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Clayton County, Georgia (2020) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bostock_v._Clayton_County,_Georgia_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_and_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_and_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Support and opposition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Support_and_opposition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Support and opposition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Support_and_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.25em">Equality Act</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">To prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation, and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Announced in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th United States Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Number of co-sponsors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">217</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/15/all-actions">Legislative history</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><div><ul style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left"><li>Introduced in the House of Representatives as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/15/">H.R. 15</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">Mark Takano</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>–<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>) on June 21, 2023</li><li>Committee consideration by <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Equality Act was a bill in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, that, if passed, would amend the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> (including titles <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964#Title_II—public_accommodations" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964#Title_III—desegregation_of_public_facilities" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964#Title_IV—desegregation_of_public_education" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964#Title_VI—nondiscrimination_in_federally_assisted_programs" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964#Title_VII—equal_employment_opportunity" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">VII</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX">IX</a>) to prohibit <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Housing" title="Housing">housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_accommodations" class="mw-redirect" title="Public accommodations">public accommodations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_federal_assistance_in_the_United_States" title="Administration of federal assistance in the United States">federally funded programs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit (finance)">credit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jury_duty" title="Jury duty">jury service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrc-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>'s June 2020 ruling in <a href="/wiki/Bostock_v._Clayton_County" title="Bostock v. Clayton County">Bostock v. Clayton County</a> protects <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> people in matters of employment, but not in other respects. The Bostock ruling also covered the <a href="/wiki/Altitude_Express,_Inc._v._Zarda" title="Altitude Express, Inc. v. Zarda">Altitude Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/R.G._%26_G.R._Harris_Funeral_Homes_Inc._v._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Harris Funeral Homes</a> cases. The bill would also expand existing civil rights protections for <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">people of color</a> by prohibiting discrimination in more <a href="/wiki/Public_accommodations_in_the_United_States" title="Public accommodations in the United States">public accommodations</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Exhibition" title="Exhibition">exhibitions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">goods and services</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">transportation</a>. Much like the Bostock v. Clayton County decision, the Equality Act broadly defines <a href="/wiki/Sex_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex discrimination">sex discrimination</a> to include sexual orientation and gender identity, adding "<a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>, or a related medical condition of an individual, as well as because of sex-based <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotypes</a>". The intended purpose of the act is to legally protect individuals from discrimination based on such.<a href="#cite_note-:12-1">[1]</a> While various similar bills have been proposed since the 1970s, the modern version of the Equality Act was first proposed in the <a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th United States Congress</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th Congress</a>, it passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> on May 17, 2019, in a bipartisan 236–173 vote.<a href="#cite_note-passed_house-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> did not act upon the bill after receiving it; even if they had, then-President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signaled that he would have <a href="/wiki/U.S._Presidential_veto" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Presidential veto">vetoed</a> it.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> On February 18, 2021, the act was reintroduced in the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a>. The House passed the act by a vote of 224 to 206 on February 25, 2021, with support from three Republicans. The bill then moved on to the Senate for consideration, but did not overcome a <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a>, and did not advance further.<a href="#cite_note-:15-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_and_content">Purpose and content</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_employment_discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="LGBT employment discrimination in the United States">LGBT employment discrimination in the United States</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg/400px-LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg/600px-LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg/800px-LGBT_anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>The Equality Act would uniformly apply anti-LGBT discrimination law in the United States. State anti-discrimination laws as of May 2019: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  State law prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in public employment, private employment, housing, and provision of goods and services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  State law prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation (but not gender identity) in public employment, private employment, housing, and provision of goods and services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  State law prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in public and private employment, but not in other areas such as housing and provision of goods and services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  State law does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Some states have similar <a href="/wiki/Executive_order#State_executive_orders" title="Executive order">executive orders</a>, but their scope is limited to only cover public state employees against discrimination.</div></figcaption></figure> As of 2020, 29 states had not outlawed <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">anti-LGBT discrimination</a>, with members of the LGBT community being given little protection at a national level and two-thirds of LGBT Americans in the United States reported facing or having experienced discrimination in their personal lives.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The Equality Act seeks to legally protect individuals from such discrimination, applying existing state anti-LGBT discrimination laws nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-hrc-2">[2]</a> The Equality Act seeks to incorporate protections against LGBT discrimination into the federal <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>. Specifically, it prohibits discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status in a wide variety of areas including public accommodations and facilities, education, federally funded programs, employment, housing, credit, and jury service.<a href="#cite_note-:12-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrc-2">[2]</a> It also seeks to expand existing civil rights protections for people of color,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> women,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and other minority groups by updating the definition of <a href="/wiki/Public_accommodations_in_the_United_States" title="Public accommodations in the United States">public accommodations</a> to include places or establishments that provide:<a href="#cite_note-:12-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrc-2">[2]</a> <ul><li>Exhibition, entertainment, recreation, exercise, amusement, public gathering, or public display</li> <li>Goods, services, or programs</li> <li>Transportation services</li></ul> According to the text of the act as introduced in the 117th Congress, discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity by governments violates the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal Protection Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a>, saying:<blockquote>Discrimination by State and local governments on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations, and in programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance, violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In many circumstances, such discrimination also violates other constitutional rights such as those of liberty and privacy under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.<a href="#cite_note-:12-1">[1]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_(1970s–1990s)">Early history (1970s–1990s)</h3></div> The original Equality Act was developed by U.S. Representatives <a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a> (D-NY) and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Ed Koch</a> (D-NY) in 1974. The Equality Act of 1974 (H.R. 14752 of the 93rd Congress) sought to amend the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> to include prohibition of discrimination on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marital_status" title="Marital status">marital status</a> in federally assisted programs, housing sales, rentals, financing, and brokerage services. The bill authorized civil actions by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of the United States">Attorney General of the United States</a> in cases of discrimination on account of sex, sexual orientation, or marital status in public facilities and public education. On June 27, 1974, H.R. 14752 was referred to the <a href="/wiki/House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" class="mw-redirect" title="House Committee on the Judiciary">House Committee on the Judiciary</a>, but did not proceed to a vote in the full <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> From 1994, the more narrow <a href="/wiki/Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act" title="Employment Non-Discrimination Act">Employment Non-Discrimination Act</a> (ENDA) was introduced, but faced opposition over whether transgender Americans would be protected. An expanded version of ENDA which included both sexual orientation and changed sex to gender identity in its protections passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 2013, but did not advance in the House.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bostock_v._Clayton_County,_Georgia_(2020)">Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia (2020)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bostock_v._Clayton_County" title="Bostock v. Clayton County">Bostock v. Clayton County</a></div> On June 15, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled that <a href="/wiki/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> prohibits discrimination against gay and transgender people in employment. LGBTQ rights advocates welcomed the ruling and reaffirmed support for passage of the Equality Act, stating that the ruling only covered employment, and in many states LGBTQ people still lack non-discrimination protections in housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service which would be covered under the Equality Act.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The ruling said that the Civil Rights Act protects "gay and transgender" people in matters of employment but left the terms undefined.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States">Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States</a></div> A <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a> poll conducted in May/June 2019 found that most Americans do not know that LGBT people lack federal protections. Only one-third of respondents knew that such protections do not exist on the basis of transgender identity, and only one-quarter knew that they do not exist on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a> identity.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> A nationwide and state-by-state poll on the issue conducted throughout 2017 by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> as part of its annual American Values Atlas survey said that 70% of Americans, including a majority in every state, supported laws that would protect <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> people against <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>, while 23% opposed such laws, and 8% had no opinion.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> A 2020 PRRI poll said 83% of Americans would favor such anti-discrimination laws, and specifically regarding discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations. 16% of Americans oppose such laws.<a href="#cite_note-:14-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Support for such anti-discrimination laws was at 94% for <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a>, 85% for <a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">independents</a>, and 68% for <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> According to a 2021 PRRI survey, about 22% of Americans support religious exemptions for business owners pertaining to anti-discrimination law based on sexual orientation, while about 76% of Americans oppose such exemptions.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> A poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a> in April 2019 found that 92% of American voters believed that employers should not be allowed to fire someone based on their sexual orientation or sexual identity, while only 6% believed that employers should be allowed to do so. A wide consensus on this question was found among both Democratic and Republican voters, as well as Independents, although Democratic voters were slightly more likely to believe that this kind of discrimination should be illegal, with only 1% of them believing that employers should be allowed to fire someone based on their sexual orientation or sexual identity.<a href="#cite_note-qu_poll-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support_and_opposition">Support and opposition</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3></div> The Equality Act is supported by more than 547 national, state and local organizations.<a href="#cite_note-Organizations-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> These different organizations are related to human rights, <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and religious groups. All of these organizations support the Equality Act. Organizations related to human rights and social justice <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/GLSEN" title="GLSEN">GLSEN</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hrc-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lambda_Legal" title="Lambda Legal">Lambda Legal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AARP" title="AARP">AARP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> National professional organizations <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Counseling_Association" title="American Counseling Association">American Counseling Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">American Federation of Teachers</a>, <a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Pediatrics" title="American Academy of Pediatrics">American Academy of Pediatrics</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Parent-teacher_association#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent-teacher association">National PTA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-29">[29]</a> American businesses <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>. Other companies supporting the act include <a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Businesses-47">[47]</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">US Chamber of Commerce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Celebrities <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Billings" title="Alexandra Billings">Alexandra Billings</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karamo_Brown" title="Karamo Brown">Karamo Brown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Calder%C3%B3n_Kellett" title="Gloria Calderón Kellett">Gloria Calderón Kellett</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Carver" title="Charlie Carver">Charlie Carver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Max_and_Charlie_Carver-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Carver" title="Max Carver">Max Carver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Max_and_Charlie_Carver-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nyle_DiMarco" title="Nyle DiMarco">Nyle DiMarco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a>,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Gay_Harden" title="Marcia Gay Harden">Marcia Gay Harden</a>,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Curtis" title="Jamie Lee Curtis">Jamie Lee Curtis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jane_Lynch" title="Jane Lynch">Jane Lynch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Justina_Machado" title="Justina Machado">Justina Machado</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Rippon" title="Adam Rippon">Adam Rippon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bella_Thorne" title="Bella Thorne">Bella Thorne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tyler_Ferguson" title="Jesse Tyler Ferguson">Jesse Tyler Ferguson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Feminist and women's groups <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a>, <a href="/wiki/9to5" title="9to5">9to5: the National Association of Working Women</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Labor_Union_Women" title="Coalition of Labor Union Women">Coalition of Labor Union Women</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_Majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist Majority">Feminist Majority</a>, <a href="/wiki/Girls,_Inc." title="Girls, Inc.">Girls, Inc.</a>,<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women_International" title="Jewish Women International">Jewish Women International</a>, The National Black Women's Reproductive Justice Agenda, <a href="/wiki/NARAL" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL">NARAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/MANA,_A_National_Latina_Organization" title="MANA, A National Latina Organization">MANA, A National Latina Organization</a>, MomsRising, National Alliance to End Sexual Violence, <a href="/wiki/National_Asian_Pacific_American_Women%27s_Forum" title="National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum">National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum</a> (NAPAWF), <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Female_Executives" title="National Association for Female Executives">National Association for Female Executives</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Health_Network" title="National Women's Health Network">National Women's Health Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Law_Center" title="National Women's Law Center">National Women's Law Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a>, Positive Women's Network-USA, and <a href="/wiki/United_State_of_Women_Summit" title="United State of Women Summit">United State of Women</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Sports_Foundation" title="Women's Sports Foundation">Women's Sports Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Players_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Players Association">Women's National Basketball Players Association</a> (WNBPA), <a href="/wiki/Athlete_Ally" title="Athlete Ally">Athlete Ally</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Megan_Rapinoe" title="Megan Rapinoe">Megan Rapinoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candace_Parker" title="Candace Parker">Candace Parker</a> and 176 current and former athletes in <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">women's sports</a> have spoken up for full LGBTQ inclusion in sports, including of transgender athletes.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Religious groups <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>, The <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, <a href="/wiki/More_Light_Presbyterians" title="More Light Presbyterians">More Light Presbyterians</a>, African American Ministers in Action, The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Welcoming_and_Affirming_Baptists" title="Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists">Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Reform_Judaism" title="Union for Reform Judaism">Union for Reform Judaism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue_of_Conservative_Judaism" title="United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism">United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Rabbinical_Association" title="Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association">Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslims_for_Progressive_Values" title="Muslims for Progressive Values">Muslims for Progressive Values</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_American_Foundation" title="Hindu American Foundation">Hindu American Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-29">[29]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a> Other endorsements Calling for the bill's passage in 2016, civil rights icon <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a> said, "This legislation is what justice requires. This legislation is what justice demands. And like the Supreme Court's recent decision, it is long overdue ... We are a society committed to equal justice under the law. ... We have fought too hard and too long against discrimination based on race and color not to stand up against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3></div> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">political pundits</a> and politicians have stated their opposition to the Equality Act at various times. Notable among these was <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene</a> (R-GA), which caused a brief political feud between her and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Newman" title="Marie Newman">Rep. Marie Newman</a> (D-IL).<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Greene had said in a speech that the proposed act "destroys God's creation, ... completely annihilates women's rights and religious freedoms",<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and "puts trans rights above women's rights".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Fox News anchor, <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a>, called the Equality Act a "terrifying agenda that eliminates women". <a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Candace Owens</a> appeared on Carlson's <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> <a href="/wiki/Talk_show" title="Talk show">talk show</a> in the same segment and said about the Equality Act that Democrats "don't know what equality is".<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Some single-issue women's groups have opposed the provision of the bill which defines sex to include gender identity. Some groups say that the provision endangers the "sex-based rights" of women and girls, including women's sports and women-only spaces such as locker rooms, prisons, and shelters.<a href="#cite_note-:9-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-79">[79]</a> Among these groups has been the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Human_Rights_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Human Rights Campaign">Women's Human Rights Campaign</a> USA (WHRC USA),<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Women's Liberation Front">Women's Liberation Front</a> (WoLF),<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Feminists in Struggle (FiST),<a href="#cite_note-:10-82">[82]</a> Standing for Women,<a href="#cite_note-:11-83">[83]</a> and Save Women's Sports.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> They oppose the bill unless it is amended to protect sex and not gender identity. Both WHRC USA and FIST have proposed amendments to the act<a href="#cite_note-:10-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and not recognize gender identity. Some organization that oppose the Equality Act are funded by fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBT_hate_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBT hate groups">anti-LGBT hate groups</a>(as designated by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">SPLC</a>) such as the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">Alliance Defending Freedom</a>. The organization has shifted their messaging to sound more secular and feminist, although this is disputed by its supporters having anti-LGBT views.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_University" title="Georgia State University">Georgia State University</a> criminology professor Callie H. Burt published a paper in the June 2020 issue of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_Criminology_(journal)" title="Feminist Criminology (journal)">Feminist Criminology</a> in which she examined the potential effects of the Equality Act on women's rights. While saying the act is "laudable in its aims", Burt lamented the lack of scrutiny and discussion by Democratic representatives in Congress into the real consequences the act's "imprecise language" would bring to women: "The result is the erosion of females' provisions, which include sex-separated spaces (e.g., prisons, locker rooms, shelters), opportunities and competitions (e.g., awards, scholarships, sports), and events (e.g., meetings, groups, festivals)". She also said, "I submit that the bill, in current form, fails to strike a balance between the rights, needs, and interests of two marginalized (and overlapping) groups—trans people and females—and instead prioritizes the demands of trans people over the hard-won rights of female people."<a href="#cite_note-:8-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, a British newspaper, stated in October 2020 that the original draft of the act endangers the rights of women in areas such as sports, where they would be at a physical disadvantage having to compete against trans women. When it comes to biological-sex segregated spaces, such as public bathrooms and prisons, the newspaper states that "parts of the bill appear to put the needs of transgender people above those of women. This is because the act redefines 'sex' in Title IX and other amendments of the Civil Rights Act to include 'gender identity; rather than making transgenderism a protected category of its own. Its definition of 'gender identity' is fuzzy and appears to downplay the reality of sex."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Law professor <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Laycock" title="Douglas Laycock">Douglas Laycock</a> told <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> that the law is "less necessary" now, after the Bostock decision, and that the bill "protects the rights of one side, but attempts to destroy the rights of the other side."<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Some religious leaders oppose the bill for various reasons, saying for example that it would infringe on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religious liberty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cite_7_Https:_May_20_2019c-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-92">[92]</a> On March 20, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a> sent a letter addressed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> that opposed the Equality Act on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>, among other concerns.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On May 7, 2019, a coalition of Christian organizations sent a letter to the House of Representatives stating their opposition to the Equality Act. In the letter, the groups expressed that the act "undermines religious freedom, and threatens charitable nonprofits and the people they serve, regulates free speech, hinders quality health care, and endangers the privacy and safety of women and girls." In addition to four committee chairs of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, signers included leaders from the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Legal_Society" title="Christian Legal Society">Christian Legal Society</a>, the Center for Law and Religious Freedom, the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Public_Justice" title="Center for Public Justice">Center for Public Justice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_%26_Religious_Liberty_Commission" title="Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission">Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>, the Lutheran Center for Religious Liberty (affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church-Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Christian_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Council for Christian Colleges and Universities">Council for Christian Colleges and Universities</a>, and the Institutional Religious Freedom Alliance.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Donohue" title="Bill Donohue">Bill Donohue</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_for_Religious_and_Civil_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights">Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights</a>, said that "The Equality Act is the most comprehensive assault on religious liberty, the right to life, and privacy rights ever packaged into one bill." Donohue also stated his concern that "Catholic hospitals would no longer be allowed to govern as Catholic facilities, threatening healthcare for everyone, especially the poor."<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On May 16, 2019, Sister Carol Keehan, president of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Health_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Health Association">Catholic Health Association</a> sent a letter to lawmakers in the House expressing concern that the act, as written, would roll back religious liberty protections. "Federal law has long recognized that certain services can present conflict for some faith-based health care providers with religious or moral objections to providing those services, and protected them from having to do so. We are concerned that the Equality Act omits and could erode or reduce those protections." The legislation, she said, "lacks conscience protection language and precludes application of RFRA (<a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act">Religious Freedom Restoration Act</a>)."<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">American Family Association</a> published an article in April 2019 opposing the act.<a href="#cite_note-:5-97">[97]</a> On May 13, 2019, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> released a statement that read in part, "The Equality Act now before Congress is not balanced and does not meet the standard of fairness for all. While providing extremely broad protections for LGBT rights, the Equality Act provides no protections for religious freedom".<a href="#cite_note-:3-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cite_10_Https:_May_20_2019c-98">[98]</a> In 2021, the LDS Church endorsed a competing bill, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairness_for_All_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairness for All Act (page does not exist)">Fairness for All Act</a>. The competing bill would add faith-based exemptions to anti-discrimination law. Other than the LDS Church, its supporters have included the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> and the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> has argued that the act would adversely affect five groups of people (employers and workers; medical professionals; parents and children; non-profit organizations and their volunteers; and women), and they describe specific harms the Foundation believes each group would experience from the act's passage.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transgender_rights_and_the_Equality_Act">Transgender rights and the Equality Act</h2></div> Much of the concern surrounding the Equality Act stems from the protections that would be guaranteed for transgender individuals in sports and also in access to sex-segregated spaces. It is argued that these protections would endanger women in sex-segregated spaces such as bathrooms and prisons. However, the National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 anti-sexual assault organizations have condemned opponents' attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is untrue that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endsexualviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/STATEMENT-OF-ANTI-SEXUAL-ASSAULT-AND-DOMESTIC-VIOLENCE-ORGANIZATIONS-IN-SUPPORT-OF-EQUAL-ACCESS-FOR-THE-TRANSGENDER-COMMUNITY.pdf">The Taskforce's joint letter</a> was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The letter notes the [21] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Religious organizations that have expressed their support for the act claim that this act would protect transgender children and people; however, this has been overshadowed by the strong opposition by other religious groups and organizations. Religious organizations and registered charities that have given public support to the act include <a href="/wiki/Advocates_for_Youth" title="Advocates for Youth">Advocates for Youth</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> leaders and lobbying organizations such as Father <a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(priest,_born_1960)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Martin (priest, born 1960)">James Martin</a> S.J.,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_(lobby_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Network (lobby group)">Network</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-105">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/DignityUSA" title="DignityUSA">DignityUSA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Catholic theologian and nun <a href="/wiki/Joan_Chittister" title="Joan Chittister">Joan Chittister</a> released a statement saying that the Equality Act "must be passed, must be extended, and must be lived if religion itself is to be true".<a href="#cite_note-:6-107">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_Alliance" title="Interfaith Alliance">Interfaith Alliance</a> endorsed the Equality Act as part of "Faith for Equality", a coalition which provided a letter signed by over 17,000 religious Americans to Senator <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Chris Coons</a> in support of the act.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Edith Guffey, a UCC minister and mother of a transgender, <a href="/wiki/Non-binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-binary">non-binary</a> child testified to Congress in support of the Equality Act, saying "We should all be able to agree on this one thing, the law should treat all our children, God's children, equally. All of our children deserve to be treated with and respect. Every single one of us would go to the mat for our children. None of us wants them to be turned away or discriminated against for any reason."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> At a 2021 Senate hearing for the Equality Act, 16-year-old Stella Keating became the first transgender teenager to testify before Congress saying, "Right now, I could be denied medical care or be evicted for simply being transgender in many states. ... What if I'm offered a dream job in a state where I can be discriminated against? Even if my employer is supportive, I still have to live somewhere. Eat in restaurants. Have a doctor", she added. "This is the United States of America. The country that I love. Every young person ... regardless of who they are or who they love, should be able to be excited about their future."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents'_stances">Presidents' stances</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barack_Obama">Barack Obama</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration#LGBT_issues" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social policy of the Barack Obama administration § LGBT issues</a></div> President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> voiced support for the Equality Act when it was first introduced in the <a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th United States Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Obama-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donald_Trump">Donald Trump</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump#LGBT_issues" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social policy of Donald Trump § LGBT issues</a></div> The Trump Administration opposed the Equality Act. In August 2019, the White House issued a statement, "The Trump Administration absolutely opposes discrimination of any kind and supports the equal treatment of all; however, the House-passed bill in its current form is filled with poison pills that threaten to undermine parental and conscience rights."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joe_Biden">Joe Biden</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Joe_Biden#LGBT_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social policy of Joe Biden">Social policy of Joe Biden § LGBT issues</a></div> President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> are vocal defenders of the Equality Act, issuing a statement from the White House, "I applaud Congressman David Cicilline and the entire <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Equality_Caucus" title="Congressional Equality Caucus">Congressional Equality Caucus</a> for introducing the Equality Act in the House of Representatives yesterday, and I urge Congress to swiftly pass this historic legislation. Every person should be treated with dignity and respect, and this bill represents a critical step toward ensuring that America lives up to our foundational values of equality and freedom for all."<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-23">[23]</a> In March 2022 President Biden called for the passage of the Equality Act during the <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State Of The Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> On the March 2022 <a href="/wiki/Trans_Day_of_Visibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Day of Visibility">Trans Day of Visibility</a>, the Biden administration announced that it was fighting for the passage of the Equality Act to advance the civil rights of trans Americans.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_activity">Legislative activity</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="114th_Congress">114th Congress</h3></div> On July 23, 2015, Rep. <a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D-RI) introduced H.R. 3185, the Equality Act of 2015, in the United States House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[119]</a> The bill was supported by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Obama-113">[113]</a> In January 2016, Rep. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dold" title="Bob Dold">Bob Dold</a> (R-IL) became the first Republican Representative to co-sponsor the bill.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Rep. <a href="/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</a> (R-FL) became the second Republican to co-sponsor the bill in September 2016. <a href="/wiki/Jenniffer_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenniffer González">Jenniffer González</a> (R-PR) also co-sponsored the bill.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> On July 23, 2015, Sen. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D-OR) introduced S. 1858, the Equality Act of 2015, in the United States Senate. In January 2016, Sen. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kirk" title="Mark Kirk">Mark Kirk</a> (R-IL) became the first and only Republican Senator to co-sponsor the bill. All Democrats and Independents cosponsored the bill with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Heitkamp" title="Heidi Heitkamp">Heidi Heitkamp</a> (D-ND), <a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a> (D-IN), <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-WV) and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Jon Tester</a> (D-MT). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="115th_Congress">115th Congress</h3></div> On May 2, 2017, Rep. <a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D-RI) introduced H.R. 2282, the Equality Act of 2017, in the United States House of Representatives. Rep. <a href="/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</a> (R-FL) was the only Republican to co-sponsor the bill from the outset, with Rep. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Taylor_(politician)" title="Scott Taylor (politician)">Scott Taylor</a> (R-VA) becoming the second Republican to co-sponsor the bill on May 26, 2017. On May 2, 2017, Sen. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D-OR) introduced S. 1006, the Equality Act of 2017, in the United States Senate. All Democrats and Independents cosponsored the bill with the exceptions of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a> (D-IN) and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-WV). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="116th_Congress">116th Congress</h3></div> On March 13, 2019, Rep. <a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D-RI) introduced H.R. 5, the Equality Act of 2019, in the United States House of Representatives. The bill is sponsored by 237 Democrats and 3 Republicans. On May 1, 2019, the bill passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a> by a vote of 22–10, with all Democratic members of the committee voting in favor and all Republican members against.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> A vote by the full House was held on May 17, 2019; the vote carried with 236 votes for and 173 against. Eight Republicans voted in favor of the bill and no Democrats opposed it.<a href="#cite_note-passed_house-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On March 13, 2019, Sen. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D-OR) introduced S. 788, the Equality Act of 2019, in the United States Senate. The bill was sponsored by 43 Democrats, 2 Independents, and 1 Republican. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="117th_Congress">117th Congress</h3></div> On February 18, 2021, H.R. 5 was reintroduced to the House of Representatives. It was passed by the House for the second time on February 25, 2021, and now moves on to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-:13-124">[124]</a> Notable speeches were heard by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, Marjorie Taylor Greene, and Marie Newman.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Among Republican Representatives, only <a href="/wiki/Tom_Reed_(politician)" title="Tom Reed (politician)">Tom Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Katko" title="John Katko">John Katko</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)" title="Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)">Brian Fitzpatrick</a> voted in favor; fewer than in the previous Congress. <a href="/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">Mario Díaz-Balart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a> previously voted in favor but now voted against. On February 23, 2021, a companion bill, S. 393, was introduced in the Senate. It was referred to the Judiciary Committee, where a hearing was held on March 17, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> It had, as of February 26, 2021, 48 co-sponsors.<a href="#cite_note-congress.gov-128">[128]</a> However, it was unable to gain enough support among Republicans to meet the 60-vote threshold to overcome a filibuster, and did not advance further.<a href="#cite_note-:15-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_history">Legislative history</h2></div> As of January 31, 2024: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Congress </th> <th>Short title </th> <th>Bill number(s) </th> <th>Date introduced </th> <th>Sponsor(s) </th> <th># of cosponsors </th> <th>Latest status </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Equality Act of 2015 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/3185">H.R. 3185</a> </td> <td>July 23, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D–RI) </td> <td>178 </td> <td>Died in committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1858">S. 1858</a> </td> <td>July 23, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D–OR) </td> <td>42 </td> <td>Died in committee </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Equality Act of 2017 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2282">H.R. 2282</a> </td> <td>May 2, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D–RI) </td> <td>198 </td> <td>Died in committee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/1006">S. 1006</a> </td> <td>May 2, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D–OR) </td> <td>47 </td> <td>Died in committee </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Equality Act of 2019 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/5">H.R. 5</a> </td> <td>March 13, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D–RI) </td> <td>240 </td> <td>Passed the House (236–173)<a href="#cite_note-passed_house-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/788">S. 788</a> </td> <td>March 13, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D–OR) </td> <td>46 </td> <td>Died in committee </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Equality Act of 2021 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5">H.R. 5</a> </td> <td>February 18, 2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a> (D–RI) </td> <td>224 </td> <td>Passed the House (224–206)<a href="#cite_note-:13-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/393">S. 393</a> </td> <td>February 23, 2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D–OR) </td> <td>48 </td> <td>Died in committee </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Equality Act of 2023 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/15?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22actionSessionCode%3A%5C%22118-1%7C1000%5C%22+AND+billIsReserved%3A%5C%22N%5C%22%22%7D&s=4&r=8">H.R. 15</a> </td> <td>June 21, 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">Mark Takano</a> (D-CA) </td> <td>217 </td> <td>Referred to committees of Jurisdiction </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5">S.5</a> </td> <td>June 21, 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D–OR) </td> <td>50 </td> <td>Referred to committees of Jurisdiction </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Amendment" title="Equality Amendment">Equality Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act" title="Employment Non-Discrimination Act">Employment Non-Discrimination Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_employment_discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="LGBT employment discrimination in the United States">LGBT employment discrimination in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX">Title IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CROWN_Act_of_2022" title="CROWN Act of 2022">CROWN Act of 2022</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved April 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.R.5+%E2%80%93+Equality+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F117th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F5%2Fall-actions-without-amendments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquality+Act+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-congress.gov-128"><a href="#cite_ref-congress.gov_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerkley2021" class="citation web cs1">Merkley, Jeff (February 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/393">"S. 393–117th Congress (2021-2022): Equality Act"</a>. www.congress.gov. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.congress.gov&rft.atitle=S.+393%E2%80%93117th+Congress+%282021-2022%29%3A+Equality+Act&rft.date=2021-02-23&rft.aulast=Merkley&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F117th-congress%2Fsenate-bill%2F393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquality+Act+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> Attribution: <ul><li>This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a> document "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/3185">H.R.3185 - Equality Act</a>".</li> <li>This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._government" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright status of work by the U.S. government">public domain material</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a> document "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5/text">H.R.5 - Equality Act</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/hr3185">H.R. 3185: The Equality Act of 2015 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/s1858">S. 1858: The Equality Act of 2015 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr2282">H.R. 2282: The Equality Act of 2017 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/s1006">S. 1006: The Equality Act of 2017 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/hr5">H.R. 5: The Equality Act of 2019 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s788">S. 788: The Equality Act of 2019 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/117/hr5">H.R. 5: The Equality Act of 2021 on GovTrack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/117/s393">S. 393: The Equality Act of 2021 on GovTrack</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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