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{"work":{"id":9522562,"created_at":"2014-11-27T00:44:45.281-08:00","from_world_paper_id":128405094,"updated_at":"2025-02-02T17:29:58.310-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are presented as an effective solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in peri-urban and rural areas of Nepal. The Sunga Wastewater Treatment Plant serves as a case study, demonstrating over 95% pollutant removal efficiency through a combination of anaerobic baffled reactors and reed bed systems. The economic viability and simplicity of CW technology make it a suitable option in the context of Nepal's challenging landscape, although broader adoption is hindered by limited knowledge and experience.","ai_title_tag":"Constructed Wetlands for Effective Wastewater Treatment","publication_date":"2010,,","publication_name":"Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [22355861]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47744509,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47744509/mini_magick20190205-22594-15z9ru3.png?1549433163" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22355861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShresthaDibesh"><img alt="Profile image of Dibesh Shrestha" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Dibesh Shrestha</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 9522562; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=9522562"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are presented as an effective solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in peri-urban and rural areas of Nepal. The Sunga Wastewater Treatment Plant serves as a case study, demonstrating over 95% pollutant removal efficiency through a combination of anaerobic baffled reactors and reed bed systems. 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As of 1999,there were more than 500 constructed wetland in Europe and 600 in north America. constructed wetland are a less energy intensive and more environmentally sound way of treating waste water and conserving potable water. The first single family home constructed wetland in southern Nevada was completed Eighth years ago. A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater. It may also be designed for land reclamation after mining, or as a mitigation step for natural areas lost to land development constructed wetlands also act as a biofilter and/or can remove a range of pollutants (such as organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals) from the water. Constructed wetlands are designed to remove water pollutants such as suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland System","attachmentId":86667398,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80209672/Wastewater_Treatment_Using_Constructed_Wetland_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80209672/Wastewater_Treatment_Using_Constructed_Wetland_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="68016484" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68016484/Domestic_wastewater_treatment_performance_using_constructed_wetland">Domestic wastewater treatment performance using constructed wetland</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38298602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SNithiyanantham">S. Nithiyanantham</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Constructed wetlands are treatment systems that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial assemblages to improve water quality. These systems can be used commercially for efficient biological treatment of wastewater, and it will also act as a better eco-friendly method when compared with other conventional treatment methods. A constructed wetland pilot scale unit was constructed in the SRM University campus which was allowed to treat wastewater from the sewage treatment plant III. The pilot scale unit was designed based on EPA and CPCB guidelines. The dimension of the constructed wetland was 250 9 150 9 80 cm with a slope of 0.01 (1 %). The design is as per Darcy's law. The wetland unit has a cross section of 3.75 m 2 and has been designed with hydraulic loading of 0.8 m 3 /(m 2 /day) and recommended flow of 3 m 3 /day. The retention time provided for the unit was 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Phragmites australis also known as common reed was the wetland plant species planted in the unit. Six field trials were carried out during the project and with average removal efficiencies of 75.99 % for BOD, 76.16 % for COD, 57.34 % for TDS, 62.08 % for Nitrate, 58.03 % for Phosphate, 57.83 % for Potassium.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Domestic wastewater treatment performance using constructed wetland","attachmentId":78646654,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68016484/Domestic_wastewater_treatment_performance_using_constructed_wetland","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68016484/Domestic_wastewater_treatment_performance_using_constructed_wetland"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="86616610" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86616610/Wastewater_Treatment_through_Constructed_Wetland_CWL_System">Wastewater Treatment through Constructed Wetland (CWL) System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34261569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PiyushBhandari1">Piyush Bhandari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Waste water treatment costs extra strain on every private and civic body. Previously waste used to be just dumped at refusal area without prior treatment. But it caused pollution and several environmental issues. Different treatment methods are implemented to treat this waste but are associated with certain limitations. Researchers have developed a wetland treatment method as a cost-effective technology dependent on nature for the treatment of waste. Vegetation and associated micro-organisms growing on wetland can break down the waste without charging extra operation cost. Constructed wetlands (CWL) are found to be capable enough to treat municipal, industrial sewage as well as stormwater runoffs. Pollutants present in wastewater are adsorbed by plants and microbes so their level is reduced down to make water reusable. In the present study, three case studies show evidence of the efficiency of CWL to treat different types of waste using locally available plant species. CWL also prov...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wastewater Treatment through Constructed Wetland (CWL) System","attachmentId":91028235,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86616610/Wastewater_Treatment_through_Constructed_Wetland_CWL_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86616610/Wastewater_Treatment_through_Constructed_Wetland_CWL_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="49522590" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49522590/IJERT_Constructed_Wetlands_Natural_Treatment_of_Wastewater">IJERT-Constructed Wetlands -Natural Treatment of Wastewater</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109571315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJERTORG">IJERT Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">https://www.ijert.org/constructed-wetlands-natural-treatment-of-wastewater https://www.ijert.org/research/constructed-wetlands-natural-treatment-of-wastewater-IJERTV10IS060098.pdf Constructed wetlands are engineered and managed wetland systems that are increasingly receiving worldwide attention for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Compared to conventional treatment plants, constructed wetlands are cost-effective and easily operated and maintained, and they have a strong potential for application in a small community. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment have substantially developed in the last decades. As an eco-friendly treatment process, constructed wetlands may enable the effective, economical, and ecological treatment of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastewater. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used. In this paper studies various case study related to Wetlands in Indian Cities and also described include systems involving both constructed and natural wetlands, habitat creation and restoration.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"IJERT-Constructed Wetlands -Natural Treatment of Wastewater","attachmentId":67856247,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49522590/IJERT_Constructed_Wetlands_Natural_Treatment_of_Wastewater","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49522590/IJERT_Constructed_Wetlands_Natural_Treatment_of_Wastewater"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="85131548" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85131548/Treatment_of_Wastewater_with_Construction_of_Wetland">Treatment of Wastewater with Construction of Wetland</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6079060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJRASETPublication">IJRASET Publication</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Constructed Wetlands are an alternative, promising technology for water/wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation. They belong to the wider category of natural treatment systems. The main principle is to exploit natural materials (gravel, sand, plants) and naturally occurring processes under controlled conditions for treatment purposes. Constructed Wetlands have been characterized as an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology which provides multiple economic, ecological, technical and societal benefits. It is a rising technology which can be effectively used for domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as also for sludge dewatering and drying. This chapter presents an overview of this eco-technology; its different types, main design considerations and various advantages over conventional treatment methods. The theme of the project was initiated from the concept of the Constructed Wetland mechanism that can be effectively used for the treatment of waste As the constructed wetland mechanism has a wide scope to develop more than other techniques, it will be a perfect model for such kind of experimentations & the application-oriented mechanism in our college hostel in addition to the projects like energy park & the bio-gas plant. Also, it will be an ideal low-cost technology for the educational institutes to treat their waste in better manner. I. PROJECT OBJECTIVES A. Cost efficient in terms of construction, operations and maintenance. B. Effectively treats wastewater from human waste and storm water. C. Uses technology that is simple to understand and manage. D. Low energy consumption required for operations. E. Assists in maintaining groundwater and surface water levels F. Contributes to environmental protection by providing a habitat for plants and animals. II.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Treatment of Wastewater with Construction of Wetland","attachmentId":89925871,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85131548/Treatment_of_Wastewater_with_Construction_of_Wetland","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85131548/Treatment_of_Wastewater_with_Construction_of_Wetland"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="48479837" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48479837/Manmade_Wetland_for_Wastewater_Treatment_with_Special">Manmade Wetland for Wastewater Treatment with Special</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53515188" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NishithADharaiya">Nishith A Dharaiya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Manmade wetlands are planned systems designed and constructed to employ wetland vegetation to assist in treating wastewater in a more controlled environment as compared to that which occurs in natural wetlands. Hammer (1990) defines constructed wetlands as a designed, manmade complex of saturated substrate, emergent and submerged vegetation, animal life, and water that simulate wetlands for human uses and benefits. Manmade wetlands are an "eco-friendly" alternative for secondary and tertiary municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The pollutants removed by manmade wetlands include organic materials, suspended solids, nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals and other toxic or hazardous pollutants. In municipal applications, they can follow traditional sewage treatment processes. Different types of manmade wetlands can effectively treat primary, secondary or tertiary treated sewage. Manmade wetlands are practical alternatives to conventional treatment of domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes, storm water runoff, and acid mining drainage.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Manmade Wetland for Wastewater Treatment with Special","attachmentId":67069175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48479837/Manmade_Wetland_for_Wastewater_Treatment_with_Special","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48479837/Manmade_Wetland_for_Wastewater_Treatment_with_Special"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="31495611" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31495611/WASTEWATER_GARDENS_INFORMATION_SHEET_IS20120105_CONSTRUCTED_WETLANDS_TO_TREAT_WASTEWATER_FRAMEWORK_AND_SCHEMATIC_OVERVIEW">WASTEWATER GARDENS ® INFORMATION SHEET IS20120105 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TO TREAT WASTEWATER FRAMEWORK AND SCHEMATIC OVERVIEW</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60263222" href="https://independent.academia.edu/juanortiz251">juan ortiz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Constructed wetlands treat the sewage water using highly effective and ecologically sound, design principles that use plants, microbes, sunlight and gravity to transform wastewater into gardens and reusable water. The water treatment mechanisms are biological, chemical and physical, these include physical filtration and sedimentation, biological uptake, transformation of nutrients by bacteria that are anaerobic (bacteria that flourish in the absence of oxygen) and aerobic (oxygen-needing bacteria), plant roots and metabolism, as well as chemical processes (precipitation, absorption and decomposition) that purify and treat the wastewater. While the system does not normally use machinery (except pumps if necessary to get wastewater to the CW unit/s against gravity), nor chemicals, the variety of natural mechanisms that do the water recycling and purification make CW very effective. In the case of WWG, our water treatment level often exceeds local Health Authority treatment requirements.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"WASTEWATER GARDENS ® INFORMATION SHEET IS20120105 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TO TREAT WASTEWATER FRAMEWORK AND SCHEMATIC OVERVIEW","attachmentId":51844704,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31495611/WASTEWATER_GARDENS_INFORMATION_SHEET_IS20120105_CONSTRUCTED_WETLANDS_TO_TREAT_WASTEWATER_FRAMEWORK_AND_SCHEMATIC_OVERVIEW","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31495611/WASTEWATER_GARDENS_INFORMATION_SHEET_IS20120105_CONSTRUCTED_WETLANDS_TO_TREAT_WASTEWATER_FRAMEWORK_AND_SCHEMATIC_OVERVIEW"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="15679750" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15679750/PROPOSED_MODEL_FOR_WASTEWATER_TREATMENT_IN_LAHORE_USING_CONSTRUCTED_WETLANDS">PROPOSED MODEL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN LAHORE USING CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29637334" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MianKashifHussain">Mian Kashif Hussain</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In developing countries, large quantities of wastewater are disposed into water bodies without any treatment. Process complexity, high energy consumption, lack of highly skilled operators, and high capital and operational costs have made the conventional treatment methods difficult to adopt in these countries. Constructed wetlands (CW) are engineered systems that are designed and constructed to utilize the natural processes, involving wetland vegetation, soils and the associated microbial assemblages to assist in treating wastewaters. It is a low cost and energy efficient option for a developing countries like Pakistan. In this study, the application of CW for the treatment of wastewater of Lahore city has been investigated in this study. A local plant, Reed (Phragmites) was evaluated (using a lab scale wetland model) for its potential use in constructed wetland. Removal efficiency of the system was evaluated at different detention times ranging from 1 to -5 days. The results demons...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"PROPOSED MODEL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN LAHORE USING CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS","attachmentId":41177840,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15679750/PROPOSED_MODEL_FOR_WASTEWATER_TREATMENT_IN_LAHORE_USING_CONSTRUCTED_WETLANDS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15679750/PROPOSED_MODEL_FOR_WASTEWATER_TREATMENT_IN_LAHORE_USING_CONSTRUCTED_WETLANDS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="21799094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21799094/Wetlands_for_Wastewater_Treatment">Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9193502" href="https://msstate.academia.edu/VeeraGnaneswarGude">Veera Gnaneswar Gude</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper provides a review of the treatment technologies, which utilize natural processes or passive components in wastewater treatment. In particular, this paper primarily focuses on wetland systems and their applications in wastewater treatment (as an advanced treatment unit or decentralized system), nutrient and pollutant removal (single and multiple pollutants, and metals), and emerging pollutant removal (pharmaceuticals). A summary of studies involving the plant (vegetation) effects, wetland design and modeling, hybrid and innovative systems, storm water treatment and pathogen removal is also included.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","attachmentId":42561143,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21799094/Wetlands_for_Wastewater_Treatment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21799094/Wetlands_for_Wastewater_Treatment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1397582" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1397582/Natural_and_constructed_wetlands_for_wastewater_treatement_Potentials_and_problems">Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatement: Potentials and problems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="601838" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrijGopal">Brij Gopal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Water Science and Technology, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Wetlands are being considered increasingly important for wastewater treatment because of the ability of many wetland plants to absorb large amounts of nutrient and a variety of toxic substances . The paper highlights the physical , chemical and biological processes which contribute to the improvement of water quality, and the distinction between natural and constructed wetlands. The impacts of long-term wastewater disposal on the biotic changes , reduction in treatment efficiency, and wetland processes such as production of trace gases, arc pointed out. Constraints in usmg wetlands, for wastewater treatment, such as poor understanding of the natural wetland functions and responses of native plants and animals to wastewater, particularly in developing countries, are briefly discussed. It IS suggested that while the possibil ities for using constructed wetlands based on native species for small communmes are explored, greater emphasis should be laid on the restoration of lost and degraded wetlands, especially the river floodpla ins, lake httorals and coastal wetlands, which can help check pollution from non-point sources . ()</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatement: Potentials and problems","attachmentId":50989231,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1397582/Natural_and_constructed_wetlands_for_wastewater_treatement_Potentials_and_problems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1397582/Natural_and_constructed_wetlands_for_wastewater_treatement_Potentials_and_problems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47744509,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47744509,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47744509" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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