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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1819</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 176 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1819 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1819 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1819 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1819 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۱۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۱۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="১৮১৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮১৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_n%C3%AE" title="1819 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1819 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1819 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1819 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819." title="1819. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1819." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1819 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1819 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="۱۸۱۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۱۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%E5%B9%B4" title="1819年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1819年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1819-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1819-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%EB%85%84" title="1819년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1819년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१८१९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८१९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819." title="1819. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1819." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৮১৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮১৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1819-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1819-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೮೧೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೧೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1819 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1819 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1819 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1819 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1819-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1819-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1819 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1819 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B8" title="1819 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1819 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819._gads" title="1819. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1819. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1819 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1819 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_m." title="1819 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1819 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१८१९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८१९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १८१९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८१९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="۱۸۱۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۱۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1819 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1819 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1819 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1819 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%81%E1%81%89" title="၁၈၁၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၁၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="ई सं १८१९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८१९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%E5%B9%B4" title="1819年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1819年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1819 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1819 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୮୧୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୧୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१८१९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८१९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1819" title="Joohr 1819 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1819" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1819 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1819 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१८१९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८१९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%D8%B9" title="1819ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1819ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A1%D9%A9" title="١٨١٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨١٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819." title="1819. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1819." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1819 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1819 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2362" title="พ.ศ. 2362 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2362" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1819" title="Соли 1819 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1819" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%D8%A1" title="1819ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1819ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%E5%B9%B4" title="1819年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1819年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819%E5%B9%B4" title="1819年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1819年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819" title="1819 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1819" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221819%22">"1819"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221819%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221819%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221819%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221819%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221819%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span><span 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1790s" title="1790s">1790s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800s_(decade)" title="1800s (decade)">1800s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1816" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1816">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1817" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1817">1817</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1818" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1818">1818</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1819" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1819">1819</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1820" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1820">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1821" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1821">1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1822" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1822">1822</a></li></ul></td> 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg/250px-Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg/330px-Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg/500px-Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a>: General <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Bolivar">Simon Bolivar</a> leads Colombian nationalists to victory over Spain in the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Battle of Boyacá">Battle of Boyacá</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1819" title="Category:1819">1819 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_archaeology" title="1819 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_architecture" title="1819 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_art" title="1819 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_literature" title="1819 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_poetry" title="1819 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_music" title="1819 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Australia" title="1819 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Brazil" title="1819 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Canada" title="1819 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Denmark" title="1819 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_France" title="1819 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Germany" title="1819 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_New_Zealand" title="1819 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Norway" title="1819 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_South_Africa" title="1819 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_Sweden" title="1819 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1819 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_the_United_States" title="1819 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_rail_transport" title="1819 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_science" title="1819 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_sports" title="1819 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1819" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1819">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_in_law" title="Category:1819 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_births" title="Category:1819 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_deaths" title="Category:1819 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_establishments" title="Category:1819 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_disestablishments" title="Category:1819 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_works" title="Category:1819 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1819 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1819<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2572</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1268<br />ԹՎ ՌՄԿԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6569</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1740–1741</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1225–1226</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2769</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>59 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a> – 60 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2363</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1181</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7327–7328</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊寅</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />4516 or 4309<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己卯年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />4517 or 4310</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1535–1536</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2985</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1811–1812</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5579–5580</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1875–1876</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1740–1741</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4919–4920</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11819</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>819–820</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1197–1198</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1234–1235</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bunsei" title="Bunsei">Bunsei</a> 2<br />(文政２年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1746–1747</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4152</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>93 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前93年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>351</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2361–2362</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土虎年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />1945 or 1564 or 792<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土兔年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />1946 or 1565 or 793</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1819" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1819">1819</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterloo_Massacre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Peterloo_Massacre.png/250px-Peterloo_Massacre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Peterloo_Massacre.png/330px-Peterloo_Massacre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Peterloo_Massacre.png/500px-Peterloo_Massacre.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a>: At least 600 people are injured, 15 of them fatally, in the <a href="/wiki/Peterloo_Massacre" title="Peterloo Massacre">Peterloo Massacre</a> of protesters in England.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1819</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1819th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 819th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 19th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a> decade. As of the start of 1819, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1819" title="Panic of 1819">Panic of 1819</a>, the first major peacetime <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">financial crisis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a> lands on the island of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College_v._Woodward" title="Dartmouth College v. Woodward">Dartmouth College v. Woodward</a></i>: The Supreme Court of the United States under <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> rules in favor of <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1819_Singapore_Treaty" title="1819 Singapore Treaty">Treaty of Singapore</a>, is signed between <a href="/wiki/Hussein_Shah_of_Johor" title="Hussein Shah of Johor">Hussein Shah of Johor</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a> of Britain, to create a trading settlement in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> agrees to the <a href="/wiki/Tallmadge_Amendment" title="Tallmadge Amendment">Tallmadge Amendment</a>, barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">William Smith</a> of British merchant <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a> <i>Williams</i> sights <a href="/wiki/Williams_Point" title="Williams Point">Williams Point</a>, the northeast extremity of <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Island" title="Livingston Island">Livingston Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetlands</a>, the first land discovered south of <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> 60° S.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a>: Spain cedes <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> to the United States, in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> that it might have from the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>, and $5 million.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – The U.S. naval vessel <a href="/wiki/USS_Columbus_(1819)" title="USS Columbus (1819)">USS <i>Columbus</i></a> is launched on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i>: The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> rules that the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Bank of the United States</a> is constitutional.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Arcade" title="Burlington Arcade">Burlington Arcade</a> opens in London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Baden">Duchy of Baden</a>, German dramatist <a href="/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue" title="August von Kotzebue">August von Kotzebue</a> is assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Sand" title="Karl Ludwig Sand">Karl Ludwig Sand</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – The French <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ship</a> <i>Le Rodeur</i> sails from <a href="/wiki/Bonny,_Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonny, Rivers">Bonny</a> in West Africa to <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> in the West Indies. In the course of the transatlantic voyage many onboard become blind, and 30 <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a> are thrown overboard as a consequence.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> (N.S.) (<a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> O.S.) – The <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Governorate of Livonia</a> of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants from <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/SS_Savannah" title="SS Savannah">SS <i>Savannah</i></a> leaves port at <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>, on a voyage to become the first <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> to cross the Atlantic Ocean, although only a fraction of the trip will be made under steam. The ship arrives at <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England, nearly a month later, on <a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquake" title="1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake">Rann of Kutch earthquake</a>, estimated at at least 7.7 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000016-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a> kills at least 1,543 people in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in what is now the state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, causing an 80–150 km (50–93 mi) stretch of land to be raised as much as 6 m (20 ft) and creating a natural dam, the Allahbund.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – German astronomer <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Tralles" title="Johann Georg Tralles">Johann Georg Tralles</a> discovers what will be called the <a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1819" title="Great Comet of 1819">Great Comet of 1819</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – Explorer <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Parry (explorer)">William Parry</a>, sailing in the Arctic in a quest for the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> through North America, guides the ships <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> through an iceberg-laden passage that will later be named the <a href="/wiki/Parry_Channel" title="Parry Channel">Parry Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lord_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a> to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George, Prince of Wales</a>, the regent for his ailing father King George III. Despite reports that <a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Princess Caroline</a> is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Edwardsville,_Illinois" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville, Illinois</a>, the United States concludes a treaty with the <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo tribe</a>, receiving their lands in return for their relocation to Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Hep-Hep_riots" title="Hep-Hep riots">Hep-Hep riots</a>, communal <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> against <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> in the German Federation begin at <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a> in Bavaria. They continue until October with many Jews killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norwich_University" title="Norwich University">Norwich University</a> is founded by Captain <a href="/wiki/Alden_Partridge" title="Alden Partridge">Alden Partridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> as the first private military school in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Battle of Boyacá">Battle of Boyacá</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> is victorious over the Royalist Army in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Spanish rule</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peterloo_Massacre" title="Peterloo Massacre">Peterloo Massacre</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">yeomanry</a> unit charges into a crowd of <a href="/wiki/Radicals_(UK)" title="Radicals (UK)">radical</a> protesters in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Salon_of_1819" title="Salon of 1819">Salon of 1819</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Amongst the exhibits is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Raft_of_the_Medusa" title="The Raft of the Medusa">The Raft of the Medusa</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1819_Balloon_riot" title="1819 Balloon riot">Balloon Riot</a> occurs in the U.S. at Vauxhall Garden in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> after guards beat a boy unconscious when he attempts to avoid buying a ticket. Crowds break down the fence and rip the <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon" title="Hot air balloon">hot air balloon</a> to pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Decrees" title="Carlsbad Decrees">Carlsbad Decrees</a> are issued throughout the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> in response to the March assassination of <a href="/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue" title="August von Kotzebue">August von Kotzebue</a>, suppressing liberal and nationalist views.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – A treaty is entered between the Raja of Cutch <a href="/wiki/Deshalji_II" title="Deshalji II">Deshalji II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, placing the <a href="/wiki/Cutch_State" title="Cutch State">Cutch State</a> under Company rule.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Desolation_Island_(South_Shetland_Islands)" title="Desolation Island (South Shetland Islands)">Desolation Island</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetland Islands</a> of the Antarctic, is discovered by Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">William Smith</a>.</li> <li>October – The <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAi_Noa" title="ʻAi Noa">ʻAi Noa</a> Movement takes power in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bagyidaw" title="Bagyidaw">Bagyidaw</a> is crowned as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Burmese_monarchs" title="List of Burmese monarchs">Emperor of Burma</a>, at the imperial capital of <a href="/wiki/Inwa" title="Inwa">Inwa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/USS_Congress_(1799)" title="USS Congress (1799)">USS <i>Congress</i></a>, commanded by Captain <a href="/wiki/John_D._Henley" title="John D. Henley">John D. Henley</a>, becomes the first American warship to visit <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, landing at <a href="/wiki/Nei_Lingding_Island" title="Nei Lingding Island">Lintin Island</a>, off of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a></i>, one of the world's great art galleries, opens in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, it has only 311 significant paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">British expeditionary force</a> reaches <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, preparatory to the bombardment and invasion of the town, which led to the signing of the <a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">General Maritime Treaty of 1820</a> between the British and what were to become known as the <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> is admitted as the 22nd <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Gran_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Gran Colombia">Republic of Gran Colombia</a> is formally established, with <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> as its first president.</li> <li>The new <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Observatory_of_Capodimonte" title="Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte">astronomical observatory of Capodimonte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> starts operating. The astronomer Carlo Brioschi made the first observation by measuring the position of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cassiopeiae" title="Alpha Cassiopeiae">⍺ Cassiopeiae</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Denis Johnson invents the <a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">kick scooter</a>.</li> <li>The city of Fernandina de Jagua (later <a href="/wiki/Cienfuegos" title="Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</a>) is founded in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.</li> <li>A British Arctic expedition under <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Parry (explorer)">William Parry</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a>, reaches <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> 112°51' W in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a>, the furthest west which will be attained by any single-season voyage for 150 years.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol" title="African Slave Trade Patrol">African Slave Trade Patrol</a> is founded to stop the slave trade on the coast of West Africa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Ruskin_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/John_Ruskin_1863.jpg/120px-John_Ruskin_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/John_Ruskin_1863.jpg/250px-John_Ruskin_1863.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/110px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/165px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/220px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2729" data-file-height="3851" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg/110px-Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg/165px-Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg/220px-Jacques_Offenbach_by_Nadar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2501" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hugh_Clough" title="Arthur Hugh Clough">Arthur Hugh Clough</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Verazzi" title="Baldassare Verazzi">Baldassare Verazzi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theresa_Pulszky" title="Theresa Pulszky">Theresa Pulszky</a>, European author (d. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Powell_Frith" title="William Powell Frith">William Powell Frith</a>, English painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidonija_Rubido" title="Sidonija Rubido">Sidonija Rubido</a>, Croatian singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, English writer, artist, and social critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Parkman_Tuckerman" title="Samuel Parkman Tuckerman">Samuel Parkman Tuckerman</a>, American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Latham_Sholes" title="Christopher Latham Sholes">Christopher Latham Sholes</a>, American inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Escher" title="Alfred Escher">Alfred Escher</a>, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell</a>, American poet, essayist (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">Gustave de Molinari</a>, Belgian economist (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erik_Edlund" title="Erik Edlund">Erik Edlund</a>, Swedish physicist, meteorologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_Otto-Peters" title="Louise Otto-Peters">Louise Otto-Peters</a>, German women's rights movement activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chlodwig,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst" title="Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst">Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany#Under_the_Emperor_(1871–1918)" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria II of Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hall%C3%A9" title="Charles Hallé">Charles Hallé</a>, German pianist, conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_de_C%C3%A9spedes" title="Carlos Manuel de Céspedes">Carlos Manuel de Céspedes</a>, Cuban revolutionary hero (d. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Supp%C3%A9" title="Franz von Suppé">Franz von Suppé</a>, Austrian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Edward Stafford</a>, Scottish-New Zealand educator and politician, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Abbot" title="Ezra Abbot">Ezra Abbot</a>, American Biblical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Stanisław Moniuszko</a>, Polish composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> of the United Kingdom (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_V_of_Hanover" title="George V of Hanover">George V of Hanover</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, American poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Worrall_Mayo" title="William Worrall Mayo">William Worrall Mayo</a>, English-American physician, chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a>, English astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Charles Kingsley</a>, English clergyman, historian, and novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a>, German-born French composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_B%C4%83lcescu" title="Nicolae Bălcescu">Nicolae Bălcescu</a>, Wallachian revolutionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_von_Lenbach_-_Clara_Schumann_(Pastell_1878).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Franz_von_Lenbach_-_Clara_Schumann_%28Pastell_1878%29.jpg/120px-Franz_von_Lenbach_-_Clara_Schumann_%28Pastell_1878%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Franz_von_Lenbach_-_Clara_Schumann_%28Pastell_1878%29.jpg/250px-Franz_von_Lenbach_-_Clara_Schumann_%28Pastell_1878%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foucault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Foucault.jpg/120px-Foucault.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Foucault.jpg/250px-Foucault.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault" title="Léon Foucault">Léon Foucault</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurzbio_fontane05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kurzbio_fontane05.jpg/120px-Kurzbio_fontane05.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kurzbio_fontane05.jpg/165px-Kurzbio_fontane05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Kurzbio_fontane05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fontane" title="Theodor Fontane">Theodor Fontane</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Leopold_McClintock" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Leopold McClintock">Francis Leopold McClintock</a>, Irish explorer and admiral in British Royal Navy (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a>, American inventor, <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machine</a> pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Keller" title="Gottfried Keller">Gottfried Keller</a>, Swiss writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Holland" title="Justin Holland">Justin Holland</a>, American musician, civil rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dadd" title="Richard Dadd">Richard Dadd</a>, British painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>, American novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Ion Emanuel Florescu</a>, Romanian general and politician, two-time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Green_Morton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomas Green Morton">William Thomas Green Morton</a>, American dentist who first administered <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">ether</a> (d.<a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Gabriel_Stokes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gabriel Stokes">George Gabriel Stokes</a>, Irish mathematician, physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a>, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Allan Pinkerton</a>, American detective (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, Prince Consort to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dudley_Bailey" title="Lawrence Dudley Bailey">Lawrence Dudley Bailey</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> and jurist who served on the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Supreme_Court" title="Kansas Supreme Court">Kansas Supreme Court</a> from 1861 to 1869 (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a>, German composer, pianist (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a>, 1st President of the South African Republic (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault" title="Léon Foucault">Léon Foucault</a>, French physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Théodore Chassériau</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wattenbach" title="Wilhelm Wattenbach">Wilhelm Wattenbach</a>, German historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Fizeau" title="Hippolyte Fizeau">Hippolyte Fizeau</a>, French physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Watkin" title="Edward Watkin">Edward Watkin</a>, English railway pioneer, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Narc%C3%ADs_Monturiol" title="Narcís Monturiol">Narcís Monturiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a> intellectual, artist and engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9onie_Rivi%C3%A8re_Mignot" title="Théonie Rivière Mignot">Théonie Rivière Mignot</a>, American restaurateur and businesswoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austin_F._Pike" title="Austin F. Pike">Austin F. Pike</a>, American politician from New Hampshire (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a>, Persian founder of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábi Faith</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Raymond_Perry_Rodgers" title="Christopher Raymond Perry Rodgers">Christopher Raymond Perry Rodgers</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Annibale_de_Gasparis" title="Annibale de Gasparis">Annibale de Gasparis</a>, Italian astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>, British novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cummings_Howell" title="John Cummings Howell">John Cummings Howell</a>, United States Navy admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felice_Orsini" title="Felice Orsini">Felice Orsini</a>, Italian revolutionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Siegmund_Franz_Cred%C3%A9" title="Carl Siegmund Franz Credé">Carl Siegmund Franz Credé</a>, German gynecologist, obstetrician (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fontane" title="Theodor Fontane">Theodor Fontane</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">Alexandru G. Golescu</a>, 11th Prime Minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Richardson_Jones" title="Mary Jane Richardson Jones">Mary Jane Richardson Jones</a>, American abolitionist and suffragist (d. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamehameha_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kamehameha_I.png/120px-Kamehameha_I.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kamehameha_I.png/250px-Kamehameha_I.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="2808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Catherine Pavlovna of Russia">Catherine Pavlovna of Russia</a>, Queen of Württemberg (b. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benedikte_Naubert" title="Benedikte Naubert">Benedikte Naubert</a>, German writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Beata_Bunge" title="Elsa Beata Bunge">Elsa Beata Bunge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish people">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Constantine_Jennings" title="Henry Constantine Jennings">Henry Constantine Jennings</a>, British collector, gambler (b. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Manoel_de_Nascimento" title="Francisco Manoel de Nascimento">Francisco Manoel de Nascimento</a>, Portuguese poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nonosabasut" title="Nonosabasut">Nonosabasut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beothuk" title="Beothuk">Beothuk</a> (indigenous Canadian) leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi" title="Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi">Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi</a>, German philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Evans" title="Oliver Evans">Oliver Evans</a>, American inventor, engineer and businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a>, King of Hawaii (b. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williamson" title="Hugh Williamson">Hugh Williamson</a>, American Founding Father (b. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Hiller" title="Johann von Hiller">Johann von Hiller</a>, Austrian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Barclay_(MP)" title="George Barclay (MP)">George Barclay</a>, English politician (b.<a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Antonia_Santos_Plata" title="María Antonia Santos Plata">María Antonia Santos Plata</a>, Neogranadine rebel leader, heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Oliver_Hazard_Perry,_1818.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Portrait_of_Oliver_Hazard_Perry%2C_1818.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_Oliver_Hazard_Perry%2C_1818.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Portrait_of_Oliver_Hazard_Perry%2C_1818.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_Oliver_Hazard_Perry%2C_1818.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg/110px-Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg/165px-Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg/220px-Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Public_Universal_Friend" title="Public Universal Friend">Public Universal Friend</a>, American preacher (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Blanchard" title="Sophie Blanchard">Sophie Blanchard</a>, French aeronaut (b. <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">John Playfair</a>, Scottish scientist, mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(Congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Leonard (Congressman)">George Leonard</a>, American lawyer, jurist and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kn%C3%A9facz" title="Simon Knéfacz">Simon Knéfacz</a>, Croatian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Faucheraud_Grimk%C3%A9" title="John Faucheraud Grimké">John Faucheraud Grimké</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_(judge)" title="William Lewis (judge)">William Lewis</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haim_Farhi" title="Haim Farhi">Haim Farhi</a>, Jewish adviser to the Ottoman Empire (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1760" title="1760">1760</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a>, American naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a>, Scottish inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher</a>, Prussian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a>, American Founding Father (b. <a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Faria" title="Abbé Faria">Abbé Faria</a>, Luso-Goan hypnotist (b. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy</a>, King of Sardinia (b. <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Johnson" title="William Samuel Johnson">William Samuel Johnson</a>, American Founding Father (b. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Concubine_Chun" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Concubine Chun">Imperial Concubine Chun</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jiaqing_Emperor" title="Jiaqing Emperor">Jiaqing Emperor</a> of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Johnson (jurist)">Thomas Johnson</a>, American politician and jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Caleb Strong</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Snyder" title="Simon Snyder">Simon Snyder</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tormasov" title="Alexander Tormasov">Alexander Tormasov</a>, Russian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Leopold_zu_Stolberg-Stolberg" title="Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg">Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rutherford" title="Daniel Rutherford">Daniel Rutherford</a>, Scottish physician, chemist and botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1749" title="1749">1749</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Finch_(MP)" title="Charles Finch (MP)">Charles Finch (MP)</a>, British politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fremantle_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Thomas Fremantle (Royal Navy officer)">Thomas Fremantle</a>, English naval officer, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1765" title="1765">1765</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Latimer (senator)">Henry Latimer (senator)</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Osorio" title="Mariano Osorio">Mariano Osorio</a>, Governor of Chile (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Branicki" title="Franciszek Ksawery Branicki">Franciszek Ksawery Branicki</a>, Polish nobleman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m9wlAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA284">"Western Africa"</a>. <i>The Missionary Register</i>. <b>9</b>. London: <a href="/wiki/Church_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a>: <span class="nowrap">284–</span>5. July 1821.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Missionary+Register&rft.atitle=Western+Africa&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E284-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=1821-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm9wlAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1819" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dometa Wiegand Brothers, <i>The Romantic Imagination and Astronomy: On All Sides Infinity</i> (Springer, 2015) p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clements R. Markham, <i>The Lands of Silence: A History of Arctic and Antarctic Exploration</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saul David, <i>Prince of Pleasure: The Prince of Wales and the Making of the Regency</i> (Grove Press, 2000) p. 388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arrell M. Gibson, <i>Kickapoos: Lords of the Middle Border</i> (University of Oklahoma Press, 1975) p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJackson1933" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Joseph (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/download/28291/28047/0">"Vauxhall Garden"</a>. <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>LVII</b> (4): 294<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=Vauxhall+Garden&rft.volume=LVII&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=294&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.psu.edu%2Fpmhb%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F28291%2F28047%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1819" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Burgess, <i>The Chronology of Modern India</i>, p. 313, Edinburgh, 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George B. Clark, <i>Treading Softly: U.S. Marines in China, 1819-1949</i> (Greenwood, 2001) p1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Museums and their precursors: a brief survey", in <i>Manual of Curatorship: A Guide to Museum Practice</i>, ed. by John M. A. Thompson (Routledge, 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Leonard Mack, <i>My Life, My Country, My World</i> (Dorrance Publishing, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Journal of a Voyage to Discover a North-west Passage</i>. 1821.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_E._Miller" title="James E. Miller">Miller, James E.</a> <i>Walt Whitman</i>. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. 1962. Page 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=James+Watt+%7C+Biography%2C+Inventions%2C+Steam+Engine%2C+Significance%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJames-Watt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1819" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1819&oldid=1283870864">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1819&oldid=1283870864</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819" title="Category:1819">1819</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2015">Articles needing additional references from November 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2021">Use mdy dates from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mw_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale">Articles using Mw magnitude scale</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 April 2025, at 04:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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