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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Mammalia" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Mammalia" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas non es pas obligatòri. 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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria_evolutiva_e_taxonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria_evolutiva_e_taxonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria evolutiva e taxonomia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria_evolutiva_e_taxonomia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria evolutiva e taxonomia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria_evolutiva_e_taxonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Istòria_evolutiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria_evolutiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Istòria evolutiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria_evolutiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'origina_dei_mamifèrs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'origina_dei_mamifèrs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>L'origina dei mamifèrs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'origina_dei_mamifèrs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_premiers_mamifèrs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_premiers_mamifèrs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Lei premiers mamifèrs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_premiers_mamifèrs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_dominacion_dei_mamifèrs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_dominacion_dei_mamifèrs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>La dominacion dei mamifèrs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_dominacion_dei_mamifèrs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Taxonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menaças_de_disparicion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menaças_de_disparicion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Menaças de disparicion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menaças_de_disparicion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Morfologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trachs_caracteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trachs_caracteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Trachs caracteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trachs_caracteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omeotermia_e_endotèrme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omeotermia_e_endotèrme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Omeotermia e endotèrme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omeotermia_e_endotèrme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimorfisme_sexuau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimorfisme_sexuau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dimorfisme sexuau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimorfisme_sexuau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistèmas_biologics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistèmas_biologics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sistèmas biologics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistèmas_biologics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produccion_de_sòns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produccion_de_sòns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Produccion de sòns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produccion_de_sòns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelissa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelissa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Pelissa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelissa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduccion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduccion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Reproduccion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduccion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locomocion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locomocion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Locomocion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locomocion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comportament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comportament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Comportament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comportament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Comportament</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comportament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alimentacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alimentacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alimentacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alimentacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comunicacion_e_vocalizacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comunicacion_e_vocalizacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Comunicacion e vocalizacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comunicacion_e_vocalizacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligéncia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligéncia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Intelligéncia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligéncia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estructura_sociala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructura_sociala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Estructura sociala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estructura_sociala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Liames extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span style="font-style: normal">Mammalia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 212 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soogdier" title="Soogdier - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soogdier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A1%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%A2" title="ጡት አጥቢ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጡት አጥቢ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syced%C4%93or" title="Sycedēor - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sycedēor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनपायी - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="स्तनपायी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ثدييات - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثدييات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܕܝܬܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܕܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بزوليات - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بزوليات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ثدييات - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثدييات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="স্তন্যপায়ী প্ৰাণী - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্তন্যপায়ী প্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1uri" title="Ñuñuri - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ñuñuri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99m%C9%99lil%C9%99r" title="Məməlilər - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məməlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ممه‌لیلر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ممه‌لیلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Һөтимәрҙәр - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һөтимәрҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoviecha" title="Spoviecha - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Spoviecha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvier%C4%93" title="Žvierē - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žvierē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalya" title="Mamalya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mamalya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Млекакормячыя - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Млекакормячыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сысуны - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сысуны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бозайници - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бозайници" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2" title="मैमल - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैमल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80" title="স্তন্যপায়ী - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্তন্যপায়ী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="འུ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འུ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronneg" title="Bronneg - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bronneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisari" title="Sisari - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sisari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хүхэтэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүхэтэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfers" title="Mamífers - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mamífers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B4-%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_d%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamipero" title="Mamipero - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mamipero" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BA%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%B5" title="ᎺᎹᎵ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎺᎹᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گوانداران - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوانداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferu" title="Mammiferu - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mammiferu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Memeliler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savci" title="Savci - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Savci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D3%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Сĕтпе ӳсекенсем - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕтпе ӳсекенсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C5%8Bk%C9%94bigu" title="Biŋkɔbigu - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Biŋkɔbigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1%C3%A7ey%C4%B1ni" title="Çıçeyıni - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çıçeyıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycaki" title="Cycaki - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Cycaki" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3dziviwo" title="Lãdziviwo - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lãdziviwo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Θηλαστικό - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θηλαστικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuloj" title="Mamuloj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mamuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imetajad" title="Imetajad - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Imetajad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaztun" title="Ugaztun - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ugaztun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferu" title="Mamíferu - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mamíferu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پستانداران - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پستانداران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%A4kk%C3%A4%C3%A4t" title="Nisäkkäät - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nisäkkäät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imet%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Imetäjä - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Imetäjä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAgdj%C3%B3r" title="Súgdjór - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Súgdjór" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mammifère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8ro" title="Mamifèro - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mamifèro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetjdiarten" title="Tetjdiarten - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tetjdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBchdieren" title="Sûchdieren - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sûchdieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamach" title="Mamach - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmif%C3%A8" title="Manmifè - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Manmifè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferos" title="Mamíferos - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mamíferos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okamb%C3%BAva" title="Okambúva - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okambúva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheeintagh" title="Sheeintagh - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sheeintagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-nen_thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Sṳ̍t-nen thung-vu̍t - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ̍t-nen thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יונקים - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יונקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्तनधारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisavci" title="Sisavci - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sisavci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycaki" title="Cycaki - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Cycaki" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8" title="Mamifè - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mamifè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eml%C5%91s%C3%B6k" title="Emlősök - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emlősök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կաթնասուն - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաթնասուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferos" title="Mammiferos - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mammiferos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferes" title="Mammiferes - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mammiferes" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дакхадийнаташ - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дакхадийнаташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifero" title="Mamifero - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mamifero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spend%C3%BDr" title="Spendýr - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spendýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%93%B1%E1%92%83%E1%91%8E" title="ᐱᓱᒃᑎ - inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᓱᒃᑎ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="哺乳類 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="哺乳類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mabru" title="mabru - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mabru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ძუძუმწოვრები - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძუძუმწოვრები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsu%E1%B9%ADad" title="Timsuṭad - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timsuṭad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="ШэрыпӀхэр - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ШэрыпӀхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%A9n%C9%9B_h%C9%A9%C9%96%C9%9B_%C3%B1%C9%A9n%C9%96%C9%9B" title="Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_ya_mabele" title="Nyama ya mabele - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nyama ya mabele" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - kikuiu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сүтқоректілер - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүтқоректілер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C" title="ថនិកសត្វ - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថនិកសត្វ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಸ್ತನಿ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಸ್ತನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EB%A5%98" title="포유류 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포유류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Нимӧтчиссез - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Нимӧтчиссез" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%84%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مۄمَل جانور - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مۄمَل جانور" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guhandar" title="Guhandar - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guhandar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronnvil" title="Bronnvil - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bronnvil" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%87%D2%AF" title="Сүт эмүүчү - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сүт эмүүчү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamend%C3%A9ieren" title="Mamendéieren - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mamendéieren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Некхъвадайбур - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Некхъвадайбур" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdiere" title="Zoogdiere - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zoogdiere" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mamifer" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mamifer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_ya_mab%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B" title="Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDinduoliai" title="Žinduoliai - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žinduoliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%ABd%C4%ABt%C4%81ji" title="Zīdītāji - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zīdītāji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी प्राणी - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्तनधारी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Лофцта потяйхтне - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лофцта потяйхтне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biby_mampinono" title="Biby mampinono - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biby mampinono" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A7%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Шӧр пукшышо - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӧр пукшышо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whakangote" title="Whakangote - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Whakangote" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binatang_manyusuan" title="Binatang manyusuan - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Binatang manyusuan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Цицачи - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цицачи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="സസ്തനി - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്തനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%85%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Хөхтөн - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөхтөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="सस्तन प्राणी - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सस्तन प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B9%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Шӹшер качшы вольыквлӓ - mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шӹшер качшы вольыквлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferu" title="Mammiferu - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mammiferu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="နို့တိုက်သတ္တဝါ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နို့တိုက်သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاله‌دارون - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاله‌دارون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammifere" title="Mammifere - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mammifere" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6%C3%B6gdeerten" title="Söögdeerten - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Söögdeerten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdeers" title="Zoogdeers - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zoogdeers" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी प्राणी - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्तनधारी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zoogdieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammif%C3%A9the" title="Mammiféthe - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mammiféthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidi%C5%82_Daazdo%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_Da%CA%BCa%C5%82t%CA%BCo%CA%BC%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Bidił Daazdoígíí dóó Daʼałtʼoʼígíí - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bidił Daazdoígíí dóó Daʼałtʼoʼígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoosiiftoota" title="Hoosiiftoota - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hoosiiftoota" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%80" title="ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%85%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æхсырæйхæсджытæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æхсырæйхæсджытæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਥਣਧਾਰੀ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਣਧਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssaki" title="Ssaki - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ssaki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ACfer" title="Mamìfer - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mamìfer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DD%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تھݨ دار - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھݨ دار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D9%89_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تى لرونكى ژوي - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تى لرونكى ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferos" title="Mamíferos - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mamíferos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1uq" title="Ñuñuq - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñuñuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammals" title="Mammals - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mammals" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mamifer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Млекопитающие - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Млекопитающие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%97" title="Ссавцї - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ссавцї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83" title="सस्तनः - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सस्तनः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Кыыл - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مماليا - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مماليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisavac" title="Sisavac - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sisavac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="ක්‍ෂීරපායි සත්තු - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍ෂීරපායි සත්තු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicavce" title="Cicavce - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cicavce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesalci" title="Sesalci - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sesalci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamele" title="Mamele - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Mamele" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njom%C3%A2tteijeeh" title="Njomâtteijeeh - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Njomâtteijeeh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzinoyamwisa" title="Dzinoyamwisa - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dzinoyamwisa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naasley" title="Naasley - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Naasley" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjitari" title="Gjitari - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjitari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сисари - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сисари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suugedierte" title="Suugedierte - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suugedierte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4ggdjur" title="Däggdjur - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Däggdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyckocze" title="Cyckocze - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cyckocze" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/paycucuay" title="paycucuay - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="paycucuay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="பாலூட்டி - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாலூட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="క్షీరదాలు - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షీరదాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferu" title="Mamíferu - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Mamíferu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ширхӯрон - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ширхӯрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1" title="สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalya" title="Mamalya - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mamalya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamel" title="Mamel - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Mamel" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Memeliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Имезүчеләр - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Имезүчеләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сүт чемиштиг амытаннар - tuvinià" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Сүт чемиштиг амытаннар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%A7%D0%B9%D1%88%D1%83%D1%80" title="Пӧйшур - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пӧйшур" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%96" title="Ссавці - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ссавці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ممالیہ - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ممالیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sut_emizuvchilar" title="Sut emizuvchilar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sut emizuvchilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ACfari" title="Mamìfari - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mamìfari" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imetai%C5%BEivatad" title="Imetaiživatad - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Imetaiživatad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_Th%C3%BA" title="Lớp Thú - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lớp Thú" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogb%C3%AAestn" title="Zoogbêestn - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zoogbêestn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCganim" title="Süganim - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Süganim" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesse_%C3%A5s_tetes" title="Biesse ås tetes - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biesse ås tetes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳動物 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哺乳動物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%97%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Үсын теҗәлтенер - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Үсын теҗәлтенер" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ბჟაშუმუეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟაშუმუეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זויגער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זויגער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8ranko_af%E1%BB%8Dm%C3%BAb%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%E1%BB%8D" title="Ẹranko afọmúbọ́mọ - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹranko afọmúbọ́mọ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz_nyamhcij" title="Doenghduz nyamhcij - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz nyamhcij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zoogdieren" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哺乳动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C4%AB-leng_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳動物 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哺乳動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNcelisi" title="IsiNcelisi - 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="infobox_v3 large taxobox_v3 zoologia animal bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Mammalia </div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Mammal_Diversity_2011-less_depressing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Descripcion d'aqueste imatge, tanben comentat çaiaprèp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mammal_Diversity_2011-less_depressing.png/290px-Mammal_Diversity_2011-less_depressing.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mammal_Diversity_2011-less_depressing.png/435px-Mammal_Diversity_2011-less_depressing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Mammal_Diversity_2011-less_depressing.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="745" /></a></span> </div> <p class="legend">Mamifèrs de <a href="/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8r#Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamifèr">divèrses òrdres</a></p><table class="taxobox_classificacion"> <caption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sist%C3%A8ma_d%27informacion_taxonomica_integrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistèma d'informacion taxonomica integrat (la pagina existís pas)">Classificacion segon ITIS</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologia)" title="Règne (biologia)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sosr%C3%A8gne" title="Sosrègne">Sosrègne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrar%C3%A8gne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrarègne (la pagina existís pas)">Infrarègne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Embrancament_(biologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrancament (biologia)">Embrancament</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sosembrancament" title="Sosembrancament">Sosembr.</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraembrancament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infraembrancament (la pagina existís pas)">Infraembr.</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata_(Vertebrata)" title="Gnathostomata (Vertebrata)">Gnathostomata</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Superclassa_(biologia)" title="Superclassa (biologia)">Superclassa</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">Tetrapoda</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Classa_(biologia)" title="Classa (biologia)">Classa</a></p><p class="center taxobox_classificacion"><b><span class="normal"><span style="font-style: normal">Mammalia</span></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/1758" class="mw-redirect" title="1758">1758</a></b></small></span></p> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Sosclassa_(biologia)" title="Sosclassa (biologia)">Sosclassas</a> de reng inferior</p> <p class="left"> </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prototheria" title="Prototheria">Prototheria</a> (amb los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monotr%C3%A8ms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monotrèms (la pagina existís pas)">Monotrèms</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">Theria</a> <ul><li>infraclassa <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a> (amb los <a href="/wiki/Placentaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentaris">Placentaris</a>)</li> <li>infraclassa <a href="/wiki/Metatheria" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatheria">Metatheria</a> (amb los <a href="/wiki/Marsupials" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupials">Marsupials</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allotheria (la pagina existís pas)">Allotheria</a> (escantit)<p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></li></ul> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Classificacion_filogenetica" title="Classificacion filogenetica">Classificacion filogenetica</a></p> Veire l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia_(classificacion_filogenetica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammalia (classificacion filogenetica) (la pagina existís pas)">article detalhat</a><table class="taxobox_classificacion"> <caption class="hidden"><a href="/wiki/Classificacion_filogenetica" title="Classificacion filogenetica">Classificacion filogenetica</a></caption> </table></div> <p>Lei <b>Mammalia</b>, ò <b>mamifèrs</b> en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a> (var. <b>mamifèra</b>, <b>mamifere</b>, <b>mamifère</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), son un ensemble d'<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animalas</a> caracterizadas per la preséncia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glanda_mam%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glanda mamària (la pagina existís pas)">glandas mamàrias</a>. Probablament apareguts durant lo <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>, son venguts lo grop dominant de la màger part deis <a href="/wiki/Ecosist%C3%A8ma" title="Ecosistèma">ecosistèmas</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">terrèstres</a> après l'extincion de la fin dau <a href="/wiki/Cretac%C3%A8u" title="Cretacèu">Cretacèu</a> i a 65 milions d'ans. En mai de l'alachament, an d'autrei trachs especifics coma la preséncia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peu (la pagina existís pas)">peus</a>, una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Articulacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Articulacion (la pagina existís pas)">articulacion</a> particulara de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiss%C3%A8la&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maissèla (la pagina existís pas)">maissèla</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Dent" title="Dent">dents</a> formadas d'<a href="/wiki/Esmaut" class="mw-disambig" title="Esmaut">esmaut</a> fach de prismas durs. </p><p>Gràcias a un important procès de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiacion_evolutiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiacion evolutiva (la pagina existís pas)">radiacion evolutiva</a>, lo grop contèn uei aperaquí 7 000 <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> identificadas. Son devesidas entre tres ensembles principaus : </p> <ul><li>lei <a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">placentaris</a>, caracterizats per un periòde de gestacion lòng, son lo grop majoritari.</li> <li>lei <a href="/wiki/Metatheria" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatheria">marsupiaus</a>, caracterizats per una gestacion corta seguida d'un periòde lòng de desvolopament dins una pòchi ventrala, son un grop minoritari (quauquei centenaus d'<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a>) principalament present en <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>.</li> <li>lei <a href="/wiki/Monotr%C3%A8ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotrèma">monotrèmas</a>, caracterizats per lo mantenement de trachs arcaïcs coma la ponda d'uòus, son un grop fòrça reduch (5 espècias conegudas).</li></ul> <p>Lei mamifèrs an colonizat totei lei <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</a> e totei leis <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a>, compres certanei regions litoralas d'<a href="/wiki/Antartida" title="Antartida">Antartida</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Banquisa" title="Banquisa">banquisa</a> <a href="/wiki/Artic" title="Artic">artica</a>. De mai, lor regim alimentari, inicialament carnivòrs, a conegut de transformacions importantas amb l'aparicion de mai d'un mamifèr erbivòr. Dins aquò, un nombre important d'aqueleis espècias son menaçdas de disparicion en causa deis efiechs de l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">òme</a> sus l'environament. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria_evolutiva_e_taxonomia"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria_evolutiva_e_taxonomia"></span>Istòria evolutiva e taxonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria evolutiva e taxonomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Istòria evolutiva e taxonomia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istòria_evolutiva"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria_evolutiva"></span>Istòria evolutiva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria evolutiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Istòria evolutiva"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'origina_dei_mamifèrs"><span id="L.27origina_dei_mamif.C3.A8rs"></span>L'origina dei mamifèrs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : L'origina dei mamifèrs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'origina dei mamifèrs"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon lei conoissenças actualas, lei mamifèrs son eissits dei <a href="/wiki/Sinapsida" title="Sinapsida">sinapsidas</a>, un ensemble de <a href="/wiki/Tetrap%C3%B2de" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapòde">tetrapòdes</a> apareguts durant lo <a href="/wiki/Carbonif%C3%A8r" title="Carbonifèr">Carbonifèr Superior</a> i a aperaquí 312 Ma. Lei <i><a href="/wiki/Dimetrodon" title="Dimetrodon">dimetrodons</a></i>, que visquèron entre 295 e 272 Ma avans l'èra nòstra, son probablament lo representant pus famós d'aquelei <a href="/wiki/Sinapsida" title="Sinapsida">sinapsidas</a> primitius que dominèron la <a href="/wiki/Vida" title="Vida">vida</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">terrèstra</a> fins a l'<a href="/wiki/Extincion_Permian-Triassic" title="Extincion Permian-Triassic">extincion Permian-Triassic</a> (252 Ma). Aperavans dichs « reptils mamalians », lei sinapsidas son en realitat pus pròches dei mamifèrs que dei <a href="/wiki/Reptil" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptil">reptils</a>. D'efiech, vèrs 265 Ma, apareguèron lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapsida (la pagina existís pas)">terapsidas</a>, un grop de <a href="/wiki/Sinapsida" title="Sinapsida">sinapsidas</a> que desvolopèt pauc a pauc de trachs particulars (aparicion d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paladar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paladar (la pagina existís pas)">paladar</a> segondari <a href="/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs">ossós</a>, desvolopament d'una postura drecha, transformacion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiss%C3%A8la&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maissèla (la pagina existís pas)">maissèla</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Aurelha" title="Aurelha">aurelha</a> mejana) que venguèron de caracteristicas dei mamifèrs. </p><p>La crisi de 252 Ma entraïnèt la disparicion de la màger part dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapsida (la pagina existís pas)">terapsidas</a>. Pasmens, quauqueis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a>, coma <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucidocynodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trucidocynodon (la pagina existís pas)">Trucidocynodon</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynognathus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynognathus (la pagina existís pas)">Cynognathus</a></i> ò <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrinaxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thrinaxodon (la pagina existís pas)">Thrinaxodon</a></i>, capitèron de subreviure e de se desvolopar durant lo <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> Superior e Mejan. La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoregulacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoregulacion (la pagina existís pas)">termoregulacion</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Pelissa" title="Pelissa">pelissa</a> apareguèron benlèu durant aqueu periòde. Aquelei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapsida (la pagina existís pas)">terapsidas</a> poguèron rivalizar amb lei premiers <a href="/wiki/Dinosaure" title="Dinosaure">dinosaures</a> mai dispareguèron avans lo començament dau <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_premiers_mamifèrs"><span id="Lei_premiers_mamif.C3.A8rs"></span>Lei premiers mamifèrs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei premiers mamifèrs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Lei premiers mamifèrs"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei premiers mamifèrs que son existéncia es clarament atestada son apareguts i a 225 milions d'ans. Èran de creaturas <a href="/wiki/Nuech" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuech">nuechencas</a> amb d'adaptacions li permetent de caçar d'<a href="/wiki/Ins%C3%A8cte" class="mw-redirect" title="Insècte">insèctes</a> ò de presas pichonas<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Per exemple, èra lo cas dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castorocauda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castorocauda (la pagina existís pas)">Castorocauda</a></i> qu'èra capable de cavar, de nadar e de capturar de <a href="/wiki/Peis" title="Peis">peis</a>. Conoguèron un procès de diversificacion que menèt a l'aparicion dei <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">placentaris</a> vèrs 160 Ma, dei <a href="/wiki/Metatheria" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatheria">marsupiaus</a> vèrs 125 Ma e dei <a href="/wiki/Monotr%C3%A8me" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotrème">monotrèmes</a> vèrs 120 Ma. Segon lei conoissenças actualas, lei <a href="/wiki/Marsupiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupiau">marsupiaus</a> son probablament eissits dei <a href="/wiki/Placentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentari">placentaris</a>. De transformacions au nivèu de son <a href="/wiki/Esquel%C3%A8ta" class="mw-redirect" title="Esquelèta">esquelèta</a> auriá reduch l'espaci disponible per lo desvolopament dau <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8tus" title="Fètus">fètus</a>, çò qu'auriá entraïnat l'abandon dau <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a>. </p><p>L'aparicion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lactacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lactacion (la pagina existís pas)">lactacion</a>, trach caracteristic dei mamifèrs, aguèt probablement luòc durant lo <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> Mejan ò Superior, avans la divergéncia entre lei <a href="/wiki/Placentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentari">placentaris</a>, lei marsupiaus e lei monotrèmes. Dins aquò, la data precisa es desconeguda e d'originas pus precòças son de còps avançadas. L'origina d'aqueu fenomèn es tanben desconeguda. Una ipotèsi supausa que la produccion de <a href="/wiki/Lach" title="Lach">lach</a> foguèsse un avantatge per mantenir l'umiditat necessària au desvolopament deis uòus. Pauc a pauc, lo <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> seriá vengut pus complèx, çò que permetèt de l'utilizar per norir lei individús joves. Leis uòus aurián alora disparegut a mesura de l'avançament d'aquela transformacion. Pasmens, i a ges de pròva per validar aquela teoria. </p><p>Entre leis autrei trachs frequents dei mammifèrs, lei premierei pelissas clarament identificadas datan de 164 Ma. Foguèron descubèrtas sus de <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castorocauda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castorocauda (la pagina existís pas)">Castorocauda</a></i> e de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megaconus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megaconus (la pagina existís pas)">Megaconus</a></i>. L'aparicion de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotermia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotermia (la pagina existís pas)">endotermia</a> es mens explicada. Lei monotrèmes modèrnes an de temperaturas pus bassas que lèi placentaris e lei marsupiaus. Pasmens, divèrsei descubèrtas indican l'existéncia d'una temperatura intèrna pus auta en lei monotrèmes arcaïcs. L'aparicion de l'endotermia dèu donc datar dau <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>, coma la lactacion, mai aquò es mau segur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_dominacion_dei_mamifèrs"><span id="La_dominacion_dei_mamif.C3.A8rs"></span>La dominacion dei mamifèrs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : La dominacion dei mamifèrs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La dominacion dei mamifèrs"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A la fin dau <a href="/wiki/Cretac%C3%A8u" title="Cretacèu">Cretacèu</a> i a 65 milions d'ans, la dispoaricion dei <a href="/wiki/Dinosaure" title="Dinosaure">dinosaures</a> permetèt ai mamifèrs d'ocupar la màger part dei ròdols <a href="/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia">ecologics</a> venguts vueges. Per aquò, conoguèron una diversificacion rapida a partir de l'<a href="/wiki/Eoc%C3%A8n" title="Eocèn">Eocèn</a> (55-39 Ma)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Per exemple, la <a href="/wiki/Ratapenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratapenada">ratapenada</a> pus anciana coneguda a l'ora d'ara data de 50 Ma<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aqueu fenomèn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiacion_evolutiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiacion evolutiva (la pagina existís pas)">radiacion evolutiva</a> menèt a l'aparicion de mamifèrs presentant una gròssa diversitat de talhas (1,3 g per <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batodonoides_vanhouteni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batodonoides vanhouteni (la pagina existís pas)">Batodonoides vanhouteni</a></i> e 16 t per <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraceratherium_transouralicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraceratherium transouralicum (la pagina existís pas)">Paraceratherium transouralicum</a></i>), de regims alimentaris (<a href="/wiki/Erbiv%C3%B2r" title="Erbivòr">erbivòrs</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omniv%C3%B2r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omnivòr (la pagina existís pas)">omnivòrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carniv%C3%B2r" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivòr">carnivòrs</a>... etc.), de mòdes de locomocion (cambas, alas... etc.) ò de mitans de vida (terrèstres, marins... etc.). Uei, l'ensemble dei mamifèrs contèn aperaquí 7 000 <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> despartidas en 29 <a href="/wiki/%C3%92rdre_(biologia)" title="Òrdre (biologia)">òrdres</a>, 153 <a href="/wiki/Familha_(biologia)" title="Familha (biologia)">familhas</a> e 1 200 <a href="/wiki/Genre_(biologia)" title="Genre (biologia)">genres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomia">Taxonomia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Taxonomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Taxonomia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo trach caracteristic dei mamifèrs es la possibilitat per lei femèlas d'alachar sei pichons gràcias a de glandas mamàrias. Aqueu critèri de definicion, prepausat per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme (la pagina existís pas)">naturalista</a> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">suedés</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Carl von Linné</a> (<a href="/wiki/1707" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>-<a href="/wiki/1778" class="mw-redirect" title="1778">1778</a>), èra una rompedura amb leis observacions d'<a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> (<a href="/wiki/-384" class="mw-redirect" title="-384">384</a>-<a href="/wiki/-322" class="mw-redirect" title="-322">322 avC</a>) qu'aviá identificat un grop de vertebrats qüadrupèdes, vivipars e portaires d'una pelissa. Pasmens, la classificacion <a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">antica</a> aviá mostrat de limits, especialament per categorizar lei <a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Quiropt%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiroptèr">quiroptèrs</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Monotr%C3%A8me" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotrème">monotrèmes</a>. </p><p>Uei, la classificacion filogenica dei mamifèrs es encara l'objècte de recèrcas car certanei brancas semblan ben embolhadas. En <a href="/wiki/2016" class="mw-redirect" title="2016">2016</a>, leis òrdres e clades principaus èran lei seguents : </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png/600px-Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="501" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png/900px-Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png/1200px-Mamif%C3%A8rs_-_Classificacion_filogenica.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Classificacion filogenica dei mamifèrs segon Tarver et al. (2016).</figcaption></figure> <p>Existís doas sosclassas que son lei <i><a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">Theria</a></i> e lei <i><a href="/wiki/Prototheria" title="Prototheria">Prototheria</a></i>. Lei premiers gropan la quasi totalitat dei mamifèrs actuaus. Son caracterizats per l'usatge d'una matriça uterina per lo desvolopament dei joves. Lei segonds son un ensemble de mamifèrs ovipars coma l'<a href="/wiki/Ornitorinc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornitorinc">ornitorinc</a>. Au sen dei <i><a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">Theria</a></i>, se destrian leis <i><a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></i> e lei <i><a href="/wiki/Metatheria" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatheria">Metatheria</a></i>. </p><p>Tanben dichs <a href="/wiki/Placentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentari">placentaris</a>, leis <i><a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></i> constituisson la màger part deis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> de mamifèrs conegudas. Son caracterizats per l'acochament dei juvenils. Lei <i><a href="/wiki/Metatheria" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatheria">Metatheria</a></i> son dichs <a href="/wiki/Marsupiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupiau">marsupiaus</a>. Son definits per un <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a> reduch que permet unicament la jasina de <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvas</a> que son protegidas per una pòchi especiala per acabar lor desvolopament. 290 mamifèrs marsupiaus son actualament en vida, principalament en <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menaças_de_disparicion"><span id="Mena.C3.A7as_de_disparicion"></span>Menaças de disparicion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Menaças de disparicion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Menaças de disparicion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dempuei l'aparicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> e la sedentarizacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">òme</a>, lei mamifèrs son pauc a pauc intrats dins una crisi grèva en causa de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropizacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropizacion (la pagina existís pas)">antropizacion</a> dei mitans naturaus (<a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">urbanizacion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollucion" title="Pollucion">pollucions</a>, desvolopament dau norigatge, destruccion deis abitats, caça excessiva, destruccion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauva_tropicala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sauva tropicala (la pagina existís pas)">seuvas tropicalas</a>... etc.). Dins lo corrent deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_2010" title="Ans 2010">ans 2010</a>, la massa totala de l'umanitat e deis espècias <a href="/wiki/Domesticacion" title="Domesticacion">domesticadas</a> representava ansin 96% de la <a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">biomassa</a> dei mamifèrs. </p><p>La màger part dei populacions mamifèrs fèrs son donc en regression. En <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a>, sus environ 5 500 <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> evaluadas per l'<a href="/wiki/UICN" class="mw-redirect" title="UICN">UICN</a>, 1 200 èran consideradas coma <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_mena%C3%A7ada" title="Espècia menaçada">menaçadas</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En particular, 188 èran classadas « en perilh critic d'extincion » e 450 « en perilh ». De mai, lei perspectivas per lo sègle XXI son negativas car lei causas majoras dau fenomèn son totjorn activas. De mai, en despiech de progrès importants, lei programas de proteccion demòran sovent insufisents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Morfologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Morfologia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trachs_caracteristics">Trachs caracteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Trachs caracteristics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Trachs caracteristics"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg/220px-Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg/330px-Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg/440px-Goat_kid_feeding_on_mothers_milk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glanda_mam%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glanda mamària (la pagina existís pas)">glandas mamàrias</a> e l'alachament son de trachs caracteristics dei mamifèrs modèrnes.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo trach caracteristic dei mamifèrs actuaus es la preséncia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glanda_mam%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glanda mamària (la pagina existís pas)">glandas mamàrias</a>. Dins aquò, lei <a href="/wiki/Paleontologia" title="Paleontologia">paleontològs</a> son sovent obligats d'utilizar d'autreis elements. Aquò entraïna de còps de debats sus l'apartenéncia d'una <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècia</a> ai mamifèrs car l'aparicion de la màger part d'aquelei caracteristicas es pas datada d'un biais precís. Dins lo cas deis vestigis ancians, la preséncia d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%92s_epipubic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Òs epipubic (la pagina existís pas)">òs epipubic</a> es una caracteristica interessenta car aquel òs a disparegut sus lei mamifèrs placentaris modèrnes<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Articulacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Articulacion (la pagina existís pas)">articulacion</a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiss%C3%A8la&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maissèla (la pagina existís pas)">maissèla</a> dei mamifèrs primitius es tanben un ponch important car es organizada a l'entorn de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandibula (la pagina existís pas)">mandibula</a> e de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%92s_escat%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Òs escatós (la pagina existís pas)">òs escatós</a>. Aquò es una diferéncia marcada a respècte deis autrei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapsida (la pagina existís pas)">terapsidas</a> que sa maissèla es intermediària entre aquela dei premiers <a href="/wiki/Sinapsida" title="Sinapsida">sinapsidas</a> (quatre òs) e aquela dei mamifèrs<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Una autra particularitat de l'evolucion de la maissèla aguèt d'efiechs sus l'aurelha mejana dei mamifèrs qu'utiliza tres òs per condurre lo sòn. Òr, en lei premierei <a href="/wiki/Sinapsida" title="Sinapsida">sinapsidas</a>, aqueleis òs èran utilizadas per l'articulacion de la maissèla<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Totjorn au nivèu de la maissèla, se pòu estudiar l'existéncia d'un mejan de remplaçament dei <a href="/wiki/Dent" title="Dent">dents</a>. Pasmens, aquò es indici feble car es present dins d'autrei grops d'animaus. Enfin, es possible d'estudiar l'<a href="/wiki/Esmaut" class="mw-disambig" title="Esmaut">esmaut</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Dent" title="Dent">dents</a>. En lei mamifèrs, es fach de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prisma (la pagina existís pas)">prismas</a> solids anant de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dentina (la pagina existís pas)">dentina</a> a la superficia de la dent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omeotermia_e_endotèrme"><span id="Omeotermia_e_endot.C3.A8rme"></span>Omeotermia e endotèrme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Omeotermia e endotèrme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Omeotermia e endotèrme"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La màger part dei mamifèrs son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omeotermia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omeotermia (la pagina existís pas)">omeotèrmes</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotermia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotermia (la pagina existís pas)">endotèrmes</a>. An ansin una <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> intèrna constanta e independenta dei condicions exterioras (dins certanei limits) que tròba sa fònt de <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calor</a> dins l'activitat dau <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-disambig" title="Organisme">organisme</a>. Leis excepcions son fòrça raras (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterocephalus_glaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterocephalus glaber (la pagina existís pas)">Heterocephalus glaber</a></i> e <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myotragus_balearicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myotragus balearicus (la pagina existís pas)">Myotragus balearicus</a></i>). Per aquò, lei mamifèrs consuman de quantitats importantas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norridura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norridura (la pagina existís pas)">norridura</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Dioxig%C3%A8n" title="Dioxigèn">dioxigèn</a>, generalament pus importantas d'aquelei dei <a href="/wiki/Reptil" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptil">reptil</a> de talha similara<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En particular, leis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> pus pichonas, que pèrdon pus rapidament sa <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calor</a> intèrna, manjan de volums jornadiers que representan una partida significativa de sa <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a>. </p><p>Leis espècias pus pichonas (mens de 500 g) son ansin sovent insectivòras car lei mecanismes digestius deis erbivòrs son tròp lents per li permetre d'aver l'energia requista per son foncionament intèrne. En revènge, lei mamifèrs pus gròs pòdon tolerar una <a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">digestion</a> pus lenta basada sus la destruccion de fibras vegetalas duras ò sus la consumacion periodica d'un vertebrat superior. </p><p>Lei mamifèrs an generalament una <a href="/wiki/Pelissa" title="Pelissa">pelissa</a>, de resèrvas de <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a> e de sistèmas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transpiracion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transpiracion (la pagina existís pas)">transpiracion</a> que permèton de melhorar l'eficacitat de sa regulacion termica. Lei peus forman un jaç d'aire impermeable qu'isola l'<a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-disambig" title="Organisme">organisme</a> dau mitan exterior. Lei jaç <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipidics</a> son premier destinats au foncionament de l'activitat dei <a href="/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia)">cellulas</a> car son d'estocatges d'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a>. Dins aquò, protegisson mai d'una <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> còntra lo freg. Enfin, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transpiracion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transpiracion (la pagina existís pas)">transpiracion</a> es un mecanisme d'evacuacion de la <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calor</a> gràcias a l'emission d'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a> a la superficia de la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8u" title="Pèu">pèu</a>. Un interès segondari d'aquela foncion residís dins sa capacitat d'eliminar de <a href="/wiki/Compausat_quimic" title="Compausat quimic">substàncias</a> toxicas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimorfisme_sexuau">Dimorfisme sexuau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Dimorfisme sexuau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Dimorfisme sexuau"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_sexuau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimorfisme sexuau">dimorfisme sexuau</a> es frequent en lei mamifèrs. D'efiech, lo mascle es au mens 10% pus gròs que la femèla dins 45% deis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a>. Existís tanben quauquei cas de dimorfisme onte la femèla es pus gròssa que lo mascle, especialament dins lo grop dei <i><a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" title="Lagomorpha">Lagomorpha</a></i>. L'origina d'aqueu fenomèn sembla de s'explicar per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A8gla_de_Rench&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Règla de Rench (la pagina existís pas)">règla de Rench</a> : la competicion per lei femèlas a menat a una seleccion dei mascles pus robusts mentre qu'un mecanisme de seleccion invèrs a limitat lo taus de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feconditat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feconditat (la pagina existís pas)">feconditat</a> dei femèlas de talha importanta<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exemple de dimorfisme sexuau en lo cèrvi comun."><img alt="Exemple de dimorfisme sexuau en lo cèrvi comun." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg/120px-Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg/180px-Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg/240px-Cervus_elaphus_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exemple de <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_sexuau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimorfisme sexuau">dimorfisme sexuau</a> en lo <a href="/wiki/Cervus_elaphus" title="Cervus elaphus">cèrvi comun</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Human.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exemple de dimorfisme sexuau en l'èsser uman."><img alt="Exemple de dimorfisme sexuau en l'èsser uman." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/96px-Human.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/144px-Human.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/193px-Human.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exemple de <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_sexuau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimorfisme sexuau">dimorfisme sexuau</a> en l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">èsser uman</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistèmas_biologics"><span id="Sist.C3.A8mas_biologics"></span>Sistèmas biologics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Sistèmas biologics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Sistèmas biologics"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei sistèmas biologics dei mamifèrs presentan de similituds importantas car lo nombre de divergéncias majoras dins lo grop es encara relativament feble. La màger part an ansin sèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vert%C3%A8bra_cervicala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertèbra cervicala (la pagina existís pas)">vertèbras cervicalas</a> e totei an un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoc%C3%B2rtex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neocòrtex (la pagina existís pas)">neocòrtex</a>, una zòna dau cervèu qu'es implicada dins la percepcion e dins la reaccion. Caracteristica dei mamifèrs, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoc%C3%B2rtex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neocòrtex (la pagina existís pas)">neocòrtex</a> es benlèu a l'origina dei capacitats d'abstraccion de certaneis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> coma l'òme. </p><p>Lei <a href="/wiki/Paumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paumon">paumons</a> son espongós e alveolars. Lo mecanisme de <a href="/wiki/Respiracion" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Respiracion">respiracion</a> es principalament assegurat per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diafragma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diafragma (la pagina existís pas)">diafragma</a>. Lei contraccions e lei relaxacions d'aqueu <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a> permèton d'aumentar ò de demenir lo <a href="/wiki/Volum" title="Volum">volum</a> pulmonar. Aquò crèa de diferéncias de <a href="/wiki/Pression" title="Pression">pression</a> qu'entraïnan l'intrada ò la sortida de l'<a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">aire</a>. Lo <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2r" title="Còr">còr</a> es fach de quatre compartiments (doas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auricula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auricula (la pagina existís pas)">auriculas</a> e dos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventricul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventricul (la pagina existís pas)">ventriculs</a>). Propulsan lo sang vèrs lei paumons per son oxigenacion (pichona circulacion) ò vèrs lo rèsta de l'<a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-disambig" title="Organisme">organisme</a> per i portar l'<a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A8n" title="Oxigèn">oxigèn</a> e lei nutriments necessaris au <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a> (granda circulacion). </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8u" title="Pèu">pèu</a> es constituït de tres jaç. Lo pus extèrne (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Epid%C3%A8rma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epidèrma (la pagina existís pas)">epidèrma</a>) es compausat de <a href="/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia)">cellulas</a> mòrtas qu'asseguran l'impermeabilitat de l'<a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-disambig" title="Organisme">organisme</a>. Lo jaç intermediari (<a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A8rma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dèrma (la pagina existís pas)">dèrma</a>) assosta d'elements <a href="/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs">ossós</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Sang" title="Sang">sanguins</a>. Enfin, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipod%C3%A8rma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipodèrma (la pagina existís pas)">ipodèrma</a>, lo jaç pus intèrne, es un teissut adipós que sèrv d'isolant termic. La preséncia de peus es una caracteristica dei mamifèrs. Dins la màger part deis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a>, forman una pelissa, es a dire un jaç continú de peus. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Dent" title="Dent">denticion</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_digestiu" title="Sistèma digestiu">sistèma digestiu</a> presentan de variacions en causa de la diversitat dei regims alimentaris dei mamifèrs. En particular, leis <a href="/wiki/Erbiv%C3%B2r" title="Erbivòr">erbivòrs</a> an desvolopat de sistèmas complèxs destinats a desgradar lei fibras vegetalas gràcias a de <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A8ri" title="Bactèri">bactèris</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Protozoari" title="Protozoari">protozoaris</a> ò de <a href="/wiki/Mycota" title="Mycota">bolets</a>. En revènge, lei <a href="/wiki/Carniv%C3%B2r" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivòr">carnivòrs</a> an de sistèmas digestius pus somaris </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Produccion_de_sòns"><span id="Produccion_de_s.C3.B2ns"></span>Produccion de sòns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Produccion de sòns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Produccion de sòns"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coma dins leis autrei <a href="/wiki/Tetrap%C3%B2de" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapòde">tetrapòdes</a>, lei mamifèrs an un <a href="/wiki/Laringe" title="Laringe">laringe</a> que pòu produrre de <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sòn (la pagina existís pas)">sòns</a> gràcias a de mecanismes de dubertura e sarradura rapida. Lei <a href="/wiki/Paumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paumon">paumons</a>, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diafragma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diafragma (la pagina existís pas)">diafragma</a> e divèrsei <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a> vesins fornisson l'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> e l'aire necessari. Lo laringe permet de modular lo volum e l'autor dau sòn. Lei mamifèrs pòdon modificar sa posicion per empassar per la boca e utilizar unicament lei regions nasalas per produrre un bruch. Lei sòns nasaus son sovent pus febles que lei sòns bucaus. </p><p>Lo nivèu de complexitat dei vias superioras de l'animau es tanben un paramètre important. Dins lei cas pus primitius, lo mamifèr pòu unicament siblar. Pasmens, plusors <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> son dotadas de còrdas vocalas. Son alora capables de produrre de sòns complèxs e variats. Lo cas pus extrèm es aqueu de l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">èsser uman</a> e son <a href="/wiki/Lengatge" title="Lengatge">lengatge</a> articulat mai plusors situacions intermediàrias existisson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelissa">Pelissa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Pelissa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Pelissa"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La preséncia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peu (la pagina existís pas)">peus</a> es una caracteristica dei mamifèrs maugrat l'existéncia d'<a href="/wiki/Organ" title="Organ">organs</a> aguent un aspècte similar en certanei <a href="/wiki/Reptil" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptil">reptils</a>. Dins un nombre fòrça important d'<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a>, lei peus forman un jaç continú qu'es dich « <a href="/wiki/Pelissa" title="Pelissa">pelissa</a> ». Sa foncion principala es la termoregulacion gràcias au blocatge d'un jaç d'aire isolant entre lei peus. Pasmens, mai d'una pelissa assegura de missions segondàrias : </p> <ul><li>la proteccion gràcias a de peus que complican l'ataca per un predator (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Espina_(biologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espina (biologia) (la pagina existís pas)">espinas</a>...).</li> <li>la deteccion sensoriala gràcias a de peus especializats (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vibrissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vibrissa (la pagina existís pas)">vibrissas</a>...).</li> <li>l'impermeabilitat.</li> <li>lo <a href="/wiki/Camoflatge" title="Camoflatge">camoflatge</a> gràcias a de coloracions que trebolan la vision dei predators.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Igel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Espinas d'un eiriçon europèu."><img alt="Espinas d'un eiriçon europèu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Igel.JPG/120px-Igel.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Igel.JPG/180px-Igel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Igel.JPG/240px-Igel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espina_(biologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espina (biologia) (la pagina existís pas)">Espinas</a> d'un <a href="/wiki/Erinaceus_europaeus" title="Erinaceus europaeus">eiriçon europèu</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vibrissas d'un rainard de Magellan."><img alt="Vibrissas d'un rainard de Magellan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg/120px-Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg/180px-Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg/240px-Pseudalopex_culpaeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vibrissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vibrissa (la pagina existís pas)">Vibrissas</a> d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycalopex_culpaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycalopex culpaeus (la pagina existís pas)">rainard de Magellan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:American_Beaver.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pelissa impermeabla d'un vibre de Canadà."><img alt="Pelissa impermeabla d'un vibre de Canadà." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg/120px-American_Beaver.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg/180px-American_Beaver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg/240px-American_Beaver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="715" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pelissa impermeabla d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castor_canadensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castor canadensis (la pagina existís pas)">vibre de Canadà</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pelissa favorizant lo camoflatge d'un leopard."><img alt="Pelissa favorizant lo camoflatge d'un leopard." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG/120px-Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG/180px-Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG/240px-Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pelissa favorizant lo camoflatge d'un <a href="/wiki/Leopard" class="mw-disambig" title="Leopard">leopard</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduccion">Reproduccion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Reproduccion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Reproduccion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La màger part dei mamifèrs an una reproduccion sexuada e son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viviparitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viviparitat (la pagina existís pas)">vivipars</a> amb dos cas principaus que son lei <a href="/wiki/Marsupiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupiau">marsupiaus</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Placentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentari">placentaris</a>. Dins lo premier cas, lo periòde de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gestacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gestacion (la pagina existís pas)">gestacion</a> es cort (sovent inferior a un <a href="/wiki/Menstruacion" title="Menstruacion">cicle estrau</a>) e lo jove es sistematicament sosdesvolopat. Dins lo segond cas, lo periòde de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gestacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gestacion (la pagina existís pas)">gestacion</a> es lòng e, a la naissença, lo jove es sosdevelopat (<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">òme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gat">gat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rata">rata</a>...) ò completament desvolopat (<a href="/wiki/Cavau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavau">cavau</a>...). </p><p>Existís tanben lo cas particular dei <a href="/wiki/Monotr%C3%A8ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotrèma">monotrèmas</a> que son de mamifèrs que pondon d'<a href="/wiki/U%C3%B2u" class="mw-disambig" title="Uòu">uòus</a>. Aqueu caractèr primitiu es explicat per la divergéncia precòça dei <i><a href="/wiki/Monotremata" title="Monotremata">Monotremata</a></i>. Lor mecanisme <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A8n" title="Gèn">genetica</a> de determinacion dau sèxe es ansin demorat pus pròche d'aqueu deis <a href="/wiki/Auc%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Aucèu">aucèus</a> que dei placentaris. De mai, sei glandas mamàrias, ben desvolopadas en lei <a href="/wiki/Marsupiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupiau">marsupiaus</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Placentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentari">placentaris</a>, son reduchs e forman puslèu una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placa_mam%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placa mamària (la pagina existís pas)">placa mamària</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locomocion">Locomocion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Locomocion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Locomocion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei mamifèrs an de mejans de locomocion variats que son adaptats a lor environament. Lo pus frequent es la preséncia de cambas destinadas a un desplaçament terrèstre. Dins aquò, se pòdon observar de braç adaptats a una vida dins leis <a href="/wiki/Arbre" title="Arbre">aubres</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monina (la pagina existís pas)">moninas</a>...), a una vida d'escavaire (<a href="/wiki/Taupa" class="mw-redirect" title="Taupa">taupas</a>...), a una vida aeriana (<a href="/wiki/Ratapenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratapenada">ratapenadas</a>...) ò una vida aqüatica (<a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a>...). Dins certanei cas, son completats per d'organs permetent de melhorar la deteccion e la localizacion dins l'espaci. Per exemple, lei <a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Ratapenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratapenada">ratapenadas</a> an un sistèma d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ec%C3%B2localizacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecòlocalizacion (la pagina existís pas)">ecòlocalizacion</a> basat sus l'emission e la recepcion d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultrason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultrason (la pagina existís pas)">ultrasons</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lo formiguier gigant, un exemple de mamifèrs adaptat a una vida terrèstra."><img alt="Lo formiguier gigant, un exemple de mamifèrs adaptat a una vida terrèstra." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg/120px-Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg/180px-Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg/240px-Myrmecophaga_tridactyla_-_Phoenix_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2675" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrmecophaga_tridactyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrmecophaga tridactyla (la pagina existís pas)">formiguier gigant</a>, un exemple de mamifèrs adaptat a una vida terrèstra.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Brachiating_Gibbon_(Some_rights_reserved).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lo gibon, un exemple de mamifèr que viu principalament dins leis aubres."><img alt="Lo gibon, un exemple de mamifèr que viu principalament dins leis aubres." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brachiating_Gibbon_%28Some_rights_reserved%29.jpg/80px-Brachiating_Gibbon_%28Some_rights_reserved%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brachiating_Gibbon_%28Some_rights_reserved%29.jpg/120px-Brachiating_Gibbon_%28Some_rights_reserved%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brachiating_Gibbon_%28Some_rights_reserved%29.jpg/160px-Brachiating_Gibbon_%28Some_rights_reserved%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lo <a href="/wiki/Gibon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibon">gibon</a>, un exemple de mamifèr que viu principalament dins leis <a href="/wiki/Arbre" title="Arbre">aubres</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:ScalopusAquaticus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La taupa nòrd-americana orientala es un mamifèr escavaire dotat de patas adaptadas per cavar lo sòu."><img alt="La taupa nòrd-americana orientala es un mamifèr escavaire dotat de patas adaptadas per cavar lo sòu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ScalopusAquaticus.jpg/120px-ScalopusAquaticus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ScalopusAquaticus.jpg/180px-ScalopusAquaticus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ScalopusAquaticus.jpg/240px-ScalopusAquaticus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1042" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taupa_n%C3%B2rd-americana_orientala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taupa nòrd-americana orientala (la pagina existís pas)">taupa nòrd-americana orientala</a> es un mamifèr escavaire dotat de patas adaptadas per cavar lo sòu.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Manatee_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exemple de mamifèr aqüatic, la serena."><img alt="Exemple de mamifèr aqüatic, la serena." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Manatee_photo.jpg/120px-Manatee_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Manatee_photo.jpg/180px-Manatee_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Manatee_photo.jpg/240px-Manatee_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exemple de mamifèr aqüatic, la <a href="/wiki/Serena" class="mw-disambig" title="Serena">serena</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La ratapenada es un mamifèr volant que tèn d'alas."><img alt="La ratapenada es un mamifèr volant que tèn d'alas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg/120px-Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg/180px-Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg/240px-Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La <a href="/wiki/Ratapenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratapenada">ratapenada</a> es un mamifèr volant que tèn d'alas.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comportament">Comportament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Comportament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Comportament"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alimentacion">Alimentacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Alimentacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Alimentacion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per mantenir constanta sa <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> corporala auta, lei mamifèrs an de besonhs <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energetics</a> relativament importants. Segon lei conoissenças actualas, totei lei mamifèrs primitius èran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnivorisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carnivorisme (la pagina existís pas)">carnivòrs</a> mai, per trobar lei quantitats d'energia necessàrias a son <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>, lo grop a conegut un procès de diversificacion alimentari fòrça important. Uei, en mai dei carnivòrs e deis insectivòrs, son conegudas d'espècias erbivòras (amb lei sostipes granivòr, frugivòr, nectarivòr, gomivòr e micofague). Existís tanben de mamifèrs coprofags e omnivòrs. Leis espècias omnivòras pòdon manjar tant de presas que de vegetaus. Pasmens, son sistèma digestiu presenta generalament una preferéncia<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Son ansin de còps classats en ipercarnivòr (mai de 70% de carn dins lor alimentacion), en mesocarnivòr (50 a 70%) e ipocarnivòr (mens de 50%). </p><p>La cèrca de manjar e sa consumacion es una activitat importanta dei mamifèrs. En mai d'una <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècia</a>, lei tecnicas utilizadas son un aspècte important dau comportament de l'animau. Per exemple, pòdon necessitar la constitucion e la defensa d'un territòri, la formacion e lo mantement d'un grop, la mesa en plaça de relacions de cooperacion interespècias... etc. De mai, un nombre important d'espècias ivernan en causa de la manca de fònts de norridura sufisenta durant una partida de l'<a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comunicacion_e_vocalizacion">Comunicacion e vocalizacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Comunicacion e vocalizacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Comunicacion e vocalizacion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La comunicacion entre lei mamifèrs es principalament assegurada per la vocalizacion de sòns, l'adopcion de posturas fisicas, la produccion de <a href="/wiki/Ferom%C3%B2na" title="Feromòna">feromònas</a> ò l'utilizacion de signes fisics ò <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimics</a>. En mai d'una espècia, existís una gròssa diversitat de mejans e de signes de comunicacion. Au nivèu pus basic, lei sinhaus de comunicacion permèton de donar l'alèrta, de materializar un territòri ò d'assegurar lei comunicacion necessàrias a la <a href="/wiki/Reproduccion" title="Reproduccion">reproduccion</a>. Pasmens, existís de sistèmas pus complèxs compausats de plusors centenaus ò miliers de signes. </p><p>Un autre aspècte de remarca de la comunicacion dei mamifèrs es la portada agantada per certaneis espècias. Per exemple, leis <a href="/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant">elefants</a> son capables utilizar d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrason (la pagina existís pas)">infrasons</a> que pòdon èsser ausits per un congenèr situat a un desenau de <a href="/wiki/Quilom%C3%A8tre" title="Quilomètre">quilomètres</a>. Dins leis <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a>, leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultrason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultrason (la pagina existís pas)">ultrasons</a> produchs per lei <a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a> pòdon percórrer de distàncias ben pus importantas, de l'òrdre de plusors centenaus de <a href="/wiki/Quilom%C3%A8tre" title="Quilomètre">quilomètres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intelligéncia"><span id="Intellig.C3.A9ncia"></span>Intelligéncia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Intelligéncia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=20" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Intelligéncia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plusors mamifèrs presentan una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intellig%C3%A9ncia_animala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligéncia animala (la pagina existís pas)">intelligéncia animala</a> importanta, especialament leis <a href="/wiki/Primates" title="Primates">primates</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant">elefants</a>, divèrsei <a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a> e divèrsei <a href="/wiki/Rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat">rats</a>. Aquò pren generalament la capacitat de comprendre de concèptes <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematics</a>, de fabricar d'<a href="/wiki/Aisina" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisina">otís</a>, de tenir una conversacion complèxa, de reconóisser son imatge ò de reconóisser la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a>. Dins certanei cas, aquelei capacitats son acompanhadas per de tecnicas d'aprendissatge e de transmission dei sabers a l'origina de <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturas</a>. </p><p>La talha dau <a href="/wiki/Cerv%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervèu">cervèu</a> es sovent considerada coma un signe d'<a href="/wiki/Intellig%C3%A9ncia" title="Intelligéncia">intelligéncia</a>. Ansin, lei grands <a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a>, lei grands <a href="/wiki/Primates" title="Primates">primates</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant">elefants</a> an de <a href="/wiki/Cerv%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervèu">cervèus</a> entre lei pus importants dau rèine animau. Pasmens, lo rapòrt entre la massa dau cervèu e la massa totala de l'individú sembla un indicator pus pertinent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estructura_sociala">Estructura sociala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Estructura sociala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=21" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Estructura sociala"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Silz_cerf5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Silz_cerf5.jpg/220px-Silz_cerf5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Silz_cerf5.jpg/330px-Silz_cerf5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Silz_cerf5.jpg/440px-Silz_cerf5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'un tropèu de cèrvi, exemple d'estructura sociala en lei mamifèrs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Divèrseis <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> de mamifèrs an una estructura sociala complèxa. Lei cas pus extrèms son <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fukomys_damarensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fukomys damarensis (la pagina existís pas)">Fukomys damarensis</a></i> e <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterocephalus_glaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterocephalus glaber (la pagina existís pas)">Heterocephalus glaber</a></i> que forman de colonialas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eusocialitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eusocialitat (la pagina existís pas)">eusocialas</a>, es a dire amb de castas especializadas dins un pretzfach donat (reproduccion, defensa...). Dins leis autrei cas, es puslèu observada la formacion de grops ierarquizats segon de relacions de dominança. Aqueu fenomèn es present tant dins leis erbivòrs (<a href="/wiki/Cavau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavau">cavaus</a>...) que dins lei <a href="/wiki/Carniv%C3%B2r" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivòr">carnivòrs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>...). Aquelei grops passan rarament lo centenau d'individús mai i a d'excepcions. La pus important es l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">òme modèrne</a> que constituís sensa dificultat de societat de plusors milions de personas despartits sus de territòris de miliers de <a href="/wiki/Quilom%C3%A8tre_carrat" title="Quilomètre carrat">quilomètres carrats</a>. De mai, dins lei mamifèrs intelligents, pòdon aparéisser de <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturas</a> que son un ensemble de trachs que caracterizan una sospopulacion donada. Aquò es fòrça present en lei grands <a href="/wiki/Primates" title="Primates">primates</a> e dins lei <a href="/wiki/Cetac%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacèu">cetacèus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=22" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Annèxas"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=23" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Liames intèrnes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotermia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotermia (la pagina existís pas)">Endotermia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glanda_mam%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glanda mamària (la pagina existís pas)">Glanda mamària</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_alfabetica_dels_genres_de_mamif%C3%A8rs" title="Lista alfabetica dels genres de mamifèrs">Lista alfabetica dei genres de mamifèrs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_alfabetica_dels_noms_vernaculars_de_mamif%C3%A8rs" title="Lista alfabetica dels noms vernaculars de mamifèrs">Lista alfabetica dei noms vernaculars de mamifèrs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsupiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupiau">Marsupiaus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotr%C3%A8ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotrèma">Monotrèmas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omeotermia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omeotermia (la pagina existís pas)">Omeotermia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peu (la pagina existís pas)">Peu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentari">Placentaris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinapsida" title="Sinapsida">Sinapsidas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapsida (la pagina existís pas)">Terapsidas</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=24" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Bibliografia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean Piérard, <i>Découvrir les mammifères</i>, Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1975.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_extèrnes"><span id="Liames_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames extèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=25" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Liames extèrnes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/">Mammal Species of the World, <span class="nowrap">3 rd</span> <span class="lang-en" lang="en"></span> (MSW3)</a></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ITIS">Referéncia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sist%C3%A8ma_d%27informacion_taxonomica_integrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistèma d'informacion taxonomica integrat (la pagina existís pas)">ITIS</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbif.gc.ca/acp/fra/siti/regarder?tsn=179913"><i>Mammalia</i> Linnaeus, 1758</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> (<span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><small>+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=179913">version anglesa</a></small></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span>)<small> (consultat lo 9 janvier 2015)</small></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html">The Tree of Life Web Project (ToL)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/">uBio project : Universal Biological Indexer and Organizer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=40674">NCBI taxonomy database (mammalia)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mammalia.html">Animal Diversity Web (ADW) : Mammalia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1837">World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Mammalia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924044648/http://www.paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=99798">The Paleobiology Database : Mammalia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194837/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=12613">Fauna Europaea : Mammalia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307045317/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/11055447">Catalogue of Life : arbre taxonomic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/ema/index.htm">Portail European Mammal Assessment (EMA)</a> : evaluacion de l'estat de las populacions de mamifèrs en Euròpa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128132546/http://www.mammalogy.org/image-library">The American Society of Mammalogists</a> : photos de mammifères, classées par genre</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archeozoo.org/photos/index/category/60-mammiferes_langen_mammals_lang_langes_mamiferos_lang_?lang=fr_FR">ArchéoZooThèque : referencial osteologic de mamifèrs</a> : fòtos classadas per òrdre, familha e espècia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archeozoo.org/photos/index/category/50-squelettes_langen_skeletons_lang_langes_esqueletos_lang_?lang=fr_FR">ArchéoZooThèque : dessenhs d'esqueletas</a> : fichièrs disponibles als formats vectorial, imatge e PDF</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&action=edit&section=26" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana, <i>Dicod'Òc'</i>, cèrca « Mammifère », consultat lo 4 d'abriu de <a href="/wiki/2021" class="mw-redirect" title="2021">2021</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614085325/https://locongres.org/fr/applications/dicodoc-fr/dicodoc-recherche?option=com_dicodoc&view=search&Itemid=683&type=fr-oc&dic%5B%5D=BASIC&dic%5B%5D=RBVD&dic%5B%5D=ALPC&dic%5B%5D=ATAU&dic%5B%5D=PROV&dic%5B%5D=PNST&dic%5B%5D=OMLH&dic%5B%5D=LAUS&dic%5B%5D=LAGA&dic%5B%5D=LEMO&q=mammif%C3%A8re&q2=&submit=Rechercher">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> D.M. Hunt, M.W. Hankins, S.P. Collin, N.J. Marshall, <i>Evolution of Visual and Non-visual Pigments</i>, Springer, 2014, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> S. Sahney, M.J. Benton, F.A. Ferry, "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land", <i>Biology Letters</i>, 2010, <b>6</b> (4) : 544-547.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> N.B. Simmons, K.L. Seymour, J. Habersetzer e G.F. Gunnell, "Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation", <i>Nature</i>, 2008, <b>451</b> (7180) : 818–821.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> UICN, <i>La Liste Rouge de l’UICN révèle la crise d’extinction des mammifères</i>, 6 d'octòbre de 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.iucn.org/fr/content/la-liste-rouge-de-luicn-revele-la-crise-dextinction-des-mammiferes">[2]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> M.L. Power, J. Schulkin, <i>The Evolution Of The Human Placenta</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013, pp. 1890–1891.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> K.D. Rose, <i>The Beginning of the Age of Mammals</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> N. Anthwal, L. Joshi e A.S. Tucker, "Evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw: adaptations and novel structures", <i>Journal of Anatomy</i>, 2013, <b>222</b> (1) : 147-160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> N.A. Campbell e J.B. Reece, <i>Biology (6 ed.)</i>, Benjamin Cummings, 2002, p. 845.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Lindenfors, J.L. Gittleman, K. Jones, "Sexual size dimorphism in mammals" dins <i>Sex, size and gender roles</i>, 2007, pp. 16–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per exemple, es lo cas dei diferenteis espècias d'<a href="/wiki/Ursid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ursid">ursids</a> (<b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> T. Sacco, B. van Valkenburgh, "Ecomorphological indicators of feeding behaviour in the bears (Carnivora: Ursidae)", <i>Journal of Zoology</i>, vol. 263, n° 1, 2004, pp. 41–54).</span> </li> </ol> </div> <ul id="bendèl-portal" class="bendèl-portal"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Zoologia" title="Portal de la zoologia"><img alt="Portal de la zoologia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/27px-Symbole-faune.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/40px-Symbole-faune.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/53px-Symbole-faune.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Zoologia" title="Portal:Zoologia">Portal de la zoologia</a></span> </span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&oldid=2437150">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mammalia&oldid=2437150</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Taxobox_utilizant_la_classificacion_segon_ITIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Taxobox utilizant la classificacion segon ITIS (la pagina non existís pas)">Taxobox utilizant la classificacion segon ITIS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Euteleostomi" title="Categoria:Euteleostomi">Euteleostomi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Vertebrat" title="Categoria:Vertebrat">Vertebrat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mamif%C3%A8r" title="Categoria:Mamifèr">Mamifèr</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias amagadas : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_amb_taxobox-animal" title="Categoria:Article amb taxobox-animal">Article amb taxobox-animal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Portal:Zoologia/Articles_ligats" title="Categoria:Portal:Zoologia/Articles ligats">Portal:Zoologia/Articles ligats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Refer%C3%A9ncia_qu%27utiliza_lo_mod%C3%A8l_Metaligam_cap_a_portal" title="Categoria:Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal">Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Portal:Biologia/Articles_ligats" title="Categoria:Portal:Biologia/Articles ligats">Portal:Biologia/Articles ligats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 29 abril de 2024 a 18.05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span style="font-style: normal">Mammalia</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>212 lengas</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Apondre un subjècte</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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