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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="ساعة القيامة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساعة القيامة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyam%C9%99t_g%C3%BCn%C3%BC_saat%C4%B1" title="Qiyamət günü saatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qiyamət günü saatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Гадзіннік Суднага дня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гадзіннік Суднага дня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Гадзіньнік Суднага Дня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гадзіньнік Суднага Дня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B4" title="Часовник на Страшния съд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Часовник на Страшния съд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rellotge_de_l%27Apocalipsi" title="Rellotge de l'Apocalipsi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rellotge de l'Apocalipsi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodiny_Posledn%C3%ADho_soudu" title="Hodiny Posledního soudu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hodiny Posledního soudu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dommedagsuret" title="Dommedagsuret – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dommedagsuret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltuntergangsuhr" title="Weltuntergangsuhr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltuntergangsuhr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viimsep%C3%A4eva_kell" title="Viimsepäeva kell – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viimsepäeva kell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ρολόι της Αποκάλυψης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρολόι της Αποκάλυψης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reloj_del_Apocalipsis" title="Reloj del Apocalipsis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reloj del Apocalipsis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsa_horlo%C4%9Do" title="Apokalipsa horloĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apokalipsa horloĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساعت آخرالزمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت آخرالزمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_de_la_fin_du_monde" title="Horloge de la fin du monde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Horloge de la fin du monde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="운명의 날 시계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="운명의 날 시계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oge_Ikpeaz%E1%BB%A5" title="Oge Ikpeazụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Oge Ikpeazụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_Kiamat" title="Jam Kiamat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jam Kiamat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3msdagsklukkan" title="Dómsdagsklukkan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dómsdagsklukkan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orologio_dell%27apocalisse" title="Orologio dell'apocalisse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orologio dell'apocalisse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F" title="שעון יום הדין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שעון יום הדין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Қиямет күні сағаты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қиямет күні сағаты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_v%C3%A9g%C3%ADt%C3%A9let_%C3%B3r%C3%A1ja" title="A végítélet órája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A végítélet órája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അന്ത്യദിനഘടികാരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്ത്യദിനഘടികാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doemdagklok" title="Doemdagklok – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Doemdagklok" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B5%82%E6%9C%AB%E6%99%82%E8%A8%88" title="世界終末時計 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界終末時計" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dommedagsklokka" title="Dommedagsklokka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dommedagsklokka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zegar_zag%C5%82ady" title="Zegar zagłady – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zegar zagłady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rel%C3%B3gio_do_Ju%C3%ADzo_Final" title="Relógio do Juízo Final – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relógio do Juízo Final" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasul_Apocalipsei" title="Ceasul Apocalipsei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceasul Apocalipsei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Часы Судного дня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Часы Судного дня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_e_fundit_t%C3%AB_bot%C3%ABs" title="Ora e fundit të botës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ora e fundit të botës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Doomsday Clock" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodiny_s%C3%BAdneho_d%C5%88a" title="Hodiny súdneho dňa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hodiny súdneho dňa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ura_sodnega_dne" title="Ura sodnega dne – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ura sodnega dne" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuomiop%C3%A4iv%C3%A4n_kello" title="Tuomiopäivän kello – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuomiopäivän kello" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domedagsklockan" title="Domedagsklockan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Domedagsklockan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orasan_ng_pagkagunaw" title="Orasan ng pagkagunaw – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Orasan ng pagkagunaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஊழிநாள் கடிகாரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊழிநாள் கடிகாரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="นาฬิกาวันสิ้นโลก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาฬิกาวันสิ้นโลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1yamet_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC_Saati" title="Kıyamet Günü Saati – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıyamet Günü Saati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Годинник Судного дня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Годинник Судного дня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_h%E1%BB%93_ng%C3%A0y_t%E1%BA%ADn_th%E1%BA%BF" title="Đồng hồ ngày tận thế – Vietnamese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Symbol which represents the likelihood of a human-made global catastrophe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the symbol of global catastrophe. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Doomsday Clock (disambiguation)">Doomsday Clock (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Doomsday Clock</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(1.5_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/180px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/240px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Doomsday Clock pictured at its setting of "89 seconds to midnight", last changed in January 2025</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annually</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1947<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1947-06</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Most recent</th><td class="infobox-data">January 28, 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organized by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock">thebulletin<wbr />.org<wbr />/doomsday-clock</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237488#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Doomsday Clock</b> is a symbol that represents the estimated likelihood of a human-made <a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">global catastrophe</a>, in the opinion of the <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maintained since 1947, the Clock is a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a>, not a prediction, for threats to humanity from unchecked scientific and technological advances. That is, the time on the Clock is not to be interpreted as actual time. A hypothetical global catastrophe is represented by midnight on the Clock, with the <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s opinion on how close the world is to one represented by a certain number of minutes or seconds to midnight, which is then assessed in January of each year. The main factors influencing the Clock are <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Science and Security Board monitors new developments in the <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a> and technology that could inflict irrevocable harm to humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-2007PressRelease_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2007PressRelease-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Clock's original setting in 1947 was 7 minutes to midnight. It has since been set backward 8 times and forward 18 times. The farthest time from midnight was 17 minutes in 1991, and the closest is 89 seconds, set in January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-Lukiv2025_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lukiv2025-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Clock was moved to 150 seconds (2 minutes, 30 seconds) in 2017, then forward to 2 minutes to midnight in 2018, and left unchanged in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-bulletin2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulletin2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was moved forward to 100 seconds (1 minute, 40 seconds) in 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-james_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90 seconds (1 minute, 30 seconds) in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-bulletin2023_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulletin2023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 89 seconds (1 minute, 29 seconds) in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg/250px-Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg/330px-Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg/500px-Bulletin_Atomic_Scientists_Cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cover of the 1947 <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i> issue, featuring the Doomsday Clock at "seven minutes to midnight"</figcaption></figure> <p>The Doomsday Clock's origin can be traced to the international group of researchers called the Chicago Atomic Scientists, who had participated in the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Spokesman-Review_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Spokesman-Review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a>, they began publishing a <a href="/wiki/Mimeograph" title="Mimeograph">mimeographed</a> newsletter and then the magazine, <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>, which, since its inception, has depicted the Clock on every cover. The Clock was first represented in 1947, when the <i>Bulletin</i> co-founder Hyman Goldsmith asked artist <a href="/wiki/Martyl_Langsdorf" title="Martyl Langsdorf">Martyl Langsdorf</a> (wife of Manhattan Project research associate and <a href="/wiki/Szil%C3%A1rd_petition" title="Szilárd petition">Szilárd petition</a> signatory <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Langsdorf_Jr." title="Alexander Langsdorf Jr.">Alexander Langsdorf Jr.</a>) to design a cover for the magazine's June 1947 issue. As <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Rabinowitch" title="Eugene Rabinowitch">Eugene Rabinowitch</a>, another co-founder of the <i>Bulletin</i>, explained later: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Clock is not a gauge to register the ups and downs of the international power struggle; it is intended to reflect basic changes in the level of continuous danger in which mankind lives in the nuclear age...<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Langsdorf chose a clock to reflect the urgency of the problem: like a countdown, the Clock suggests that destruction will naturally occur unless someone takes action to stop it.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2007, designer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bierut" title="Michael Bierut">Michael Bierut</a>, who was on the <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Governing Board, redesigned the Doomsday Clock to give it a more modern feel. In 2009, the <i>Bulletin</i> ceased its print edition and became one of the first print publications in the U.S. to become entirely digital; the Clock is now found as part of the logo on the <i>Bulletin</i>'s website. Information about the Doomsday Clock Symposium,<sup id="cite_ref-Doomsday_Clock_Symposium_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doomsday_Clock_Symposium-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a timeline of the Clock's settings,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and multimedia shows about the Clock's history and culture<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can also be found on the <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s website. </p><p>The 5th Doomsday Clock Symposium<sup id="cite_ref-Doomsday_Clock_Symposium_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doomsday_Clock_Symposium-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was held on November 14, 2013, in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; it was a day-long event that was open to the public and featured panelists discussing various issues on the topic "Communicating Catastrophe". There was also an evening event at the <a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden</a> in conjunction with the Hirshhorn's current exhibit, "Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950".<sup id="cite_ref-November_15,_2013_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_15,_2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panel discussions, held at the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, were streamed live from the <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s website and can still be viewed there.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reflecting international events dangerous to humankind, the Clock has been adjusted 25 times since its inception in 1947, when it was set to "seven minutes to midnight".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Doomsday Clock has become a universally recognized metaphor according to <i>The Two-Way</i>, an NPR blog.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i>Bulletin</i>, the Clock attracts more daily visitors to the <i>Bulletin</i>'s site than any other feature.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis_for_settings">Basis for settings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Basis for settings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Midnight" has a deeper meaning besides the constant threat of war. There are various elements taken into consideration when the scientists from the <i>Bulletin</i> decide what Midnight and "global catastrophe" really mean in a particular year. They might include "politics, energy, weapons, diplomacy, and climate science";<sup id="cite_ref-NPR.org_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potential sources of threat include <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_threat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear threat">nuclear threats</a>, climate change, <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a>, and artificial intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the board judge Midnight by discussing how close they think humanity is to the end of civilization. In 1947, at the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1947%E2%80%931953)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold War (1947–1953)">beginning of the Cold War</a>, the Clock was started at seven minutes to midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fluctuations_and_threats">Fluctuations and threats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fluctuations and threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before January 2020, the two tied-for-lowest points for the Doomsday Clock were in 1953 (when the Clock was set to two minutes until midnight, after the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> began testing <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bombs">hydrogen bombs</a>) and in 2018, following the failure of world leaders to address tensions relating to nuclear weapons and climate change issues. In other years, the Clock's time has fluctuated from 17 minutes in 1991 to 2 minutes 30 seconds in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Closer_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closer-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discussing the change in 2017, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Krauss" title="Lawrence Krauss">Lawrence Krauss</a>, one of the scientists from the <i>Bulletin</i>, warned that political leaders must make decisions based on facts, and those facts "must be taken into account if the future of humanity is to be preserved".<sup id="cite_ref-NPR.org_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an announcement from the <i>Bulletin</i> about the status of the Clock, they went as far to call for action from "wise" public officials and "wise" citizens to make an attempt to steer human life away from catastrophe while humans still can.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 24, 2018, scientists moved the clock to two minutes to midnight, based on threats greatest in the nuclear realm. The scientists said, of recent moves by <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> under <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> and the administration of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the U.S.: "Hyperbolic rhetoric and provocative actions by both sides have increased the possibility of nuclear war by accident or miscalculation".<sup id="cite_ref-Closer_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closer-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The clock was left unchanged in 2019 due to the twin threats of nuclear weapons and climate change, and the problem of those threats being "exacerbated this past year by the increased use of information warfare to undermine democracy around the world, amplifying risk from these and other threats and putting the future of civilization in extraordinary danger".<sup id="cite_ref-bulletin2019_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulletin2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 23, 2020, the Clock was moved to 100 seconds (1 minute, 40 seconds) before midnight. The <i>Bulletin</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s executive chairman, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a>, said "the dangerous rivalry and hostility among the superpowers increases the likelihood of nuclear blunder... Climate change just compounds the crisis".<sup id="cite_ref-james_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "100 seconds to midnight" setting remained unchanged in 2021 and 2022. </p><p>On January 24, 2023, the Clock was moved to 90 seconds (1 minute, 30 seconds) before midnight, which was largely attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">risk of nuclear escalation</a> that arose from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. Other reasons cited included climate change, biological threats such as <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, and risks associated with disinformation and <a href="/wiki/Disruptive_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Disruptive technologies">disruptive technologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bulletin2023_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulletin2023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 28, 2025, the Clock was moved to 89 seconds (1 minute, 29 seconds) before midnight, the closest it has ever been set to midnight since its inception in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Lukiv2025_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lukiv2025-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Anders_Sandberg" title="Anders Sandberg">Anders Sandberg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a> has stated that the "grab bag of threats" currently mixed together by the Clock can induce paralysis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People may be more likely to succeed at smaller, incremental challenges; for example, taking steps to prevent the accidental detonation of nuclear weapons was a small but significant step towards avoiding nuclear war.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alex Barasch in <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i> argued that "putting humanity on a permanent, blanket high-alert isn't helpful when it comes to policy or science" and criticized the <i>Bulletin</i> for neither explaining nor attempting to quantify their methodology.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive psychologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a> harshly criticized the Doomsday Clock as a political stunt, pointing to the words of its founder that its purpose was "to preserve civilization by scaring men into rationality". He stated that it is inconsistent and not based on any <a href="/wiki/Objectivity_(science)" title="Objectivity (science)">objective</a> indicators of security, using as an example its being farther from midnight in 1962 during the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> than in the "far calmer 2007". He argued it was another example of humanity's tendency toward historical pessimism, and compared it to other predictions of self-destruction that went unfulfilled.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conservative media outlets have often criticized the <i>Bulletin</i> and the Doomsday Clock. Keith Payne wrote 2010 in the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i> that the Clock overestimated the effects of "developments in the areas of nuclear testing and formal arms control".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Tristin Hopper in the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a></i> acknowledged that "there are plenty of things to worry about regarding climate change", but states that climate change is not in the same league as total nuclear destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-national_post_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national_post-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some critics accuse the <i>Bulletin</i> of pushing a political agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-national_post_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national_post-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg/960px-Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="768" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg/1152px-Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg/1536px-Doomsday_Clock_graph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><b>Doomsday Clock graph, 1947–2023</b>. The lower points on the graph represent a higher probability of technologically or environmentally-induced catastrophe, and the higher points represent a lower probability, in the opinion of the <i>Bulletin</i>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; clear:left"> <caption>Timeline of the Doomsday Clock<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Year </th> <th width="5%"><span class="nowrap">Minutes to</span> midnight </th> <th width="5%">Time (<a href="/wiki/24-hour_clock" title="24-hour clock">24-h</a>) </th> <th width="5%" data-sort-type="number">Change (minutes) </th> <th class="unsortable">Reason </th> <th class="unsortable">Clock </th></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>23:53 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left">The initial setting of the Doomsday Clock. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(7_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>23:57 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−4 </td> <td align="left">The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, the <a href="/wiki/RDS-1" title="RDS-1">RDS-1</a>, starting the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">nuclear arms race</a>. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(3_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>23:58 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−1 </td> <td align="left">The United States <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Mike" title="Ivy Mike">tests</a> its first <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermonuclear device">thermonuclear device</a> in November 1952 as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy" title="Operation Ivy">Operation Ivy</a>, before the Soviet Union follows suit with the <a href="/wiki/Joe_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe 4">Joe 4</a> test in August. This remained the clock's closest approach to midnight (tied in 2018) until 2020. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(2_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>23:53 </td> <td style="color:green">+5 </td> <td align="left">In response to a perception of increased scientific cooperation and public understanding of the dangers of nuclear weapons (as well as political actions taken to avoid "<a href="/wiki/Massive_retaliation" title="Massive retaliation">massive retaliation</a>"), the United States and Soviet Union cooperate and avoid direct confrontation in regional conflicts such as the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, the 1958 <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a>. Scientists from various countries help establish the <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">International Geophysical Year</a>, a series of coordinated, worldwide scientific observations between nations allied with both the United States and the Soviet Union, and the <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs</a>, which allow Soviet and American scientists to interact. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(7_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>23:48 </td> <td style="color:green">+5 </td> <td align="left">The United States and the Soviet Union sign the <a href="/wiki/Partial_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial Test Ban Treaty">Partial Test Ban Treaty</a>, limiting atmospheric nuclear testing. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(12_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>23:53 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−5 </td> <td align="left">The <a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the United States in the Vietnam War">involvement of the United States</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> intensifies, the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a> takes place, and the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> occurs in 1967. France and China, two nations which have not signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty, acquire and test nuclear weapons (the 1960 <i><a href="/wiki/Gerboise_Bleue" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerboise Bleue">Gerboise Bleue</a></i> and the 1964 <a href="/wiki/596_(nuclear_test)" class="mw-redirect" title="596 (nuclear test)">596</a>, respectively) to assert themselves as global players in the nuclear arms race. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(7_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>23:50 </td> <td style="color:green">+3 </td> <td align="left">Every nation in the world, with the notable exceptions of India, Israel, and Pakistan, signs the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(10_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>23:48 </td> <td style="color:green">+2 </td> <td align="left">The United States and the Soviet Union sign the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks#SALT_I_Treaty" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty</a> (SALT I) and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty</a>. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(12_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%2812_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>23:51 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−3 </td> <td align="left">India tests a nuclear device (<a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a>), and <a href="/wiki/SALT_II" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT II">SALT II</a> talks stall. Both the United States and the Soviet Union modernize <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles</a> (MIRVs). </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(9_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>23:53 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−2 </td> <td align="left">Unforeseeable end to deadlock in American–Soviet talks as the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> begins. As a result of the war, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> refuses to ratify the SALT II agreement. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(7_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>23:56 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−3 </td> <td align="left">The Soviet war in Afghanistan toughens the U.S.<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> nuclear posture. <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">withdraws the United States</a> from the <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympic Games</a> in Moscow. The Carter administration considers ways in which the United States could win a nuclear war. <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">becomes President of the United States</a>, scraps further arms reduction talks with the Soviet Union, and argues that the only way to end the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> is to win it. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union contribute to the danger of nuclear annihilation as they each deploy <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" title="Intermediate-range ballistic missile">intermediate-range missiles</a> in Europe. The adjustment also accounts for the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>, China's atmospheric nuclear warhead test, the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">declaration of martial law in Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> abuses across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_News_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_News-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(4_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Doomsday_clock_%284_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%284_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Doomsday_clock_%284_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%284_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>23:57 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−1 </td> <td align="left">Further escalation of the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, with the ongoing Soviet–Afghan War intensifying the Cold War. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Pershing_II" title="Pershing II">Pershing II</a> <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">medium-range ballistic missile</a> and <a href="/wiki/BGM-109G_Ground_Launched_Cruise_Missile" class="mw-redirect" title="BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile">cruise missiles</a> are deployed in Western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_News_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_News-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ronald Reagan pushes to win the Cold War by intensifying the arms race between the superpowers. The Soviet Union and its allies (except Romania) <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">boycott</a> the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Olympic Games</a> in Los Angeles, as a response to the U.S.-led boycott in 1980. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(3_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>23:54 </td> <td style="color:green">+3 </td> <td align="left">In December 1987, the United States and the Soviet Union sign the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a>, to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles, and their relations improve.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(6_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>23:50 </td> <td style="color:green">+4 </td> <td align="left">The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification of Germany</a>, mean that the Cold War is nearing its end. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(10_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%2810_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>23:43 </td> <td style="color:green">+7 </td> <td align="left">The United States and Soviet Union sign the <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">first Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty</a> (START I), the US announces the removal of many tactical nuclear weapons in September 1991, and the Soviet Union takes similar steps, as well as announcing the complete cessation of all nuclear testing in October 1991. The <i>Bulletin</i> editorial, published November 26, 1991, announces that "the 40-year-long East-West nuclear arms race is over."<sup id="cite_ref-Bulletin-1991_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulletin-1991-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One month after the <i>Bulletin</i> made this clock adjustment, the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union dissolves</a> on December 26, 1991. This is the farthest from midnight the Clock has been since its inception. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(17_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Doomsday_clock_%2817_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%2817_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Doomsday_clock_%2817_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%2817_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Doomsday_clock_%2817_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%2817_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>23:46 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−3 </td> <td align="left">Global military spending continues at Cold War levels amid concerns about post-Soviet nuclear proliferation of weapons and brainpower. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(14_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Doomsday_clock_%2814_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%2814_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Doomsday_clock_%2814_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%2814_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>23:51 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−5 </td> <td align="left">Both India (<a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a>) and Pakistan (<a href="/wiki/Chagai-I" title="Chagai-I">Chagai-I</a>) test nuclear weapons in a tit-for-tat show of aggression; the United States and Russia run into difficulties in further reducing stockpiles. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(9_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%289_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>23:53 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−2 </td> <td align="left">Little progress on global nuclear disarmament. United States rejects a series of arms control treaties and announces its intentions to withdraw from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, amid concerns about the possibility of a nuclear terrorist attack due to the amount of weapon-grade nuclear materials that are unsecured and unaccounted for worldwide. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(7_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%287_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>23:55 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−2 </td> <td align="left">North Korea <a href="/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test" title="2006 North Korean nuclear test">tests a nuclear weapon in October 2006</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran's <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">nuclear ambitions</a>, a renewed American emphasis on the military utility of nuclear weapons, the failure to adequately secure nuclear materials, and the continued presence of some 26,000 nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-2007PressRelease_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2007PressRelease-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After assessing the dangers posed to civilization, climate change was added to the prospect of nuclear annihilation as the greatest threats to humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(5_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>23:54 </td> <td style="color:green">+1 </td> <td align="left">Worldwide cooperation to reduce nuclear arsenals and limit effect of climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a> agreement is ratified by both the United States and Russia, and more negotiations for further reductions in the American and Russian nuclear arsenal are already planned. The <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> in Copenhagen results in the developing and industrialized countries agreeing to take responsibility for carbon emissions and to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(6_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%286_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>23:55 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−1 </td> <td align="left">Lack of global <a href="/wiki/Action_on_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Action on climate change">political action to address global climate change</a>, nuclear weapons stockpiles, the potential for regional nuclear conflict, and nuclear power safety.<sup id="cite_ref-2012PressRelease_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012PressRelease-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(5_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%285_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>23:57 </td> <td style="color:firebrick">−2 </td> <td align="left">Concerns amid continued lack of global political action to address global climate change, the modernization of nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia, and the problem of nuclear waste.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(3_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%283_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td data-sort-value="2.5"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> </td> <td>23:57:30 </td> <td style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.5">−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span><br />(−30 s) </td> <td align="left">United States President Donald Trump's comments over nuclear weapons, the threat of a renewed arms race between the U.S. and Russia, and the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">expressed disbelief in the scientific consensus over climate change</a> by the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-It_is_two_and_a_half_minutes_to_midnight_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-It_is_two_and_a_half_minutes_to_midnight-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2017_move_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_move-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR.org_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(2.5_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Doomsday_clock_%282.5_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%282.5_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Doomsday_clock_%282.5_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%282.5_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Doomsday_clock_%282.5_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%282.5_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>23:58 </td> <td style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.5">−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span><br />(−30 s) </td> <td align="left">Failure of world leaders to deal with looming threats of nuclear war and climate change. This is the clock's third closest approach to midnight, matching that of 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the <i>Bulletin</i> reaffirmed the "two minutes to midnight" time, citing continuing climate change and Trump administration's abandonment of U.S. efforts to lead the world toward <a href="/wiki/Decarbonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Decarbonization">decarbonization</a>; U.S. withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a>; U.S. and Russian nuclear modernization efforts; <a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">information warfare</a> threats and other dangers from "disruptive technologies" such as <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_biology" title="Synthetic biology">synthetic biology</a>, artificial intelligence, and <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(2_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%282_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td data-sort-value="1.67"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span><br />(100 s) </td> <td>23:58:20 </td> <td style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.33">−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span><br />(−20 s) </td> <td align="left">Failure of world leaders to deal with the increased threats of nuclear war, such as the end of the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> (INF) between the United States and Russia as well as increased tensions between the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, along with the continued neglect of climate change. Announced in units of seconds, instead of minutes; this is the clock's second closest approach to midnight, exceeding that of 1953 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Bulletin</i> concluded by stating that the current issues causing the adjustment are "the most dangerous situation that humanity has ever faced". In the annual statements for 2021 and 2022, issued in January of each year, the <i>Bulletin</i> left the "100 seconds to midnight" time setting unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(1.67_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Doomsday_clock_%281.67_minutes%29.svg/120px-Doomsday_clock_%281.67_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Doomsday_clock_%281.67_minutes%29.svg/250px-Doomsday_clock_%281.67_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td data-sort-value="1.5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span><br />(90 s) </td> <td>23:58:30 </td> <td style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.17">−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span><br />(−10 s) </td> <td align="left">Due largely–but not exclusively–to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and the increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_escalation" title="Nuclear escalation">nuclear escalation</a> stemming from the conflict. Russia suspended its participation in the last remaining nuclear weapons treaty between it and the United States, <a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia also brought its war to the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Chernobyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia</a> nuclear reactor sites, violating international protocols and risking widespread release of radioactive materials. North Korea resumed its nuclear rhetoric, launching an intermediate-range ballistic missile test over Japan in October 2022. Continuing threats posed by the climate crisis and the breakdown of global norms and institutions set up to mitigate risks associated with advancing technologies and biological threats such as COVID-19 also contributed to the time setting.<sup id="cite_ref-bulletin2023_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulletin2023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This setting remained unchanged the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(1.5_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td data-sort-value="1.49"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">29</span>⁄<span class="den">60</span></span><br />(89 s) </td> <td>23:58:31 </td> <td style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.17">−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">60</span></span><br />(−1 s) </td> <td align="left">The continuing Russian invasion of Ukraine and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">Middle Eastern crisis</a>, increased <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation" title="Nuclear proliferation">nuclear proliferation</a>, effects of climate change, biological threats, and advancing technologies. This is the closest to midnight the Clock has been since its inception. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doomsday_clock_(1.5_minutes).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/88px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/132px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg/176px-Doomsday_clock_%281.5_minutes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Minutes to Midnight" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Minutes_to_Midnight_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Minutes to Midnight (disambiguation)">Minutes to Midnight (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Seven_Minutes_to_Midnight_(song)" title="Seven Minutes to Midnight (song)">Seven Minutes to Midnight</a>", a 1980 single by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Wylie" title="Pete Wylie">Wah! Heat</a>, refers to that year's change of the Doomsday Clock from nine to seven minutes to midnight.</li> <li>Australian rock band <a href="/wiki/Midnight_Oil" title="Midnight Oil">Midnight Oil</a>'s 1984 LP <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sails_in_the_Sunset_(album)" title="Red Sails in the Sunset (album)">Red Sails in the Sunset</a></i> features a song called "<a href="/wiki/Minutes_to_Midnight_(song)" title="Minutes to Midnight (song)">Minutes to Midnight</a>", and the album's cover shows an aerial-view rendering of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> after a nuclear strike.</li> <li>The title of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a>'s 1984 song "<a href="/wiki/2_Minutes_to_Midnight" title="2 Minutes to Midnight">2 Minutes to Midnight</a>" is a reference to the Doomsday Clock.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aux_av_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aux_av-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Doomsday Clock appears in the beginning of the 1985 music video for "<a href="/wiki/Russians_(song)" title="Russians (song)">Russians</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>.</li> <li>The 1986 short story "<a href="/wiki/The_End_of_the_Whole_Mess" title="The End of the Whole Mess">The End of the Whole Mess</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> refers to the Doomsday Clock being set at fifteen seconds before midnight due to elevated geopolitical tension.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Doomsday Clock was a recurring visual theme in <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Gibbons" title="Dave Gibbons">Dave Gibbons</a>'s seminal <i><a href="/wiki/Watchmen" title="Watchmen">Watchmen</a></i> graphic novel series (1986–87), its <a href="/wiki/Watchmen_(2009_film)" title="Watchmen (2009 film)">2009 film adaptation</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Watchmen_(TV_series)" title="Watchmen (TV series)">2019 television miniseries sequel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aux_av_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aux_av-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally <a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock_(comics)" title="Doomsday Clock (comics)">its sequel series</a>, which takes place in the main <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe" title="DC Universe">DC Universe</a>, borrows the title.</li> <li>The title of <a href="/wiki/Linkin_Park" title="Linkin Park">Linkin Park</a>'s 2007 album <i><a href="/wiki/Minutes_to_Midnight_(Linkin_Park_album)" title="Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album)">Minutes to Midnight</a></i> is a reference to the Doomsday Clock.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their music video for "<a href="/wiki/Shadow_of_the_Day" title="Shadow of the Day">Shadow of the Day</a>" from Minutes to Midnight, represents the Doomsday Clock as an actual clock with it reaching midnight at the end of the video.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Flobots" title="Flobots">Flobots</a>' song "<a href="/wiki/The_Circle_in_the_Square" title="The Circle in the Square">The Circle in the Square</a>", the lyrics say "the clock is now 11:55 on the big hand", which was the Doomsday Clock's setting in 2012 when the song was released.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The title of the 1982 <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Four_to_Doomsday" title="Four to Doomsday">Four to Doomsday</a>" references the Doomsday Clock. In the 2017 episode "<a href="/wiki/The_Pyramid_at_the_End_of_the_World" title="The Pyramid at the End of the World">The Pyramid at the End of the World</a>", the Monks changed every clock in the world to three minutes to midnight as a warning about what will happen if humanity does not accept their help. Representatives of the three most powerful armies on Earth agreed not to fight each other, believing a potential war is the catastrophe. However, the clock remained displaying two minutes to midnight. After the Doctor averted the true catastrophe – an <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">accidental bacteriological disaster</a> –, the clock began moving backwards.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_fact_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_fact-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Doomsday Clock is featured in <a href="/wiki/Yael_Bartana" title="Yael Bartana">Yael Bartana</a>'s <i>What if Women Ruled the World</i>, which premiered on July<span class="nowrap"> </span>5, 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_International_Festival" title="Manchester International Festival">Manchester International Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>One minute to midnight on the Doomsday Clock is heavily referenced in the <a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">grime</a>/punk crossover song "Effed" by <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> rapper Snowy and Jason Williamson of <a href="/wiki/Sleaford_Mods" title="Sleaford Mods">Sleaford Mods</a>. Because of the track's political content, there was an initial reluctance from mainstream radio stations to play the track before the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 United Kingdom general election</a>. However, the track was later championed by a number of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a> DJs, including punk innovator <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Minds" title="Criminal Minds">Criminal Minds</a></i> season 13 episode "The Bunker", the unsubs abduct women using the Doomsday Clock.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Madam_Secretary_(TV_series)" title="Madam Secretary (TV series)">Madam Secretary</a></i> season 2 episode "On the Clock" features the Doomsday Clock, as the characters try to keep it from moving forward.</li> <li>The character Bezel in <i><a href="/wiki/Chikn_Nuggit" title="Chikn Nuggit">Chikn Nuggit</a></i> is a personification of the Doomsday Clock.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a> – Religious belief about the end of the world</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bomb_(film)" title="The Bomb (film)"><i>The Bomb</i></a> – 2015 American documentary film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Climate apocalypse</a> – Term to describe possible catastrophic events due to climate change</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Clock" title="Climate Clock">Climate Clock</a> – Public countdown of time until 1.5°C of global warming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEFCON" title="DEFCON">DEFCON</a> – Alert posture used by the United States Armed Forces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a> – Construct which could destroy all life on a planet or a planet itself</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a> – Part of theology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_symbol" title="Extinction symbol">Extinction symbol</a> – Symbol to represent mass extinction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metronome_(public_artwork)" title="Metronome (public artwork)"><i>Metronome</i></a> – Art installation by Kristin Jones and Andrew Ginzel in New York City, US (installed 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a> – Doctrine of military strategy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_conspiracy_theory" title="New World Order conspiracy theory">New World Order</a> – Conspiracy theory regarding a totalitarian world government</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">Nuclear terrorism</a> – Terrorism involving nuclear material or weapons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Atomica" title="Pax Atomica">Pax Atomica</a> – Peace due to nuclear deterrence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault" title="Svalbard Global Seed Vault">Svalbard Global Seed Vault</a> – Globally accessible seed bank on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Scientists%27_Warning_to_Humanity" title="World Scientists' Warning to Humanity">World Scientists' Warning to Humanity</a> – 1992 document about human carbon footprint</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.org/science-and-security-board">"Science and Security Board"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316152503/http://thebulletin.org/science-and-security-board">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=Science+and+Security+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.org%2Fscience-and-security-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrison, R. (January 23, 2024). Doomsday Clock is 90 seconds to midnight as experts warn “ai among the biggest threats” to humanity. Tom’s Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tomsguide.com/news/ai-a-threat-to-the-end-of-the-world-doomsday-clock-stays-at-90-seconds-to-midnight">https://www.tomsguide.com/news/ai-a-threat-to-the-end-of-the-world-doomsday-clock-stays-at-90-seconds-to-midnight</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStover2013" class="citation web cs1">Stover, Dawn (September 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929095819/https://thebulletin.org/how-many-hiroshimas-does-it-take-describe-climate-change/">"How Many Hiroshimas Does it Take to Describe Climate Change?"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.org/how-many-hiroshimas-does-it-take-describe-climate-change">the original</a> on September 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=How+Many+Hiroshimas+Does+it+Take+to+Describe+Climate+Change%3F&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft.aulast=Stover&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.org%2Fhow-many-hiroshimas-does-it-take-describe-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2007PressRelease-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2007PressRelease_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2007PressRelease_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826180458/https://thebulletin.org/press-release/doomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-midnight/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Doomsday Clock' Moves Two Minutes Closer To Midnight"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>. January 17, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.org/press-release/doomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-midnight">the original</a> on August 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=%27Doomsday+Clock%27+Moves+Two+Minutes+Closer+To+Midnight&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.org%2Fpress-release%2Fdoomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-midnight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lukiv2025-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lukiv2025_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lukiv2025_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLukiv2025" class="citation news cs1">Lukiv, Jaroslav (January 28, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgmkdz0297o.amp">"Doomsday Clock moved closest ever to destruction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=What+The+Doomsday+Clock+Doesn%27t+Tell+Us&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft.aulast=Barasch&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2018%2F01%2Fwhat-the-doomsday-clock-doesnt-tell-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR.org-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR.org_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR.org_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR.org_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/26/511592700/the-doomsday-clock-is-now-30-seconds-closer-to-midnight">"The Doomsday Clock Is Reset: Closest To Midnight Since The 1950s"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127221534/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/26/511592700/the-doomsday-clock-is-now-30-seconds-closer-to-midnight">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=The+Doomsday+Clock+Is+Reset%3A+Closest+To+Midnight+Since+The+1950s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F01%2F26%2F511592700%2Fthe-doomsday-clock-is-now-30-seconds-closer-to-midnight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Reynolds, Emily (January 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-the-doomsday-clock">"What is the Doomsday Clock and why does it matter?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203183526/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-the-doomsday-clock">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Doomsday+Clock+and+why+does+it+matter%3F&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fwhat-is-the-doomsday-clock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Closer-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Closer_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Closer_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoran2018" class="citation news cs1">Koran, Laura (January 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/25/politics/doomsday-clock-closer-nuclear-midnight/index.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Doomsday clock' ticks closer to apocalyptic midnight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103111015/https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/25/politics/doomsday-clock-closer-nuclear-midnight/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=%27Doomsday+clock%27+ticks+closer+to+apocalyptic+midnight&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.aulast=Koran&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F01%2F25%2Fpolitics%2Fdoomsday-clock-closer-nuclear-midnight%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/53801-doomsday-clock-relevance.html">"Is the Doomsday Clock Still Relevant?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Live_Science" title="Live Science">Live Science</a></i>. February 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191102194713/https://www.livescience.com/53801-doomsday-clock-relevance.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Is+the+Doomsday+Clock+Still+Relevant%3F&rft.date=2016-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F53801-doomsday-clock-relevance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChan2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sewell_Chan" title="Sewell Chan">Chan, Sewell</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/world/americas/doomsday-clock-nuclear-scientists.html">"Doomsday Clock Is Set at 2 Minutes to Midnight, Closest Since 1950s"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200104070343/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/world/americas/doomsday-clock-nuclear-scientists.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Doomsday+Clock+Is+Set+at+2+Minutes+to+Midnight%2C+Closest+Since+1950s&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Sewell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F25%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdoomsday-clock-nuclear-scientists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinker2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Pinker, Steven</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R5KADwAAQBAJ"><i>Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress</i></a>. Penguin. pp. <span class="nowrap">308–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311138-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311138-2"><bdi>978-0-14-311138-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enlightenment+Now%3A+The+Case+for+Reason%2C+Science%2C+Humanism%2C+and+Progress&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E308-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311138-2&rft.aulast=Pinker&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR5KADwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/article/228975/precision-prediction-keith-b-payne">"Precision Prediction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>. January 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125081901/https://www.nationalreview.com/2010/01/precision-prediction-keith-b-payne/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=Precision+Prediction&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Farticle%2F228975%2Fprecision-prediction-keith-b-payne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-national_post-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-national_post_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-national_post_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/world/why-the-doomsday-clock-is-an-idiotic-indicator-the-worlds-media-should-ignore">"Why the Doomsday Clock is an idiotic indicator the world's media should ignore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a></i>. January 25, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602125828/https://nationalpost.com/news/world/why-the-doomsday-clock-is-an-idiotic-indicator-the-worlds-media-should-ignore">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Why+the+Doomsday+Clock+is+an+idiotic+indicator+the+world%27s+media+should+ignore&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fwhy-the-doomsday-clock-is-an-idiotic-indicator-the-worlds-media-should-ignore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doomsday-clock-destroying-civilization-scientists-president-trump/">"Doomsday Clock moves closer to midnight"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. January 26, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203183528/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doomsday-clock-destroying-civilization-scientists-president-trump/">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Doomsday+Clock+moves+closer+to+midnight&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdoomsday-clock-destroying-civilization-scientists-president-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-doomsday-clock-measures-liberal-angst-not-global-risk/">"The Famed 'Doomsday Clock' Is Little More Than A Liberal Angst Meter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Investor%27s_Business_Daily" title="Investor's Business Daily">Investor's Business Daily</a></i>. January 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229131818/https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-doomsday-clock-measures-liberal-angst-not-global-risk/">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investor%27s+Business+Daily&rft.atitle=The+Famed+%27Doomsday+Clock%27+Is+Little+More+Than+A+Liberal+Angst+Meter&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investors.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcommentary%2Fthe-doomsday-clock-measures-liberal-angst-not-global-risk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Daily_News-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Daily_News_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Daily_News_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19831221&id=_vgaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5121,4779473">"Doomsday Clock at 3'til midnight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_News_(Kentucky)" title="The Daily News (Kentucky)">The Daily News</a></i>. December 21, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125185031/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19831221&id=_vgaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5121,4779473">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Doomsday+Clock+at+3%27til+midnight&rft.date=1983-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1696%26dat%3D19831221%26id%3D_vgaAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5121%2C4779473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeld1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_T._Feld" title="Bernard T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snowy+%26+Jason+Williamson+%28Ft.+Jason+Williamson+%26+Snowy%29+%E2%80%93+EFFED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenius.com%2FSnowy-and-jason-williamson-effed-lyrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000d1lz">"BBC Radio 6 Music - Iggy Pop, Iggy Confidential with a track from his album of 2019"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308152816/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000d1lz">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+Radio+6+Music+-+Iggy+Pop%2C+Iggy+Confidential+with+a+track+from+his+album+of+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fm000d1lz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoomsday+Clock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doomsday_Clock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Rogue star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posttribulation_rapture" title="Posttribulation rapture">Posttribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_world_hypothesis" title="Vulnerable world hypothesis">Vulnerable world hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/15px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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