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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-POWs_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#POWs_in_the_Ottoman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>POWs in the Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-POWs_in_the_Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ottoman_POWs_during_the_Capture_of_Damascus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_POWs_during_the_Capture_of_Damascus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Ottoman POWs during the Capture of Damascus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_POWs_during_the_Capture_of_Damascus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-POWs_in_Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#POWs_in_Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>POWs in Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-POWs_in_Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_POWs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_POWs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Italian POWs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_POWs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_of_the_prisoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_of_the_prisoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Return of the prisoners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_the_prisoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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.hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Военнопленные Первой мировой войны">the corresponding article</a> in Russian</b>.  <i><small>(November 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Военнопленные Первой мировой войны]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ru|Военнопленные Первой мировой войны}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Talk:Prisoners of war in World War I">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg/220px-Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg/330px-Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg/440px-Prisoners_during_World_War_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>German prisoners in a French prison camp during the later part of the war</figcaption></figure><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> between 7–9 million soldiers surrendered and were held in <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner-of-war camps</a>. Approximately 10% (~750,000) died in captivity. </p><p>While the Allied prisoners of the Central Powers were quickly sent home at the end of active hostilities, the same treatment was not granted to Central Power prisoners of the Allies, many of whom served as <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">forced labour</a>, e.g., in France until 1920. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_statistics">Key statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Key statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 6.6–9 million soldiers surrendered and were held in <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner-of-war camps</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOltmer200611_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltmer200611-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>25–31% of Russian losses (as a proportion of those captured, wounded, or killed) were to prisoner status, for <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> 32%, for <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> 26%, for <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> 12%, for Germany 9%; for <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a> 7%. Prisoners from the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> armies totaled about 1.4 million (not including Russia, which lost 2.5–3.5 million soldiers as prisoners). From the Central Powers about 3.3 million soldiers became prisoners; most of them surrendered to Russians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368–369_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368–369-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All nations pledged to follow the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a> on fair treatment of <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>, and the survival rate for POWs was generally, though not always, much higher than that of combatants at the front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194–64_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194–64-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starvation was common for prisoners and civilians alike. Soldiers that <a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrender (military)">surrendered</a> were not always taken as POWs, as they were sometimes <a href="/wiki/No_quarter" title="No quarter">gunned down</a> by the prevailing army instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook2006637–665_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2006637–665-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conditions were worst along the <a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Austrian-Italian front</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortality_rate">Mortality rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mortality rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estimates of the total mortality rate (the number of prisoners who died during the war) are usually given at the range of 750,000<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-751,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, which in turn is reported as between 8.7%<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 10%<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the total (depending on the estimates of the total number of POWs taken in this conflict). </p><p>In total numbers, the deaths included 478,000 Austro-Hungarian prisoners, 122,000 Germans, 38,963 French in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 411,000 prisoners died in Russia (the majority of them Austro-Hungarian),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than 100,000 Italian prisoners out of 350,000 in Austria-Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 8% of Russians imprisoned by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> died.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates of mortality rate of prisoners held in Germany have been given at between 3.5%<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 5% <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeed1990_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeed1990-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999Chapter_13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999Chapter_13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton1992_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton1992-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In Austria, it was higher, at 7%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mortality rate of German prisoners held by the Allies has been estimated at 12.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mortality rate of all prisoners held in France has been estimated at between 5.3% (for all POWs)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 9.4% (for the Germans)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. The overall mortality rate among captives in Russia has been estimated at 15–20%<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; more specific estimates have been given at 17.6%<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 37% of the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mortality rate for German POWs held by other allies also varied significantly, and have been reported as varying from 1.92% in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a>, 3.03% in the United Kingdom, 9.4% in France, 37% in Russia and 39% in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mortality rate was higher in states with less developed state structure, food shortages, and history of enmity between combatants.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These differences are mainly due to differences in material conditions but also in the average duration of captivity, short in the United States, longer in France where the last prisoners were released at the beginning of 1920, in Russia where repatriations hampered by the civil war were continued until 1922. The high mortality rate in Russia is mainly due to climatic conditions, the unpreparedness of the authorities in the face of an unforeseen influx (lack of accommodation at the start of the war), not to a desire for persecution,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014139–145_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014139–145-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that of Italian prisoners due to malnutrition in Austria affected by an extreme food shortage due to the refusal of the Italian government to send relief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Living_conditions">Living conditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Living conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heuernte_der_Gefangenen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Heuernte_der_Gefangenen.jpg/220px-Heuernte_der_Gefangenen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Heuernte_der_Gefangenen.jpg/330px-Heuernte_der_Gefangenen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Heuernte_der_Gefangenen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>1915 painting depicting <a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">prisoners of war in Germany</a> harvesting hay</figcaption></figure> <p>The conditions of the POW camps were, in general, satisfactory (and much better than in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), thanks in part to the efforts of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Red Cross</a> and inspections by neutral nations. </p><p>The conditions at the camps were variable. While those put to work in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> fared well, other forms of work were dangerous to POWs, such as the digging of the <a href="/wiki/Rouvre" title="Rouvre">Rouvre</a> tunnel near the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tang_de_Berre" title="Étang de Berre">Étang de Berre</a> in France, the demining of battlefields in France in 1919, comparable to those of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulag</a> on the construction site of the railway line from <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> to <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>. This extreme situation was, however, not motivated by a punitive desire, but rather by the inorganization and negligence of the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014144_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014144-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907#Hague_Convention_of_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Article 7 of the Hague Convention</a> provides for "treatment of prisoners in terms of food, clothing and bedding equivalent to that of the troops of the government which captured them". In fact, the prisoners' rations were conditioned by the supplies of each country. The prisoners of the Central Powers affected by the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Allied blockade</a> (Germany and Austria-Hungary) suffered from hunger like the rest of the population. The French prisoners benefited from packages from their families which alleviated the deficiencies. From July 1916, the French government sends weekly collective packages of 2<abbr>kg</abbr> of bread per prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008357_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008357-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian prisoners deprived of this assistance particularly suffered. In France and the United Kingdom, countries little affected by shortages, prisoners' rations remained more satisfactory. The prisoners were struck by epidemics, typhus and cholera, especially at the start of the war, a period of unpreparedness for the unexpected influx into Russia and Germany. Subsequently, sanitary conditions improved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014138_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014138-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="POWs_by_camp_location">POWs by camp location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: POWs by camp location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="POWs_in_Canada">POWs in Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: POWs in Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></div><div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> Twenty-four known <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner-of-war camps</a> existed across <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> during <a href="/wiki/The_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="The First World War">the First World War</a>. The ethnic groups arrested and detained in internment camps were Austro-Hungarians (mostly Ukrainians) and Germans. Austro-Hungarian Prisoners were mainly residents of Canada from Ukraine, part of Serbia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia. Since Ukraine, part of Serbia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia were then provinces of the empire of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, many still had Austro-Hungarian citizenship and were considered to be resident <a href="/wiki/Enemy_alien" title="Enemy alien">enemy aliens</a>. William Dostock, for example, who immigrated to Canada in 1910 from Austria-Hungary and was not yet naturalized was interned from 1915–1920 as an enemy alien.<sup id="cite_ref-List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada_camp_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada_camp-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="POWs_in_the_German_Empire">POWs in the German Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: POWs in the German Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I</a></div><div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany#Conditions_of_detention" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">World War I prisoners of war in Germany § Conditions of detention</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>From the beginning of the war, the German authorities found themselves confronted with an unexpected influx of prisoners. In September 1914, 125,050 French soldiers and 94,000 Russian soldiers were held captive.<sup id="cite_ref-World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany_UHp92_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany_UHp92-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1915, conditions of detention in Germany were very harsh and marked by temporary lodging and the absence of infrastructure. The prisoners slept in hangars or tents, where they dug holes to keep warm. The humid forts requisitioned to serve as places of detention led to numerous cases of pulmonary illness. The German authorities also commandeered schools, barns and various other types of shelters. Camps were established in the countryside as well as near the towns, which had consequences when epidemics of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> or <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> threatened to spread to the civilian population. </p> Not all the camps were situated on German territory; a certain number were built in occupied territories, notably in northern and eastern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. They began to be developed starting in 1915 when the number of prisoners being held captive in Germany reached 652,000.<sup id="cite_ref-World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany_UHp92_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany_UHp92-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to official directives, each prisoner had to have use of 2.5 m<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The camps mixed a large number of nationalities sharing the same quarters: French, Russian, British, American, Canadian, Belgian, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Montenegrin, Portuguese and Japanese prisoners were found there, as well as Greeks and Brazilians. Equally, soldiers of various social origins rubbed elbows: workers, peasants, bureaucrats and intellectuals were among those held. The number of prisoners rose very quickly. From February to August 1915, it went from 652,000 to 1,045,232. In August 1916, it reached 1,625,000, jumping to 2,415,000 by October 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="POWs_in_the_Ottoman_Empire">POWs in the Ottoman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: POWs in the Ottoman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/220px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/330px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg/440px-1stGazaBritishPrisoners00118v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>British prisoners guarded by Ottoman forces after the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Gaza" title="First Battle of Gaza">First Battle of Gaza</a> in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ottoman Empire often treated POWs poorly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBass2002107_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBass2002107-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 11,800 British Empire soldiers, most of them Indians, became prisoners after the siege of Kut in Mesopotamia in April 1916; 4,250 died in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although many were in a poor condition when captured, Ottoman officers forced them to march 1,100 kilometres (684 mi) to Anatolia. A survivor said: "We were driven along like beasts; to drop out was to die."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ottoman_POWs_during_the_Capture_of_Damascus">Ottoman POWs during the Capture of Damascus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ottoman POWs during the Capture of Damascus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus#Kaukab_prisoners_of_war_camp" title="Capture of Damascus">Capture of Damascus § Kaukab prisoners of war camp</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Damascus&action=edit#Kaukab_prisoners_of_war_camp">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>At Kaukab 10,000 prisoners in a compound were joined by 7,000 more moved from a compound at El Mezze, "in deplorable condition." They died at first at 70 per day which slowed to fifteen a day, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel T. J. Todd, 10th Light Horse Regiment which took over guard on 7 October from two squadrons of 4th Light Horse Regiment and one squadron of 11th Light Horse Regiment commanded by Major Bailey.<sup id="cite_ref-Capture_of_Damascus_Falls599_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capture_of_Damascus_Falls599-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Capture_of_Damascus_10LHR7.10_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capture_of_Damascus_10LHR7.10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Todd found "[r]ations poor and no provision made for cooking. No drugs, or bandages for sick and wounded of whom about 3000 urgently required medical attention."<sup id="cite_ref-Capture_of_Damascus_10LHR7.10_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capture_of_Damascus_10LHR7.10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Todd had the weakest men transferred to houses in the village, supplied blankets and Syrian doctors to treat the sick, organised the prisoners into companies under their own officers, and sanitary arrangements were developed. Four doctors among the officer prisoners began working in the compound but none spoke English. On the first day 69 dead were buried; the next day 170. On 8 October five Ottoman mobile cookers were received and soup cooked for the sick. Four water troughs and four pumps were erected along the stream for the prisoners of war. Daily reports sent in urgently called for blankets, drugs and disinfectant. On 9 October 762 Ottoman officers and 598 other ranks were sent to the compound while there were no evacuations to the Jordan. Two interpreters arrived on 10 October and Lieutenant Colonel Todd appointed Commandant of Prisoners of War Damascus area. By the next day rations had become fairly satisfactory but drugs, blankets and disinfectant were urgently needed. By 18 October the first batch of 1000 prisoners were evacuated by road organised into groups of 100 with their own NCOs, others followed. On 30 October Jacob's Horse reported to relieve 10th Light Horse Regiment which marched out at 15:30 for Homs.<sup id="cite_ref-Capture_of_Damascus_Falls599_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capture_of_Damascus_Falls599-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="POWs_in_Switzerland">POWs in Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: POWs in Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> Switzerland accepted 68,000 British, French and German wounded prisoners of war (POW) for recovery in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_resort" title="Mountain resort">mountain resorts</a>. To be transferred the wounded had to have a disability that would negate their further military service or interned over 18 months and deteriorating mental health.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2017121_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2017121-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wounded were transferred from <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner of war camps</a> unable to cope with the number of wounded and sat out the war in Switzerland. The transfer was agreed between the warring powers and organised by the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoulkes2016_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoulkes2016-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, 219,000 prisoners were exchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuriol200216_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuriol200216-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_POWs">Italian POWs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Italian POWs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italian prisoners of war in World War I</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg/220px-Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg/330px-Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg/440px-Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1204" /></a><figcaption>Italian prisoners after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></figcaption></figure> Around 600,000 Italian soldiers were taken prisoner during the First World War, about half in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Caporetto</a>. Roughly one Italian soldier in seven was captured, a significantly higher number than in other armies on the Western Front.<sup id="cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Enc_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Enc-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_GC_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_GC-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 100,000 Italian prisoners of war never returned home, having succumbed to hardship, hunger, cold and disease (mainly <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Itin_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Itin-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Gib_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Gib-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 126">: 126 </span></sup> Uniquely among the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied powers</a>, Italy refused to assist its prisoners, and even hindered efforts by soldiers’ families to send them food.<sup id="cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Gib_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_Gib-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130–31">: 130–31 </span></sup> As a result, the death rate for Italian prisoners was nine times worse than that of Austro-Hungarian prisoners in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_WW_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_WW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_of_the_prisoners">Return of the prisoners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Return of the prisoners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">November 1918 armistice</a> provided for the repatriation of Allied prisoners without <a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(international_relations)" title="Reciprocity (international relations)">reciprocity</a>. This lack of reciprocity is a violation of Article 20 of the Hague Convention of 1899, which reads: "After the conclusion of peace, the repatriation of prisoners of war shall be carried out as quickly as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English prisoners were repatriated in November, and the return of the French prisoners ended in mid-January 1919. German prisoners were held in France until the beginning of 1920. They were released only after many approaches by the Red Cross to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_War_Council" title="Supreme War Council">Supreme War Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The release of Austro-Hungarian and German prisoners in Russia, as well as Russian prisoners in Austria-Hungary and Germany, was provided for by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>. This return was quite slow (500,000 Austro-Hungarians out of 2,000,000) and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> delayed the repatriation of some of the prisoners from Russia until 1922. The <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> and the Civil War also delayed the return of Russian prisoners from Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOltmer2006269_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltmer2006269-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German prisoners were still being held in Russia as late as 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Prisoners of war in World War I">Prisoners of war in World War I</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_War_Organisation" title="Joint War Organisation">Joint War Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_prisoner-of-war_camps" title="Lists of World War II prisoner-of-war camps">Lists of World War II prisoner-of-war camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_for_civilian_prisoners,_deportees_and_hostages_of_the_1914-1918_Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Medal for civilian prisoners, deportees and hostages of the 1914-1918 Great War">Medal for civilian prisoners, deportees and hostages of the 1914-1918 Great War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes in World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese prisoners of war in Germany (page does not exist)">Japanese prisoners of war in Germany</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Японские военнопленные в Германии">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_prisoners_of_war_in_the_First_World_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American prisoners of war in the First World War (page does not exist)">American prisoners of war in the First World War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Американские военнопленные в Первой мировой войне">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_First_World_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian prisoners of war in the First World War (page does not exist)">Brazilian prisoners of war in the First World War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Бразильские военнопленные в Первой мировой войне">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newfoundland_prisoners_of_war_in_the_First_World_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newfoundland prisoners of war in the First World War (page does not exist)">Newfoundland prisoners of war in the First World War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Ньюфаундлендские военнопленные в Первой мировой войне">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian prisoners of war in the Ottoman Empire (page does not exist)">Australian prisoners of war in the Ottoman Empire</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Австралийские военнопленные в Османской империи">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_(World_War_I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian prisoners of war in the Ottoman Empire (World War I) (page does not exist)">Russian prisoners of war in the Ottoman Empire (World War I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_(%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="ru:Русские военнопленные в Османской империи (Первая мировая война)">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_prisoners_of_war_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian prisoners of war in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Russian prisoners of war in Bulgaria</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Русские военнопленные в Болгарии">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_prisoners_of_war_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian prisoners of war in Russia (page does not exist)">Bulgarian prisoners of war in Russia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Болгарские военнопленные в России">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_prisoners_of_war_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Montenegro</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Австро-венгерские военнопленные в Черногории">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_prisoners_of_war_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Japan (page does not exist)">Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Japan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Австро-венгерские военнопленные в Японии">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Prisoners of war in World War II">Prisoners of war in World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltmer200611-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOltmer200611_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOltmer2006">Oltmer 2006</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGerlach2016" class="citation book cs1">Gerlach, Christian (2016-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=je27CwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&dq=.%20The%20Extermination%20of%20the%20European%20Jews.&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q=.%20The%20Extermination%20of%20the%20European%20Jews.&f=false"><i>The Extermination of the European Jews</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88078-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88078-7"><bdi>978-0-521-88078-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Extermination+of+the+European+Jews&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88078-7&rft.aulast=Gerlach&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.kr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dje27CwAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D1%26newbks_redir%3D0%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3D.%2520The%2520Extermination%2520of%2520the%2520European%2520Jews.%26pg%3DPA235%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D.%2520The%2520Extermination%2520of%2520the%2520European%2520Jews.%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368–369-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999368–369_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1999">Ferguson 1999</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194–64-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillimoreBellot19194–64_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhillimoreBellot1919">Phillimore & Bellot 1919</a>, pp. 4–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlair2005">Blair 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2006637–665-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook2006637–665_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCook2006">Cook 2006</a>, pp. 637–665.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMédard2010233_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMédard2010">Médard 2010</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochetPorte2008847_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCochetPorte2008">Cochet & Porte 2008</a>, p. 847.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumpf2014137_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumpf2014">Sumpf 2014</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiavon2011183_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchiavon2011">Schiavon 2011</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130417092302/http://profismart.ru/web/bookreader-115250-24.php">"Максим Оськин – Неизвестные трагедии Первой мировой Пленные Дезертиры Беженцы – стр 24 – Читаем онлайн"</a>. Profismart.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profismart.ru/web/bookreader-115250-24.php">the original</a> on 17 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Milano: Bur. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-1701-507-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-1701-507-3"><bdi>978-88-1701-507-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+grande+guerra+degli+italiani&rft.place=Milano&rft.pub=Bur&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-88-1701-507-3&rft.aulast=Gibelli&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_WW-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I_WW_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Thompson2009" class="citation book cs1">Mark Thompson (2009-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vb9-e1K66gsC&pg=PA6"><i>The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915-1919</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+White+War%3A+Life+and+Death+on+the+Italian+Front%2C+1915-1919&rft.pages=6-&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2009-08-06&rft.isbn=978-0-571-25008-0&rft.au=Mark+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVb9-e1K66gsC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907">"Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Article 20"</a>. <i>ICRC Database</i>. The Hague. 18 October 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICRC+Database&rft.atitle=Convention+%28IV%29+respecting+the+Laws+and+Customs+of+War+on+Land+and+its+annex%3A+Regulations+concerning+the+Laws+and+Customs+of+War+on+Land%2C+Article+20&rft.date=1907-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fen%2Fihl-treaties%2Fhague-conv-iv-1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100719030032/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JQGQ">"ICRC in WWI: overview of activities"</a>. Icrc.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JQGQ">the original</a> on 19 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICRC+in+WWI%3A+overview+of+activities&rft.pub=Icrc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2FWeb%2FEng%2Fsiteeng0.nsf%2Fhtml%2F57JQGQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltmer2006269-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOltmer2006269_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOltmer2006">Oltmer 2006</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113221329/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,768983,00.html">"Germany: Notes"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 1 September 1924. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,768983,00.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Germany%3A+Notes&rft.date=1924-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C768983%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuriol2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Auriol, Jean-Claude (2002). <i>Les barbelés des bannis.: La tragédie des prisonniers de guerre français en Allemagne pendant la Grande Guerre</i> (in French). Tirésias. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782908527940" title="Special:BookSources/9782908527940"><bdi>9782908527940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+barbel%C3%A9s+des+bannis.%3A+La+trag%C3%A9die+des+prisonniers+de+guerre+fran%C3%A7ais+en+Allemagne+pendant+la+Grande+Guerre&rft.pub=Tir%C3%A9sias&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9782908527940&rft.aulast=Auriol&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBass2002" class="citation book cs1">Bass, Gary Jonathan (2002). <i>Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 424. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-09278-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-09278-2"><bdi>978-0-691-09278-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/248021790">248021790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stay+the+Hand+of+Vengeance%3A+The+Politics+of+War+Crimes+Tribunals&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=424&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F248021790&rft.isbn=978-0-691-09278-2&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=Gary+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair2005" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Dale (2005). <i>No Quarter: Unlawful Killing and Surrender in the Australian War Experience, 1915–1918</i>. Charnwood, Australia: Ginninderra Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74027-291-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74027-291-9"><bdi>978-1-74027-291-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62514621">62514621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Quarter%3A+Unlawful+Killing+and+Surrender+in+the+Australian+War+Experience%2C+1915%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Charnwood%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Ginninderra+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62514621&rft.isbn=978-1-74027-291-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2006" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, Tim (2006). "The politics of surrender: Canadian soldiers and the killing of prisoners in the First World War". <i>The Journal of Military History</i>. <b>70</b> (3): 637–665. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjmh.2006.0158">10.1353/jmh.2006.0158</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155051361">155051361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=The+politics+of+surrender%3A+Canadian+soldiers+and+the+killing+of+prisoners+in+the+First+World+War&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=637-665&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjmh.2006.0158&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155051361%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Niall_Ferguson" title="Niall Ferguson">Ferguson, Niall</a> (1999). <i>The Pity of War</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-05711-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-05711-5"><bdi>978-0-465-05711-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41124439">41124439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pity+of+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41124439&rft.isbn=978-0-465-05711-5&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Niall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoulkes2016" class="citation web cs1">Foulkes, Imogen (30 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36391241">"Switzerland's forgotten role in saving World War One lives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Switzerland%27s+forgotten+role+in+saving+World+War+One+lives&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft.aulast=Foulkes&rft.aufirst=Imogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-36391241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hinz" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hinz, Uta (2006). <i>Gefangen im Großen Krieg. Kriegsgefangenschaft in Deutschland 1914–1921</i> [<i>Trapped in the Great War. Prisoner of war in Germany 1914–1921</i>] (in German). Essen: Klartext Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89861-352-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-89861-352-6"><bdi>3-89861-352-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gefangen+im+Gro%C3%9Fen+Krieg.+Kriegsgefangenschaft+in+Deutschland+1914%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Essen&rft.pub=Klartext+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3-89861-352-6&rft.aulast=Hinz&rft.aufirst=Uta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochetPorte2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cochet, François; Porte, Rémy (2008). <i>Dictionnaire de la Grande guerre 1914-1918</i> [<i>Dictionary of the Great War 1914-1918</i>]. Bouquins (in French). Paris: R. Laffont. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-221-10722-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-221-10722-5"><bdi>978-2-221-10722-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+Grande+guerre+1914-1918&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Bouquins&rft.pub=R.+Laffont&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2-221-10722-5&rft.aulast=Cochet&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Porte%2C+R%C3%A9my&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMédard2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Médard, Frédéric (2010). <i>Les prisonniers en 1914-1918: acteurs méconnus de la Grande guerre</i> [<i>Prisoners in 1914-1918: Little-known actors of the Great War</i>] (in French). Saint-Cloud: Éd. Soteca 14-18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-916385-62-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-916385-62-4"><bdi>978-2-916385-62-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+prisonniers+en+1914-1918%3A+acteurs+m%C3%A9connus+de+la+Grande+guerre&rft.place=Saint-Cloud&rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Soteca+14-18&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-916385-62-4&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9dard&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1992" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Desmond (1992). <i>Silent Battle: Canadian Prisoners of War in Germany, 1914–1919</i>. Toronto: Lester Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-895555-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-895555-17-2"><bdi>978-1-895555-17-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29565680">29565680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silent+Battle%3A+Canadian+Prisoners+of+War+in+Germany%2C+1914%E2%80%931919&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Lester+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29565680&rft.isbn=978-1-895555-17-2&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOltmer2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oltmer, Jochen (2006). <i>Kriegsgefangene im Europa des Ersten Weltkriegs</i> [<i>Prisoners of war in Europe during the First World War</i>]. Krieg in der Geschichte (in German). Paderborn: F. Schöningh. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-506-72927-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-506-72927-9"><bdi>978-3-506-72927-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kriegsgefangene+im+Europa+des+Ersten+Weltkriegs&rft.place=Paderborn&rft.series=Krieg+in+der+Geschichte&rft.pub=F.+Sch%C3%B6ningh&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-506-72927-9&rft.aulast=Oltmer&rft.aufirst=Jochen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillimoreBellot1919" class="citation journal cs1">Phillimore, George Grenville; Bellot, Hugh H.L. (1919). "Treatment of Prisoners of War". <i>Transactions of the Grotius Society</i>. <b>5</b>: 47–64. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43267276">43267276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Grotius+Society&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Prisoners+of+War&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=47-64&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43267276&rft.aulast=Phillimore&rft.aufirst=George+Grenville&rft.au=Bellot%2C+Hugh+H.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiavon2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schiavon, Max (2011). <i>L'Autriche-Hongrie dans la Première guerre mondiale: la fin d'un empire</i> [<i>Austria-Hungary in the First World War: the end of an empire</i>]. Les nations dans la Grande guerre (in French). Saint-Cloud: Éd. Soteca 14-18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-916385-59-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-916385-59-4"><bdi>978-2-916385-59-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Autriche-Hongrie+dans+la+Premi%C3%A8re+guerre+mondiale%3A+la+fin+d%27un+empire&rft.place=Saint-Cloud&rft.series=Les+nations+dans+la+Grande+guerre&rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Soteca+14-18&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2-916385-59-4&rft.aulast=Schiavon&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeed1990" class="citation book cs1">Speed, Richard B III (1990). <i>Prisoners, Diplomats and the Great War: A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity</i>. New York: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26729-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26729-1"><bdi>978-0-313-26729-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20694547">20694547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prisoners%2C+Diplomats+and+the+Great+War%3A+A+Study+in+the+Diplomacy+of+Captivity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20694547&rft.isbn=978-0-313-26729-1&rft.aulast=Speed&rft.aufirst=Richard+B+III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumpf2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sumpf, Alexandre (2014). <i>La Grande guerre oubliée: Russie, 1914-1918</i> [<i>The Great Forgotten War: Russia, 1914-1918</i>] (in French). Paris: Perrin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-262-04045-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-262-04045-1"><bdi>978-2-262-04045-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Grande+guerre+oubli%C3%A9e%3A+Russie%2C+1914-1918&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Perrin&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-2-262-04045-1&rft.aulast=Sumpf&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2017" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Oliver (2017). <i>British Prisoners of War in First World War Germany</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107199422" title="Special:BookSources/9781107199422"><bdi>9781107199422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Prisoners+of+War+in+First+World+War+Germany&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781107199422&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrisoners+of+war+in+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I" title="Template talk:World War I"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&oldid=1259091494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I&oldid=1259091494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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