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It explains what is unique about low-carbon innovation, why low-carbon innovation systems matter, and in what ways they need to be strengthened. However, building low-carbon innovation systems is a resource-intensive and long term endeavour, the outcomes of which are neither guaranteed nor predictable, and no single approach fits all national contexts. To mitigate the risky nature of building innovation systems, the public sector needs to provide financial support alongside private sector investments. Innovations emerge from a system of interconnected firms, (research) organisations and users all operating within an institutional environment that supports the building and strengthening of skills, knowledge and experience, and further enhances the interconnectedness of such players. Successful development and adoption of low-carbon technologies in developing countries depends on the presence of appropriate policies and innovation systems. Appropriateness means they are responsive to their local context in terms of available resources, comparative advantages, societal characteristics and cultural practices. Innovation skills and knowledge should be built in tandem with the adoption of low-carbon technologies and practices. An advantage for poorer developing nations stems from the weaker entrenchment of vested interests and less well established energy infrastructures. These provide opportunities for more easily steering development in low-carbon directions, avoiding the high-carbon pathways that industrialised countries have taken. 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const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=83359849"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper provides a review of what every developing-country policymaker should know about low-carbon innovation. It explains what is unique about low-carbon innovation, why low-carbon innovation systems matter, and in what ways they need to be strengthened. However, building low-carbon innovation systems is a resource-intensive and long term endeavour, the outcomes of which are neither guaranteed nor predictable, and no single approach fits all national contexts. To mitigate the risky nature of building innovation systems, the public sector needs to provide financial support alongside private sector investments. Innovations emerge from a system of interconnected firms, (research) organisations and users all operating within an institutional environment that supports the building and strengthening of skills, knowledge and experience, and further enhances the interconnectedness of such players. Successful development and adoption of low-carbon technologies in developing countries depends on the presence of appropriate policies and innovation systems. Appropriateness means they are responsive to their local context in terms of available resources, comparative advantages, societal characteristics and cultural practices. Innovation skills and knowledge should be built in tandem with the adoption of low-carbon technologies and practices. An advantage for poorer developing nations stems from the weaker entrenchment of vested interests and less well established energy infrastructures. These provide opportunities for more easily steering development in low-carbon directions, avoiding the high-carbon pathways that industrialised countries have taken. International initiatives could help to build low-carbon innovation systems in developing countries, but they should align with national policies of countries in order to better enable self-determined low-carbon innovation.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":88729582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/83359849/Innovation_systems_in_developing_countries"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":88729582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/83359849/Innovation_systems_in_developing_countries"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="83359849" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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It contributes to the debate by addressing how the learning, innovation, and competence-building lens adds to the discussion about the development outcomes of climate change mitigation. The aim of this introductory article is fourfold. First, it discusses key advances in the debate about the role of innovation and competence building in LCD in developing countries. Second, it seeks to add to the debate by paying particular attention to the heterogeneity of developing countries in terms of the context and innovative capacity for LCD. Third, it addresses the challenges to policy arising from such differentiated starting points. Finally, it sets forth the insights from the articles in this issue and the implications for future research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction to low-carbon innovation and development: insights and future challenges for research","attachmentId":64290670,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43963207/Introduction_to_low_carbon_innovation_and_development_insights_and_future_challenges_for_research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43963207/Introduction_to_low_carbon_innovation_and_development_insights_and_future_challenges_for_research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="68498745" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68498745/Low_carbon_development_poverty_reduction_and_innovation_system_building">Low carbon development, poverty reduction and innovation system building</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2680159" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/DavidOckwell">David Ockwell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is an apparent contradiction between inclusive development and low carbon development, as it seems that in order to give people access to electric energy, it is necessary to employ widely used &#39;old&#39; technologies, instead of investing in innovations that may be less productive at first. However, the paper defends that there are synergies between pro-poor growth and low carbon technologies. In order for poor countries to benefit from the use of such technologies, it is essential for them to build capabilities and ensure an adequate level of absorptive capacity. This involves not only market mechanisms, but also policy interventions, public and private resources, as well as an active participation of local actors. Moreover, besides investing financial resources in innovative activities for low carbon development, it is necessary to invest adequate time for the outcomes to flourish. The authors criticize the current policies for LCD in developing countries. It is argued th...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low carbon development, poverty reduction and innovation system building","attachmentId":78951799,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68498745/Low_carbon_development_poverty_reduction_and_innovation_system_building","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68498745/Low_carbon_development_poverty_reduction_and_innovation_system_building"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="16720075" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16720075/The_troublesome_build_up_of_low_carbon_innovation_systems">The troublesome build up of ‘low carbon’innovation systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36123171" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RSuurs">R. Suurs</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Climate change is an important problem worldwide. The uncertainty about the anthropogenic influence on global warming is decreasing as research continues (IPCC, 2007). Since a large share of the worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases can be attributed to the use of fossil energy sources, switching to low carbon energy technologies is important in many (supra-) national mitigation strategies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The troublesome build up of ‘low carbon’innovation systems","attachmentId":39145677,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16720075/The_troublesome_build_up_of_low_carbon_innovation_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16720075/The_troublesome_build_up_of_low_carbon_innovation_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="47633881" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47633881/Building_low_carbon_energy_innovation_systems_in_Africa">Building low-carbon energy innovation systems in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="108012932" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SanniMaruf">Maruf Sanni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this special issue is to bring together research on low-carbon innovation in the African context. The aim is to assess and compare various cases of low-carbon energy development in Africa in an effort to understand the underlying innovation and learning mechanisms that promote their adoption in different contexts. We seek to identify which actors and models drive such projects, what socio-technical factors facilitate their adaptation, and how the relevant communities or localities build the required technological capabilities for them to function optimally. Our approach to the investigation involved qualitative case studies using in-depth interviews, site visits, and scenario casting. In conclusion, our findings showed that by linking the models to the multi-dimensional outcomes desired of energy provision and access in diverse settings in Africa, critical insights into the mechanisms, drivers and barriers to developing vibrant linkages that can stimulate innovation in these technological systems would be gained. Such desired outcomes include, but are not limited to cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and economic development opportunities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Building low-carbon energy innovation systems in Africa","attachmentId":66626141,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47633881/Building_low_carbon_energy_innovation_systems_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47633881/Building_low_carbon_energy_innovation_systems_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="54023083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54023083/Mechanisms_for_International_Low_Carbon_Technology_Cooperation_Roles_and_Impacts">Mechanisms for International Low-Carbon Technology Cooperation: Roles and Impacts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35038326" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarstenNeuhoff">Karsten Neuhoff</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mechanisms for International Low-Carbon Technology Cooperation: Roles and Impacts","attachmentId":70587503,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54023083/Mechanisms_for_International_Low_Carbon_Technology_Cooperation_Roles_and_Impacts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54023083/Mechanisms_for_International_Low_Carbon_Technology_Cooperation_Roles_and_Impacts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="99553590" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99553590/Low_Carbon_Innovation_and_Development_Globelics_Thematic_Review">Low-Carbon Innovation and Development. Globelics Thematic Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36345940" href="https://aau-cph.academia.edu/BengtAkeLundvall">Bengt-Ake B . Lundvall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this Thematic Review we communicate relevant insights from the Globelics research community to policy circles and development donor organisations. The key issues addressed are, firstly, how the notion of LICS can help us understand the challenges of low carbon development (LCD), and secondly, a discussion of the design of support structures for the building of LICS that contribute to low-carbon development.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low-Carbon Innovation and Development. Globelics Thematic Review","attachmentId":100611643,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99553590/Low_Carbon_Innovation_and_Development_Globelics_Thematic_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99553590/Low_Carbon_Innovation_and_Development_Globelics_Thematic_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="62897812" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62897812/Overcoming_barriers_to_low_carbon_technology_transfer_and_deployment_An_exploration_of_the_impact_of_projects_in_developing_and_emerging_economies">Overcoming barriers to low carbon technology transfer and deployment: An exploration of the impact of projects in developing and emerging economies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40015948" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/BiswajitBasu">Biswajit Basu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Through a case study investigation, this paper critically reviews and explores the impact of a number of projects within developing and emerging economies that are advancing low carbon technologies. It is in response to the challenge of better understanding the broad effect of imperfections and barriers that may alter the acceleration of such technologies. In analysing the impact of a number of projects, it highlights the challenges that projects are encountering and attempts to provide some valuable guidance for policy makers. The paper considers the realms of regulatory, institutional, financial and information frameworks that may prevent the accelerated development of markets for low carbon technologies. It concludes that such barriers have implications for energy policy and presents some lessons and potential actions that can aid policy makers, market actors and technology innovators in understanding the transfer and deployment of low carbon technologies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Overcoming barriers to low carbon technology transfer and deployment: An exploration of the impact of projects in developing and emerging economies","attachmentId":75514291,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62897812/Overcoming_barriers_to_low_carbon_technology_transfer_and_deployment_An_exploration_of_the_impact_of_projects_in_developing_and_emerging_economies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62897812/Overcoming_barriers_to_low_carbon_technology_transfer_and_deployment_An_exploration_of_the_impact_of_projects_in_developing_and_emerging_economies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="65115546" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65115546/Low_carbon_development_and_inclusive_innovation_systems">Low-carbon development and inclusive innovation systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53818497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnsonBj%C3%B6rn">Björn Johnson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Innovation and Development, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Low-carbon development (LCD) is a process of structural change of unprecedented magnitude that includes radical changes in technology, institutions, values and policies. It has been proposed that inclusive institutions are crucial for enabling structural change by facilitating different processes of creative destruction. There are reasons to believe that inclusion is also crucial for achieving LCD. We explore why and how social inclusion may support LCD. In so doing, we bridge a gap between research on social inclusion and innovation, on the one hand, and LCD, on the other. We combine the ideas of systems of innovation and inclusive institutions to propose a new conceptualization of inclusive innovation systems, and we propose six mechanisms through which inclusion enables development. We conclude that the world must attempt to establish an inclusive and low-carbon system of innovation at the global level to achieve LCD.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low-carbon development and inclusive innovation systems","attachmentId":76846206,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65115546/Low_carbon_development_and_inclusive_innovation_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65115546/Low_carbon_development_and_inclusive_innovation_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="5085133" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5085133/Low_Carbon_Development_The_Role_of_Local_Innovative_Capabilities">Low Carbon Development: The Role of Local Innovative Capabilities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="545800" href="https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/AlexandraMallett">Alexandra Mallett</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2680159" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/DavidOckwell">David Ockwell</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low Carbon Development: The Role of Local Innovative Capabilities","attachmentId":32302555,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5085133/Low_Carbon_Development_The_Role_of_Local_Innovative_Capabilities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5085133/Low_Carbon_Development_The_Role_of_Local_Innovative_Capabilities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="63391898" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63391898/Technology_Transfer_and_Innovation_for_Low_Carbon_Development">Technology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6381631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiriaPigato">Miria Pigato</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Books in this series are published to communicate the results of Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Technology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development","attachmentId":75837309,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63391898/Technology_Transfer_and_Innovation_for_Low_Carbon_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63391898/Technology_Transfer_and_Innovation_for_Low_Carbon_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88729582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88729582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_88729582" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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