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Tyrosine — Wikipédia

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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosynthèse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biosynthèse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosynthèse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modifications_biochimiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modifications_biochimiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modifications biochimiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modifications_biochimiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications_thérapeutiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications_thérapeutiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Applications thérapeutiques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications_thérapeutiques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Applications thérapeutiques</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications_thérapeutiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aliments_sources_de_tyrosine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aliments_sources_de_tyrosine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Aliments sources de tyrosine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aliments_sources_de_tyrosine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Action_dans_le_corps_humain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Action_dans_le_corps_humain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Action dans le corps humain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Action_dans_le_corps_humain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrosine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 60 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تيروسين – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيروسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تيروسين – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيروسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تیروزین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیروزین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тирозин – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тирозин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Τυροσίνη – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τυροσίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tyrosine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozino" title="Tirozino – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tirozino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrosiin" title="Türosiin – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türosiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تیروزین – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیروزین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosiini" title="Tyrosiini – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tyrosiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tyrosine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9F" title="טירוזין – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טירוזין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Թիրոզին – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թիրոզին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozino" title="Tirozino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tirozino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="チロシン – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チロシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%A1%9C%EC%8B%A0_(%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%82%B0)" title="티로신 (아미노산) – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티로신 (아미노산)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AEros%C3%AEn" title="Tîrosîn – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tîrosîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozinas" title="Tirozinas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tirozinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiroz%C4%ABns" title="Tirozīns – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tirozīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тирозин – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тирозин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тирозин – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тирозин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tyrosine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrozyna" title="Tyrozyna – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tyrozyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tirosina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin%C4%83" title="Tirozină – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tirozină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тирозин – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тирозин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tyrosine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyroz%C3%ADn" title="Tyrozín – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tyrozín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тирозин – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тирозин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosin" title="Tirosin – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tirosin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="டைரோசின் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டைரோசின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ไทโรซีน – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไทโรซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тирозин – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тирозин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirozin" title="Tirozin – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tirozin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tyrosin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="酪氨酸 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酪氨酸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="酪氨酸 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酪氨酸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tyrosin" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;color:black;">Tyrosine </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg/225px-L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg/338px-L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg/450px-L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="137" /></a></span><br /><b>L ou <i>S</i>(–)-tyrosine</b><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:D-Tyrosine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/D-Tyrosine.svg/225px-D-Tyrosine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/D-Tyrosine.svg/338px-D-Tyrosine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/D-Tyrosine.svg/450px-D-Tyrosine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="145" /></a></span><br /><b>D ou <i>R</i>(+)-tyrosine</b></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Identification</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_de_l%27UICPA" title="Nomenclature de l&#39;UICPA">Nom UICPA</a> </th> <td><small>acide (<i>S</i>)-2-<a href="/wiki/Amine_(chimie)" title="Amine (chimie)">amino</a>-3-(4-hydroxy<a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Phényl">phényl</a>)propanoïque</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Synonymie" title="Synonymie">Synonymes</a> </th> <td> <p>Y, Tyr </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS">N<sup>o</sup> CAS</a> </th> <td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=556-03-6&amp;language=fr&amp;title=Tyrosine">556-03-6</a></span></span> (racémique)<br /><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=60-18-4&amp;language=fr&amp;title=Tyrosine">60-18-4</a></span></span> (L) ou <i>S</i>(–)<br /><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=556-02-5&amp;language=fr&amp;title=Tyrosine">556-02-5</a></span></span> (D) ou R </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> N<sup>o</sup> <a href="/wiki/Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_produits_chimiques" title="Agence européenne des produits chimiques">ECHA</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.419">100.000.419</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CE" title="Numéro CE">N<sup>o</sup> CE</a> </th> <td>200-460-4 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">DrugBank </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00135">DB00135</a></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6057">6057</a></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">ChEBI </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=18186">18186</a></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/GRAS" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAS"><span title="Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association">FEMA</span></a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa-flav/results.html?flavName=&amp;groupName=-1&amp;searchBy=fema&amp;jecfa=&amp;fema=3736&amp;cas1=&amp;cas2=&amp;cas3="><span title="laevo-tyrosine">3736</span></a></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Molecular_Input_Line_Entry_System" title="Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System">SMILES</a> </th> <td><div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;Afficher&#93;/&#91;Masquer&#93;" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;">C([C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)N)(O)=O <br /><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/?smarts=C%28%5BC%40H%5D%28Cc1ccc%28O%29cc1%29N%29%28O%29%3DO">PubChem</a></span>, <span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;model=C%28%5BC%40H%5D%28Cc1ccc%28O%29cc1%29N%29%28O%29%3DO">vue 3D</a></span></div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a> </th> <td><div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;Afficher&#93;/&#91;Masquer&#93;" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;"><b>InChI&#160;:</b> <span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;model=InChI%3D1%2FC9H11NO3%2Fc10-8%289%2812%2913%295-6-1-3-7%2811%294-2-6%2Fh1-4%2C8%2C11H%2C5%2C10H2%2C%28H%2C12%2C13%29%2Ft8-%2Fm0%2Fs1">vue 3D</a></span> <br />InChI&#61;1/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1 <br /></div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Propriétés chimiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Formule_chimique" title="Formule chimique">Formule</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a><sub>9</sub><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a><sub>11</sub><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">N</a><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><sub>3</sub>&#160;&#160;<span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/C9H11NO3" class="mw-redirect" title="C9H11NO3"><small>&#91;Isomères&#93;</small></a></span><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_molaire" title="Masse molaire">Masse molaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>181,188&#160;5&#160;±&#160;0,009&#160;1&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gramme" title="Gramme">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Mole (unité)">mol</a> <br /><small>C&#160;59,66&#160;%, &#32;H&#160;6,12&#160;%, &#32;N&#160;7,73&#160;%, &#32;O&#160;26,49&#160;%, &#32;</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Constante_d%27acidit%C3%A9" title="Constante d&#39;acidité">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> </th> <td>2,2 pour l'acide&#160;; 9,11 pour la base et 10,07 pour le groupement phénol <sup id="cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemIDplus-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#f7efa8; color:#000000">Propriétés physiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion"><abbr class="abbr" title="Température">T°</abbr> fusion</a> </th> <td><span title="649,4 °F ou 616,2 K">343&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>&#32; (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9composition" title="Décomposition">décomposition</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemIDplus-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A9" title="Solubilité">Solubilité</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">479</span>&#160;<span title="milligramme">mg</span>·<span title="Litre">l</span><sup>-1</sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">eau</a>,<span title="77 °F ou 298,15 K ou 6,174&#160;613&#160;751&#160;4E−21 J">25&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>) <sup id="cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemIDplus-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Thermochimie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">S<sup class="exposant">0</sup><small style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 80%;"><sub>solide</sub></small> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">214,01</span>&#160;<span title="joule">J</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> <sup id="cite_ref-NIST_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="margin:0;background: #eeeeee;padding:0;color:#000">Δ<small style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:80%"><sub>f</sub></small>H<sup class="exposant">0</sup><small style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 80%;"><sub>solide</sub></small></span> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="−7,105&#160;745&#160;126&#160;561&#160;1 eV ou −163&#160;862,33 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">−685,6</span>&#160;<span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> <sup id="cite_ref-NIST_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Capacité thermique">C<sub>p</sub></a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">216,44</span>&#160;<span title="joule">J</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> (solide,<span title="77 °F ou 298,15 K ou 6,174&#160;613&#160;751&#160;4E−21 J">25&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Propriétés biochimiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Code_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique#Codons" title="Code génétique">Codons</a> </th> <td>UAU, UAC </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_iso%C3%A9lectrique" title="Point isoélectrique">pH isoélectrique</a> </th> <td>5,66<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_essentiel" title="Acide aminé essentiel">Acide aminé essentiel</a> </th> <td>selon les cas </td></tr><tr><th style="padding: 2px 0px;">Occurrence chez les <a href="/wiki/Vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s" title="Vertébrés">vertébrés</a></th><td>3,3&#160;%<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffb4b4; color:#000000">Précautions</th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#eeeeee; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_sur_les_mati%C3%A8res_dangereuses_utilis%C3%A9es_au_travail" title="Système d&#39;information sur les matières dangereuses utilisées au travail">SIMDUT</a><sup id="cite_ref-Reptox_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reptox-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><br />Produit non contrôlé<div class="NavFrame" title="&#91;+&#93;/&#91;–&#93;" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;">Ce produit n'est pas contrôlé selon les critères de classification du SIMDUT.</div></div></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffb4b4; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cotoxicologie" title="Écotoxicologie">Écotoxicologie</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/LogP" title="LogP">LogP</a> </th> <td>-2.26 <sup id="cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemIDplus-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#FFDEAD;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Unités du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d&#39;unités">SI</a> et <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression"><abbr title="conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</abbr></a>, sauf indication contraire.</td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFDEAD solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Chimie" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>La <b>tyrosine</b> (abréviations <a href="/wiki/Union_internationale_de_chimie_pure_et_appliqu%C3%A9e" title="Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée">IUPAC</a>-<a href="/wiki/Union_internationale_de_biochimie_et_de_biologie_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Union internationale de biochimie et de biologie moléculaire">IUBMB</a>&#160;: <b>Tyr</b> et <b>Y</b>) est un <a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9" title="Acide aminé">acide <span class="nowrap">α-aminé</span></a> dont l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nantiom%C3%A9rie" title="Énantiomérie">énantiomère</a> <small>L</small> est l'un des 22 <a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_prot%C3%A9inog%C3%A8ne" title="Acide aminé protéinogène">acides aminés protéinogènes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Code_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Code génétique">codé</a> sur les <a href="/wiki/Acide_ribonucl%C3%A9ique_messager" title="Acide ribonucléique messager">ARN messagers</a> par les <a href="/wiki/Codon" title="Codon">codons</a> UAU et UAC. Sa <a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_lat%C3%A9rale" title="Chaîne latérale">chaîne latérale</a> comporte un <a href="/wiki/Groupe_fonctionnel" title="Groupe fonctionnel">groupe</a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nol_(groupe)" title="Phénol (groupe)">phénol</a> dont l'<a href="/wiki/Hydroxyle" title="Hydroxyle">hydroxyle</a> est légèrement <a href="/wiki/Acide" title="Acide">acide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constante_d%27acidit%C3%A9" title="Constante d&#39;acidité">pKa</a> = 9,76<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>). Cet acide aminé n'est pas <a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_essentiel" title="Acide aminé essentiel">essentiel</a> chez les <a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère">mammifères</a> mais peut néanmoins être <a href="/wiki/Biosynth%C3%A8se" title="Biosynthèse">produit</a> en quantité insuffisante par l'organisme dans certains cas particuliers, nécessitant alors un apport <a href="/wiki/Alimentation_humaine" title="Alimentation humaine">alimentaire</a>. </p><p>La tyrosine participe à la synthèse des <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9cholamine" title="Catécholamine">catécholamines</a>&#160;: l'<a href="/wiki/Adr%C3%A9naline" title="Adrénaline">adrénaline</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Noradr%C3%A9naline" title="Noradrénaline">noradrénaline</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a> et la <a href="/wiki/DOPA" title="DOPA">DOPA</a>. Elle est aussi <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9curseur_(chimie)" title="Précurseur (chimie)">précurseur</a> de la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanine" title="Mélanine">mélanine</a> (pigment qui colore la peau, les poils, l'<a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomie)" title="Iris (anatomie)">iris</a>) et des <a href="/wiki/Hormones_thyro%C3%AFdiennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormones thyroïdiennes">hormones thyroïdiennes</a> (formation de <a href="/wiki/Thyronine" title="Thyronine">thyronine</a> à partir de deux tyrosines). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg/220px-Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg/330px-Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg/440px-Wikicheese_-_Comt%C3%A9_fruit%C3%A9_-_20151024_-_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Dans les vieux fromages comme le <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_(fromage)" title="Comté (fromage)">Comté</a>, la caséine se transforme après plusieurs mois d'<a href="/wiki/Affinage_du_fromage" title="Affinage du fromage">affinage</a> jusqu'à libérer ces cristaux de tyrosine formant des points blancs en surface.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cet acide aminé est isolé pour la première fois en 1846 par <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> à partir de la <a href="/wiki/Cas%C3%A9ine" title="Caséine">caséine</a> du fromage. Le <a href="/wiki/Chimiste" title="Chimiste">chimiste</a> allemand lui donne le nom de «&#160;tyrosine&#160;», du grec <i>tyrós</i> signifiant fromage<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biosynthèse"><span id="Biosynth.C3.A8se"></span>Biosynthèse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Biosynthèse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Biosynthèse"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chez les mammifères, elle est <a href="/wiki/Biosynth%C3%A8se_des_prot%C3%A9ines" title="Biosynthèse des protéines">synthétisée</a> par <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylation" title="Hydroxylation">hydroxylation</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nylalanine" title="Phénylalanine">phénylalanine</a>, catalysée par la <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nylalanine_hydroxylase" title="Phénylalanine hydroxylase">phénylalanine hydroxylase</a>, sauf dans un cas, plus ou moins marqué de <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nylc%C3%A9tonurie" title="Phénylcétonurie">phénylcétonurie</a> (maladie résultant d'une accumulation de phénylalanine dans le sang, due à une réduction de l'activité hydroxylase). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg/660px-Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg/990px-Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg/1320px-Adrenaline_Biosynthese-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Biosynthèse de la tyrosine et des catécholamines à partir de la phénylalanine chez les mammifères.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chez les plantes et la plupart des microorganismes, la tyrosine est produite à partir du préphénate, un <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tabolite" title="Métabolite">métabolite</a> intermédiaire de la <a href="/wiki/Voie_du_shikimate" title="Voie du shikimate">voie du shikimate</a>. Le <a href="/wiki/Acide_pr%C3%A9ph%C3%A9nique" title="Acide préphénique">préphénate</a> subit une <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9carboxylation" title="Décarboxylation">décarboxylation</a> oxydative pour donner du <i>p</i>-hydroxyphénylpyruvate, qui est ensuite soumis à une <a href="/wiki/Transamination" title="Transamination">transamination</a> pour donner de la tyrosine et du <a href="/wiki/Acide_alpha-c%C3%A9toglutarique" title="Acide alpha-cétoglutarique">2-cétoglutarate</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg/440px-Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg/660px-Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg/880px-Tyrosine_biosynthesis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Biosynthèse de la tyrosine chez les plantes et les microorganismes.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modifications_biochimiques">Modifications biochimiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Modifications biochimiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Modifications biochimiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le noyau aromatique de la tyrosine (ou parahydroxy phénylalanine) comprend un groupement hydroxyle qui rend sa chaine latérale moins hydrophobe que celle de la phénylalanine (mais la tyrosine est un acide aminé nettement moins soluble dans l'eau que la phénylalanine). Le groupement phénol (benzène+hydroxyle) lui confère une absorption dans l'UV à 275&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="nanomètre">nm</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-spectro_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectro-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sa fonction hydroxyle lui permet d'être phosphorylée par des <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> appelés <a href="/wiki/Kinase" title="Kinase">kinases</a>. La phosphorylation d'un acide aminé a très souvent un rôle de régulation de l'activité de l'enzyme elle-même. La <a href="/wiki/Thr%C3%A9onine" title="Thréonine">thréonine</a> et la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rine" title="Sérine">sérine</a> sont deux autres acides aminés pouvant subir la même <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a>. La tyrosine peut également subir une <a href="/wiki/Sulfatation" title="Sulfatation">sulfatation</a> ou une hydroxylation. </p><p>La tyrosine peut également être modifiée en (3-)nitrotyrosine. Cette réaction de <a href="/wiki/Nitration" title="Nitration">nitration</a> peut affecter la tyrosine en tant qu'acide aminé libre ou que résidu d'acide aminé intégré dans une <a href="/wiki/Polypeptide" title="Polypeptide">chaîne polypeptidique</a>. <i>In vivo</i>, cette réaction est majoritairement due à l'action de l'acide péroxynitreux (ou <a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrite" title="Peroxynitrite">peroxynitrite</a>, ONOO(-)), mais d'autres voies réactionnelles peuvent également aboutir à la formation de nitrotyrosine. <i>In vitro</i>, le <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9tranitrom%C3%A9thane" title="Tétranitrométhane">tétranitrométhane</a> (TNM) a aussi été utilisé dans ce but. La nitration de tyrosines est généralement vue comme un phénomène pathologique (<i>e.g.</i> l'augmentation de la concentration plasmatique de nitrotyrosine est considérée comme un <a href="/wiki/Biomarqueur" title="Biomarqueur">biomarqueur</a> de phénomènes inflammatoires), bien que la possibilité que cette réaction soit également un phénomène physiologique ait récemment été suggérée. </p><p>Les tyrosines engagées dans des <a href="/wiki/Liaison_peptidique" title="Liaison peptidique">liaisons peptidiques</a> au sein des <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine" title="Protéine">protéines</a> peuvent forment des <a href="/wiki/Pont_(homonymie)#Chimie" class="mw-disambig" title="Pont (homonymie)">ponts</a> tyrosine-tyrosine (dityrosine), tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine (trityrosine), tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine (tétratyrosine)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications_thérapeutiques"><span id="Applications_th.C3.A9rapeutiques"></span>Applications thérapeutiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Applications thérapeutiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Applications thérapeutiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henri_Laborit" title="Henri Laborit">Henri Laborit</a> fut un des premiers chercheurs à l'employer et à obtenir les brevets mondiaux d'application thérapeutique, dans le traitement des états de choc, des <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9pression_(psychiatrie)" title="Dépression (psychiatrie)">dépressions</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Hypertension_art%C3%A9rielle" title="Hypertension artérielle">hypertension artérielle</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/Maladie_de_Parkinson" title="Maladie de Parkinson">maladie de Parkinson</a>. Il dut abandonner car il ne trouva personne à l'époque pour les exploiter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aliments_sources_de_tyrosine">Aliments sources de tyrosine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Aliments sources de tyrosine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Aliments sources de tyrosine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme tous les acides aminés, la tyrosine est présente là où il y a des protéines. </p><p>Cependant, la quantité de tyrosine ingérée ne dépendra pas seulement de ses concentrations dans un aliment donné, mais aussi de la quantité totale consommée. Par exemple, il est plus rare que l'on consomme autant de protéines en mangeant des graines de sésame ou de citrouille que l'on en consomme en consommant des <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8ve" title="Fève">fèves</a>. On trouve notamment de la tyrosine dans les aliments suivants&#160;: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viande_de_b%C5%93uf" class="mw-redirect" title="Viande de bœuf">viande de bœuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poulet" title="Poulet">poulet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porc" title="Porc">porc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amande" title="Amande">amande</a>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avocat_(fruit)" title="Avocat (fruit)">avocat</a>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banane" title="Banane">banane</a>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haricot_de_Lima" title="Haricot de Lima">fève de Lima</a>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graine_de_courge" title="Graine de courge">graine de citrouille</a>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graine_de_s%C3%A9same" title="Graine de sésame">graine de sésame</a>&#160;;</li> <li>fromages à pâte dure&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Parmigiano_Reggiano" title="Parmigiano Reggiano">parmesan</a>, 2&#160;328&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>&#160;; <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_(fromage)" title="Comté (fromage)">comté</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmental" title="Emmental">emmental</a>, 1&#160;693&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soja" title="Soja">soja</a>, graines, rôties, sans sel, 1&#160;332&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>&#160;;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">jambon</a> cru&#160;;</li> <li>Graines, farine de graines de <a href="/wiki/Coton" title="Coton">coton</a>, faible en gras, 1&#160;796&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>On peut observer de petites étoiles blanches visibles sur la tranche de section de certains fromages à pâte dure comme le parmesan et le comté<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce sont des cristaux de tyrosine, qui attestent de la <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9olyse" title="Protéolyse">protéolyse</a> qui a eu lieu lors de la maturation du fromage. Cette tyrosine peu soluble dans l'eau se rassemble en fines cristallisations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Action_dans_le_corps_humain">Action dans le corps humain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Action dans le corps humain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Action dans le corps humain"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tyrosine intervient dans la synthèse de la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanine" title="Mélanine">mélanine</a>, le pigment naturel de la peau et des cheveux, et dans celle de la <a href="/wiki/Thyroxine" title="Thyroxine">thyroxine</a>, l'hormone thyroïdienne. </p><p>Elle a une action sur la dépression ou l’anxiété et intervient dans la formation du neurotransmetteur <a href="/wiki/Adr%C3%A9naline" title="Adrénaline">épinéphrine</a> dans la <a href="/wiki/Glande_surr%C3%A9nale" title="Glande surrénale">médullosurrénale</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12955284_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12955284-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le septembre 2024)." style="cursor:help;">Un athlète ou un <a href="/wiki/Culturisme" title="Culturisme">culturiste</a> qui s'entraîne intensivement peut tirer profit d'un complément de L Tyrosine qui, en affectant directement les niveaux de <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a>, peut aider à combattre la fatigue et le stress associés à des séances d'entraînement lourdes et intensives. Certaines études semblent aussi indiquer que la L Tyrosine pourrait être utile dans la perte de poids.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">&#91;réf.&#160;nécessaire&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ChemIDplus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ChemIDplus_1-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/60-18-4"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Tyrosine</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemical.html"><i>ChemIDplus</i></a></span></span>, consulté le 8 juillet 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Masse molaire calculée d’après <span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Atomic weights of the elements 2007</span></cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">www.chem.qmul.ac.uk</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIST_3-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-NIST_3-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=60-18-4&amp;Units=SI"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">«&#160;Tyrosine&#160;»</cite></a>, sur <span class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/"><i>NIST/WebBook</i></a></span></span>, consulté le 8 juillet 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Carey2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Francis_A._Carey2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Francis A. Carey, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch27/ch27-1-4-2.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Table of pKa and pI values</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Département de chimie de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Calgary" title="Université de Calgary">université de Calgary</a></span>, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-07-26" data-sort-value="2015-07-26">26 juillet 2015</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Beals,_L._Gross,_S._Harrell"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Beals,_L._Gross,_S._Harrell"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> M. Beals, L. Gross, S. Harrell, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~gross/bioed/webmodules/aminoacid.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Amino Acid Frequency</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">The Institute for Environmental Modeling (TIEM) à l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Tennessee" title="Université du Tennessee">université du Tennessee</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-07-26" data-sort-value="2015-07-26">26 juillet 2015</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reptox-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Reptox_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reptox.csst.qc.ca/DetailSimdut.asp?no_produit=108530&amp;langue=F">Tyrosine (l-)</a>&#160;» dans la base de données de produits chimiques <i>Reptox</i> de la <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_la_sant%C3%A9_et_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_du_travail" title="Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail">CSST</a> (organisme québécois responsable de la sécurité et de la santé au travail), consulté le 25 avril 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PlatzerOkonMcIntosh2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gerald_PlatzerMark_OkonLawrence_P._McIntosh2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gerald <span class="nom_auteur">Platzer</span>, Mark <span class="nom_auteur">Okon</span> et Lawrence P. <span class="nom_auteur">McIntosh</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">pH-dependent random coil 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shifts of the ionizable amino acids: a guide for protein pK a measurements</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Biomolecular NMR</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;60, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéros">n<sup>os</sup></abbr>&#160;2-3,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-09-20" data-sort-value="2014-09-20">20 septembre 2014</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">109–129</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0925-2738">0925-2738</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1573-5001">1573-5001</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-014-9862-y">10.1007/s10858-014-9862-y</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-014-9862-y">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-09-11" data-sort-value="2018-09-11">11 septembre 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=pH-dependent+random+coil+1H%2C+13C%2C+and+15N+chemical+shifts+of+the+ionizable+amino+acids%3A+a+guide+for+protein+pK+a+measurements&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomolecular+NMR&amp;rft.issue=2-3&amp;rft.aulast=Platzer&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerald&amp;rft.au=Okon%2C+Mark&amp;rft.au=McIntosh%2C+Lawrence+P.&amp;rft.date=2014-09-20&amp;rft.volume=60&amp;rft.pages=109%E2%80%93129&amp;rft.issn=0925-2738&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10858-014-9862-y&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATyrosine"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cette racine grecque se retrouve dans les termes tyrophile, «&#160;amoureux de fromages&#160;», et <a href="/wiki/Tyros%C3%A9miophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrosémiophile">tyrosémiophile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collection_(activit%C3%A9)" title="Collection (activité)">collectioneur</a> des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_(emballage)" title="Étiquette (emballage)">étiquettes</a> de fromage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Donnelly2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Catherine_Donnelly2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Catherine Donnelly, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Oxford Companion to Cheese</cite>, Oxford University Press, <time>2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;255<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Cheese&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Donnelly&amp;rft.aufirst=Catherine&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.pages=255&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATyrosine"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spectro-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-spectro_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="RossLawsRousslangWyssbrod"><span class="ouvrage" id="J.B.A._RossW.R._LawsK.W._RousslangH.R._Wyssbrod"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> J.B.A. Ross, W.R. Laws, K.W. Rousslang et H.R. Wyssbrod, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">«&#160;Tyrosine Fluorescence and Phosphorescence from Proteins and Polypeptides&#160;»</cite>, dans J.R. Lakowicz, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;3&#160;: <span class="lang-en italique" lang="en">Biochemical applications</span>, New-York, Springer <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-306-47059-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-306-47059-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-306-47059-2</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b112909">10.1007/b112909</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/0-306-47059-4_1.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Topics+in+Fluorescence+Spectroscopy&amp;rft.atitle=Tyrosine+Fluorescence+and+Phosphorescence+from+Proteins+and+Polypeptides&amp;rft.place=New-York&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.aulast=Ross&amp;rft.aufirst=J.B.A.&amp;rft.au=W.R.+Laws&amp;rft.au=K.W.+Rousslang&amp;rft.au=H.R.+Wyssbrod&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.spage=1&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-306-47059-2&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fb112909&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATyrosine"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Olav_Andersen1964"><span class="ouvrage" id="Svend_Olav_Andersen1964"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Svend Olav Andersen, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The cross-links in resilin identified as dityrosine and trityrosine</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;93, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;1,&#8206; <time>1964</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">213-215</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165%2864%2990289-2">10.1016/0304-4165(64)90289-2</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+cross-links+in+resilin+identified+as+dityrosine+and+trityrosine&amp;rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.au=Svend+Olav+Andersen&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft.volume=93&amp;rft.pages=213-215&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-4165%2864%2990289-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATyrosine"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir divers tableaux de chiffres des teneurs (variables) en tyrosine <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dietgrail.com/teneur-en-tyrosine-des-aliments">[1]</a>/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.produits-laitiers.com/2012/10/15/question-pas-bete-cest-quoi-ces-cristaux-de-sel-dans-mon-fromage/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Question (pas) bête&#160;: c'est quoi, ces cristaux de sel dans mon fromage&#160;?</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Les produits laitiers</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-10-15" data-sort-value="2012-10-15">15 octobre 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-08-26" data-sort-value="2020-08-26">26 août 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12955284-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12955284_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="A,_Rubinsztein_JS,_Robbins_TW,_Sahakian_BJ.2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="McLean_A,_Rubinsztein_JS,_Robbins_TW,_Sahakian_BJ.2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> McLean A, Rubinsztein JS, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ., «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The effects of tyrosine depletion in normal healthy volunteers: implications for unipolar depression.</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Psychopharmacology</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;171, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;3,&#8206; <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;286-97. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12955284">12955284</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12955284">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+effects+of+tyrosine+depletion+in+normal+healthy+volunteers%3A+implications+for+unipolar+depression.&amp;rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.au=McLean+A%2C+Rubinsztein+JS%2C+Robbins+TW%2C+Sahakian+BJ.&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.volume=171&amp;rft.pages=286-97.&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12955284&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F12955284&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATyrosine"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrosine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chups.jussieu.fr/polys/biochimie/STbioch/POLY.Chp.11.19.html">http://www.chups.jussieu.fr/polys/biochimie/STbioch/POLY.Chp.11.19.html</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/aminoacid/tyrosin_en.html">http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/aminoacid/tyrosin_en.html</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Acides_amin%C3%A9s" title="Modèle:Palette Acides aminés"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Acides_amin%C3%A9s&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9" title="Acide aminé">Acides aminés</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_prot%C3%A9inog%C3%A8ne" title="Acide aminé protéinogène">Acide aminé protéinogène</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Compos%C3%A9_aliphatique" title="Composé aliphatique">Aliphatique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_ramifi%C3%A9" title="Acide aminé ramifié">Acide aminé ramifié</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">Isoleucine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9thionine" title="Méthionine">Méthionine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">Proline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine_(acide_amin%C3%A9)" title="Glycine (acide aminé)">Glycine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9#Acides_aminés_aromatiques" title="Acide aminé">Aromatique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nylalanine" title="Phénylalanine">Phénylalanine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophane" title="Tryptophane">Tryptophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Polarit%C3%A9_(chimie)" title="Polarité (chimie)">Polaire</a>, non chargé</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asparagine" title="Asparagine">Asparagine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamine" title="Glutamine">Glutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rine" title="Sérine">Sérine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thr%C3%A9onine" title="Thréonine">Thréonine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Charge positive (<a href="/wiki/Constante_d%27acidit%C3%A9" title="Constante d&#39;acidité">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a> (≈10,8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a> (≈12,5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a> (≈6.1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrolysine" title="Pyrrolysine">Pyrrolysine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Charge négative (<a href="/wiki/Constante_d%27acidit%C3%A9" title="Constante d&#39;acidité">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acide_aspartique" title="Acide aspartique">Aspartate</a> (≈3,9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acide_glutamique" title="Acide glutamique">Glutamate</a> (≈4,1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nocyst%C3%A9ine" title="Sélénocystéine">Sélénocystéine</a> (≈5,4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyst%C3%A9ine" title="Cystéine">Cystéine</a> (≈8,3)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tyrosine</a> (≈10,1)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:L-amino_acid_any.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/L-amino_acid_any.png/145px-L-amino_acid_any.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/L-amino_acid_any.png/218px-L-amino_acid_any.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/L-amino_acid_any.png/290px-L-amino_acid_any.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_non_prot%C3%A9inog%C3%A8ne" title="Acide aminé non protéinogène">Acide aminé non protéinogène</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_non_prot%C3%A9inog%C3%A8ne#Acides_aminés_non_protéinogènes_présents_dans_des_protéines" title="Acide aminé non protéinogène">Acides aminés non protéinogènes présents dans des protéines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_non_prot%C3%A9inog%C3%A8ne#Autres_acides_aminés_non_protéinogènes" title="Acide aminé non protéinogène">Autres acides aminés non protéinogènes</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="3"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine" title="Protéine">Protéine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">Peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Code génétique">Code génétique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_essentiel" title="Acide aminé essentiel">Acide aminé essentiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_glucoformateur" title="Acide aminé glucoformateur">Acide aminé glucoformateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9_c%C3%A9toformateur" title="Acide aminé cétoformateur">Acide aminé cétoformateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acide_amin%C3%A9#Acides_aminés_non_standard" title="Acide aminé">Acide aminé non standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/36px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/48px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail:Chimie">Portail de la chimie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Biochimie" title="Portail de la biochimie"><img alt="icône 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Red2.jpg/40px-Red2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Red2.jpg/53px-Red2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Biologie_cellulaire_et_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Portail:Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire">Portail de la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Pharmacie" title="Portail de la pharmacie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Coupe_d%27Hygie.svg/20px-Coupe_d%27Hygie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Coupe_d%27Hygie.svg/30px-Coupe_d%27Hygie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Coupe_d%27Hygie.svg/40px-Coupe_d%27Hygie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Pharmacie" title="Portail:Pharmacie">Portail de la pharmacie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9decine" title="Portail de la médecine"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/24px-Star_of_life2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/36px-Star_of_life2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Star_of_life2.svg/48px-Star_of_life2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span> <span 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