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The technology has been successfully implemented in both developed and developing countries.","publication_date":"2020,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"111747456"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Wetland Technology: Practical Information on the Design and Application of Treatment Wetlands","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [40914496]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":111747456,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Wetland Technology: Practical Information on the Design and Application of Treatment Wetlands”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/111747456/mini_magick20240223-1-84q7u7.png?1708684194" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Wetland Technology: Practical Information on the Design and Application of Treatment Wetlands</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40914496" href="https://unl.academia.edu/MariaMaine"><img alt="Profile image of Maria Maine" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Maria Maine</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 page</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 115300340; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Water quality standards across the world are being rewritten to promote healthier ecosystems, ensure safe potable water sources, increased biodiversity, and enhanced ecological functions. Treatment wetlands are used for treating a variety of pollutant waters, including municipal wastewater, agricultural and urban runoff, industrial effluents, and combined sewer overflows, among others. Treatment wetlands are particularly well-suited for sustainable water management because they can cope with variable influent loads, can be constructed of local materials, have low operations and maintenance requirements compared to other treatment technologies, and they can provide additional ecosystem services. The technology has been successfully implemented in both developed and developing countries.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":111747456,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/115300340/Wetland_Technology_Practical_Information_on_the_Design_and_Application_of_Treatment_Wetlands"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":111747456,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/115300340/Wetland_Technology_Practical_Information_on_the_Design_and_Application_of_Treatment_Wetlands"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The ability of wetlands to transform and store organic matter has been exploited in constructed wetlands. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the uses of constructed wetlands in water pollution control by reviewing the basics of the technology, the historical development, and the performance expectations with focus on the use of free water surface and subsurface flow constructed wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment. Performance data from a total of 104 subsurface flow systems and 70 free water surface flow systems are reviewed. The present state of knowledge is sufficient to apply constructed wetlands as a tool for improving water quality. The potential applications range from secondary treatment of municipal and various types of industrial waste waters to polishing of tertiary treated waters and diffuse pollution. In many situations constructed wetlands is the only appropriate technology available. The treatment capacity of subsurface flow systems can be improved by selecting vertical flow systems with intermittent loading, by proper media selection, and by recycling of the wastewater. Further research is needed to help define and optimize engineering design criteria and the long-term performance capabilities and operational problems.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Treatment wetlands: an overview","attachmentId":43316674,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22756127/Treatment_wetlands_an_overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22756127/Treatment_wetlands_an_overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="42544654" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42544654/Why_there_are_no_better_systems_than_constructed_wetlands_to_treat_sewage_water_Advantages_Issues_and_Challenges">Why there are no better systems than constructed wetlands to treat sewage water: Advantages, Issues and Challenges</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100275168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/cattinf">Florence Cattin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Despite the demonstrated ability of subsurface flow constructed wetlands to treat effectively domestic and agricultural/industrial sewage wastewater, this ecotechnology has not been applied as widely as it deserves considering the great added value such systems offer. Some of the reasons are lack of awareness of this option, lack of experience and/or availability, especially in countries where the technology has not been previously developed. While having limitations, especially in their need for land, constructed wetlands are appropriate ecologically-based solutions, particularly for treating and reusing residential sewage, and especially for small, decentralized systems in remote or developing regions. Sewage treatment systems must be low-tech, low maintenance and minimal in their energy requirements to be affordable and easy to maintain in such applications, attributes which constructed wetland systems exemplify. Typical "package plant" or municipal sewage plant requires high capital investment, technical expertise and are energy-intensive to operate, while often a great nuisance for neighbours. Subsurface wetlands use little or no electricity and technology and require little technical supervision once installed. Previous studies of subsurface flow wetlands for sewage treatment have demonstrated their advantages in situations of small on-site sewage loading and in situations where avoidance of malodour and mosquito-breeding are important. A well-designed subsurface flow wetland can not only provide inexpensive and highly effective sewage treatment, but also great added value though the creation of additional green zone, biodiversity and productivity such a system enables. Constructed wetlands can also be conceived as buffer zones between human activity and natural green spaces. Sewage treatment can and should do far more than simply preventing pollution and the degradation of natural ecosystems occasioned by the incomplete treatment and discharge of wastewater. Wastewater treatment should also accomplish the return of nutrients and water to productive use. Nutrient recycling is just as central to the challenge of transforming human economic activities in Earth's vaster biospheric life support system to a sustainable basis. As Wastewater Gardens systems have been developed around the world, it has become evident that the next step beyond sewage water treatment however is to come as close as possible to total productive use of water and nutrients -not simply removal of sewage water "pollutant/nutrients". This has changed our conception from the old paradigm of "final disposal, e.g. leachdrains" to incorporating greywater recycle/irrigation where possible via subsoil irrigation of the treated effluents and designing robust systems with a plant diversity as wide as possible and as productive as possible (fruit trees, medicinal plants, animal fodder, flowers, wood, … etc), depending of local need and wishes. The interdisciplinary nature of the knowledge base behind constructed wetlands however -from ecology to engineering to botany/agronomy -however often makes the technology more difficult for specialized government and institutions to deal with ; in addition, like any ecological system, constructed wetlands are complex, living systems and unlike mechanical systems respond and evolve in response to local conditions and climate. Numerous parameters must be considered to ensure successful design and implementation as well as generalized sizing/treatment formulas. This paper will examine general issues and challenges illustrated by a few case studies from our work around the world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Why there are no better systems than constructed wetlands to treat sewage water: Advantages, Issues and Challenges","attachmentId":62732706,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42544654/Why_there_are_no_better_systems_than_constructed_wetlands_to_treat_sewage_water_Advantages_Issues_and_Challenges","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42544654/Why_there_are_no_better_systems_than_constructed_wetlands_to_treat_sewage_water_Advantages_Issues_and_Challenges"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="50833733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50833733/Wetlands_for_environmental_protection">Wetlands for environmental protection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9193502" href="https://msstate.academia.edu/VeeraGnaneswarGude">Veera Gnaneswar Gude</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Water Environment Research, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article presents an update on the research and practical demonstration of wetland-based treatment technologies for protecting water resources and environment covering papers published in 2019. Wetland applications in wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and removal of nutrients, metals, and emerging pollutants including pathogens are highlighted. A summary of studies focusing on the effects of vegetation, wetland design and operation strategies, and process configurations and modeling, for efficient treatment of various municipal and industrial wastewaters, is included. In addition, hybrid and innovative processes with wetlands as a platform treatment technology are presented.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wetlands for environmental protection","attachmentId":68700844,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50833733/Wetlands_for_environmental_protection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50833733/Wetlands_for_environmental_protection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="80209672" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80209672/Wastewater_Treatment_Using_Constructed_Wetland_System">Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6079060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJRASETPublication">IJRASET Publication</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Natural wetland such as marshes ,swamps and bogs protect water quality. constructed or artificial wetland system mimic the treatment that occurs in natural wetlands by rellyilng on plants and a combination of naturally occurring biological , chemical and physical processes to remove pollutants from water. As of 1999,there were more than 500 constructed wetland in Europe and 600 in north America. constructed wetland are a less energy intensive and more environmentally sound way of treating waste water and conserving potable water. The first single family home constructed wetland in southern Nevada was completed Eighth years ago. A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater. It may also be designed for land reclamation after mining, or as a mitigation step for natural areas lost to land development constructed wetlands also act as a biofilter and/or can remove a range of pollutants (such as organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals) from the water. Constructed wetlands are designed to remove water pollutants such as suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland System","attachmentId":86667398,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80209672/Wastewater_Treatment_Using_Constructed_Wetland_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80209672/Wastewater_Treatment_Using_Constructed_Wetland_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1847596" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1847596/Constructed_wetlands_for_wastewater_treatment">Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1987620" href="https://au.academia.edu/HansBrix">Hans Brix</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Wetlands and Natural …, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The first experiments using wetland macrophytes for wastewater treatment were carried out in Germany in the early 1950s. Since then, the constructed wetlands have evolved into a reliable wastewater treatment technology for various types of wastewater. The classification of constructed wetlands is based on: the vegetation type (emergent, submerged, floating leaved, free-floating); hydrology (free water surface and subsurface flow); and subsurface flow wetlands can be further classified according to the flow direction (vertical or horizontal). In order to achieve better treatment performance, namely for nitrogen, various types of constructed wetlands could be combined into hybrid systems.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment","attachmentId":50841214,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1847596/Constructed_wetlands_for_wastewater_treatment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1847596/Constructed_wetlands_for_wastewater_treatment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="77483206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77483206/Constructed_Wetlands_for_Water_Treatment_New_Developments">Constructed Wetlands for Water Treatment: New Developments</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48089518" href="https://au.academia.edu/PedroCarvalho">Pedro N Carvalho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Water, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Constructed wetlands (CWs) are currently regarded as established eco-technologies to treat water pollution. Although considered near-natural systems, they are totally engineered solutions for which research has been actively developed over the past decades. This paper provides a brief meta-analysis on the latest scientific publications in the field and an overview of the special issue focused on the new developments in the use of CWs for water treatment. The selected papers cover a wide range of relevant developments in the field, including the use of different CW system designs, the capacity to treat different types of pollutants, and studies aiming at getting a better understanding of the treatment processes in CWs.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Constructed Wetlands for Water Treatment: New Developments","attachmentId":84809288,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77483206/Constructed_Wetlands_for_Water_Treatment_New_Developments","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77483206/Constructed_Wetlands_for_Water_Treatment_New_Developments"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="101167994" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101167994/Constructed_Wetland_for_Low_Cost_Waste_Water_Treatment">Constructed Wetland for Low- Cost Waste Water Treatment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34217662" href="https://technoscienceacademy.academia.edu/IJSRSET">International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology IJSRSET</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Engineered and managed wetland systems that are receiving increasing global attention for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment plants, constructed wetlands are inexpensive and easy to operate and maintain, and they have strong potential for application in a small community. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment have developed significantly in recent decades. As an environmentally friendly treatment method, constructed wetlands can enable effective, economic and ecological treatment of agricultural, industrial and municipal wastewater. Built-up wetlands are very effective in removing organic matter and suspended matter, while nitrogen removal is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of different types of built-up wetlands that meet irrigation reuse standards. Phosphorus removal is usually low unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Removing pathogens from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless additional lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used. This paper examines and also describes various case studies related to wetlands in Indian cities, including systems that include both built and natural wetlands, habitat creation and restoration.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Constructed Wetland for Low- Cost Waste Water Treatment","attachmentId":101782934,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101167994/Constructed_Wetland_for_Low_Cost_Waste_Water_Treatment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101167994/Constructed_Wetland_for_Low_Cost_Waste_Water_Treatment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21799094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21799094/Wetlands_for_Wastewater_Treatment">Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9193502" href="https://msstate.academia.edu/VeeraGnaneswarGude">Veera Gnaneswar Gude</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper provides a review of the treatment technologies, which utilize natural processes or passive components in wastewater treatment. In particular, this paper primarily focuses on wetland systems and their applications in wastewater treatment (as an advanced treatment unit or decentralized system), nutrient and pollutant removal (single and multiple pollutants, and metals), and emerging pollutant removal (pharmaceuticals). A summary of studies involving the plant (vegetation) effects, wetland design and modeling, hybrid and innovative systems, storm water treatment and pathogen removal is also included.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","attachmentId":42561143,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21799094/Wetlands_for_Wastewater_Treatment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21799094/Wetlands_for_Wastewater_Treatment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="9522562" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9522562/Constructed_Wetland_A_Solution_for_Wastewater_Treatment">Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22355861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShresthaDibesh">Dibesh Shrestha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment","attachmentId":47744509,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9522562/Constructed_Wetland_A_Solution_for_Wastewater_Treatment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9522562/Constructed_Wetland_A_Solution_for_Wastewater_Treatment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="8835531" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8835531/Wetland_an_economical_solution_for_wastewater_rehabilitation">Wetland an economical solution for wastewater rehabilitation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4856062" href="https://linkedin.academia.edu/mamdouhsabour">mamdouh sabour</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Wetland system relies on renewable energy sources such as solar and kinetic energy and wetland plants and micro-organisms, which are the active agents in the treatment process. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of constructed wetland treatment system for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, wetland treatment is often the best choice for treatment or pre-treatment of wastewater because of its low maintenance cost and simplicity of operation, high efficiency. Moreover, wetland techniques enhance the aesthetic value of the local and conserve the fauna and flora.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wetland an economical solution for wastewater rehabilitation","attachmentId":35176687,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8835531/Wetland_an_economical_solution_for_wastewater_rehabilitation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8835531/Wetland_an_economical_solution_for_wastewater_rehabilitation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":111747456,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":111747456,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_111747456" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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