah" title="Dzabihah">Dzabihah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dzimmi" title="Dzimmi">Dzimmi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelar_kehormatan_Islam" title="Gelar kehormatan Islam">Gelar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_makanan_Islam" title="Hukum makanan Islam">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jizyah" title="Jizyah">Jizyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinayat">Jinayat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepemimpinan_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepemimpinan Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepemimpinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab" title="Mazhab">Mazhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Judi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81_malakat_aim%C4%81nukum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mā malakat aimānukum (halaman belum tersedia)">Mā malakat aimānukum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraturan_perang_Islam" title="Peraturan perang Islam">Militer</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahanan_perang_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahanan perang dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Tahanan perang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Islam_mengenai_perbudakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Islam mengenai perbudakan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbudakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_pemisahan_gender" title="Islam dan pemisahan gender">Pemisahan gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumber_hukum_Islam" title="Sumber hukum Islam">Sumber hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talak" title="Talak">Talak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_faraid" title="Ilmu faraid">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Studi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left: 2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Studi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Studi Islam">Studi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Seni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni Islam">Seni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_Islam" title="Arsitektur Islam">Arsitektur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaligrafi_Islam" title="Kaligrafi Islam">Kaligrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karpet_masjid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karpet masjid (halaman belum tersedia)">Karpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Musik Islam">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pola_geometri_Islam" title="Pola geometri Islam">Pola geometri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembikar_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembikar Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Tembikar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_pengetahuan_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan">Ilmu pengetahuan Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia_dan_kimia_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Alkimia dan kimia Islam abad pertengahan">Alkimia dan kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Astronomi Islam abad pertengahan">Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_dan_kartografi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi dan kartografi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Geografi dan kartografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Fisika Islam abad pertengahan">Fisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Matematika Islam abad pertengahan">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Kedokteran Islam abad pertengahan">Kedokteran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmologi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Optika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam" title="Filsafat Islam">Filsafat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam_awal" title="Filsafat Islam awal">Awal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Islam_kontemporer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Islam kontemporer (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontemporer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam">Eskatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Bidang lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrologi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrologi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Astrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminisme_Islam" title="Feminisme Islam">Feminisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Islam_mengenai_teori_evolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Islam mengenai teori evolusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kreasionisme (evolusi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalisme_dan_progresivisme_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalisme dan progresivisme dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Liberalisme dan progresvisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengubahan_tempat_ibadah_non-Islam_menjadi_masjid" title="Pengubahan tempat ibadah non-Islam menjadi masjid">Pengubahan menjadi masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_penemuan_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar penemuan Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Penemuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sastra_Islam" title="Sastra Islam">Sastra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puisi_Islam" title="Puisi Islam">Puisi</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syuubiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syuubiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Syuubiyah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Lain-lain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left: 2.5em;"> </span>Lain-lain</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_agama_lain" title="Islam dan agama lain">Hubungan dengan agama lain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Kekristenan" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Mormonisme" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Mormonisme">Mormonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Protestanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Protestanisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Protestanisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Hindu_dengan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Hindu dengan Islam">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Jain (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Sikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Sikh (halaman belum tersedia)">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Yahudi">Yahudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Murtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtad">Murtad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtad_menurut_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtad menurut negara (halaman belum tersedia)">Murtad menurut negara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantan_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantan Muslim">Mantan Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_mantan_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar mantan Muslim (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar mantan Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_organisasi_mantan_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar organisasi mantan Muslim (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar organisasi mantan Muslim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Topik terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qur%27an_dan_mukjizat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qur'an dan mukjizat (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qur'an dan mukjizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Islam" title="Kritik terhadap Islam">Kritik</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qur'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Islamisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Islamisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasca-Islamisme" title="Pasca-Islamisme">Pasca-Islamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbisme">Qutbisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofobia" title="Islamofobia">Islamofobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_insiden_Islamofobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar insiden Islamofobia (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_kekerasan_dalam_rumah_tangga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (halaman belum tersedia)">KDRT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keperawatan_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keperawatan dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Keperawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukjizat" title="Mukjizat">Mukjizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_yang_berbudaya" title="Muslim yang berbudaya">Muslim yang berbudaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Muslim (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembantaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbol_Islam" title="Simbol Islam">Simbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Kategori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97245226">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/97245226">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90079298">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000042135">Chili</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1012281">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12085994z">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12085994z">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11063622">Catalunya</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The ICCU id CFIV095964 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79130881">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000085763&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=013407309&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621048">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701276&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35367089">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record142048">Yunani</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record152119">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000607777&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000096144&local_base=nlx10">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAC199619103">Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000077470&local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071289089">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810554420705606">Polandia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/195602">Swedia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500404139">Artist Names (Getty)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13748577?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/134349662">Semantic Scholar</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1836298/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a7fac559-f72e-4c9c-a746-9a6dd08902db">artist</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6d52kdf">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029179238">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/muhammed">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/927482">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&oldid=26729524">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&oldid=26729524</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a 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