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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Svobodny, Amur Oblast</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سفوبودني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفوبودني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C4%B1_(%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Svobodnı (şəhər) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Svobodnı (şəhər)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سووبودنی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سووبودنی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny_(Amur_Chiu)" title="Svobodny (Amur Chiu) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Svobodny (Amur Chiu)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_(%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Свободный (ҡала) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Свободный (ҡала)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Свабодны (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свабодны (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Свободни (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свободни (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodni_(Amur)" title="Svobodni (Amur) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Svobodni (Amur)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyy_(lungsod_sa_Rusya,_Amurskaya_Oblast%27)" title="Svobodnyy (lungsod sa Rusya, Amurskaya Oblast') – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Svobodnyy (lungsod sa Rusya, Amurskaya Oblast')" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyj_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Svobodnyj (město) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svobodnyj (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swobodny" title="Swobodny – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Swobodny" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C3%B5i" title="Svobodnõi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Svobodnõi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodni_(Amur)" title="Svobodni (Amur) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Svobodni (Amur)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnij" title="Svobodnij – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Svobodnij" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سووبودنی، استان آمور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سووبودنی، استان آمور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny_(oblast_de_l%27Amour)" title="Svobodny (oblast de l'Amour) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svobodny (oblast de l'Amour)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%B4%EB%B3%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88" title="스보보드니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스보보드니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swobodnyj" title="Swobodnyj – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swobodnyj" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Свободный (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Свободный (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyj" title="Svobodnyj – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Svobodnyj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99" title="סבובודני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סבובודני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodni_(oblast_de_Amur)" title="Svobodni (oblast de Amur) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Svobodni (oblast de Amur)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnija" title="Svobodnija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svobodnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnas" title="Svobodnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Svobodnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szvobodnij_(Amuri_ter%C3%BClet)" title="Szvobodnij (Amuri terület) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szvobodnij (Amuri terület)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Свободни (град) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Свободни (град)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny_(oblast_Amoer)" title="Svobodny (oblast Amoer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Svobodny (oblast Amoer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A4" title="スヴォボードヌイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スヴォボードヌイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Свободни (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Свободни (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyj" title="Svobodnyj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svobodnyj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyj_i_Amur_oblast" title="Svobodnyj i Amur oblast – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svobodnyj i Amur oblast" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سووبودنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سووبودنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swobodny" title="Swobodny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Swobodny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C4%B1y" title="Svobodnıy – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Svobodnıy" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C3%AEi" title="Svobodnîi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Svobodnîi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Свободный (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свободный (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast" title="Svobodny, Amur Oblast – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Svobodny, Amur Oblast" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyj_(Amursk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)" title="Svobodnyj (Amurská oblasť) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svobodnyj (Amurská oblasť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Свободни – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свободни" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnyj" title="Svobodnyj – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svobodnyj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast" title="Svobodny, Amur Oblast – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Svobodny, Amur Oblast" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Свободный (шәһәр) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Свободный (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA)" title="Свободний (шаҳрак) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Свободний (шаҳрак)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodni_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Svobodni (şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Svobodni (şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Свободний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свободний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سووبودنی، آمور اوبلاست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سووبودنی، آمور اوبلاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodnii_(Amuran_agj)" title="Svobodnii (Amuran agj) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Svobodnii (Amuran agj)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny,_t%E1%BB%89nh_Amur" title="Svobodny, tỉnh Amur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Svobodny, tỉnh Amur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast" title="Svobodny, Amur Oblast – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Svobodny, Amur Oblast" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%83%E5%8D%9A%E5%BE%B7%E5%86%85" title="斯沃博德内 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯沃博德内" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&params=51_24_N_128_06_E_type:city(58778)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">128°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.400°N 128.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.400; 128.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Amur Oblast, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_(inhabited_locality)" title="Svobodny (inhabited locality)">Svobodny (inhabited locality)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Amur Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Svobodny</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Свободный</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">Town</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Railway college in Svobodny"><img alt="Railway college in Svobodny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg/250px-Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg/375px-Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg/500px-Railway_college_in_Svobodny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Railway college in Svobodny</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Svobodny_(Amur_oblast).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Svobodny"><img alt="Flag of Svobodny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_(Amur_oblast).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Svobodny"><img alt="Coat of arms of Svobodny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.png/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.png/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.png/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Svobodny_%28Amur_oblast%29.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="241" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Svobodny</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_64bf65994c39a8cc211a582aec5eacff6aa0a2b8"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Svobodny%2C_Amur_Oblast&revid=1253196718&groups=_64bf65994c39a8cc211a582aec5eacff6aa0a2b8" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Svobodny%2C_Amur_Oblast&revid=1253196718&groups=_64bf65994c39a8cc211a582aec5eacff6aa0a2b8 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svobodny is located in Russia"><img alt="Svobodny is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.999%;left:73.145%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Svobodny"><img alt="Svobodny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Svobodny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Svobodny</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svobodny is located in Amur Oblast"><img alt="Svobodny is located in Amur Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Amur_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.987%;left:55.158%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Svobodny"><img alt="Svobodny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Svobodny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Svobodny (Amur Oblast)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Amur Oblast</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&params=51_24_N_128_06_E_type:city(58778)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">128°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.400°N 128.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.400; 128.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1912<sup id="cite_ref-Pospelov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pospelov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">190 m (620 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">58,778</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">281st</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Svobodny Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Svobodny Urban Okrug,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Svobodnensky_District" title="Svobodnensky District">Svobodnensky District</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ref513_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref513-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Svobodny Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref458_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref458-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Svobodny Urban Okrug,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref458_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref458-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svobodnensky Municipal District<sup id="cite_ref-Ref513_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref513-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B9" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+9">UTC+9</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yakutsk_Time" title="Yakutsk Time">MSK+6</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6886?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">676450</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 41643</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">10730000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svobnews.amur.ru">www<wbr />.svobnews<wbr />.amur<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Svobodny</b> (Russian: <span lang="ru">Свободный</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">town</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur Oblast</a>, Russia, located on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Zeya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeya River">Zeya River</a>, 167 kilometers (104 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a>. Population: <span class="nowrap">58,778 (<a href="/wiki/2010_Russian_census" title="2010 Russian census">2010 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 63,889 (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2002)">2002 Census</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-2002Census_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002Census-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">80,006 (<a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 Soviet census</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1989_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1989-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was founded in 1912 in conjunction with the construction of the Amur Railway<sup id="cite_ref-Pospelov_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pospelov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a>'s "bypass" route, which was to provide a railway connection from European Russia to the Pacific entirely over the Russian soil, without <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Eastern_Railway" title="Chinese Eastern Railway">crossing the north-eastern China</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>). It was originally named <i>Alexeyevsk</i> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Алексеевск</span></span>), in honor of the then <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Nikolaevich,_Tsarevich_of_Russia" title="Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia">crown prince Alexey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pospelov_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pospelov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1917, the town was renamed Svobodny,<sup id="cite_ref-Pospelov_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pospelov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian for "free". </p><p>During the chaos of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, the Russian Far East became a base for several Korean militias and political groups opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonization_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese colonization of Korea">Japanese colonization of Korea</a>. They moved into Svobodny in early 1921, but in the summer factional disputes within the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Communist_Party" title="Korean Communist Party">Korean Communist Party</a> and the wider Korean nationalist movement broke out into open warfare, the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_Incident" title="Free City Incident">Free City Incident</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> besieged and then destroyed the town, securing victory for its preferred faction.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Stalin_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin era">Stalin era</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BAMLag" class="mw-redirect" title="BAMLag">BAMLag</a> forced <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labor camp</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> was built in Svobodny, with the intention of providing <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor">forced labor</a> for the planned construction of the <a href="/wiki/Baikal-Amur_Mainline" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikal-Amur Mainline">Baikal-Amur Mainline</a>. The camp became one of the largest in Gulag system; its peak headcount was about 201,000 (1938). In 1938 it was dismantled into several camps.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, Svodobny serves as the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Svobodnensky_District" title="Svobodnensky District">Svobodnensky District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref513_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref513-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though it is not a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Svobodny <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">Urban Okrug</a>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Amur_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Amur Oblast">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref7_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref458_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref458-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is home to factories producing machinery and furniture, as well as the administrative center for mining operations in the region, including the gold mining concern <i>Amurzoloto</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is an important transportation hub for both rail and river traffic, with two railway stations on the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a> including rolling-stock repair facilities, and a river port on the <a href="/wiki/Zeya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeya River">Zeya</a>. </p><p>It is served by the <a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Airport" title="Svobodny Airport">Svobodny Airport</a> and is near the <a href="/wiki/Orlovka_(air_base)" title="Orlovka (air base)">Orlovka</a> interceptor air base and other locations maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is located on the right bank of the Zeya River, 167 kilometers (104 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a>, the administrative center of the oblast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svobodny has a <a href="/wiki/Warm-summer_humid_continental_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm-summer humid continental climate">warm-summer humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Dwb</i>) with bitterly cold, very dry winters and very warm, wet summers. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Svobodny (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1939-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(107.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.0<br />(107.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.4<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.6<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.4<br />(−11.9) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.3<br />(−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.7<br />(7.3) </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.8<br />(−10.8) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(31.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.9<br />(−21.8) </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.2<br />(−15.2) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.5<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.1<br />(−2.4) </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.8<br />(−19.8) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−6.8<br />(19.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−50.0<br />(−58.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−45.0<br />(−49.0) </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.0<br />(−40.0) </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.4<br />(−10.1) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.8<br />(10.8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.5<br />(−13.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−52.1<br />(−61.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−47.2<br />(−53.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−52.1<br />(−61.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(0.27) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(0.43) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(1.06) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.8<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #28FF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.8<br />(5.66) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.3<br />(4.50) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0<br />(2.60) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(1.23) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(0.66) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(0.38) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">578.9<br />(22.79) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is the birthplace of the movie director <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Gaidai" title="Leonid Gaidai">Leonid Gaidai</a>, whose memorial was unveiled in September 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref7-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref7_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #127-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pospelov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pospelov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pospelov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pospelov_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pospelov_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pospelov_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pospelov, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref513-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref513_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref513_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref513_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #31-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref458-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref458_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref458_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref458_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #402-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostalCode-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostalCode_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (<i>Russian Post</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department">Поиск объектов почтовой связи</a> (<i>Postal Objects Search</i>) <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2002Census-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2002Census_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1989-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1989_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php"><bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров</bdi></a> [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. <bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]</bdi> (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1989+%D0%B3.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%5BInstitute+of+Demography+at+the+National+Research+University%3A+Higher+School+of+Economics%5D&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus89_reg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScalpinoLee1960" class="citation journal cs1">Scalpino, Robert A.; <a href="/wiki/Chong-Sik_Lee" title="Chong-Sik Lee">Lee, Chong-Sik</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2050069">"The Origins of the Korean Communist Movement (I)"</a>. <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 25–28. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2050069">2050069</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2024</span> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+the+Korean+Communist+Movement+%28I%29&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-28&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2050069%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Scalpino&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chong-Sik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2050069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKho1987" class="citation book cs1">Kho, Songmoo (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/store/article/view/51627/16007">"I. History of Movement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/store/issue/view/3445"><i>Koreans in Soviet Central Asia</i></a>. Studia Orientalia. Vol. 61. Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society. pp. 38–39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-3282">0039-3282</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=I.+History+of+Movement&rft.btitle=Koreans+in+Soviet+Central+Asia&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.series=Studia+Orientalia&rft.pages=38-39&rft.pub=Finnish+Oriental+Society&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0039-3282&rft.aulast=Kho&rft.aufirst=Songmoo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.fi%2Fstore%2Farticle%2Fview%2F51627%2F16007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memo.ru/history/NKVD/GULAG/r3/r3-21.htm">"Байкало-Амурский исправительно-трудовой лагерь"</a> [Baikal-Amur forced labor camp] (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memo.ru%2Fhistory%2FNKVD%2FGULAG%2Fr3%2Fr3-21.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/31445.htm">"pogodaiklimat.ru"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=pogodaiklimat.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F31445.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvobodny%2C+Amur+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svobodny,_Amur_Oblast&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Амурский областной Совет народных депутатов. Закон №127-ОЗ от 23 декабря 2005 г. «О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Амурской области», в ред. Закона №272-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Амурской области "О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Амурской области"». Вступил в силу со дня первого официального опубликования, за исключением подпункта "б" пункта 2 статьи 7, вступающего в силу с 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Амурская правда", №11, 24 января 2006 г.</span></span> (Amur Oblast Council of People's Deputies. Law #127-OZ of December 23, 2005 <i>On the Procedures of Handling the Issues of the Administrative and Territorial Structure of Amur Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #272-OZ of November 11, 2013 <i>On Amending the Law of Amur Oblast "On the Procedures of Handling the Issues of the Administrative and Territorial Structure of Amur Oblast"</i>. Effective as of the day of the first official publication, with the exception of subitem "b" of item 2 of Article 7, which is effective January 1, 2006.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Амурский областной Совет народных депутатов. Закон №402-ОЗ от 30 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования города Свободного статусом городского округа и об установлении его границ». Вступил в силу со дня первого официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Амурская правда", №8, 15 января 2005 г.</span></span> (Amur Oblast Council of People's Deputies. Law #402-OZ of December 30, 2004 <i>On Granting the Municipal Formation of the Town of Svobodny the Urban Okrug Status and on Establishing Its Borders</i>. Effective as of the day of the first official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Амурский областной Совет народных депутатов. Закон №31-ОЗ от 2 августа 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Свободненского района и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Закона №488-ОЗ от 10 февраля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты по вопросам административно-территориального устройства области». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 3. Опубликован: "Амурская правда", №168, 26 августа 2005 г.</span></span> (Amur Oblast Council of People's Deputies. Law #31-OZ of August 2, 2005 <i>On Establishing the Borders of and Granting a Corresponding Municipal Formation Status to Svobodnensky District and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises</i>, as amended by the Law #488-OZ of February 10, 2015 <i>On Amending Various Legislative Acts on the Issues of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Oblast</i>. Effective as of the date set forth in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.).</li> <li>Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (<i>City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.</i>) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.</li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative center</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Amur_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Amur Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkharinsky_District" title="Arkharinsky District">Arkharinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belogorsky_District" title="Belogorsky District">Belogorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensky_District,_Amur_Oblast" title="Blagoveshchensky District, Amur Oblast">Blagoveshchensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureysky_District" title="Bureysky District">Bureysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovsky_District,_Amur_Oblast" title="Ivanovsky District, Amur Oblast">Ivanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinovsky_District,_Amur_Oblast" title="Konstantinovsky District, Amur Oblast">Konstantinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdagachinsky_District" title="Magdagachinsky District">Magdagachinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanovsky_District" title="Mazanovsky District">Mazanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhaylovsky_District,_Amur_Oblast" title="Mikhaylovsky District, Amur Oblast">Mikhaylovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky_District,_Amur_Oblast" title="Oktyabrsky District, Amur Oblast">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romnensky_District" title="Romnensky District">Romnensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemdzhinsky_District" title="Selemdzhinsky District">Selemdzhinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seryshevsky_District" title="Seryshevsky District">Seryshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimanovsky_District" title="Shimanovsky District">Shimanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skovorodinsky_District" title="Skovorodinsky District">Skovorodinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svobodnensky_District" title="Svobodnensky District">Svobodnensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambovsky_District,_Amur_Oblast" title="Tambovsky District, Amur Oblast">Tambovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndinsky_District" title="Tyndinsky District">Tyndinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavitinsky_District" title="Zavitinsky District">Zavitinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeysky_District" title="Zeysky District">Zeysky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belogorsk,_Amur_Oblast" title="Belogorsk, Amur Oblast">Belogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress,_Amur_Oblast" title="Progress, Amur Oblast">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raychikhinsk" title="Raychikhinsk">Raychikhinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimanovsk" title="Shimanovsk">Shimanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skovorodino,_Amur_Oblast" title="Skovorodino, Amur Oblast">Skovorodino</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svobodny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiolkovsky,_Amur_Oblast" title="Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast">Tsiolkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynda" title="Tynda">Tynda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavitinsk" title="Zavitinsk">Zavitinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeya,_Russia" title="Zeya, Russia">Zeya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhara" title="Arkhara">Arkhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureya,_Russia" title="Bureya, Russia">Bureya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekimchan" title="Ekimchan">Ekimchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fevralsk" title="Fevralsk">Fevralsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdagachi" title="Magdagachi">Magdagachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novobureysky" title="Novobureysky">Novobureysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoraychikhinsk" title="Novoraychikhinsk">Novoraychikhinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress,_Amur_Oblast" title="Progress, Amur Oblast">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seryshevo" title="Seryshevo">Seryshevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaki,_Russia" title="Sivaki, Russia">Sivaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talakan" title="Talakan">Talakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokur,_Russia" title="Tokur, Russia">Tokur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urusha" title="Urusha">Urusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushumun" title="Ushumun">Ushumun</a></li> <li><a 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