CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hematopoietic stem cell - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"24a9053d-475c-44d0-b28c-37791048bb74","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hematopoietic_stem_cell","wgTitle":"Hematopoietic stem cell","wgCurRevisionId":1240750832,"wgRevisionId":1240750832,"wgArticleId":1264088,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles that are too technical from August 2015","All articles that are too technical","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019","Hematopoietic stem cells","Blood cells","Stem cells"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hematopoietic_stem_cell","wgRelevantArticleId":1264088,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q514525", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg/1200px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg/800px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg/640px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hematopoietic stem cell - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hematopoietic_stem_cell rootpage-Hematopoietic_stem_cell skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hematopoietic+stem+cell" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hematopoietic+stem+cell" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hematopoietic+stem+cell" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hematopoietic+stem+cell" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subtypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subtypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Subtypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subtypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isolating_stem_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolating_stem_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Isolating stem cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolating_stem_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haematopoiesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haematopoiesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Haematopoiesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haematopoiesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quiescence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quiescence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Quiescence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quiescence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transplant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transplant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Transplant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transplant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aging_of_hematopoietic_stem_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aging_of_hematopoietic_stem_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Aging of hematopoietic stem cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aging_of_hematopoietic_stem_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DNA_damage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DNA_damage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>DNA damage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DNA_damage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_clonal_diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_clonal_diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Loss of clonal diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_clonal_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Behavior_in_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior_in_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Behavior in culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior_in_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repopulation_kinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repopulation_kinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Repopulation kinetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repopulation_kinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hematopoietic stem cell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85" title="خلية جذعية مكونة للدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلية جذعية مكونة للدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гемацытабласт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гемацытабласт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoetske_mati%C4%8Dne_%C4%87elije" title="Hematopoetske matične ćelije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hematopoetske matične ćelije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lules_mare_hematopo%C3%A8tiques" title="Cèl·lules mare hematopoètiques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lules mare hematopoètiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoetick%C3%A1_kmenov%C3%A1_bu%C5%88ka" title="Hematopoetická kmenová buňka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hematopoetická kmenová buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4matopoetische_Stammzelle" title="Hämatopoetische Stammzelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hämatopoetische Stammzelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoeetiline_t%C3%BCvirakk" title="Hematopoeetiline tüvirakk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hematopoeetiline tüvirakk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemocitoblasto" title="Hemocitoblasto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hemocitoblasto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="سلول بنیادی خون‌ساز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول بنیادی خون‌ساز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_souche_h%C3%A9matopo%C3%AF%C3%A9tique" title="Cellule souche hématopoïétique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellule souche hématopoïétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemocitoblasto" title="Hemocitoblasto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hemocitoblasto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%ED%98%88%EB%AA%A8%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="조혈모세포 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조혈모세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca_hematopoietik" title="Sel punca hematopoietik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel punca hematopoietik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_staminal_hematopoietic" title="Cellula staminal hematopoietic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cellula staminal hematopoietic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_staminale_ematopoietica" title="Cellula staminale ematopoietica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula staminale ematopoietica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гемоцитобласт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гемоцитобласт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гемоцитобласт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гемоцитобласт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemopoetikus_%C5%91ssejtek" title="Hemopoetikus őssejtek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hemopoetikus őssejtek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_tunjang_hematopoiesis" title="Sel tunjang hematopoiesis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sel tunjang hematopoiesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopo%C3%ABtische_stamcel" title="Hematopoëtische stamcel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hematopoëtische stamcel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="造血幹細胞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="造血幹細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoetisk_stamcelle" title="Hematopoetisk stamcelle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hematopoetisk stamcelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodstammzell" title="Bloodstammzell – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bloodstammzell" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3rka_macierzysta_hemopoezy" title="Komórka macierzysta hemopoezy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komórka macierzysta hemopoezy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemocitoblasto" title="Hemocitoblasto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hemocitoblasto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гемоцитобласт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гемоцитобласт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvotvorna_mati%C4%8Dna_celica" title="Krvotvorna matična celica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krvotvorna matična celica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dne_%C4%87elije_hematopoeze" title="Matične ćelije hematopoeze – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Matične ćelije hematopoeze" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dne_%C4%87elije_hematopoeze" title="Matične ćelije hematopoeze – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Matične ćelije hematopoeze" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гемопоетична стовбурова клітина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гемопоетична стовбурова клітина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="造血幹細胞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="造血幹細胞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="造血干细胞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="造血干细胞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q514525#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hematopoietic_stem_cell" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&oldid=1240750832" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&id=1240750832&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHematopoietic_stem_cell"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHematopoietic_stem_cell"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hematopoietic_stem_cells" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q514525" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stem cells that give rise to other blood cells</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:beige">Hematopoietic stem cell</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematopoiesis_simple.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg/250px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg/375px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg/500px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Overview of normal human haematopoiesis</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Precursor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hemangioblast" title="Hemangioblast">Hemangioblast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic system">Hematopoietic system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">Bone marrow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Function</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">Stem cells</a> that give rise to other <a href="/wiki/Blood_cell" title="Blood cell">blood cells</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>cellula haematopoietica praecursoria</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Acronym(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">HSC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006412">D006412</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/PDF/TH%20Chapter%20H2.00.pdf">H2.00.01.0.00006 </a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_microanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of microanatomy">Anatomical terms of microanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514525" class="extiw" title="d:Q514525">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hematopoietic stem cells</b> (<b>HSCs</b>) are the <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cells</a><sup id="cite_ref-Monga_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monga-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that give rise to other <a href="/wiki/Blood_cell" title="Blood cell">blood cells</a>. This process is called <a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">haematopoiesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Birbrair_n/a–n/a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birbrair_n/a–n/a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>, the first definitive HSCs arise from the ventral endothelial wall of the embryonic aorta within the (midgestational) <a href="/wiki/Aorta-gonad-mesonephros" title="Aorta-gonad-mesonephros">aorta-gonad-mesonephros</a> region, through a process known as endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In adults, haematopoiesis occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Red_bone_marrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Red bone marrow">red bone marrow</a>, in the core of most bones. The red bone marrow is derived from the layer of the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">Haematopoiesis</a> is the process by which all mature blood cells are produced. It must balance enormous production needs (the average person produces more than 500 billion blood cells every day) with the need to regulate the number of each blood cell type in the circulation. In vertebrates, the vast majority of hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is derived from a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and capable of extensive <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_self-renewal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell self-renewal">self-renewal</a>. </p><p>Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to different types of blood cells, in lines called <a href="/wiki/Myelopoiesis" title="Myelopoiesis">myeloid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymphopoiesis" title="Lymphopoiesis">lymphoid</a>. Myeloid and lymphoid lineages both are involved in <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">dendritic cell</a> formation. Myeloid cells include <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutrophil_granulocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrophil granulocyte">neutrophils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basophil_granulocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Basophil granulocyte">basophils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eosinophil_granulocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosinophil granulocyte">eosinophils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocytes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">megakaryocytes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">platelets</a>. Lymphoid cells include <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_cell" title="Natural killer cell">natural killer cells</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Innate_lymphoid_cell" title="Innate lymphoid cell">innate lymphoid cells</a>. </p><p>The definition of hematopoietic stem cell has developed since they were first discovered in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hematopoietic tissue contains cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities and committed <a href="/wiki/Multipotent" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipotent">multipotent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oligopotency" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligopotency">oligopotent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unipotency" class="mw-redirect" title="Unipotency">unipotent</a> progenitors. Hematopoietic stem cells constitute 1:10,000 of cells in <a href="/wiki/Myeloid_tissue" title="Myeloid tissue">myeloid tissue</a>. </p><p>HSC transplants are used in the treatment of cancers and other immune system disorders<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to their regenerative properties.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They are round, non-adherent, with a rounded nucleus and low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. In shape, hematopoietic stem cells resemble <a href="/wiki/Lymphocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphocytes">lymphocytes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The very first hematopoietic stem cells during (mouse and human) embryonic development are found in <a href="/wiki/Aorta-gonad-mesonephros" title="Aorta-gonad-mesonephros">aorta-gonad-mesonephros</a> region and the vitelline and umbilical arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slightly later, HSCs are also found in the placenta, yolk sac, embryonic head, and fetal liver.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18204427_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18204427-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stem and progenitor cells can be taken from the pelvis, at the iliac crest, using a needle and syringe.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cells can be removed as liquid (to perform a smear to look at the cell morphology) or they can be removed via a core biopsy (to maintain the architecture or relationship of the cells to each other and to the bone).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subtypes">Subtypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subtypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A colony-forming unit is a subtype of HSC. (This <a href="/wiki/Word_sense" title="Word sense">sense</a> of the term is different from <a href="/wiki/Colony-forming_unit" title="Colony-forming unit">colony-forming units</a> of microbes, which is a <a href="/wiki/Cell_counting" title="Cell counting">cell counting</a> unit.) There are various kinds of HSC colony-forming units: </p> <ul><li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Granulocyte" title="Granulocyte">granulocyte</a>-<a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocyte</a>-<a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocyte</a>-<a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">megakaryocyte</a> (<a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a>)</li> <li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocyte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lymphoblast" title="Lymphoblast">CFU-L</a>)</li> <li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocyte</a> (<a href="/wiki/CFU-E" title="CFU-E">CFU-E</a>)</li> <li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Granulocyte" title="Granulocyte">granulocyte</a>-<a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophage</a> (<a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a>)</li> <li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">megakaryocyte</a> (<a href="/wiki/CFU-Meg" title="CFU-Meg">CFU-Meg</a>)</li> <li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">basophil</a> (<a href="/wiki/CFU-Baso" title="CFU-Baso">CFU-Baso</a>)</li> <li>Colony-forming unit–<a href="/wiki/Eosinophil" title="Eosinophil">eosinophil</a> (<a href="/wiki/CFU-Eos" title="CFU-Eos">CFU-Eos</a>)</li></ul> <p>The above CFUs are based on the lineage. Another CFU, the colony-forming unit–spleen (CFU-S), was the basis of an <i>in vivo</i> clonal colony formation, which depends on the ability of infused bone marrow cells to give rise to clones of maturing hematopoietic cells in the spleens of irradiated mice after 8 to 12 days. It was used extensively in early studies, but is now considered to measure more mature progenitor or <b>transit-amplifying cells</b> rather than stem cells<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isolating_stem_cells">Isolating stem cells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Isolating stem cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Techniques_to_isolate_haematopoietic_stem_cells" title="Techniques to isolate haematopoietic stem cells">Techniques to isolate haematopoietic stem cells</a></div> <p>Since hematopoietic stem cells cannot be isolated as a pure population, it is not possible to identify them in a microscope.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hematopoietic stem cells can be identified or isolated by the use of <a href="/wiki/Flow_cytometry" title="Flow cytometry">flow cytometry</a> where the combination of several different cell surface markers (particularly <a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a>) are used to separate the rare hematopoietic stem cells from the surrounding blood cells. Hematopoietic stem cells lack expression of mature blood cell markers and are thus called Lin-. Lack of expression of lineage markers is used in combination with detection of several positive cell-surface markers to isolate hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, hematopoietic stem cells are characterised by their small size and low staining with vital dyes such as <a href="/wiki/Rhodamine_123" title="Rhodamine 123">rhodamine 123</a> (rhodamine <sup>lo</sup>) or <a href="/wiki/Hoechst_33342" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoechst 33342">Hoechst 33342</a> (side population). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hematopoiesis_(human)_diagram_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg/220px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg/330px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg/440px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of cells that arise from Hematopoietic stem cells during the process of <a href="/wiki/Hematopoiesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoiesis">hematopoiesis</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haematopoiesis">Haematopoiesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Haematopoiesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">Haematopoiesis</a></div><p>Hematopoietic stem cells are essential to haematopoiesis, the formation of the cells within blood. Hematopoietic stem cells can replenish all blood cell types (i.e., are <a href="/wiki/Cell_potency#Multipotency" title="Cell potency">multipotent</a>) and self-renew. A small number of hematopoietic stem cells can expand to generate a very large number of daughter hematopoietic stem cells. This phenomenon is used in <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow_transplantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone marrow transplantation">bone marrow transplantation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when a small number of hematopoietic stem cells reconstitute the hematopoietic system. This process indicates that, subsequent to bone marrow transplantation, symmetrical cell divisions into two daughter hematopoietic stem cells must occur. </p><p>Stem cell self-renewal is thought to occur in the <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_niche" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell niche">stem cell niche</a> in the bone marrow, and it is reasonable to assume that key signals present in this niche will be important in self-renewal.<sup id="cite_ref-Birbrair_n/a–n/a_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birbrair_n/a–n/a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is much interest in the environmental and molecular requirements for HSC self-renewal, as understanding the ability of HSC to replenish themselves will eventually allow the generation of expanded populations of HSC <i>in vitro</i> that can be used therapeutically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quiescence">Quiescence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Quiescence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematopoietic stem cells, like all <a href="/wiki/Adult_stem_cell" title="Adult stem cell">adult stem cells</a>, mostly exist in a state of <a href="/wiki/G0_phase" title="G0 phase">quiescence</a>, or reversible growth arrest. The altered metabolism of quiescent HSCs helps the cells survive for extended periods of time in the hypoxic bone marrow environment.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When provoked by cell death or damage, Hematopoietic stem cells exit quiescence and begin actively dividing again. The transition from dormancy to propagation and back is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/MEK/ERK_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="MEK/ERK pathway">MEK/ERK pathway</a> and <a href="/wiki/PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway" title="PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway">PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baumgartner_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baumgartner-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dysregulation of these transitions can lead to stem cell exhaustion, or the gradual loss of active Hematopoietic stem cells in the blood system.<sup id="cite_ref-Baumgartner_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baumgartner-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobility">Mobility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematopoietic stem cells have a higher potential than other immature blood cells to pass the <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone marrow barrier">bone marrow barrier</a>, and, thus, may travel in the blood from the bone marrow in one bone to another bone. If they settle in the <a href="/wiki/Thymus" title="Thymus">thymus</a>, they may develop into <a href="/wiki/T_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="T cells">T cells</a>. In the case of fetuses and other <a href="/wiki/Extramedullary_hematopoiesis" title="Extramedullary hematopoiesis">extramedullary hematopoiesis</a>. Hematopoietic stem cells may also settle in the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a> and develop. </p><p>This enables Hematopoietic stem cells to be harvested directly from the blood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transplant">Transplant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transplant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation" title="Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</a></div> <p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of <a href="/wiki/Multipotent_hematopoietic_stem_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipotent hematopoietic stem cell">multipotent hematopoietic stem cells</a>, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.<sup id="cite_ref-HSCT2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCT2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HSCT1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCT1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be <a href="/wiki/Autologous_stem_cell_transplantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Autologous stem cell transplantation">autologous</a> (the patient's own stem cells are used), <a href="/wiki/Allotransplantation" title="Allotransplantation">allogeneic</a> (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin).<sup id="cite_ref-HSCT2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCT2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HSCT1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCT1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is most often performed for patients with certain <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Multiple_myeloma" title="Multiple myeloma">multiple myeloma</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HSCT1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCT1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and <a href="/wiki/Graft-versus-host_disease" title="Graft-versus-host disease">graft-versus-host disease</a> are major complications of <a href="/wiki/Allotransplantation" title="Allotransplantation">allogeneic</a> HSCT.<sup id="cite_ref-HSCT1_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCT1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to harvest stem cells from the circulating peripheral blood, blood donors are injected with a <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokine</a>, such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), that induces cells to leave the bone marrow and circulate in the blood vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mammalian embryology, the first definitive Hematopoietic stem cells are detected in the AGM (<a href="/wiki/Aorta-gonad-mesonephros" title="Aorta-gonad-mesonephros">aorta-gonad-mesonephros</a>), and then massively expanded in the fetal liver prior to colonising the bone marrow before birth.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18204427_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18204427-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer to <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune diseases">autoimmune diseases</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hereditary <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_dysplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal dysplasia">skeletal dysplasias</a>; notably <a href="/wiki/Malignant_infantile_osteopetrosis" title="Malignant infantile osteopetrosis">malignant infantile osteopetrosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-elsobky2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elsobky2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hashemi2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hashemi2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mucopolysaccharidosis" title="Mucopolysaccharidosis">mucopolysaccharidosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stem cells can be used to regenerate different types of tissues. HCT is an established as therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphatic leukemia, aplastic anemia, and hemoglobinopathies, in addition to acute myeloid leukemia and primary immune deficiencies. Hematopoietic system regeneration is typically achieved within 2–4 weeks post-chemo- or irradiation therapy and HCT. HSCs are being clinically tested for their use in non-hematopoietic tissue regeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aging_of_hematopoietic_stem_cells">Aging of hematopoietic stem cells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aging of hematopoietic stem cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DNA_damage">DNA damage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: DNA damage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DNA strand breaks accumulate in long term hematopoietic stem cells during aging.<sup id="cite_ref-Beerman_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beerman-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This accumulation is associated with a broad attenuation of <a href="/wiki/DNA_repair" title="DNA repair">DNA repair</a> and response pathways that depends on HSC quiescence.<sup id="cite_ref-Beerman_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beerman-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Non-homologous_end_joining" title="Non-homologous end joining">Non-homologous end joining</a> (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. NHEJ is referred to as "non-homologous" because the break ends are directly ligated without the need for a homologous template. The NHEJ pathway depends on several proteins including <a href="/wiki/LIG4" class="mw-redirect" title="LIG4">ligase 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNA_polymerase_mu" title="DNA polymerase mu">DNA polymerase mu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-homologous_end-joining_factor_1" title="Non-homologous end-joining factor 1">NHEJ factor 1</a> (NHEJ1, also known as Cernunnos or XLF). </p><p>DNA ligase 4 (Lig4) has a highly specific role in the repair of double-strand breaks by NHEJ. Lig4 deficiency in the mouse causes a progressive loss of hematopoietic stem cells during aging.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijnik_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijnik-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deficiency of lig4 in pluripotent stem cells results in accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and enhanced apoptosis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23722522_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23722522-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In polymerase mu mutant mice, hematopoietic cell development is defective in several peripheral and bone marrow cell populations with about a 40% decrease in bone marrow cell number that includes several hematopoietic lineages.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19229323_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19229323-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expansion potential of hematopoietic progenitor cells is also reduced. These characteristics correlate with reduced ability to repair double-strand breaks in hematopoietic tissue. </p><p>Deficiency of NHEJ factor 1 in mice leads to premature aging of hematopoietic stem cells as indicated by several lines of evidence including evidence that long-term repopulation is defective and worsens over time.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25075129_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25075129-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model of NHEJ1 deficiency, it was shown that NHEJ1 has an important role in promoting survival of the primitive hematopoietic progenitors.<sup id="cite_ref-Tilgnerb_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilgnerb-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These NHEJ1 deficient cells possess a weak NHEJ1-mediated repair capacity that is apparently incapable of coping with DNA damages induced by physiological stress, normal metabolism, and ionizing radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-Tilgnerb_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilgnerb-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sensitivity of hematopoietic stem cells to Lig4, DNA polymerase mu and NHEJ1 deficiency suggests that NHEJ is a key determinant of the ability of stem cells to maintain themselves against physiological stress over time.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijnik_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijnik-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rossi et al.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17554309_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17554309-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found that endogenous DNA damage accumulates with age even in wild type Hematopoietic stem cells, and suggested that DNA damage accrual may be an important physiological mechanism of stem cell aging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loss_of_clonal_diversity">Loss of clonal diversity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Loss of clonal diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study shows the clonal diversity of hematopoietic stem cells gets drastically reduced around age 70 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="from 20,000–200,000 HSC/MPPs contributing evenly to 10–20 expanded clones accounting for 30–60% of haematopoiesis due to mutations that occurred decades earlier that make them grow faster">to a faster-growing few</span>, substantiating <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_theory_of_aging#Hematopoietic_stem_cell_diversity_aging" title="Stem cell theory of aging">a novel</a> <a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">theory of ageing</a> which could enable <a href="/wiki/Life_extension" title="Life extension">healthy aging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of note, the shift in clonal diversity during aging was previously reported in 2008<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the murine system by the <a href="/wiki/Christa_Muller-Sieburg" title="Christa Muller-Sieburg">Christa Muller-Sieburg</a> laboratory in San Diego, California. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behavior_in_culture">Behavior in culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Behavior in culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC)</i> <a href="/wiki/Assay" title="Assay">assay</a> is a cell culture-based empirical assay. When plated onto a confluent culture of stromal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feeder_layer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feeder layer (page does not exist)">feeder layer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a fraction of hematopoietic stem cells creep between the gaps (even though the stromal cells are touching each other) and eventually settle between the stromal cells and the substratum (here the dish surface) or trapped in the cellular processes between the stromal cells. <a href="/wiki/Emperipolesis" title="Emperipolesis">Emperipolesis</a> is the <i>in vivo</i> phenomenon in which one cell is completely engulfed into another (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Thymocyte" title="Thymocyte">thymocytes</a> into <a href="/wiki/Thymic_nurse_cell" title="Thymic nurse cell">thymic nurse cells</a>); on the other hand, when <i>in vitro</i>, lymphoid lineage cells creep beneath <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurse-like_cells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurse-like cells (page does not exist)">nurse-like cells</a>, the process is called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoemperipolesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoemperipolesis (page does not exist)">pseudoemperipolesis</a>. This similar phenomenon is more commonly known in the HSC field by the cell culture terminology <i>cobble stone area-forming cells (CAFC)</i>, which means areas or clusters of cells look dull <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">cobblestone</a>-like under phase contrast microscopy, compared to the other hematopoietic stem cells, which are refractile. This happens because the cells that are floating loosely on top of the stromal cells are spherical and thus refractile. However, the cells that creep beneath the stromal cells are flattened and, thus, not refractile. The mechanism of pseudoemperipolesis is only recently coming to light. It may be mediated by interaction through <a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CXCR4</a> (CD184) the receptor for CXC Chemokines (e.g., <a href="/wiki/SDF-1_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF-1 (biology)">SDF1</a>) and <a href="/wiki/%CE%914%CE%B21" class="mw-redirect" title="Α4β1">α4β1</a> <a href="/wiki/Integrin" title="Integrin">integrins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12899713_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12899713-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repopulation_kinetics">Repopulation kinetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Repopulation kinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) cannot be easily observed directly, and, therefore, their behaviors need to be inferred indirectly. Clonal studies are likely the closest technique for single cell in vivo studies of HSC. Here, sophisticated experimental and statistical methods are used to ascertain that, with a high probability, a single HSC is contained in a transplant administered to a lethally irradiated host. The clonal expansion of this stem cell can then be observed over time by monitoring the percent donor-type cells in blood as the host is reconstituted. The resulting time series is defined as the repopulation kinetic of the HSC. </p><p>The reconstitution kinetics are very heterogeneous. However, using <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_dynamics" title="Symbolic dynamics">symbolic dynamics</a>, one can show that they fall into a limited number of classes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prove this, several hundred experimental repopulation kinetics from clonal Thy-1<sup>lo</sup> SCA-1<sup>+</sup> lin<sup>−</sup>(B220, CD4, CD8, Gr-1, Mac-1 and Ter-119)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> c-kit<sup>+</sup> HSC were translated into symbolic sequences by assigning the symbols "+", "-", "~" whenever two successive measurements of the percent donor-type cells have a positive, negative, or unchanged slope, respectively. By using the <a href="/wiki/Hamming_distance" title="Hamming distance">Hamming distance</a>, the repopulation patterns were subjected to cluster analysis yielding 16 distinct groups of kinetics. To finish the empirical proof, the <a href="/wiki/Additive_smoothing" title="Additive smoothing">Laplace add-one approach</a> was used to determine that the probability of finding kinetics not contained in these 16 groups is very small. By corollary, this result shows that the hematopoietic stem cell compartment is also heterogeneous by dynamical criteria. </p><p>It was originally believed that all hematopoietic stem cells were alike in their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. This view was first challenged by the 2002 discovery by the <a href="/wiki/Christa_Muller-Sieburg" title="Christa Muller-Sieburg">Muller-Sieburg</a> group in San Diego, who illustrated that different stem cells can show distinct repopulation patterns that are epigenetically predetermined intrinsic properties of clonal <a href="/wiki/Thy-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Thy-1">Thy-1</a><sup>lo</sup> Sca-1<sup>+</sup> lin<sup>−</sup> <a href="/wiki/C-kit" class="mw-redirect" title="C-kit">c-kit</a><sup>+</sup> HSC.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MullerSieburg_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MullerSieburg-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results of these clonal studies led to the notion of <b>lineage bias</b>. Using the ratio <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =L/M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =L/M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b66fe67ec01c04dd22d4ddb51fd1f9391c636d03" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.488ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =L/M}"></span> of lymphoid (L) to myeloid (M) cells in blood as a quantitative marker, the stem cell compartment can be split into three categories of HSC. <b>Balanced (Bala) hematopoietic stem cells</b> repopulate peripheral white blood cells in the same ratio of myeloid to lymphoid cells as seen in unmanipulated mice (on average about 15% myeloid and 85% lymphoid cells, or 3 ≤ ρ ≤ 10). <b>Myeloid-biased (My-bi) hematopoietic stem cells</b> give rise to very few lymphocytes resulting in ratios 0 < ρ < 3, while <b>lymphoid-biased (Ly-bi) hematopoietic stem cells </b>generate very few myeloid cells, which results in lymphoid-to-myeloid ratios of ρ > 10. All three types are normal types of HSC, and they do not represent stages of differentiation. Rather, these are three classes of HSC, each with an epigenetically fixed differentiation program. These studies also showed that lineage bias is not stochastically regulated or dependent on differences in environmental influence. My-bi HSC self-renew longer than balanced or Ly-bi HSC. The myeloid bias results from reduced responsiveness to the lymphopoetin <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_7" title="Interleukin 7">interleukin 7</a> (IL-7).<sup id="cite_ref-MullerSieburg_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MullerSieburg-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, other groups confirmed and highlighted the original findings.<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder,_T_2010_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder,_T_2010-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Eaves group confirmed in 2007 that repopulation kinetics, long-term self-renewal capacity, and My-bi and Ly-bi are stably inherited intrinsic HSC properties.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the Goodell group provided additional insights about the molecular basis of lineage bias in <a href="/wiki/Side_population" title="Side population">side population</a> (SP) SCA-1<sup>+</sup> lin<sup>−</sup> c-kit<sup>+</sup> HSC.<sup id="cite_ref-Challen,_G._2010_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Challen,_G._2010-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As previously shown for IL-7 signaling, it was found that a member of the <a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor" title="Transforming growth factor">transforming growth factor</a> family (TGF-beta) induces and inhibits the proliferation of My-bi and Ly-bi HSC, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From Greek <i>haimato-</i>, combining form of <i>haima</i> 'blood', and from the Latinized form of Greek <i>poietikos</i> 'capable of making, creative, productive', from <i>poiein</i> 'to make, create'.<sup id="cite_ref-RandDict_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RandDict-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_niche" title="Hematopoietic stem cell niche">Hematopoietic stem cell niche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_human_body" class="mw-redirect" title="List of distinct cell types in the adult human body">List of distinct cell types in the adult human body</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Monga-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Monga_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMongaKaurDhanda2022" class="citation journal cs1">Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda S (March 2022). "Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells". <i>Briefings in Functional Genomics</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 159–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbfgp%2Felac002">10.1093/bfgp/elac002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35265979">35265979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Briefings+in+Functional+Genomics&rft.atitle=Revisiting+hematopoiesis%3A+applications+of+the+bulk+and+single-cell+transcriptomics+dissecting+transcriptional+heterogeneity+in+hematopoietic+stem+cells&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=159-176&rft.date=2022-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbfgp%2Felac002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35265979&rft.aulast=Monga&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Kaur%2C+K&rft.au=Dhanda%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birbrair_n/a–n/a-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Birbrair_n/a–n/a_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Birbrair_n/a–n/a_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirbrairFrenette2016" class="citation journal cs1">Birbrair A, Frenette PS (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938003">"Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow"</a>. <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>1370</b> (1): 82–96. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NYASA1370...82B">2016NYASA1370...82B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnyas.13016">10.1111/nyas.13016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938003">4938003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27015419">27015419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Niche+heterogeneity+in+the+bone+marrow&rft.volume=1370&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=82-96&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4938003%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27015419&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnyas.13016&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NYASA1370...82B&rft.aulast=Birbrair&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Frenette%2C+PS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4938003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDzierzakBigas2018" class="citation journal cs1">Dzierzak E, Bigas A (May 2018). "Blood Development: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dependence and Independence". <i>Cell Stem Cell</i>. <b>22</b> (5): 639–651. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2018.04.015">10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10230%2F36965">10230/36965</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29727679">29727679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stem+Cell&rft.atitle=Blood+Development%3A+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cell+Dependence+and+Independence&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=639-651&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10230%2F36965&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29727679&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stem.2018.04.015&rft.aulast=Dzierzak&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Bigas%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttersbach2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ottersbach K (April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6490701">"Endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition: an update on the process of making blood"</a>. <i>Biochemical Society Transactions</i>. <b>47</b> (2): 591–601. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2FBST20180320">10.1042/BST20180320</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6490701">6490701</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30902922">30902922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+Transactions&rft.atitle=Endothelial-to-haematopoietic+transition%3A+an+update+on+the+process+of+making+blood&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=591-601&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6490701%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30902922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2FBST20180320&rft.aulast=Ottersbach&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6490701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillMcCULLOCH1961" class="citation journal cs1">Till JE, McCULLOCH EA (February 1961). "A direct measurement of the radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells". <i>Radiation Research</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 213–22. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961RadR...14..213T">1961RadR...14..213T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3570892">10.2307/3570892</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1807%2F2781">1807/2781</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3570892">3570892</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13776896">13776896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Research&rft.atitle=A+direct+measurement+of+the+radiation+sensitivity+of+normal+mouse+bone+marrow+cells&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=213-22&rft.date=1961-02&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1807%2F2781&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3570892%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961RadR...14..213T&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13776896&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3570892&rft.aulast=Till&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.au=McCULLOCH%2C+EA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929155557/http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/scireport/pages/chapter5.aspx">"5. Hematopoietic Stem Cells"</a>. <i>Stem Cell Information</i>. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 17 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/scireport/pages/chapter5.aspx">the original</a> on 2015-09-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stem+Cell+Information&rft.atitle=5.+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells.&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstemcells.nih.gov%2Finfo%2Fscireport%2Fpages%2Fchapter5.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerHuppertzHenschler2016" class="citation journal cs1">Müller, Albrecht M.; Huppertz, Sascha; Henschler, Reinhard (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5040947">"Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Astray or on the Path?"</a>. <i>Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy</i>. <b>43</b> (4): 247–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000447748">10.1159/000447748</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1660-3796">1660-3796</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5040947">5040947</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27721700">27721700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion+Medicine+and+Hemotherapy&rft.atitle=Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells+in+Regenerative+Medicine%3A+Astray+or+on+the+Path%3F&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=247-254&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5040947%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1660-3796&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27721700&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000447748&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Albrecht+M.&rft.au=Huppertz%2C+Sascha&rft.au=Henschler%2C+Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5040947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BruijnSpeckPeetersDzierzak2000" class="citation journal cs1">de Bruijn MF, Speck NA, Peeters MC, Dzierzak E (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC212758">"Definitive hematopoietic stem cells first develop within the major arterial regions of the mouse embryo"</a>. <i>The EMBO Journal</i>. <b>19</b> (11): 2465–2474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.11.2465">10.1093/emboj/19.11.2465</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC212758">212758</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10835345">10835345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+EMBO+Journal&rft.atitle=Definitive+hematopoietic+stem+cells+first+develop+within+the+major+arterial+regions+of+the+mouse+embryo&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2465-2474&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC212758%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10835345&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.11.2465&rft.aulast=de+Bruijn&rft.aufirst=MF&rft.au=Speck%2C+NA&rft.au=Peeters%2C+MC&rft.au=Dzierzak%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC212758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedvinskyDzierzak1996" class="citation journal cs1">Medvinsky A, Dzierzak E (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repub.eur.nl/pub/57137">"Definitive hematopoiesis is autonomously initiated by the AGM region"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>86</b> (6): 897–906. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0092-8674%2800%2980165-8">10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80165-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1765%2F57137">1765/57137</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8808625">8808625</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3330712">3330712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Definitive+hematopoiesis+is+autonomously+initiated+by+the+AGM+region&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=897-906&rft.date=1996-09&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1765%2F57137&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3330712%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8808625&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0092-8674%2800%2980165-8&rft.aulast=Medvinsky&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Dzierzak%2C+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepub.eur.nl%2Fpub%2F57137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvanovsRybtsovWelchAnderson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ivanovs A, Rybtsov S, Welch L, Anderson RA, Turner ML, Medvinsky A (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256972">"Highly potent human hematopoietic stem cells first emerge in the intraembryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros region"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>. <b>208</b> (12): 2417–2427. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.20111688">10.1084/jem.20111688</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256972">3256972</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22042975">22042975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Highly+potent+human+hematopoietic+stem+cells+first+emerge+in+the+intraembryonic+aorta-gonad-mesonephros+region&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2417-2427&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3256972%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22042975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1084%2Fjem.20111688&rft.aulast=Ivanovs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Rybtsov%2C+S&rft.au=Welch%2C+L&rft.au=Anderson%2C+RA&rft.au=Turner%2C+ML&rft.au=Medvinsky%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3256972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18204427-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18204427_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18204427_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDzierzakSpeck2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dzierzak E, Speck NA (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696344">"Of lineage and legacy: the development of mammalian hematopoietic stem cells"</a>. <i>Nature Immunology</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 129–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fni1560">10.1038/ni1560</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696344">2696344</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204427">18204427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Immunology&rft.atitle=Of+lineage+and+legacy%3A+the+development+of+mammalian+hematopoietic+stem+cells&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=129-136&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2696344%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18204427&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fni1560&rft.aulast=Dzierzak&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Speck%2C+NA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2696344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/transplant-center/bone-marrow-transplant/preparing/process">"Bone Marrow Transplant Process"</a>. <i>Mayo Clinic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic&rft.atitle=Bone+Marrow+Transplant+Process&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fdepartments-centers%2Ftransplant-center%2Fbone-marrow-transplant%2Fpreparing%2Fprocess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stem_Cells_Applications_in_Regenera_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahla2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mahla RS (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969512">"Stem Cells Applications in Regenerative Medicine and Disease Therapeutics"</a>. <i>International Journal of Cell Biology</i>. <b>2016</b> (7): 6940283. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2016%2F6940283">10.1155/2016/6940283</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969512">4969512</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27516776">27516776</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Stem+Cells+Applications+in+Regenerative+Medicine+and+Disease+Therapeutics&rft.volume=2016&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=6940283&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4969512%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27516776&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2016%2F6940283&rft.aulast=Mahla&rft.aufirst=RS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4969512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrikanthSunithaVenkateshKumar2015" class="citation journal cs1">Srikanth L, Sunitha MM, Venkatesh K, Kumar PS, Chandrasekhar C, Vengamma B, Sarma PV (2015). "Anaerobic Glycolysis and HIF1α Expression in Haematopoietic Stem Cells Explains Its Quiescence Nature". <i>Journal of Stem Cells</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 97–106. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27125138">27125138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stem+Cells&rft.atitle=Anaerobic+Glycolysis+and+HIF1%CE%B1+Expression+in+Haematopoietic+Stem+Cells+Explains+Its+Quiescence+Nature&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=97-106&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27125138&rft.aulast=Srikanth&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Sunitha%2C+MM&rft.au=Venkatesh%2C+K&rft.au=Kumar%2C+PS&rft.au=Chandrasekhar%2C+C&rft.au=Vengamma%2C+B&rft.au=Sarma%2C+PV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baumgartner-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baumgartner_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baumgartner_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumgartnerToiflFarlikHalbritter2018" class="citation journal cs1">Baumgartner C, Toifl S, Farlik M, Halbritter F, Scheicher R, Fischer I, et al. (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5988582">"An ERK-Dependent Feedback Mechanism Prevents Hematopoietic Stem Cell Exhaustion"</a>. <i>Cell Stem Cell</i>. <b>22</b> (6): 879–892.e6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2018.05.003">10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5988582">5988582</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29804890">29804890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stem+Cell&rft.atitle=An+ERK-Dependent+Feedback+Mechanism+Prevents+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cell+Exhaustion&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=879-892.e6&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5988582%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29804890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stem.2018.05.003&rft.aulast=Baumgartner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Toifl%2C+S&rft.au=Farlik%2C+M&rft.au=Halbritter%2C+F&rft.au=Scheicher%2C+R&rft.au=Fischer%2C+I&rft.au=Sexl%2C+V&rft.au=Bock%2C+C&rft.au=Baccarini%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5988582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSCT2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HSCT2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSCT2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelflyHaddad2014" class="citation journal cs1">Felfly H, Haddad GG (2014). "Hematopoietic stem cells: potential new applications for translational medicine". <i>Journal of Stem Cells</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 163–197. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25157450">25157450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stem+Cells&rft.atitle=Hematopoietic+stem+cells%3A+potential+new+applications+for+translational+medicine&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=163-197&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25157450&rft.aulast=Felfly&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Haddad%2C+GG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSCT1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HSCT1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSCT1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSCT1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSCT1_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkYooKim2015" class="citation journal cs1">Park B, Yoo KH, Kim C (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705045">"Hematopoietic stem cell expansion and generation: the ways to make a breakthrough"</a>. <i>Blood Research</i>. <b>50</b> (4): 194–203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5045%2Fbr.2015.50.4.194">10.5045/br.2015.50.4.194</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705045">4705045</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26770947">26770947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood+Research&rft.atitle=Hematopoietic+stem+cell+expansion+and+generation%3A+the+ways+to+make+a+breakthrough&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=194-203&rft.date=2015-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4705045%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26770947&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5045%2Fbr.2015.50.4.194&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Yoo%2C+KH&rft.au=Kim%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4705045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501104754/https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/2001report/chapter5.htm">"5. Hematopoietic Stem Cells – stemcells.nih.gov"</a>. <i>stemcells.nih.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/2001report/chapter5.htm">the original</a> on 2021-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stemcells.nih.gov&rft.atitle=5.+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells+%E2%80%93+stemcells.nih.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstemcells.nih.gov%2Finfo%2F2001report%2Fchapter5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyndallFassasPasswegRuiz_de_Elvira1999" class="citation journal cs1">Tyndall A, Fassas A, Passweg J, Ruiz de Elvira C, Attal M, Brooks P, et al. (October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.bmt.1701987">"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplants for autoimmune disease--feasibility and transplant-related mortality. Autoimmune Disease and Lymphoma Working Parties of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the European League Against Rheumatism and the International Stem Cell Project for Autoimmune Disease"</a>. <i>Bone Marrow Transplantation</i>. <b>24</b> (7): 729–734. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.bmt.1701987">10.1038/sj.bmt.1701987</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10516675">10516675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bone+Marrow+Transplantation&rft.atitle=Autologous+haematopoietic+stem+cell+transplants+for+autoimmune+disease--feasibility+and+transplant-related+mortality.+Autoimmune+Disease+and+Lymphoma+Working+Parties+of+the+European+Group+for+Blood+and+Marrow+Transplantation%2C+the+European+League+Against+Rheumatism+and+the+International+Stem+Cell+Project+for+Autoimmune+Disease&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=729-734&rft.date=1999-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.bmt.1701987&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10516675&rft.aulast=Tyndall&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Fassas%2C+A&rft.au=Passweg%2C+J&rft.au=Ruiz+de+Elvira%2C+C&rft.au=Attal%2C+M&rft.au=Brooks%2C+P&rft.au=Black%2C+C&rft.au=Durez%2C+P&rft.au=Finke%2C+J&rft.au=Forman%2C+S&rft.au=Fouillard%2C+L&rft.au=Furst%2C+D&rft.au=Holmes%2C+J&rft.au=Joske%2C+D&rft.au=Jouet%2C+J&rft.au=K%C3%B6tter%2C+I&rft.au=Locatelli%2C+F&rft.au=Prentice%2C+H&rft.au=Marmont%2C+AM&rft.au=McSweeney%2C+P&rft.au=Musso%2C+M&rft.au=Peter%2C+HH&rft.au=Snowden%2C+JA&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+K&rft.au=Gratwohl%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.bmt.1701987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurtLohPearceBeohar2008" class="citation journal cs1">Burt RK, Loh Y, Pearce W, Beohar N, Barr WG, Craig R, et al. (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.299.8.925">"Clinical applications of blood-derived and marrow-derived stem cells for nonmalignant diseases"</a>. <i>JAMA</i>. <b>299</b> (8): 925–936. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.299.8.925">10.1001/jama.299.8.925</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18314435">18314435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Clinical+applications+of+blood-derived+and+marrow-derived+stem+cells+for+nonmalignant+diseases&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=925-936&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.299.8.925&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18314435&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=RK&rft.au=Loh%2C+Y&rft.au=Pearce%2C+W&rft.au=Beohar%2C+N&rft.au=Barr%2C+WG&rft.au=Craig%2C+R&rft.au=Wen%2C+Y&rft.au=Rapp%2C+JA&rft.au=Kessler%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1001%252Fjama.299.8.925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elsobky2017-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elsobky2017_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-SobkyEl-HaddadElsobkyElsayed2017" class="citation journal cs1">El-Sobky TA, El-Haddad A, Elsobky E, Elsayed SM, Sakr HM (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ejrnm.2016.12.013">"Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"</a>. <i>The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine</i>. <b>48</b> (1): 237–243. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ejrnm.2016.12.013">10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Egyptian+Journal+of+Radiology+and+Nuclear+Medicine&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+skeletal+radiographic+pathology+in+a+case+of+malignant+infantile+osteopetrosis+following+hematopoietic+stem+cell+transplantation&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=237-243&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ejrnm.2016.12.013&rft.aulast=El-Sobky&rft.aufirst=TA&rft.au=El-Haddad%2C+A&rft.au=Elsobky%2C+E&rft.au=Elsayed%2C+SM&rft.au=Sakr%2C+HM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ejrnm.2016.12.013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hashemi2015-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hashemi2015_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHashemi_TaheriRadmardKoorakiBehfar2015" class="citation journal cs1">Hashemi Taheri AP, Radmard AR, Kooraki S, Behfar M, Pak N, Hamidieh AA, Ghavamzadeh A (September 2015). "Radiologic resolution of malignant infantile osteopetrosis skeletal changes following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation". <i>Pediatric Blood & Cancer</i>. <b>62</b> (9): 1645–1649. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpbc.25524">10.1002/pbc.25524</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25820806">25820806</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11287381">11287381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Blood+%26+Cancer&rft.atitle=Radiologic+resolution+of+malignant+infantile+osteopetrosis+skeletal+changes+following+hematopoietic+stem+cell+transplantation&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1645-1649&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11287381%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25820806&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fpbc.25524&rft.aulast=Hashemi+Taheri&rft.aufirst=AP&rft.au=Radmard%2C+AR&rft.au=Kooraki%2C+S&rft.au=Behfar%2C+M&rft.au=Pak%2C+N&rft.au=Hamidieh%2C+AA&rft.au=Ghavamzadeh%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangereisden_OsBreenJones2016" class="citation journal cs1">Langereis EJ, den Os MM, Breen C, Jones SA, Knaven OC, Mercer J, et al. (March 2016). "Progression of Hip Dysplasia in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Hurler After Successful Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation". <i>The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume</i>. <b>98</b> (5): 386–395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2106%2FJBJS.O.00601">10.2106/JBJS.O.00601</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26935461">26935461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Bone+and+Joint+Surgery.+American+Volume&rft.atitle=Progression+of+Hip+Dysplasia+in+Mucopolysaccharidosis+Type+I+Hurler+After+Successful+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cell+Transplantation&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=386-395&rft.date=2016-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2106%2FJBJS.O.00601&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26935461&rft.aulast=Langereis&rft.aufirst=EJ&rft.au=den+Os%2C+MM&rft.au=Breen%2C+C&rft.au=Jones%2C+SA&rft.au=Knaven%2C+OC&rft.au=Mercer%2C+J&rft.au=Miller%2C+WP&rft.au=Kelly%2C+PM&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+J&rft.au=Ketterl%2C+TG&rft.au=O%27Meara%2C+A&rft.au=Orchard%2C+PJ&rft.au=Lund%2C+TC&rft.au=van+Rijn%2C+RR&rft.au=Sakkers%2C+RJ&rft.au=White%2C+KK&rft.au=Wijburg%2C+FA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerHuppertzHenschler2016" class="citation journal cs1">Müller, Albrecht M.; Huppertz, Sascha; Henschler, Reinhard (2016-07-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000447748">"Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Astray or on the Path?"</a>. <i>Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy</i>. <b>43</b> (4): 247–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000447748">10.1159/000447748</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1660-3796">1660-3796</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5040947">5040947</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27721700">27721700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion+Medicine+and+Hemotherapy&rft.atitle=Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells+in+Regenerative+Medicine%3A+Astray+or+on+the+Path%3F&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=247-254&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5040947%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1660-3796&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27721700&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000447748&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Albrecht+M.&rft.au=Huppertz%2C+Sascha&rft.au=Henschler%2C+Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1159%2F000447748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beerman-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beerman_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beerman_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeermanSeitaInlayWeissman2014" class="citation journal cs1">Beerman I, Seita J, Inlay MA, Weissman IL, Rossi DJ (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082747">"Quiescent hematopoietic stem cells accumulate DNA damage during aging that is repaired upon entry into cell cycle"</a>. <i>Cell Stem Cell</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 37–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2014.04.016">10.1016/j.stem.2014.04.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082747">4082747</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24813857">24813857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stem+Cell&rft.atitle=Quiescent+hematopoietic+stem+cells+accumulate+DNA+damage+during+aging+that+is+repaired+upon+entry+into+cell+cycle&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-50&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4082747%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24813857&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stem.2014.04.016&rft.aulast=Beerman&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Seita%2C+J&rft.au=Inlay%2C+MA&rft.au=Weissman%2C+IL&rft.au=Rossi%2C+DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4082747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nijnik-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nijnik_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nijnik_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNijnikWoodbineMarchettiDawson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Nijnik A, Woodbine L, Marchetti C, Dawson S, Lambe T, Liu C, et al. (June 2007). "DNA repair is limiting for haematopoietic stem cells during ageing". <i>Nature</i>. <b>447</b> (7145): 686–690. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.447..686N">2007Natur.447..686N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05875">10.1038/nature05875</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17554302">17554302</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4332976">4332976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=DNA+repair+is+limiting+for+haematopoietic+stem+cells+during+ageing&rft.volume=447&rft.issue=7145&rft.pages=686-690&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05875&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4332976%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17554302&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.447..686N&rft.aulast=Nijnik&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Woodbine%2C+L&rft.au=Marchetti%2C+C&rft.au=Dawson%2C+S&rft.au=Lambe%2C+T&rft.au=Liu%2C+C&rft.au=Rodrigues%2C+NP&rft.au=Crockford%2C+TL&rft.au=Cabuy%2C+E&rft.au=Vindigni%2C+A&rft.au=Enver%2C+T&rft.au=Bell%2C+JI&rft.au=Slijepcevic%2C+P&rft.au=Goodnow%2C+CC&rft.au=Jeggo%2C+PA&rft.au=Cornall%2C+RJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid23722522-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid23722522_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilgnerNeganovaMoreno-GimenoAl-Aama2013" class="citation journal cs1">Tilgner K, Neganova I, Moreno-Gimeno I, Al-Aama JY, Burks D, Yung S, et al. (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705601">"A human iPSC model of Ligase IV deficiency reveals an important role for NHEJ-mediated-DSB repair in the survival and genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells and emerging haematopoietic progenitors"</a>. <i>Cell Death and Differentiation</i>. <b>20</b> (8): 1089–1100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fcdd.2013.44">10.1038/cdd.2013.44</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705601">3705601</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23722522">23722522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Death+and+Differentiation&rft.atitle=A+human+iPSC+model+of+Ligase+IV+deficiency+reveals+an+important+role+for+NHEJ-mediated-DSB+repair+in+the+survival+and+genomic+stability+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+and+emerging+haematopoietic+progenitors&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1089-1100&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3705601%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23722522&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fcdd.2013.44&rft.aulast=Tilgner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Neganova%2C+I&rft.au=Moreno-Gimeno%2C+I&rft.au=Al-Aama%2C+JY&rft.au=Burks%2C+D&rft.au=Yung%2C+S&rft.au=Singhapol%2C+C&rft.au=Saretzki%2C+G&rft.au=Evans%2C+J&rft.au=Gorbunova%2C+V&rft.au=Gennery%2C+A&rft.au=Przyborski%2C+S&rft.au=Stojkovic%2C+M&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+L&rft.au=Jeggo%2C+P&rft.au=Lako%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3705601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19229323-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19229323_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucasEscuderoLigosSegovia2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lucas D, Escudero B, Ligos JM, Segovia JC, Estrada JC, Terrados G, et al. (February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638008">"Altered hematopoiesis in mice lacking DNA polymerase mu is due to inefficient double-strand break repair"</a>. <i>PLOS Genetics</i>. <b>5</b> (2): e1000389. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1000389">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000389</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638008">2638008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19229323">19229323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=Altered+hematopoiesis+in+mice+lacking+DNA+polymerase+mu+is+due+to+inefficient+double-strand+break+repair&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e1000389&rft.date=2009-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2638008%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19229323&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1000389&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Escudero%2C+B&rft.au=Ligos%2C+JM&rft.au=Segovia%2C+JC&rft.au=Estrada%2C+JC&rft.au=Terrados%2C+G&rft.au=Blanco%2C+L&rft.au=Samper%2C+E&rft.au=Bernad%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2638008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid25075129-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid25075129_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvagyanChurchillYamamotoCrowe2014" class="citation journal cs1">Avagyan S, Churchill M, Yamamoto K, Crowe JL, Li C, Lee BJ, et al. (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155271">"Hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction underlies the progressive lymphocytopenia in XLF/Cernunnos deficiency"</a>. <i>Blood</i>. <b>124</b> (10): 1622–1625. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2014-05-574863">10.1182/blood-2014-05-574863</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155271">4155271</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25075129">25075129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Hematopoietic+stem+cell+dysfunction+underlies+the+progressive+lymphocytopenia+in+XLF%2FCernunnos+deficiency&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1622-1625&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4155271%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25075129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood-2014-05-574863&rft.aulast=Avagyan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Churchill%2C+M&rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+K&rft.au=Crowe%2C+JL&rft.au=Li%2C+C&rft.au=Lee%2C+BJ&rft.au=Zheng%2C+T&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+S&rft.au=Zha%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4155271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tilgnerb-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tilgnerb_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tilgnerb_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilgnerNeganovaSinghapolSaretzki2013" class="citation journal cs1">Tilgner K, Neganova I, Singhapol C, Saretzki G, Al-Aama JY, Evans J, et al. (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fstem.1456">"Brief report: a human induced pluripotent stem cell model of cernunnos deficiency reveals an important role for XLF in the survival of the primitive hematopoietic progenitors"</a>. <i>Stem Cells</i>. <b>31</b> (9): 2015–2023. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fstem.1456">10.1002/stem.1456</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23818183">23818183</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3623309">3623309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stem+Cells&rft.atitle=Brief+report%3A+a+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+model+of+cernunnos+deficiency+reveals+an+important+role+for+XLF+in+the+survival+of+the+primitive+hematopoietic+progenitors&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2015-2023&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3623309%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23818183&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fstem.1456&rft.aulast=Tilgner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Neganova%2C+I&rft.au=Singhapol%2C+C&rft.au=Saretzki%2C+G&rft.au=Al-Aama%2C+JY&rft.au=Evans%2C+J&rft.au=Gorbunova%2C+V&rft.au=Gennery%2C+A&rft.au=Przyborski%2C+S&rft.au=Stojkovic%2C+M&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+L&rft.au=Jeggo%2C+P&rft.au=Lako%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fstem.1456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17554309-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17554309_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiBryderSeitaNussenzweig2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rossi DJ, Bryder D, Seita J, Nussenzweig A, Hoeijmakers J, Weissman IL (June 2007). "Deficiencies in DNA damage repair limit the function of haematopoietic stem cells with age". <i>Nature</i>. <b>447</b> (7145): 725–729. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.447..725R">2007Natur.447..725R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05862">10.1038/nature05862</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17554309">17554309</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4416445">4416445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Deficiencies+in+DNA+damage+repair+limit+the+function+of+haematopoietic+stem+cells+with+age&rft.volume=447&rft.issue=7145&rft.pages=725-729&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05862&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4416445%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17554309&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.447..725R&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Bryder%2C+D&rft.au=Seita%2C+J&rft.au=Nussenzweig%2C+A&rft.au=Hoeijmakers%2C+J&rft.au=Weissman%2C+IL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jun/01/research-may-reveal-why-people-can-suddenly-become-frail-in-their-70s">"Research may reveal why people can suddenly become frail in their 70s"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 1 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Research+may+reveal+why+people+can+suddenly+become+frail+in+their+70s&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2022%2Fjun%2F01%2Fresearch-may-reveal-why-people-can-suddenly-become-frail-in-their-70s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchellSpencer_ChapmanWilliamsDawson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Mitchell, Emily; Spencer Chapman, Michael; Williams, Nicholas; Dawson, Kevin J.; Mende, Nicole; Calderbank, Emily F.; Jung, Hyunchul; Mitchell, Thomas; Coorens, Tim H. H.; Spencer, David H.; Machado, Heather; Lee-Six, Henry; Davies, Megan; Hayler, Daniel; Fabre, Margarete A.; Mahbubani, Krishnaa; Abascal, Federico; Cagan, Alex; Vassiliou, George S.; Baxter, Joanna; Martincorena, Inigo; Stratton, Michael R.; Kent, David G.; Chatterjee, Krishna; Parsy, Kourosh Saeb; Green, Anthony R.; Nangalia, Jyoti; Laurenti, Elisa; Campbell, Peter J. (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9177428">"Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>606</b> (7913): 343–350. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022Natur.606..343M">2022Natur.606..343M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-04786-y">10.1038/s41586-022-04786-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9177428">9177428</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35650442">35650442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Clonal+dynamics+of+haematopoiesis+across+the+human+lifespan&rft.volume=606&rft.issue=7913&rft.pages=343-350&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9177428%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022Natur.606..343M&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35650442&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-022-04786-y&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Spencer+Chapman%2C+Michael&rft.au=Williams%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Dawson%2C+Kevin+J.&rft.au=Mende%2C+Nicole&rft.au=Calderbank%2C+Emily+F.&rft.au=Jung%2C+Hyunchul&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Coorens%2C+Tim+H.+H.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+David+H.&rft.au=Machado%2C+Heather&rft.au=Lee-Six%2C+Henry&rft.au=Davies%2C+Megan&rft.au=Hayler%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Fabre%2C+Margarete+A.&rft.au=Mahbubani%2C+Krishnaa&rft.au=Abascal%2C+Federico&rft.au=Cagan%2C+Alex&rft.au=Vassiliou%2C+George+S.&rft.au=Baxter%2C+Joanna&rft.au=Martincorena%2C+Inigo&rft.au=Stratton%2C+Michael+R.&rft.au=Kent%2C+David+G.&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C+Krishna&rft.au=Parsy%2C+Kourosh+Saeb&rft.au=Green%2C+Anthony+R.&rft.au=Nangalia%2C+Jyoti&rft.au=Laurenti%2C+Elisa&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9177428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoSieburgMuller-Sieburg2008" class="citation journal cs1">Cho, Rebecca H; Sieburg, Hans B; Muller-Sieburg, Christa E (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/111/12/5553/23825/A-new-mechanism-for-the-aging-of-hematopoietic">"A new mechanism for the aging of hematopoietic stem cells: aging changes the clonal composition of the stem cell compartment but not individual stem cells"</a>. <i>Blood</i>. <b>111</b> (12): 5553–5561. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2007-11-123547">10.1182/blood-2007-11-123547</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2424153">2424153</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413859">18413859</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=A+new+mechanism+for+the+aging+of+hematopoietic+stem+cells%3A+aging+changes+the+clonal+composition+of+the+stem+cell+compartment+but+not+individual+stem+cells&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=5553-5561&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2424153%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18413859&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood-2007-11-123547&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+H&rft.au=Sieburg%2C+Hans+B&rft.au=Muller-Sieburg%2C+Christa+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fashpublications.org%2Fblood%2Farticle%2F111%2F12%2F5553%2F23825%2FA-new-mechanism-for-the-aging-of-hematopoietic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlamesGarcia-PerezMeanaLarcher2015" class="citation journal cs1">Llames, Sara; Garcia-Perez, Eva; Meana, Alvaro; Larcher, Fernando; del Rio, Marcela (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533020">"Feeder Layer Cell Actions and Applications"</a>. <i>Tissue Eng Part B Rev</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 345–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Ften.teb.2014.0547">10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0547</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533020">4533020</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25659081">25659081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tissue+Eng+Part+B+Rev&rft.atitle=Feeder+Layer+Cell+Actions+and+Applications&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=345-353&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4533020%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25659081&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Ften.teb.2014.0547&rft.aulast=Llames&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Garcia-Perez%2C+Eva&rft.au=Meana%2C+Alvaro&rft.au=Larcher%2C+Fernando&rft.au=del+Rio%2C+Marcela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4533020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12899713-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12899713_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgerSpooDwengerBurger2003" class="citation journal cs1">Burger JA, Spoo A, Dwenger A, Burger M, Behringer D (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2141.2003.04466.x">"CXCR4 chemokine receptors (CD184) and alpha4beta1 integrins mediate spontaneous migration of human CD34+ progenitors and acute myeloid leukaemia cells beneath marrow stromal cells (pseudoemperipolesis)"</a>. <i>British Journal of Haematology</i>. <b>122</b> (4): 579–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2141.2003.04466.x">10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04466.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12899713">12899713</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8764752">8764752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Haematology&rft.atitle=CXCR4+chemokine+receptors+%28CD184%29+and+alpha4beta1+integrins+mediate+spontaneous+migration+of+human+CD34%2B+progenitors+and+acute+myeloid+leukaemia+cells+beneath+marrow+stromal+cells+%28pseudoemperipolesis%29&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=579-89&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8764752%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12899713&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2141.2003.04466.x&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Spoo%2C+A&rft.au=Dwenger%2C+A&rft.au=Burger%2C+M&rft.au=Behringer%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1365-2141.2003.04466.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSieburgMüller-Sieburg2004" class="citation journal cs1">Sieburg HB, Müller-Sieburg CE (2004). "Classification of short kinetics by shape". <i>In Silico Biology</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 209–17. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15107024">15107024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Silico+Biology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+short+kinetics+by+shape&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=209-17&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15107024&rft.aulast=Sieburg&rft.aufirst=HB&rft.au=M%C3%BCller-Sieburg%2C+CE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChallenBolesLinGoodell2009" class="citation journal cs1">Challen, Grant A.; Boles, Nathan; Lin, Kuan-Yin K.; Goodell, Margaret A. (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2640229">"Mouse hematopoietic stem cell identification and analysis"</a>. <i>Cytometry Part A</i>. <b>75A</b> (1): 14–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.20674">10.1002/cyto.a.20674</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2640229">2640229</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19023891">19023891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.atitle=Mouse+hematopoietic+stem+cell+identification+and+analysis&rft.volume=75A&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-24&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2640229%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19023891&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcyto.a.20674&rft.aulast=Challen&rft.aufirst=Grant+A.&rft.au=Boles%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Lin%2C+Kuan-Yin+K.&rft.au=Goodell%2C+Margaret+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2640229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller-SieburgChoThomanAdkins2002" class="citation journal cs1">Müller-Sieburg CE, Cho RH, Thoman M, Adkins B, Sieburg HB (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V100.4.1302.h81602001302_1302_1309">"Deterministic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation"</a>. <i>Blood</i>. <b>100</b> (4): 1302–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood.V100.4.1302.h81602001302_1302_1309">10.1182/blood.V100.4.1302.h81602001302_1302_1309</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12149211">12149211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Deterministic+regulation+of+hematopoietic+stem+cell+self-renewal+and+differentiation&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1302-9&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood.V100.4.1302.h81602001302_1302_1309&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12149211&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller-Sieburg&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.au=Cho%2C+RH&rft.au=Thoman%2C+M&rft.au=Adkins%2C+B&rft.au=Sieburg%2C+HB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1182%252Fblood.V100.4.1302.h81602001302_1302_1309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MullerSieburg-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MullerSieburg_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MullerSieburg_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller-SieburgChoKarlssonHuang2004" class="citation journal cs1">Muller-Sieburg CE, Cho RH, Karlsson L, Huang JF, Sieburg HB (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2003-10-3448">"Myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells have extensive self-renewal capacity but generate diminished lymphoid progeny with impaired IL-7 responsiveness"</a>. <i>Blood</i>. <b>103</b> (11): 4111–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2003-10-3448">10.1182/blood-2003-10-3448</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14976059">14976059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Myeloid-biased+hematopoietic+stem+cells+have+extensive+self-renewal+capacity+but+generate+diminished+lymphoid+progeny+with+impaired+IL-7+responsiveness&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=4111-8&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood-2003-10-3448&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14976059&rft.aulast=Muller-Sieburg&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.au=Cho%2C+RH&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+L&rft.au=Huang%2C+JF&rft.au=Sieburg%2C+HB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1182%252Fblood-2003-10-3448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSieburgChoDykstraUchida2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sieburg HB, Cho RH, Dykstra B, Uchida N, Eaves CJ, Muller-Sieburg CE (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1456063">"The hematopoietic stem compartment consists of a limited number of discrete stem cell subsets"</a>. <i>Blood</i>. <b>107</b> (6): 2311–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2005-07-2970">10.1182/blood-2005-07-2970</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1456063">1456063</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16291588">16291588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=The+hematopoietic+stem+compartment+consists+of+a+limited+number+of+discrete+stem+cell+subsets&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2311-6&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1456063%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16291588&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood-2005-07-2970&rft.aulast=Sieburg&rft.aufirst=HB&rft.au=Cho%2C+RH&rft.au=Dykstra%2C+B&rft.au=Uchida%2C+N&rft.au=Eaves%2C+CJ&rft.au=Muller-Sieburg%2C+CE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1456063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schroeder,_T_2010-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schroeder,_T_2010_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder2010" class="citation journal cs1">Schroeder T (March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2010.02.006">"Hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity: subtypes, not unpredictable behavior"</a>. <i>Cell Stem Cell</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 203–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2010.02.006">10.1016/j.stem.2010.02.006</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20207223">20207223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stem+Cell&rft.atitle=Hematopoietic+stem+cell+heterogeneity%3A+subtypes%2C+not+unpredictable+behavior&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=203-7&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stem.2010.02.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20207223&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.stem.2010.02.006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDykstraKentBowieMcCaffrey2007" class="citation journal cs1">Dykstra B, Kent D, Bowie M, McCaffrey L, Hamilton M, Lyons K, et al. (August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2007.05.015">"Long-term propagation of distinct hematopoietic differentiation programs in vivo"</a>. <i>Cell Stem Cell</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 218–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2007.05.015">10.1016/j.stem.2007.05.015</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18371352">18371352</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stem+Cell&rft.atitle=Long-term+propagation+of+distinct+hematopoietic+differentiation+programs+in+vivo&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=218-29&rft.date=2007-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stem.2007.05.015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18371352&rft.aulast=Dykstra&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Kent%2C+D&rft.au=Bowie%2C+M&rft.au=McCaffrey%2C+L&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+M&rft.au=Lyons%2C+K&rft.au=Lee%2C+SJ&rft.au=Brinkman%2C+R&rft.au=Eaves%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.stem.2007.05.015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Challen,_G._2010-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Challen,_G._2010_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChallenBolesChambersGoodell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Challen GA, Boles NC, Chambers SM, Goodell MA (March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837284">"Distinct hematopoietic stem cell subtypes are differentially regulated by TGF-beta1"</a>. <i>Cell Stem Cell</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 265–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stem.2010.02.002">10.1016/j.stem.2010.02.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837284">2837284</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20207229">20207229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stem+Cell&rft.atitle=Distinct+hematopoietic+stem+cell+subtypes+are+differentially+regulated+by+TGF-beta1&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-78&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2837284%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20207229&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stem.2010.02.002&rft.aulast=Challen&rft.aufirst=GA&rft.au=Boles%2C+NC&rft.au=Chambers%2C+SM&rft.au=Goodell%2C+MA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2837284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RandDict-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RandDict_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlexnerHauck1993" class="citation book cs1">Flexner SB, Hauck LC, eds. (1993). <i>Random House Unabridged Dictionary</i> (2nd ed.). New York City: Random House. p. 890. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-42917-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-42917-4"><bdi>0-679-42917-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Random+House+Unabridged+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=890&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-679-42917-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHematopoietic+stem+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/blood-stem-cells-pioneers-stem-cell-research">Fact sheet about blood stem cells on EuroStemCell</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Template:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Template talk:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Myeloid blood cells and plasma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Myeloid blood cells and <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis">Hematopoiesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Myelopoiesis(CFU-GEMM)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myelopoiesis" title="Myelopoiesis">Myelopoiesis</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granulopoiesis" title="Granulopoiesis">Granulopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloblast" title="Myeloblast">Myeloblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promyelocyte" title="Promyelocyte">Promyelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelocyte" title="Myelocyte">Myelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamyelocyte" title="Metamyelocyte">Metamyelocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_cell" title="Band cell">Band cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monocytopoiesis" title="Monocytopoiesis">Monocytopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoblast" title="Monoblast">Monoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promonocyte" title="Promonocyte">Promonocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte%E2%80%93erythroid_progenitor_cell" title="Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell">MEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoiesis" title="Thrombopoiesis">Thrombopoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryoblast" title="Megakaryoblast">Megakaryoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegakaryocyte" title="Promegakaryocyte">Promegakaryocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoiesis" title="Erythropoiesis">Erythropoiesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proerythroblast" title="Proerythroblast">Proerythroblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Normoblast">Normoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulocyte" title="Reticulocyte">Reticulocyte</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extramedullary_hematopoiesis" title="Extramedullary hematopoiesis">Extramedullary hematopoiesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myeloid_tissue" title="Myeloid tissue">Myeloid tissue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte" title="Granulocyte">Granulocytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloblast" title="Myeloblast">Myeloblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_cell" title="Band cell">Band cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">Neutrophil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">Basophil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Baso" title="CFU-Baso">CFU-Baso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosinophil" title="Eosinophil">Eosinophil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Eos" title="CFU-Eos">CFU-Eos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">Mast cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Mast" title="CFU-Mast">CFU-Mast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">Monocytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">Macrophages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histiocyte" title="Histiocyte">Histiocytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupffer_cell" title="Kupffer cell">Kupffer cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_macrophage" title="Alveolar macrophage">Alveolar macrophage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">Microglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">Osteoclasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelioid_cell" title="Epithelioid cell">Epithelioid cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_cell" title="Giant cell">giant cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langhans_giant_cell" title="Langhans giant cell">Langhans giant cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-body_giant_cell" title="Foreign-body giant cell">Foreign-body giant cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touton_giant_cell" title="Touton giant cell">Touton giant cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Antigen-presenting cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">Dendritic cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langerhans_cell" title="Langerhans cell">Langerhans cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-DL" title="CFU-DL">CFU-DL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoblast" title="Monoblast">Monoblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mononuclear_phagocyte_system" title="Mononuclear phagocyte system">MPS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">Platelets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-Meg" title="CFU-Meg">CFU-Meg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryoblast" title="Megakaryoblast">Megakaryoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegakaryocyte" title="Promegakaryocyte">Promegakaryocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">Megakaryocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">Red blood cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reticulocyte" title="Reticulocyte">Reticulocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleated_red_blood_cell" title="Nucleated red blood cell">Nucleated red blood cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-E" title="CFU-E">CFU-E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immune response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_extravasation" title="Leukocyte extravasation">Leukocyte extravasation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">Phagocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_immunity" title="Intrinsic immunity">Intrinsic immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Precursor cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte%E2%80%93erythroid_progenitor_cell" title="Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell">Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFU-GEMM" title="CFU-GEMM">CFU-GEMM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelomonocyte" title="Myelomonocyte">Myelomonocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phagocyte" title="Phagocyte">Phagocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">Plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic system">Hematopoietic system</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hematopoietic stem cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lymphocytes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lymphocytes" title="Template:Lymphocytes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lymphocytes" title="Template talk:Lymphocytes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lymphocytes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lymphocytes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lymphocytes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">Lymphocytes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-1_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 cell">B1 cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmablast" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmablast">Plasmablast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell" title="Plasma cell">Plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_B_cell" title="Memory B cell">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicular_B_cell" title="Follicular B cell">Follicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_zone_B-cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal zone B-cell">Marginal zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naive_B_cell" title="Naive B cell">Naïve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_cell#Development" title="B cell">Pre-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_B_cell" title="Regulatory B cell">B<sub>reg</sub> cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B10_cell" title="B10 cell">B10 cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_B_cell" title="Transitional B cell">Transitional B cell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lymphoplasmacytoid_cell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lymphoplasmacytoid cell (page does not exist)">Lymphoplasmacytoid cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thymocyte" title="Thymocyte">Thymocyte</a></li> <li>αβ (<a href="/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell" title="Cytotoxic T cell">Cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_helper_cell" title="T helper cell">Helper CD4<sup>+</sup></a> / <a href="/wiki/Follicular_B_helper_T_cells" title="Follicular B helper T cells">T<sub>FH</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/T_helper_3_cell" title="T helper 3 cell">T<sub>h</sub>3</a> / <a href="/wiki/T_helper_17_cell" title="T helper 17 cell">T<sub>h</sub>17</a> / <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_T_cell" title="Regulatory T cell">Regulatory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naive_T_cell" title="Naive T cell">Naïve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_T_cell" title="Memory T cell">Memory T cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_memory_T_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Central memory T cell">T<sub>CM</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effector_memory_T_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Effector memory T cell">T<sub>EM</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue-resident_memory_T_cell" title="Tissue-resident memory T cell">T<sub>RM</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory_T_cell" title="Virtual memory T cell">T<sub>VM</sub></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Innate-like_T_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Innate-like T cell">Innate-like T cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_T_cell" title="Natural killer T cell">Natural killer T cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_delta_T_cell" title="Gamma delta T cell">γδ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucosal_associated_invariant_T_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosal associated invariant T cell">Mucosal associated invariant T cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Innate_lymphoid_cell" title="Innate lymphoid cell">Innate lymphoid cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="NK_cells" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_cell" title="Natural killer cell">NK cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytokine-induced_killer_cell" title="Cytokine-induced killer cell">Cytokine-induced killer cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphokine-activated_killer_cell" title="Lymphokine-activated killer cell">Lymphokine-activated killer cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null_cell" title="Null cell">Null cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_NK_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive NK cells">Adaptive NK cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_natural_killer_cells" title="Uterine natural killer cells">Uterine natural killer cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_1_innate_lymphoid_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 1 innate lymphoid cell">Type 1 innate lymphoid cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_2_innate_lymphoid_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 2 innate lymphoid cell">Type 2 innate lymphoid cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuocyte" title="Nuocyte">Nuocytes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_3_innate_lymphoid_cells" title="Type 3 innate lymphoid cells">Type 3 innate lymphoid cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTi_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="LTi cells">LTi cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lymphopoiesis" title="Lymphopoiesis">Lymphopoiesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hematopoietic stem cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphoblast" title="Lymphoblast">Lymphoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolymphocyte" title="Prolymphocyte">Prolymphocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stem_cells" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stem_cells" title="Template:Stem cells"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stem_cells" title="Template talk:Stem cells"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stem_cells" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stem cells"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stem_cells" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">Stem cells</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources/types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell" title="Embryonic stem cell">Embryonic stem cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_stem_cell" title="Adult stem cell">Adult stem cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_stem_cell" title="Cancer stem cell">Cancer stem cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell" title="Induced pluripotent stem cell">Induced pluripotent stem cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_potency" title="Cell potency">Cell potency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Totipotent</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">Zygote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morula" class="mw-redirect" title="Morula">Morula</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Pluripotent</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell" title="Embryonic stem cell">Embryonic stem cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callus_(cell_biology)" title="Callus (cell biology)">Callus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Multipotent</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progenitor_cell" title="Progenitor cell">Progenitor cell</a>: <a href="/wiki/Endothelial_stem_cell" title="Endothelial stem cell">Endothelial stem cell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hematopoietic stem cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell" title="Mesenchymal stem cell">Mesenchymal stem cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_stem_cell" title="Neural stem cell">Neural stem cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Unipotent</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precursor_cell" title="Precursor cell">Precursor cell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">Cellular differentiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell therapy">Stem cell therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_controversy" title="Stem cell controversy">Stem cell controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell line">Stem cell line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_laws" title="Stem cell laws">Stem cell laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Stem cell laws and policy in the United States">Stem cell laws and policy in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetics_in_stem_cell_differentiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation">Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Stem_cells" title="Category:Stem cells">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514525#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Blutstammzelle"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4146093-5">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85060138">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cellules souches hématopoïétiques"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12213303k">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cellules souches hématopoïétiques"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12213303k">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="krvetvorné kmenové buňky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121650&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555532305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&oldid=1240750832">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&oldid=1240750832</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hematopoietic_stem_cells" title="Category:Hematopoietic stem cells">Hematopoietic stem cells</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Blood_cells" title="Category:Blood cells">Blood cells</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stem_cells" title="Category:Stem cells">Stem cells</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_too_technical_from_August_2015" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from August 2015">Wikipedia articles that are too technical from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_too_technical" title="Category:All articles that are too technical">All articles that are too technical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 August 2024, at 05:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hematopoietic_stem_cell&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-pk86d","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.789","walltime":"1.024","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5191,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":214698,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4463,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":224829,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 868.047 1 -total"," 42.89% 372.269 1 Template:Reflist"," 33.92% 294.479 40 Template:Cite_journal"," 16.40% 142.331 11 Template:Navbox"," 12.33% 106.993 1 Template:Myeloid_blood_cells_and_plasma"," 9.77% 84.792 1 Template:Infobox_cell"," 9.47% 82.192 1 Template:Infobox_anatomy"," 8.94% 77.582 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.04% 61.134 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.37% 55.257 1 Template:Further"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.501","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7456781,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2hmlm","timestamp":"20241122141416","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hematopoietic stem cell","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hematopoietic_stem_cell","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q514525","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q514525","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-10T23:38:40Z","dateModified":"2024-08-17T05:53:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f0\/Hematopoiesis_simple.svg","headline":"stem cell type that gives rise to other blood cells"}</script> </body> </html>