CINXE.COM
pranalee sharma - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>pranalee sharma - Academia.edu</title> <!-- _ _ _ | | (_) | | __ _ ___ __ _ __| | ___ _ __ ___ _ __ _ ___ __| |_ _ / _` |/ __/ _` |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ ` _ \| |/ _` | / _ \/ _` | | | | | (_| | (_| (_| | (_| | __/ | | | | | | (_| || __/ (_| | |_| | \__,_|\___\__,_|\__,_|\___|_| |_| |_|_|\__,_(_)___|\__,_|\__,_| We're hiring! See https://www.academia.edu/hiring --> <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="0fIHwu93Gatpg54quKXXOYP9Ee22lPTxohlgzsqPqzP5Kttm/SR0B9GeFqdG29cdkIisL8pE2uuPFL4hlDOrNg==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-9e8218e1301001388038e3fc3427ed00d079a4760ff7745d1ec1b2d59103170a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="pranalee sharma" /> <meta name="description" content="pranalee sharma: 1 Following, 3 Research papers. Research interests: Zoogeography, Coastal Geomorphology, and Eğitim." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113458213,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277567337,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732823267000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732823267000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-bdb9e8c097f01e611f2fc5e2f1a9dc599beede975e2ae5629983543a1726e947.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-bae13f9b51961d5f1e06008e39e31d0138cb31332e8c2e874c6d6a250ec2bb14.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-19a25d160d01bde427443d06cd6b810c4c92c6026e7cb31519e06313eb24ed90.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma" /> </head> <!--[if gte IE 9 ]> <body class='ie ie9 c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'> <![endif]--> <!--[if !(IE) ]><!--> <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'> <!--<![endif]--> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- Event listeners for analytics --> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more <span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less <span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-e032f1d55548c2f2dee4eac9fe52f38beaf13471f2298bb2ea82725ae930b83c.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":170894,"name":"Zoogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoogeography"},{"id":6808,"name":"Coastal Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Geomorphology"},{"id":58097,"name":"Eğitim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E%C4%9Fitim"},{"id":388314,"name":"Coğrafya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Co%C4%9Frafya"},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma","location":"/pranaleesharma","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/pranaleesharma","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3884bde7-d40a-4b85-83e5-d261a341eb63"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3884bde7-d40a-4b85-83e5-d261a341eb63"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">pranalee sharma</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="pranalee" data-follow-user-id="230048501" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="230048501"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">0</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="230048501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoogeography"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma","location":"/pranaleesharma","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/pranaleesharma","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Zoogeography"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-652f971e-6b65-468f-a6c5-cf6daa520bd9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-652f971e-6b65-468f-a6c5-cf6daa520bd9"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="230048501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Geomorphology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Coastal Geomorphology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1d6885c6-bd09-4db7-b26b-7ef8f979b805"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1d6885c6-bd09-4db7-b26b-7ef8f979b805"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="230048501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E%C4%9Fitim"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Eğitim"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-5dbec53f-5edd-4b84-a18a-2d96cbc674de"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-5dbec53f-5edd-4b84-a18a-2d96cbc674de"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="230048501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Co%C4%9Frafya"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Coğrafya"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-6331099e-b010-43d2-838d-a08814e37f08"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-6331099e-b010-43d2-838d-a08814e37f08"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="230048501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ottoman Balkans"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d6678111-2518-4579-bfb0-6179d78cfc81"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d6678111-2518-4579-bfb0-6179d78cfc81"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by pranalee sharma</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95784267"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95784267/Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nurturing socio-emotional skills in the context of schools" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95784267/Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools">Nurturing socio-emotional skills in the context of schools</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>GYANODAYA - The Journal of Progressive Education</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95784267"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95784267"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95784267; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95784267]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95784267]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95784267; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95784267']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95784267, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95784267]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95784267,"title":"Nurturing socio-emotional skills in the context of schools","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Diva Enterprises Private Limited","publication_name":"GYANODAYA - The Journal of Progressive Education"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95784267/Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-27T02:47:18.028-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":230048501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86252962"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252962/Seeing_disability_as_diversity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seeing disability as diversity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748367/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252962/Seeing_disability_as_diversity">Seeing disability as diversity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The doctor told me that Ayan would have certain developmental issues while growing up. I blame the doctor for this situation. I was staying with my husband and his parents. They didn’t accept Ayan and he was deprived of his grandparents’ love and care. For Ayan’s wellbeing, I had to leave that house and we shifted to my parents’. My husband works for a company where they organise regular parties. Every time, I take Ayan with me, the other parents take their children away from him. I tolerated this for a while, then I stopped going for these parties. I have now turned into some unsocial being just to save my child from social neglect and isolation</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1c97e9c8c092bb89c136c1a01eb2506" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90748367,"asset_id":86252962,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748367/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86252962"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86252962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252962]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86252962']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86252962, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e1c97e9c8c092bb89c136c1a01eb2506" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86252962]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86252962,"title":"Seeing disability as diversity","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The doctor told me that Ayan would have certain developmental issues while growing up. I blame the doctor for this situation. I was staying with my husband and his parents. They didn’t accept Ayan and he was deprived of his grandparents’ love and care. For Ayan’s wellbeing, I had to leave that house and we shifted to my parents’. My husband works for a company where they organise regular parties. Every time, I take Ayan with me, the other parents take their children away from him. I tolerated this for a while, then I stopped going for these parties. I have now turned into some unsocial being just to save my child from social neglect and isolation","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The doctor told me that Ayan would have certain developmental issues while growing up. I blame the doctor for this situation. I was staying with my husband and his parents. They didn’t accept Ayan and he was deprived of his grandparents’ love and care. For Ayan’s wellbeing, I had to leave that house and we shifted to my parents’. My husband works for a company where they organise regular parties. Every time, I take Ayan with me, the other parents take their children away from him. I tolerated this for a while, then I stopped going for these parties. I have now turned into some unsocial being just to save my child from social neglect and isolation","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86252962/Seeing_disability_as_diversity","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-06T19:19:18.141-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":230048501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90748367,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748367/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"289268429.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748367/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Seeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748367/289268429-libre.pdf?1662551499=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=KzO5LwQ3qJx5cy1VXrKPgB0IFKS4GRGhzv9VIZglRPQFKoXQt4S9LqHn-ODnrzP7tTMIMqOTsCmWN~5ylHXttBV-f~Xs8gM-7-Zr6pUG3w7m3r67ZHV4q5UrIM4ic1zBdgOQnoeWP3oOg4f7PQ2buHOh14axg6JrZlN7MEFeF2iWc-dKQD2revVpuYZ-2lMhZaQ7C3Hmo~znRKDwMVQk5WQd6YE2xNw3BCfYi3BmsaDZJqrYUfK5xPhMUuYJS3~RPgGHdp4q~333xR-91crESKu8eNRM-JdpCzZj5u1nmLTBeZRDvC-04fCoITUlp0lGldsr5fKJfSy9qQcRF1a9iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seeing_disability_as_diversity","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma"},"attachments":[{"id":90748367,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748367/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"289268429.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748367/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Seeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748367/289268429-libre.pdf?1662551499=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=KzO5LwQ3qJx5cy1VXrKPgB0IFKS4GRGhzv9VIZglRPQFKoXQt4S9LqHn-ODnrzP7tTMIMqOTsCmWN~5ylHXttBV-f~Xs8gM-7-Zr6pUG3w7m3r67ZHV4q5UrIM4ic1zBdgOQnoeWP3oOg4f7PQ2buHOh14axg6JrZlN7MEFeF2iWc-dKQD2revVpuYZ-2lMhZaQ7C3Hmo~znRKDwMVQk5WQd6YE2xNw3BCfYi3BmsaDZJqrYUfK5xPhMUuYJS3~RPgGHdp4q~333xR-91crESKu8eNRM-JdpCzZj5u1nmLTBeZRDvC-04fCoITUlp0lGldsr5fKJfSy9qQcRF1a9iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86252925"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252925/Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Changing Notions of “Ideal” Monkhood: A Case Study from a Satra of Majuli" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748341/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252925/Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli">Changing Notions of “Ideal” Monkhood: A Case Study from a Satra of Majuli</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Space and Culture, India</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to lead ethical lives through prayers. However, unfortunately religion evolved to be a force reinforcing discrimination diverted from the original motive of religion. The Vaishnavite faith initiated by the 15th century Guru, Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardeva, in the region of Assam was also based on egalitarian and humanitarian values. The ideal monkhood in a Satra is to lead a life devoid of material pleasures and offer oneself to God by taking his name all the time. The various sects that have emerged after the demise of the Guru are the proofs that the main objective of an egalitarian society has collapsed. The social hierarchy is still maintained even if the Satras claim to have removed it. The unique culture of the Satra is its liturgical training, which includes dance, drama, music and poetry. The performing art forms were specifically for the monks to be performed only within the premi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f50c50a3a581baeb5c5e7b6bba205660" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90748341,"asset_id":86252925,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748341/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86252925"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86252925"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252925; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252925]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252925; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86252925']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86252925, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f50c50a3a581baeb5c5e7b6bba205660" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86252925]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86252925,"title":"Changing Notions of “Ideal” Monkhood: A Case Study from a Satra of Majuli","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to lead ethical lives through prayers. However, unfortunately religion evolved to be a force reinforcing discrimination diverted from the original motive of religion. The Vaishnavite faith initiated by the 15th century Guru, Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardeva, in the region of Assam was also based on egalitarian and humanitarian values. The ideal monkhood in a Satra is to lead a life devoid of material pleasures and offer oneself to God by taking his name all the time. The various sects that have emerged after the demise of the Guru are the proofs that the main objective of an egalitarian society has collapsed. The social hierarchy is still maintained even if the Satras claim to have removed it. The unique culture of the Satra is its liturgical training, which includes dance, drama, music and poetry. The performing art forms were specifically for the monks to be performed only within the premi...","publisher":"ACCB Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Space and Culture, India"},"translated_abstract":"All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to lead ethical lives through prayers. However, unfortunately religion evolved to be a force reinforcing discrimination diverted from the original motive of religion. The Vaishnavite faith initiated by the 15th century Guru, Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardeva, in the region of Assam was also based on egalitarian and humanitarian values. The ideal monkhood in a Satra is to lead a life devoid of material pleasures and offer oneself to God by taking his name all the time. The various sects that have emerged after the demise of the Guru are the proofs that the main objective of an egalitarian society has collapsed. The social hierarchy is still maintained even if the Satras claim to have removed it. The unique culture of the Satra is its liturgical training, which includes dance, drama, music and poetry. The performing art forms were specifically for the monks to be performed only within the premi...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86252925/Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-06T19:18:20.057-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":230048501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90748341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748341/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748341/74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd-libre.pdf?1662551503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChanging_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=HCvw~WpGHQCm6aZ53wQSCUuTXDkRcfmCSXq9qgDk-gxHqdxIZpBaetLmudI0DX9DERBAmltA~TGOK01umfK-qvZc5Z7TWNvmLSIO8CMgvr62zsKUN3cDaubapgNKt2eAhku-rqJbjovl-XBp7YlkWrFHvfx2iEGtA7EOp7clUwLvVmDaRMx9vLLdXNeHEw4rvaBZbIfzBnHidEjug0uEYsB4cf2SuDsjveWsPttZueVcUSwiATgUw9kUunBhYzKeReV2n00629zUm9IW-N4umCrdTS0cmw2NIa6AEtu~rg1a9rhCyYKpvoVbtcJGMwfannaMhfX2OMtb~UFGHnruGQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma"},"attachments":[{"id":90748341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748341/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748341/74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd-libre.pdf?1662551503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChanging_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=HCvw~WpGHQCm6aZ53wQSCUuTXDkRcfmCSXq9qgDk-gxHqdxIZpBaetLmudI0DX9DERBAmltA~TGOK01umfK-qvZc5Z7TWNvmLSIO8CMgvr62zsKUN3cDaubapgNKt2eAhku-rqJbjovl-XBp7YlkWrFHvfx2iEGtA7EOp7clUwLvVmDaRMx9vLLdXNeHEw4rvaBZbIfzBnHidEjug0uEYsB4cf2SuDsjveWsPttZueVcUSwiATgUw9kUunBhYzKeReV2n00629zUm9IW-N4umCrdTS0cmw2NIa6AEtu~rg1a9rhCyYKpvoVbtcJGMwfannaMhfX2OMtb~UFGHnruGQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences"},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography"},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity"},{"id":10934,"name":"Vaishnavism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaishnavism"},{"id":77301,"name":"Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam"},{"id":175580,"name":"Monastery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastery"},{"id":653284,"name":"Srimanta Sankardeva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Srimanta_Sankardeva"},{"id":2451605,"name":"Ideal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideal_Ethics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="15756640" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95784267"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95784267/Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nurturing socio-emotional skills in the context of schools" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95784267/Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools">Nurturing socio-emotional skills in the context of schools</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>GYANODAYA - The Journal of Progressive Education</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95784267"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95784267"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95784267; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95784267]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95784267]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95784267; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95784267']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95784267, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95784267]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95784267,"title":"Nurturing socio-emotional skills in the context of schools","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Diva Enterprises Private Limited","publication_name":"GYANODAYA - The Journal of Progressive Education"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95784267/Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-27T02:47:18.028-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":230048501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Nurturing_socio_emotional_skills_in_the_context_of_schools","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86252962"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252962/Seeing_disability_as_diversity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Seeing disability as diversity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748367/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252962/Seeing_disability_as_diversity">Seeing disability as diversity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The doctor told me that Ayan would have certain developmental issues while growing up. I blame the doctor for this situation. I was staying with my husband and his parents. They didn’t accept Ayan and he was deprived of his grandparents’ love and care. For Ayan’s wellbeing, I had to leave that house and we shifted to my parents’. My husband works for a company where they organise regular parties. Every time, I take Ayan with me, the other parents take their children away from him. I tolerated this for a while, then I stopped going for these parties. I have now turned into some unsocial being just to save my child from social neglect and isolation</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1c97e9c8c092bb89c136c1a01eb2506" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90748367,"asset_id":86252962,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748367/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86252962"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86252962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252962]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86252962']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86252962, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e1c97e9c8c092bb89c136c1a01eb2506" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86252962]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86252962,"title":"Seeing disability as diversity","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The doctor told me that Ayan would have certain developmental issues while growing up. I blame the doctor for this situation. I was staying with my husband and his parents. They didn’t accept Ayan and he was deprived of his grandparents’ love and care. For Ayan’s wellbeing, I had to leave that house and we shifted to my parents’. My husband works for a company where they organise regular parties. Every time, I take Ayan with me, the other parents take their children away from him. I tolerated this for a while, then I stopped going for these parties. I have now turned into some unsocial being just to save my child from social neglect and isolation","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"I had to suffer a lot of mental trauma after Ayan was born. He had asphyxia when he was born. The doctor told me that Ayan would have certain developmental issues while growing up. I blame the doctor for this situation. I was staying with my husband and his parents. They didn’t accept Ayan and he was deprived of his grandparents’ love and care. For Ayan’s wellbeing, I had to leave that house and we shifted to my parents’. My husband works for a company where they organise regular parties. Every time, I take Ayan with me, the other parents take their children away from him. I tolerated this for a while, then I stopped going for these parties. I have now turned into some unsocial being just to save my child from social neglect and isolation","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86252962/Seeing_disability_as_diversity","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-06T19:19:18.141-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":230048501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90748367,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748367/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"289268429.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748367/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Seeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748367/289268429-libre.pdf?1662551499=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=KzO5LwQ3qJx5cy1VXrKPgB0IFKS4GRGhzv9VIZglRPQFKoXQt4S9LqHn-ODnrzP7tTMIMqOTsCmWN~5ylHXttBV-f~Xs8gM-7-Zr6pUG3w7m3r67ZHV4q5UrIM4ic1zBdgOQnoeWP3oOg4f7PQ2buHOh14axg6JrZlN7MEFeF2iWc-dKQD2revVpuYZ-2lMhZaQ7C3Hmo~znRKDwMVQk5WQd6YE2xNw3BCfYi3BmsaDZJqrYUfK5xPhMUuYJS3~RPgGHdp4q~333xR-91crESKu8eNRM-JdpCzZj5u1nmLTBeZRDvC-04fCoITUlp0lGldsr5fKJfSy9qQcRF1a9iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Seeing_disability_as_diversity","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma"},"attachments":[{"id":90748367,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748367/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"289268429.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748367/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Seeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748367/289268429-libre.pdf?1662551499=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSeeing_disability_as_diversity.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=KzO5LwQ3qJx5cy1VXrKPgB0IFKS4GRGhzv9VIZglRPQFKoXQt4S9LqHn-ODnrzP7tTMIMqOTsCmWN~5ylHXttBV-f~Xs8gM-7-Zr6pUG3w7m3r67ZHV4q5UrIM4ic1zBdgOQnoeWP3oOg4f7PQ2buHOh14axg6JrZlN7MEFeF2iWc-dKQD2revVpuYZ-2lMhZaQ7C3Hmo~znRKDwMVQk5WQd6YE2xNw3BCfYi3BmsaDZJqrYUfK5xPhMUuYJS3~RPgGHdp4q~333xR-91crESKu8eNRM-JdpCzZj5u1nmLTBeZRDvC-04fCoITUlp0lGldsr5fKJfSy9qQcRF1a9iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86252925"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252925/Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Changing Notions of “Ideal” Monkhood: A Case Study from a Satra of Majuli" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748341/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86252925/Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli">Changing Notions of “Ideal” Monkhood: A Case Study from a Satra of Majuli</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Space and Culture, India</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to lead ethical lives through prayers. However, unfortunately religion evolved to be a force reinforcing discrimination diverted from the original motive of religion. The Vaishnavite faith initiated by the 15th century Guru, Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardeva, in the region of Assam was also based on egalitarian and humanitarian values. The ideal monkhood in a Satra is to lead a life devoid of material pleasures and offer oneself to God by taking his name all the time. The various sects that have emerged after the demise of the Guru are the proofs that the main objective of an egalitarian society has collapsed. The social hierarchy is still maintained even if the Satras claim to have removed it. The unique culture of the Satra is its liturgical training, which includes dance, drama, music and poetry. The performing art forms were specifically for the monks to be performed only within the premi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f50c50a3a581baeb5c5e7b6bba205660" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90748341,"asset_id":86252925,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748341/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86252925"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86252925"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252925; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86252925]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86252925; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86252925']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86252925, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f50c50a3a581baeb5c5e7b6bba205660" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86252925]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86252925,"title":"Changing Notions of “Ideal” Monkhood: A Case Study from a Satra of Majuli","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to lead ethical lives through prayers. However, unfortunately religion evolved to be a force reinforcing discrimination diverted from the original motive of religion. The Vaishnavite faith initiated by the 15th century Guru, Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardeva, in the region of Assam was also based on egalitarian and humanitarian values. The ideal monkhood in a Satra is to lead a life devoid of material pleasures and offer oneself to God by taking his name all the time. The various sects that have emerged after the demise of the Guru are the proofs that the main objective of an egalitarian society has collapsed. The social hierarchy is still maintained even if the Satras claim to have removed it. The unique culture of the Satra is its liturgical training, which includes dance, drama, music and poetry. The performing art forms were specifically for the monks to be performed only within the premi...","publisher":"ACCB Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Space and Culture, India"},"translated_abstract":"All religions were initially founded with the aim of purifying men and women and helping them to lead ethical lives through prayers. However, unfortunately religion evolved to be a force reinforcing discrimination diverted from the original motive of religion. The Vaishnavite faith initiated by the 15th century Guru, Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardeva, in the region of Assam was also based on egalitarian and humanitarian values. The ideal monkhood in a Satra is to lead a life devoid of material pleasures and offer oneself to God by taking his name all the time. The various sects that have emerged after the demise of the Guru are the proofs that the main objective of an egalitarian society has collapsed. The social hierarchy is still maintained even if the Satras claim to have removed it. The unique culture of the Satra is its liturgical training, which includes dance, drama, music and poetry. The performing art forms were specifically for the monks to be performed only within the premi...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86252925/Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-06T19:18:20.057-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":230048501,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90748341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748341/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748341/74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd-libre.pdf?1662551503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChanging_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=HCvw~WpGHQCm6aZ53wQSCUuTXDkRcfmCSXq9qgDk-gxHqdxIZpBaetLmudI0DX9DERBAmltA~TGOK01umfK-qvZc5Z7TWNvmLSIO8CMgvr62zsKUN3cDaubapgNKt2eAhku-rqJbjovl-XBp7YlkWrFHvfx2iEGtA7EOp7clUwLvVmDaRMx9vLLdXNeHEw4rvaBZbIfzBnHidEjug0uEYsB4cf2SuDsjveWsPttZueVcUSwiATgUw9kUunBhYzKeReV2n00629zUm9IW-N4umCrdTS0cmw2NIa6AEtu~rg1a9rhCyYKpvoVbtcJGMwfannaMhfX2OMtb~UFGHnruGQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Case_Study_from_a_Satra_of_Majuli","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":230048501,"first_name":"pranalee","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"sharma","page_name":"pranaleesharma","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T21:22:41.711-07:00","display_name":"pranalee sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma"},"attachments":[{"id":90748341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90748341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90748341/download_file?st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgyMzI2Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Changing_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90748341/74b2fa5903d93814f42a2a117a4f6f07cbdd-libre.pdf?1662551503=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChanging_Notions_of_Ideal_Monkhood_A_Cas.pdf\u0026Expires=1732826867\u0026Signature=HCvw~WpGHQCm6aZ53wQSCUuTXDkRcfmCSXq9qgDk-gxHqdxIZpBaetLmudI0DX9DERBAmltA~TGOK01umfK-qvZc5Z7TWNvmLSIO8CMgvr62zsKUN3cDaubapgNKt2eAhku-rqJbjovl-XBp7YlkWrFHvfx2iEGtA7EOp7clUwLvVmDaRMx9vLLdXNeHEw4rvaBZbIfzBnHidEjug0uEYsB4cf2SuDsjveWsPttZueVcUSwiATgUw9kUunBhYzKeReV2n00629zUm9IW-N4umCrdTS0cmw2NIa6AEtu~rg1a9rhCyYKpvoVbtcJGMwfannaMhfX2OMtb~UFGHnruGQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences"},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography"},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity"},{"id":10934,"name":"Vaishnavism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaishnavism"},{"id":77301,"name":"Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam"},{"id":175580,"name":"Monastery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastery"},{"id":653284,"name":"Srimanta Sankardeva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Srimanta_Sankardeva"},{"id":2451605,"name":"Ideal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideal_Ethics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "80517270daec80a6b51d996dadbda80554a76f84e1c9acc531c2a694898deed5", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="1WCKThpReBgEGrPM3MBvjs6liloWZAZCyf9NAVj6T/b9uFbqCAIVtLwHO0Eivm+q3dA3mGq0KFjk8pPuBkZP8w==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://independent.academia.edu/pranaleesharma" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="45YzGxxLbVG8+K4vmVDmJO7t/Peuy4UILqyilMUsGkTLTu+/DhgA/QTlJqJnLuYA/ZhBNdIbqxIDoXx7m5AaQQ==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>