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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Common origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>In Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>In Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Present</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Present-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Present subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments_and_musical_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments_and_musical_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Instruments and musical features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Instruments_and_musical_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Instruments and musical features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Instruments_and_musical_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uruguayan_candombe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguayan_candombe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Uruguayan candombe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguayan_candombe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Master_candombe_drummers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Master_candombe_drummers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Master candombe drummers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Master_candombe_drummers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentine_Candombe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentine_Candombe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Argentine Candombe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentine_Candombe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguayan_Candombe_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguayan_Candombe_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uruguayan Candombe performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguayan_Candombe_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%87" title="کاندومبه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاندومبه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B8%EB%8F%94%EB%B2%A0" title="칸돔베 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칸돔베" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Кандомбе – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кандомбе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%89" title="كاندومبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاندومبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99" title="カンドンベ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンドンベ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kus mw-list-item"><a href="https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe – Kusaal" lang="kus" hreflang="kus" data-title="Candombe" data-language-autonym="Kʋsaal" data-language-local-name="Kusaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kʋsaal</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1033073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Style of music and dance from Uruguay</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Candombe</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:12_candombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/12_candombe.jpg/220px-12_candombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/12_candombe.jpg/330px-12_candombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/12_candombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="295" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Painting of a crowd participating in a candombe</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">Candombe drums</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Candombe beat</li><li>candombe jazz</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #eee; font-size: 125%;">Candombe and its socio-cultural space: a community practice</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00182">00182</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/LAC" title="Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/LAC">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee; font-size:110%;">Inscription history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2009 (4th session)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">List</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Representative</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Candombe</b></i> is a style of music and dance that originated in <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> among the descendants of liberated <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">African slaves</a>. In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO) inscribed <i>candombe</i> in its <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Candombe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Candombe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To a lesser extent, <i>candombe</i> is practiced in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. In Argentina, it can be found in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Argentina" title="Santa Fe, Argentina">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1,_Entre_R%C3%ADos" title="Paraná, Entre Ríos">Paraná</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corrientes" title="Corrientes">Corrientes</a>. In Paraguay, this tradition continues in Camba Cuá and in <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_la_Mora,_Paraguay" title="Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay">Fernando de la Mora</a> near <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>. In Brazil, <i>candombe</i> retains its religious character and can be found in the states of <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> and Rio Grande do Sul. </p><p>This Uruguayan music style is based on three different drums: chico, repique, and piano drums. It is usually played in February during <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Carnival" title="Uruguayan Carnival">carnival in Montevideo</a> at dance parades called <i>llamadas</i> and <i>desfile inaugural del carnaval</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_origins">Common origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/George_Reid_Andrews" title="George Reid Andrews">George Reid Andrews</a>, a historian of <a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Latin_Americans" title="Afro–Latin Americans">black communities in Latin America</a>, after the middle of the 19th century younger black people began to abandon the <i>candombe</i> in favor of practicing European dances such as the <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">schottische</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">mazurka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this new twist, other Uruguayans began to imitate the steps and movements. Calling themselves Los Negros, upper class porteños in the 1860s and 1870s performed blackface and formed one of the carnival processions each year. </p><p>African-Uruguayans organized candombe dances every Sunday and on special holidays such as New Year's Eve, Christmas, Saint Baltasar, Rosary Virgin and Saint Benito. They would set a fire to heat the drums and play candombe music, especially during the night in certain neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Barrio_Sur,_Montevideo" title="Barrio Sur, Montevideo">Barrio Sur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palermo,_Montevideo" title="Palermo, Montevideo">Palermo</a> in Montevideo. </p><p>The typical characters on the parade represent the old white masters during slavery in old Montevideo city. It was a mockery to their lifestyle with a rebel spirit for freedom and a way to remember the African origins. </p><p>In 1913, an anonymous dance historian identified only as "Viejo Tanguero" ("Old Tangoer") wrote about the 1877 creation of a dance referred to as a <i>tango</i> but featuring ideas from the <i>candombe</i>. This dance, which later became known as "soft tango," was created by African Argentines.<sup id="cite_ref-Collier44_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collier44-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in 1883, dance scholar and folklorist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventura_Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventura Lynch (page does not exist)">Ventura Lynch</a> described the influence of Afro-Argentine dancers on the <i>compadritos</i> ("tough guys") who apparently frequented Afro-Argentine dance venues. Lynch wrote, "the <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(dance)" title="Milonga (dance)">milonga</a> is danced only by the <i>compadritos</i> of the city, who have created it as a mockery of the dances the blacks hold in their own places".<sup id="cite_ref-Collier44_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collier44-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynch's report was interpreted by Robert Farris Thompson in <i>Tango: The Art of Love</i> as meaning that city <i>compadritos</i> danced milonga, not rural gauchos. Thompson notes that the population of city toughs dancing milonga would have included blacks and mulattoes, and that it would not have been danced as a mockery by all the dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dia_del_candombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dia_del_candombe.jpg/220px-Dia_del_candombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dia_del_candombe.jpg/330px-Dia_del_candombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dia_del_candombe.jpg/440px-Dia_del_candombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Comparsa on Candombe Day in Montevideo Uruguay</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Argentina">In Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg/220px-Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg/330px-Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg/440px-Afroargentinos_tocando_candombe_en_una_fogata_de_San_Juan_%E2%80%93_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Afro-Argentines playing Candombe Porteño near a bonfire in St. John's night (<i>noche de San Juan</i>), 1938.</figcaption></figure> <p>The seeds of candombe originated in present-day <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, where it was taken to South America during the 17th and 18th centuries by people who had been sold as slaves in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">kingdom of Kongo</a>, Anziqua, Nyong, Quang and others, mainly by Portuguese slave traders. The same cultural carriers of candombe colonized Brazil (especially in the area of Salvador de Bahia), Cuba, and the Río de la Plata with its capital Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The different histories and experiences in these regions branched out from the common origin, giving rise to different rhythms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The African influence was not foreign to Argentina, where the candombe also has been developed with specific characteristics. A population of black African slaves had been present in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> since around 1580. However, <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</a> with an increasingly white population (as Argentina received up to <a href="/wiki/Great_European_immigration_wave_to_Argentina" title="Great European immigration wave to Argentina">6 million European immigrants</a>) and structural racism (such as state-sponsored <i><a href="/wiki/Blanqueamiento" title="Blanqueamiento">blanqueamiento</a></i> policies) led to the progressive invisibilization of the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Argentine">Afro-Argentine</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Buenos Aires, during the two governments of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a>, it was common for “<i>afroporteños</i>” (black people of Buenos Aires) to perform candombe in public, even encouraged and visited by Rosas and his daughter, Manuela. Rosas was defeated at the battle of Caseros in 1852, and Buenos Aires began a profound and rapid cultural shift which saw a bigger emphasis on European culture. In this context, afroporteños replicated their ancestral cultural patterns increasingly into their private life. For this reason, onwards from 1862, the press, intellectuals and politicians began to assert the misconception of Afro-Argentine disappearance that has remained in the imagination of ordinary people from Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many researchers agree that the Candombe, through the development of the Milonga, is an essential component in the genesis of Argentine tango. This musical rhythm influenced, especially the "Sureña Milonga". In fact, <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">milonga</a> and candombe form a musical triptych from the same African roots, but with different developments.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the practice of Candombe was practiced exclusively by black people, who had designed special places called “Tangós”. This word originated sometime in the 19th century the word "Tango", but at that time not yet with its present meaning. Today, candombe is still practiced by Afro-Argentine and non-black populations across Argentina. In <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes Province</a>, candombe is part of the religious feast of <a href="/wiki/San_Baltasar" title="San Baltasar">San Baltasar</a>, a folk patron saint for Black Argentines.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Uruguay">In Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg/220px-Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg/330px-Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg/440px-Candombe_Montevideo_Uruguay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Candombe Montevideo Uruguay</figcaption></figure><p>The word <i>candombe</i> comes from a <a href="/wiki/Kikongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo">Kikongo</a> word meaning "pertaining to blacks," and was originally used in Buenos Aires to refer to dancing societies formed by members of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> and their descendants. It came to refer to the dance style in general, and the term was adopted in Uruguay as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson96_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson96-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Uruguay, <i>candombe</i> fused multiple African dance traditions into a complex choreography. Movements are energetic, and steps are improvised to suit.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present">Present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg/220px-Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg/330px-Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg/440px-Tamboreros_de_candombe_porte%C3%B1o_en_Asociaci%C3%B3n_Misibamba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Afro-Argentine Candombe drummers at a party of the Association Misibamba -Afro-Argentines Community of Buenos Aires.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lately, some artists have incorporated this genre to their compositions, and have also created groups and NGOs of Afro-descendants, as the Misibamba Association, Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires Community. However, it is important to note that the Uruguayan Candombe is the most practiced in Argentina, both due to immigration from Uruguay and to the seductiveness of the rhythm that captivates the Argentines. For this reason they learn the music, dance and characters and recreate something similar. Uruguayan Candombe is played much in the neighborhoods of San Telmo, Montserrat and La Boca. </p><p>While the Argentine variety had less local diffusion (compared with the diffusion that occurred in Uruguay), mainly by the decrease of population of black African origin, its mixing with white immigrants and the prohibition of the carnival during the last dictatorship. The Afroargentine Candombe is only played by the Afro-Argentines in the privacy of their homes, mainly located in the outskirts of Buenos Aires.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently, due to a change in strategy by the Afro-Argentines to move from concealment to visibility, there are increased efforts to perform it in public places, onstage and in street parades. Among the groups who play Afroargentine Candombe are: “Tambores del Litoral” (union of “Balikumba” from Santa Fe, and “Candombes del Litoral” from Parana, Entre Ríos), “Bakongo” (these, have their own web page), the “Comparsa Negros Argentinos” and "Grupo Bum Ke Bum (both from Asociación Misibamba). The latter two are in Gran Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires City and its surroundings). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1960s and early 1970s candombe was mixed with elements from 60s pop music and bossa nova to create a new genre called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe_beat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candombe beat (page does not exist)">candombe beat</a>. The origin of this genre was largely said to be the work of Eduardo Mateo, a Uruguayan singer, songwriter and musician together with other musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Galemire" title="Jorge Galemire">Jorge Galemire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This style was later adopted by <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Roos" title="Jaime Roos">Jaime Roos</a> and also heavily influenced <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Drexler" title="Jorge Drexler">Jorge Drexler</a>. Contemporary musicians like <a href="/wiki/Diego_Janssen" title="Diego Janssen">Diego Janssen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miguel_del_%C3%81guila" title="Miguel del Águila">Miguel del Aguila</a> are experimenting with fusing candombe with classical genres, jazz, blues and milonga.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments_and_musical_features">Instruments and musical features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Instruments and musical features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguayan_candombe">Uruguayan candombe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Uruguayan candombe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tambores-El-Power.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tambores-El-Power.jpg/220px-Tambores-El-Power.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tambores-El-Power.jpg/330px-Tambores-El-Power.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tambores-El-Power.jpg/440px-Tambores-El-Power.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Candombe drums in Uruguay</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG/220px-Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG/330px-Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG/440px-Colonia_del_Sacramento_art_in_Uruguay.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>Colonia del Sacramento art representing candombe characters in Uruguay</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12_candombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/12_candombe.jpg/220px-12_candombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/12_candombe.jpg/330px-12_candombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/12_candombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Painting of a crowd participating in a candombe</figcaption></figure> <p>Inscribed in 2009 on the Representative <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List</a>, the candombe is a source of pride and a symbol of the identity of communities of African descent in Montevideo, embraced by younger generations and favouring group cohesion, while expressing the communities’ needs and feelings with regard to their ancestors. </p><p>The music of <i>candombe</i> is performed by a group of drummers called a <b>cuerda</b>. The barrel-shaped drums, or <b><a href="/wiki/Tambores_de_candombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tambores de candombe">tamboriles</a></b>, have specific names according to their size and function: </p> <ul><li><b>chico</b>, small, high timbre, serving as the rhythmic pendulum</li> <li><b>repique</b>, medium, embellishes candombe's rhythm with improvised phrases</li> <li><b>piano</b>, largest size, its function similar to that of the upright or electric bass</li></ul> <p>An even larger drum, called <i>bajo</i> or <i>bombo</i> (very large, very low timbre, accent on the fourth beat), was once common but is now declining in use. A <i>cuerda</i> at a minimum needs three drummers, one on each part. A full cuerda will have 50–100 drummers, commonly with rows of seven or five drummers, mixing the three types of drums. A typical row of five can be piano-chico-repique-chico-piano, with the row behind having repique-chico-piano-chico-repique and so on to the last row. </p><p>Tamboriles are made of wood with animal skins that are rope-tuned or fire-tuned minutes before the performance. They are worn at the waist with the aid of a shoulder strap called a <i>talig</i> or <i>talí</i> and played with one stick and one hand. </p><p>A key rhythmic figure in <i>candombe</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> (in 3–2 form). It is played on the side of the drum, a procedure known as "<i>hacer madera</i>" (literally, "making wood"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Master_candombe_drummers">Master candombe drummers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Master candombe drummers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the most important and traditional Montevidean rhythms are: Cuareim, Ansina and Cordon. There are several master drummers who have kept Candombe alive uninterrupted for two hundred years. Some of highlights are: in Ansina school: Wáshington Ocampo, Héctor Suárez, Pedro "Perico" Gularte, Eduardo "Cacho" Giménez, Julio Giménez, Raúl "Pocho" Magariños, Rubén Quirós, Alfredo Ferreira, "Tito" Gradín, Raúl "Maga" Magariños, Luis "Mocambo" Quirós, Fernando "Hurón" Silva, Eduardo "Malumba" Gimenez, <a href="/wiki/Alvaro_Salas" title="Alvaro Salas">Alvaro Salas</a>, Daniel Gradín, Sergio Ortuño y José Luis Giménez.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentine_Candombe">Argentine Candombe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Argentine Candombe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afrolitoral.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Afrolitoral.jpeg/220px-Afrolitoral.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Afrolitoral.jpeg/330px-Afrolitoral.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Afrolitoral.jpeg/440px-Afrolitoral.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Tambores del Litoral—a group of Afro-litoraleño Argentine Candombe.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Afro-Argentine Candombe is played with two types of drums, played exclusively by men. Those drums are: “llamador” (also called "base", "tumba", "quinto" or "tumba base"), and "repicador" (also called "contestador", "repiqueteador" or "requinto"). The first is a bass drum, and the second is a sharp drum. There are two models of each of the drums: one made in hollowed trunk, and the other made with staves. </p><p>The first type are hung with a strap on the shoulder and are played in a street parade. The latter are higher than those, and played for granted. Both types of drums, are played only with both hands. Sometimes others drums are played: the "macú" and the "sopipa". Both are made from hollowed tree trunk, the first is performed lying on the floor, as it is the largest and deepest drum; and the "Sopipa" which is small and acute, is played hung on the shoulder or held between the knees. </p><p>Among the idiophones that always accompany the drums are the "taba" and "mazacalla", being able to add: the "quijada", the "quisanche", and the "<a href="/wiki/Chinesco" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinesco">chinesco</a>”. The Argentine Candombe is a vocal-instrumental practice, all the same to be played sitting or street parade. There is a large repertoire of songs in African languages archaic, in Spanish or in a combination of both. They are usually structured in the form of dialogue and are interpreted solo, responsorial, antiphonal or in group. Although singing is usually a feminine practice, men may be involved. Where there is more than one voice, they are always in unison. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uruguayan_Candombe_performance">Uruguayan Candombe performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uruguayan Candombe performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg/220px-Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg/330px-Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg/440px-Candombe-Figari-1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Figari" title="Pedro Figari">Pedro Figari</a> depicting <i>Candombe</i> dancers (oil on canvas 75×105 cm) Costantini Collection.</figcaption></figure> <p>A full <i>Candombe</i> group, collectively known as a <i><b>Comparsa Lubola</b></i> (composed of blackened white people, traditionally with burnt corks) or <i><b>Candombera</b></i> (composed of black people), constitutes the <i>cuerda</i>, a group of female dancers known as <a href="/wiki/Mulata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulata">mulatas</a>, and several stock characters, each with their own specific dances. The stock characters include: </p> <ul><li><b>La Mama Vieja</b>: the Old Mother.</li> <li><b>El Gramillero</b>: the Herb doctor. an ancient black man, dressed in top hat and frock coat, carrying a bag of herbs.</li> <li><b>El Escobero</b>: the Broomsman, He has to be an expert <i>candombero</i> and graceful dancer, who performs extraordinary feats and of <a href="/wiki/Toss_juggling" title="Toss juggling">juggling</a> and balance with his broom.</li></ul> <p>Candombe is performed regularly in the streets of old Montevideo's south neighbourhood in January and February, during Uruguay's Carnival period, and also in the rest of the country. All the <i>comparsas</i>, of which there are 80 or 90 in existence, participate in a massive Carnival parade called <i><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Llamadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Llamadas (page does not exist)">Las Llamadas</a> </b></i> ("calls") and vie with each other in official competitions in the <i>Teatro de Verano</i> theatre. During <a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Llamadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Llamadas (page does not exist)">Las Llamadas</a>, members of the comparsa often wear costumes that reflect the music's historical roots in the slave trade, such as sun hats and black face-paint. The monetary prizes are modest; more important aspects include enjoyment, the fostering of a sense of pride and the winning of respect from peers. Intense performances can cause damage to red blood cells, which manifests as <a href="/wiki/March_hemoglobinuria" class="mw-redirect" title="March hemoglobinuria">rust-colored urine</a> immediately after drumming.<sup id="cite_ref-Drumming2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drumming2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Uruguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Uruguayan">Afro-Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Argentine">Afro-Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Music of Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Uruguay" title="Culture of Uruguay">Culture of Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Music of Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Argentina" title="Culture of Argentina">Culture of Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Rada" title="Rubén Rada">Rubén Rada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Roos" title="Jaime Roos">Jaime Roos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Ingold" title="Mariana Ingold">Mariana Ingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Ferreira" title="Tina Ferreira">Tina Ferreira</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_Candombe-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Candombe_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/candombe-and-its-socio-cultural-space-a-community-practice-00182">"Candombe and Its Socio-Cultural Space: A Community Practice"</a>. <i>UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+Intangible+Cultural+Heritage&rft.atitle=Candombe+and+Its+Socio-Cultural+Space%3A+A+Community+Practice&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fen%2FRL%2Fcandombe-and-its-socio-cultural-space-a-community-practice-00182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrews, 1979, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collier44-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collier44_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collier44_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Collier et al., 1995. pp. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavigliano2018" class="citation book cs1">Savigliano, Marta (2018-02-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf_EDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Viejo+Tanguero%22&pg=PA149"><i>Tango And The Political Economy Of Passion</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-96555-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-96555-5"><bdi>978-0-429-96555-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tango+And+The+Political+Economy+Of+Passion&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.isbn=978-0-429-96555-5&rft.aulast=Savigliano&rft.aufirst=Marta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHf_EDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Viejo%2BTanguero%2522%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNouzeillesMontaldoMontaldoKirk2002" class="citation book cs1">Nouzeilles, Gabriela; Montaldo, Graciela; Montaldo, Graciela R.; Kirk, Robin; Starn, Orin (2002-12-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0_u5aLUT8YC&q=%22Viejo+Tanguero%22&pg=PA198"><i>The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics</i></a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2914-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2914-5"><bdi>978-0-8223-2914-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Argentina+Reader%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Politics&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2002-12-25&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2914-5&rft.aulast=Nouzeilles&rft.aufirst=Gabriela&rft.au=Montaldo%2C+Graciela&rft.au=Montaldo%2C+Graciela+R.&rft.au=Kirk%2C+Robin&rft.au=Starn%2C+Orin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0_u5aLUT8YC%26q%3D%2522Viejo%2BTanguero%2522%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2006" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Robert Farris (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bQRwDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Viejo+Tanguero%22&pg=PA360"><i>Tango: The Art History of Love</i></a>. Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-9579-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-9579-7"><bdi>978-1-4000-9579-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tango%3A+The+Art+History+of+Love&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-9579-7&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Farris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbQRwDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Viejo%2BTanguero%2522%26pg%3DPA360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, 2006, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320081759/http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2001/04/22/z-00801.htm">"The return of "exiled" Candombe/ El regreso del Candombe desterrado"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2001/04/22/z-00801.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+return+of+%22exiled%22+Candombe%2F+El+regreso+del+Candombe+desterrado.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fsuplementos%2Fzona%2F2001%2F04%2F22%2Fz-00801.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid_Andrews" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/George_Reid_Andrews" title="George Reid Andrews">Reid Andrews, George</a>. <i>Los afroargentinos de Buenos Aires. Aquí mismo y hace tiempo</i> (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/950-515-332-5" title="Special:BookSources/950-515-332-5"><bdi>950-515-332-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+afroargentinos+de+Buenos+Aires.+Aqu%C3%AD+mismo+y+hace+tiempo.&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Ediciones+de+la+Flor&rft.isbn=950-515-332-5&rft.aulast=Reid+Andrews&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOcoró_Luango2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ocoró Luango, Anny (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/53750">"Los negros y negras en la Argentina: entre la barbarie, la exotización, la invisibilización y el racismo de Estado"</a>. <i>La manzana de la discordia</i> (in Spanish). <b>5</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Universidad_del_Valle_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad del Valle (Colombia)">Universidad del Valle</a>: 48. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2500-6738">2500-6738</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+manzana+de+la+discordia&rft.atitle=Los+negros+y+negras+en+la+Argentina%3A+entre+la+barbarie%2C+la+exotizaci%C3%B3n%2C+la+invisibilizaci%C3%B3n+y+el+racismo+de+Estado&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=48&rft.date=2010-07&rft.issn=2500-6738&rft.aulast=Ocor%C3%B3+Luango&rft.aufirst=Anny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.unal.edu.co%2Fhandle%2Funal%2F53750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid_Andrews" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/George_Reid_Andrews" title="George Reid Andrews">Reid Andrews, George</a>. <i>Los afroargentinos de Buenos Aires. Aquí mismo y hace tiempo</i> (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/950-515-332-5" title="Special:BookSources/950-515-332-5"><bdi>950-515-332-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+afroargentinos+de+Buenos+Aires.+Aqu%C3%AD+mismo+y+hace+tiempo.&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Ediciones+de+la+Flor&rft.isbn=950-515-332-5&rft.aulast=Reid+Andrews&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neahoy.com/2022/01/06/corrientes-celebra-a-san-baltasar-el-santo-popular-que-hermana-diferentes-culturas/">"Corrientes celebra a San Baltasar, el santo popular que hermana diferentes culturas"</a>. <i>NEA Hoy</i> (in Spanish). 6 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NEA+Hoy&rft.atitle=Corrientes+celebra+a+San+Baltasar%2C+el+santo+popular+que+hermana+diferentes+culturas&rft.date=2022-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neahoy.com%2F2022%2F01%2F06%2Fcorrientes-celebra-a-san-baltasar-el-santo-popular-que-hermana-diferentes-culturas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson96-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thompson96_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, 2005. pp. 96–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collier et al, 1995. p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistaquilombo.com.ar/documentos/cirioargentina.pdf">From the dream of a European Argentina, to the reality of American Argentina: the assumption of African ethno-cultural component and its (our) musical heritage/ Del sueño de la Argentina blancaeuropea a la realidad de la Argentina americana: la asunción del componente étnico-cultural afro y su (nuestro) patrimonio musical.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706082327/http://www.revistaquilombo.com.ar/documentos/cirioargentina.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429034013/http://www.soundsandcolours.com/articles/uruguay/mateo-alone-licks-himself-well/">"Mateo Alone Licks Himself Well"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundsandcolours.com/articles/uruguay/mateo-alone-licks-himself-well/">the original</a> on 2015-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mateo+Alone+Licks+Himself+Well&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundsandcolours.com%2Farticles%2Furuguay%2Fmateo-alone-licks-himself-well%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brecha.com.uy/raspa-pega-enciende/">"Raspa, pega y enciende - Brecha digital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raspa%2C+pega+y+enciende+-+Brecha+digital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrecha.com.uy%2Fraspa-pega-enciende%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eumus.edu.uy/docentes/jure/perico/perico.html">Candombe's repique/Luis Jure University School of Music , Montevideo Uruguay.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929144457/http://www.eumus.edu.uy/docentes/jure/perico/perico.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drumming2008-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drumming2008_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobalOlascoagaMoreiraKurdian2008" class="citation journal cs1">Tobal D, Olascoaga A, Moreira G, Kurdian M, Sanchez F, Rosello M, Alallon W, Martinez FG, Noboa O (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440284">"Rust Urine after Intense Hand Drumming Is Caused by Extracorpuscular Hemolysis"</a>. <i>Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 1022–1027. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2215%2Fcjn.04491007">10.2215/cjn.04491007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440284">2440284</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18434617">18434617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Nephrology&rft.atitle=Rust+Urine+after+Intense+Hand+Drumming+Is+Caused+by+Extracorpuscular+Hemolysis&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1022-1027&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2440284%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18434617&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2215%2Fcjn.04491007&rft.aulast=Tobal&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Olascoaga%2C+A&rft.au=Moreira%2C+G&rft.au=Kurdian%2C+M&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+F&rft.au=Rosello%2C+M&rft.au=Alallon%2C+W&rft.au=Martinez%2C+FG&rft.au=Noboa%2C+O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2440284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandombe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Andrews, George Reid (1919). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/156406">Race versus Class Association: The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800–1900</a></i>. Journal of Latin American Studies, May 1979, Vol. 11, No. 1.</li> <li>Collier, Cooper, Azzi and Martin (1995). <i>Tango! The Dance, the Song, the Story</i>. Thames and Hudson, Ltd. pages 44, 45. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-01671-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-01671-8">978-0-500-01671-8</a></li> <li>Thompson, Robert Farris (2005). <i>Tango The Art History of Love</i>. Pantheon Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40931-8">978-0-375-40931-8</a></li> <li>Cirio, Norberto Pablo (2008). <i>Ausente con aviso. ¿Qué es la música afroargentina?</i>. In Federico Sammartino y Héctor Rubio (Eds.), <i>Músicas populares : Aproximaciones teóricas, metodológicas y analíticas en la musicología argentina</i>. Córdoba: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, pages 81–134 and 249–277.</li> <li>Cirio, Norberto Pablo (2011). <i>Hacia una definición de la cultura afroargentina</i>. In <i>Afrodescendencia. Aproximaciones contemporáneas de América Latina y el Caribe</i>. México: ONU, pages 23–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cinu.mx/AFRODESCENDENCIA.pdf">http://www.cinu.mx/AFRODESCENDENCIA.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818173431/http://www.cinu.mx/AFRODESCENDENCIA.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candombe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.candombe.com">Candombe (Dutch/English/French/Italian/Portuguese/Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://candombe.com.uy">candombe.com.uy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525185951/http://www.indooruruguay.com/en/tour/dinner-show-tango-milonga-candombe">Candombe and tango dinner show at Montevideo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1099258">Al rescate del candombe afroporteño</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uruguaynow.com/la_melaza_candombe.php">Uruguay gets a Female Beat (English)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity:_Music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template talk:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity:_Music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>: Music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aka_people#Music" title="Aka people">Aka polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_iso-polyphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian iso-polyphony">Albanian folk iso-polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqyn" title="Aqyn">Aqyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashiqs_of_Azerbaijan" title="Ashiqs of Azerbaijan">Ashiqs of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Azerbaijani tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul#Baul_music" title="Baul">Baul music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C4%87arac" title="Bećarac">Bećarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigwala" title="Bigwala">Bigwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyelgee" title="Biyelgee">Biyelgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistritsa_Babi" title="Bistritsa Babi">Bistritsa Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi#Bumba_meu_boi_in_Maranhão" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Beijing opera</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_Alentejano" title="Cante Alentejano">Cante Alentejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantu_a_tenore" title="Cantu a tenore">Cantu a tenore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_tr%C3%B9" title="Ca trù">Ca trù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremona_violins" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremona violins">Cremona violins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doina" title="Doina">Doina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshuva" title="Eshuva">Eshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujara" title="Fujara">Fujara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagok" title="Gagok">Gagok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_music" title="Garifuna music">Garifuna music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)#Traditional_vocal_polyphony" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgian vocal polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_of_gong_culture" title="Space of gong culture">Gong culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwo_ka" title="Gwo ka">Gwoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan%27ge" title="Shan'ge">Hua'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudhud_chants" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudhud chants">Hudhud chants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongmyo_jerye" title="Jongmyo jerye">Jongmyo Jereyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Maqam" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Maqam">Iraqi Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_scale" title="Istrian scale">Istrian scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgal_Laox" class="mw-redirect" title="Kgal Laox">Kgal Laox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">Khuumii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klapa" title="Klapa">Klapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koodiyattam" title="Koodiyattam">Koodiyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutar" title="Dutar">Khorasan Bakhshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_odori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumi odori">Kumi odori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo" title="Lhamo">Lhamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_song" title="Long song">Long song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshrep" title="Meshrep">Meshrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morin_khuur" title="Morin khuur">Morin khuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Nanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Nhã nhạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungmul" title="Pungmul">Nongak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojkanje" title="Ojkanje">Ojkanje singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori">Pansori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirekua" title="Pirekua">Pirekua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudud_Halabiya" title="Qudud Halabiya">Qudud Halabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radif_(music)" title="Radif (music)">Radif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setos" title="Setos">Seto Leelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashmaqam" title="Shashmaqam">Shashmaqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silbo_Gomero" title="Silbo Gomero">Silbo Gomero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slov%C3%A1cko_Verbu%C5%88k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovácko Verbuňk">Slovácko Verbuňk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Song of Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosso_Bala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosso Bala">Sosso Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Sutartinės" title="Music of Lithuania">Sutartinės</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1nch%C3%A1z" title="Táncház">Táncház</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Sibyl" title="The Song of the Sibyl">The Song of the Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumba_francesa" title="Tumba francesa">Tumba francesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Vedic chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang#Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang">Wayang kulit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_guyue" title="Xi'an guyue">Xi'an guyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoan_singing" title="Xoan singing">Xoan singing</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balafon_Jamie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gum-rubber mallets on a balafon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/80px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/120px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/160px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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