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PhD Programs - Doctoral - Harvard Business School

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margin-right: 8px;"> <div class="mobile-visible"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:ext="http://www.hbs.edu/" height="24" width="24" style="" viewBox="0 0 80 80" version="1.1" class="plus-icon" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M40,6 C58.7,6 74,21.3 74,40 C74,58.7 58.7,74 40,74 C21.3,74 6,58.7 6,40 C6,21.3 21.3,6 40,6 L40,6 Z M40,0 C17.9,0 0,17.9 0,40 C0,62.1 17.9,80 40,80 C62.1,80 80,62.1 80,40 C80,17.9 62.1,0 40,0 L40,0 Z" fill-rule="nonzero"/> <g fill="currentColor" transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <rect class="plus-bar" x="18" y="0.1" width="9.9" height="45.8"/> <rect transform="translate(23.000000, 23.050000) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-23.000000, -23.050000) " x="18.05" y="0.149999995" width="9.9" height="45.8"/> </g></svg></div> <div class="tablet-visible"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:ext="http://www.hbs.edu/" height="34" width="34" style="" viewBox="0 0 80 80" version="1.1" class="plus-icon" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M40,6 C58.7,6 74,21.3 74,40 C74,58.7 58.7,74 40,74 C21.3,74 6,58.7 6,40 C6,21.3 21.3,6 40,6 L40,6 Z M40,0 C17.9,0 0,17.9 0,40 C0,62.1 17.9,80 40,80 C62.1,80 80,62.1 80,40 C80,17.9 62.1,0 40,0 L40,0 Z" fill-rule="nonzero"/> <g fill="currentColor" transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <rect class="plus-bar" x="18" y="0.1" width="9.9" height="45.8"/> <rect transform="translate(23.000000, 23.050000) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-23.000000, -23.050000) " x="18.05" y="0.149999995" width="9.9" height="45.8"/> </g></svg></div> </div> <div style="overflow: hidden;">PhD Programs <div class="shim3 tablet-visible"></div> </div></a></h1> <div class="toggle-show has-slide mobile-breadcrumb"><ul> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/accounting-management/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Accounting &amp; Management</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/business-economics/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Business Economics</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/health-policy/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Health Policy (Management)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/marketing/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Marketing</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/organizational-behavior/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Organizational Behavior</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/strategy/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Strategy</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/technology-operations-management/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ink">Technology &amp; Operations Management</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-indent"> <div class="sticky-header-hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="shim22 mobile-hidden"></div> <div class="shim14 mobile-visible"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="inherit-light-bg "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class="shim40"></div> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="delta light subtitle add-underline" style="margin-bottom:-8px;margin-top:-8px;">The start of your PhD program launches your journey to a career in business academia. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim25"></div> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px"> <p>Students in our PhD programs are encouraged from day one to think of this experience as their first job in business academia—a training ground for a challenging and rewarding career generating rigorous, relevant research that influences practice.</p> <p>Our doctoral students work with faculty and access resources throughout HBS and Harvard University. The PhD program curriculum requires coursework at HBS and other Harvard discipline departments, and with HBS and Harvard faculty on advisory committees. Faculty throughout Harvard guide the programs through their participation on advisory committees.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="shim40"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 inherit-light-bg mobile-hidden" style="height:40px"></div> </div> <div class="accordion-list-block black-bg"> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container"> <div class="shim35"></div> <div class="toggle-container" style="overflow: hidden;"> <h2 class="delta regular white"><a href="#" class="toggle-button white"> <div class="inherit-dark-color" style="float: left; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:ext="http://www.hbs.edu/" height="30" width="30" style="" viewBox="0 0 80 80" version="1.1" class="plus-icon" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M40,6 C58.7,6 74,21.3 74,40 C74,58.7 58.7,74 40,74 C21.3,74 6,58.7 6,40 C6,21.3 21.3,6 40,6 L40,6 Z M40,0 C17.9,0 0,17.9 0,40 C0,62.1 17.9,80 40,80 C62.1,80 80,62.1 80,40 C80,17.9 62.1,0 40,0 L40,0 Z" fill-rule="nonzero"/> <g fill="currentColor" transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <rect class="plus-bar" x="18" y="0.1" width="9.9" height="45.8"/> <rect transform="translate(23.000000, 23.050000) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-23.000000, -23.050000) " x="18.05" y="0.149999995" width="9.9" height="45.8"/> </g></svg></div> <div>How do I know which program is right for me?</div></a></h2> <div class="toggle-show has-slide inherit-light-color" style="max-width: 780px;margin-left:40px;"> <p>Our PhD students draw on diverse personal and professional backgrounds to pursue an ever-expanding range of research topics. Learn about each of the program requirements and curriculum, read <a href="/doctoral/research-community/people/Pages/default.aspx">student profiles</a> as well as <a href="/doctoral/research-community/Pages/student-research.aspx">student research</a>, and <a href="/doctoral/placement/Pages/default.aspx">placement</a> information.</p> <p><strong>The PhD in Business Administration</strong> grounds students in the disciplinary theories and research methods that form the foundation of an academic career. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program has four areas of study: <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/accounting-management/Pages/default.aspx">Accounting and Management</a>, <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/marketing/Pages/default.aspx">Marketing</a>, <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/strategy/Pages/default.aspx">Strategy</a>, and <a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/technology-operations-management/Pages/default.aspx">Technology and Operations Management</a>. All areas of study involve roughly two years of coursework culminating in a field exam. The remaining years of the program are spent conducting independent research, working on co-authored publications, and writing the dissertation. Students join these programs from a wide range of backgrounds, from consulting to engineering. Many applicants possess liberal arts degrees, as there is not a requirement to possess a business degree before joining the program</p> <p><strong><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/business-economics/Pages/default.aspx">The PhD in Business Economics</a></strong> provides students the opportunity to study in both Harvard’s world-class Economics Department and Harvard Business School. Throughout the program, coursework includes exploration of microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, probability and statistics, and econometrics. While some students join the Business Economics program directly from an undergraduate or master's program, others have worked in economic consulting firms or as research assistants at universities or intergovernmental organizations.</p> <p><strong><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/health-policy/Pages/default.aspx">The PhD program in Health Policy (Management)</a></strong> is rooted in data-driven research on the managerial, operational, and strategic issues facing a wide range of organizations. Coursework includes the study of microeconomic theory, management, research methods, and statistics. The backgrounds of students in this program are quite varied, with some coming from public health or the healthcare industry, while others arrive at the program with a background in disciplinary research</p> <p><strong><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/organizational-behavior/Pages/default.aspx">The PhD program in Organizational Behavior</a></strong> offers two tracks: either a micro or macro approach. In the micro track, students focus on the study of interpersonal relationships within organizations and the effects that groups have on individuals. Students in the macro track use sociological methods to examine organizations, groups, and markets as a whole, including topics such as the influence of individuals on organizational change, or the relationship between social missions and financial objectives. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program includes core disciplinary training in sociology or psychology, as well as additional coursework in organizational behavior.</p> </div> </div> <div class="shim35"></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Accounting &amp; Management"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/accounting-management/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Accounting &amp; Management<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">Accounting scholars study how information affects resource allocation with and across firms, the behavior of shareholders, regulators, customers, and suppliers, and the process by which information is disclosed. Accounting research uses statistical and econometric methods and theoretical economic modeling, and often draws from frameworks developed in information and financial economics.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Business Economics"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/business-economics/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Business Economics<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">The doctoral program in Business Economics, which includes Finance and Applied Economics tracks, provides scholars with rigorous training in economic theory and a particular focus on economic analysis as it applies to the business world. Students in the Business Economics program are both economics and business school students, receiving the benefits of a PhD from Harvard’s Economics Department along with specialized access to Harvard Business School faculty and resources.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Health Policy (Management)"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/health-policy/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Health Policy (Management)<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">The PhD program in Health Policy (Management) prepares students to effect powerful change rooted in data-driven research on the managerial, operational, and strategic issues facing a wide range of organizations. Coursework includes the study of microeconomics theory, management, research methods, and statistics.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Marketing"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/marketing/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Marketing<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">Marketing scholars explore processes by which goods, services, and information are exchanged. Research provides insights into how companies serve customers and approaches for measuring the impact of marketing efforts. Marketing PhDs are separated into two broad sub-fields: quantitative marketing and consumer behavior. Theoretical modeling within quantitative marketing borrows from computer science, microeconomics, and statistics to offer guidelines for a firm’s marketing strategies. Experimental work in consumer behavior aims to understand the psychological and social motivations behind individuals’ responses to various stimuli.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Organizational Behavior"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/organizational-behavior/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Organizational Behavior<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">Scholars in the PhD program in Organizational Behavior draw on methods from psychology and sociology to examine organizations and how people behave within them. The program offers two tracks: either a micro or macro approach. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Strategy"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/strategy/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Strategy<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">Researchers in strategy seek to understand the mechanisms through which firms create value and sustain performance over time. Strategy scholars develop a foundation in microeconomics and econometrics, and may supplement their understanding with additional economics topics—such as industrial organization, contract theory, or development economics—or extend to another discipline such as sociology.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="shim1 mobile-hidden" style="margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:39px;"></div> <div class="shim1 tablet-hidden desktop-hidden" style="margin-top:23px;margin-bottom:22px;"></div> </div> <div class=" "> <div class="container mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="text-feature" id=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row" style="position:relative;"> <div class="span10 tablet-span9"> <div class="section-header-wrapper " data-wcm-edit-url=""> <h2 class="section-header delta regular inherit-dark-color transition " data-abbreviated="" data-original="Technology &amp; Operations Management"><a href="/doctoral/phd-programs/technology-operations-management/Pages/default.aspx" style="text-decoration:none; display:block;" class="no-append no-pdf-hover inherit-dark-color">Technology &amp; Operations Management<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&nbsp;</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0.5625em" height="0.65625em" viewBox="0 0 21 18" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(51 66)"> <path d="M 19.1 0L 0 0L 0 2L 19.1 2L 19.1 0Z" transform="translate(-51 -58.1)" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M 1.39999 17.8L 0 16.4L 7.5 8.9L 0 1.4L 1.39999 6.10352e-06L 10.4 8.9L 1.39999 17.8Z" transform="translate(-40.5 -66)" fill="currentColor"/> </g></svg></span></a></h2> <div class="hr inherit-dark-bg " style="margin-bottom:24px; width:180px; opacity:1; margin-top:8px; "></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-row"> <div class="span9 tablet-span11"> <div class="shim7"></div> <div class="eta light indent body add-underline" style="margin-bottom: -0.30em; margin-top: -6px">Technology and Operations Management scholars examine how and why firms create innovative products and services, how they translate goals into action, and how the spread of technology generates growth and transforms society. Theoretical modeling uses mathematical programming and computer science techniques to examine and improve firm performance. Innovation research draws on economics, strategy, and entrepreneurship and employs a range of quantitative and qualitative methods.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="base tablet-base mobile-base"></div> </main> </div> <!-- ENDINDEX --> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="back-to-top"><a href="#" class="icon-back-to-top" aria-label="Scroll back to top of page"></a></div><footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="universal-footer noindex" data-feature="universal-footer"> <div class="color-framework grid-framework type-framework component-framework pattern-framework js-framework responsive-framework"> <div class="black-bg link-controller white universal-footer-v3 responsive-type"> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container"> <div class="shim48 desktop-visible"></div> <div class="shim36 tablet-visible"></div> <div class="shim28 mobile-visible"></div> <div class="hidden">ǁ</div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-flip crawler-noindex"> <div 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StickyHeader.prototype.triggerShrink = function(){ if ($( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length == 0 || !$(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online')) { this.sticky.removeClass('at-scroll-top'); } var self = this; window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){ var newHeight = 0; if (self.isVisible) { newHeight = self.minHeight; } if (self.currentHeight == newHeight) return; self.sticky.css('height',newHeight); self.currentHeight = newHeight; $("body").removeClass('sticky-header-expanded'); }) } StickyHeader.prototype.redraw = function() { // This is costly to performance but unavoidable //const pageY = window.scrollY; //This throws a syntax error in IE11. var pageY = window.pageYOffset; var scrollUp = pageY < this.lastScrollTop; var scrollDistance = pageY - this.lastScrollTop; this.velocitySamples.push(Math.abs(scrollDistance)); if (this.velocitySamples.length > 10) { this.velocitySamples.shift(); } var totalDistance = 0; for (var i = 0;i<this.velocitySamples.length;i++){ totalDistance += this.velocitySamples[i]; } var velocity = totalDistance / this.velocitySamples.length; var debugVars = {}; if (pageY != this.lastScrollTop) { debugVars.pageY = pageY; debugVars.minHeight = this.minHeight; debugVars.maxHeight = this.maxHeight; debugVars.appearsAt = this.appearsAt; debugVars.velocity = velocity; debugVars.disabled = this.disabled; var html = ''; $.each(debugVars,function(k,v){ html += '<div>' + k + ': '+v +'</div>'; }) this.debug.html(html); if (pageY >= this.appearsAt) { this.triggerAppear(); } if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && $('.table-of-contents-wrapper').length && $('.table-of-contents-wrapper.jump-to').length == 0){ var tocWrap = $('.table-of-contents-wrapper'); var toc = tocWrap.children('.table-of-contents'); var tocItems = toc.find('.toc-item'); var stickyHeight = this.maxHeight; if ((pageY + stickyHeight) > tocWrap.offset().top && !toc.hasClass('sticky')) { toc.addClass('sticky'); } else if ((pageY + stickyHeight) <= tocWrap.offset().top && toc.hasClass('sticky')) { toc.removeClass('sticky'); } if (toc.hasClass('sticky')) { tocItems.each(function( index ) { var section = $($(this).children("a.toc-jump").attr("href")); if (section.length) { var sectionTop = section.offset().top - 45; var pageHeight = pageY + stickyHeight + toc.height(); if ((pageHeight > sectionTop) && !$(this).hasClass('current')) { tocItems.removeClass('current'); $(this).addClass('current'); } else if ((pageHeight <= sectionTop) && $(this).hasClass('current')) { $(this).removeClass('current'); } } }); } } if (pageY <= 0) { this.triggerDisappear(); } else if (scrollUp) { console.log('scroll up'); if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && pageY < (this.appearsAt - this.maxHeight)) { this.triggerDisappear(); } else if (velocity > 5 || pageY < this.appearsAt) { this.triggerExpand(); } } else if (pageY > this.appearsAt) { // If HBS online and mobile hide the sticky header if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && $( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length > 0) { this.triggerDisappear(); } this.triggerShrink(); } this.lastScrollTop = pageY; } this.hasScrolled = false; }; var _domready = _domready || []; _domready.push(function(){ if (document.getElementById('wcm-react-root')) return; if (window.stickyHeaderDisabled) return; window.stickyHeader = new StickyHeader(); var _onScroll = function () { if (!window.stickyHeader.hasScrolled) { window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){ window.stickyHeader.redraw(); }); } window.stickyHeader.hasScrolled = true; window.requestAnimationFrame(_onScroll); }; _onScroll(); //without this, the header flickers on online window.setTimeout(function(){ _onScroll(); },250) $(document).on('delay-sticky-nav',function(){ window.stickyHeader.temporarilyDisabled(); }) // needed for facet pages http://www.hbs.edu/news/Pages/default.aspx $(document).on('click',".facetctrl-sticky.active",function(){ $(document).trigger('delay-sticky-nav'); }) $(document).on('click',".filter-sticky.fixed",function(){ $(document).trigger('delay-sticky-nav'); }) }); require(['https://d1gfwsbop52idw.cloudfront.net/static/libs/smartquotes/2.3.1/smartquotes.min.js'],function(smartquotes){ $(".text-feature").each(function(){ smartquotes(this); }) }) jQuery(function($){ function oneline(){ $(".one-line").each(function(){ var h = $(this).height(); $(this).css('white-space','nowrap'); var nowraph = $(this).height(); $(this).css('white-space','normal'); console.log(h + ' ' + nowraph) var original = $(this).data('original'); var abbr = $(this).data('abbreviated'); if (h > nowraph) { $(this).html($(this).html().replace(original,abbr)); } else { $(this).html($(this).html().replace(abbr,original)); } }) } $(window).on("load", function(){ oneline(); }) }); </script> </body> </html>

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