Economic Growth : Center for Global Development : Research Topics

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.cgdev.org:80/section/topics/economicgrowth/","20120101124154","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1325421714"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <title>Economic Growth : Center for Global Development : Research Topics</title> <meta name="description" content="Independent research and practical ideas for global prosperity."/> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="copyright" content="Center for Global Development"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154im_/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/wp-content/themes/cgd-blogs_new/images/cgd-logo.png"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/images/cgd_favicon.gif" type="image/gif"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20120101124154cs_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/style.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20120101124154cs_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/profile_style.css"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20120101124154cs_/http://www.cgdev.org/jquery/thickbox/thickbox.css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154js_/http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.6.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120101124154js_/http://www.cgdev.org/jquery/thickbox/thickbox.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120101124154js_/http://www.cgdev.org/jquery/fadeSlideShow-minified.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function() { jQuery("#home-blog ul").each(function() { jQuery(this).find("li:first a").css({"font-size": "17px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery(this).find("li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); }); jQuery("#sidebar ul").each(function() { jQuery(this).find("li:first a").css({"font-size": "14px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery(this).find("li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); }); jQuery("#home-in-the-news li:first a").css({"font-size": "17px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery("#home-in-the-news li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); jQuery("#home-multimedia li:first a").css({"font-size": "17px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery("#home-multimedia li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); jQuery(".tab").click(function() { jQuery(this).parent().find(".tab").removeClass("active"); jQuery(this).parent().parent().find(".tab-box").hide(); var active_box = jQuery(this).attr("rel"); jQuery(this).parent().parent().find(".tab-box."+active_box).show(); jQuery(this).addClass("active"); }); }); </script> </head> <body class="section topics economicgrowth"> <div id="header"> <div id="header-inner"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td width="185"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/cgd-logo.png" alt="CGD"/></a> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <div id="tagline">Independent research & practical ideas for global prosperity</div> </td> <td align="right"> <div id="header-nav"> <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/">About Us</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/onthehill/">On the Hill</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/presscenter/">Press Center</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about_enews/">Subscribe</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/donate/">Invest</a> </div> <div id="search-bar"> <form method="get" action="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/search"> <input name="q" id="search-input" value="Search" onclick="this.value=''"/> <input type="submit" id="search-btn" value=""/> </form> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div id="navbar"> <div id="navbar-inner"> <ul id="topnav"> <li class="nav_home"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/" class="nav_item"><span>Home</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_topics selected"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics" class="nav_item"><span>Topics</span></a> <div class="menu"> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/aid_effectiveness">Aid Effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/capitalflows">Capital Flows/Financial Crises</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/climate_change">Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/debt">Debt Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/economicgrowth">Economic Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/finance">Finance</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/food_and_agriculture">Food and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/fragile_states">Fragile States</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/global_health">Global Health Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/governance">Governance/Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/ifi">International Financial Institutions</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/migration">Migration and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/population">Population and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/privateinvest">Private Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/regions">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/trade">Trade</a></li> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav_initiatives"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives" class="nav_item"><span>Initiatives</span></a> <div class="menu"> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a style="color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: bold;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives">Active Initiatives</a></li><hr style="margin: 0 0 8px 0;"> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi">2011 Commitment to Development Index</a></li> <li><a target="_new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.carma.org/">Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid">Cash on Delivery (COD) Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/drugresistanceglobalhealth">Combating Drug Resistance</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/forestmonitoringforactionforma">Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/migration_data_commission">Improving Migration Data</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/migration_tool_disaster_recovery">Migration as a Tool for Disaster Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/revenues_distribution">Oil-to-Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/pakistan">Pakistan: U.S. Development Strategy in Pakistan</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/preventingodiousobligations">Preventing Odious Obligations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/reformingtradepreferences">Reforming Trade Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/assistance">Rethinking U.S. Foreign Assistance</a></li> <hr style="margin: 8px 0 0 0;"> <li><a style="color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: bold;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives?itype=completed">Completed Initiatives</a></li> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav_publications"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/publications" class="nav_item"><span>Publications</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_blogs"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/opinions/blogs" class="nav_item"><span>Blogs</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_experts"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/experts" class="nav_item"><span>Experts</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_events"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/events" class="nav_item"><span>Events</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_teach_learn"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/for_educators" class="nav_item"><span>For Educators</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_opinions"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/impact" class="nav_item"><span>Impact</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="container">     <style> .icon_class { display: inline; position: relative; top: -2px; } </style>  <div id="breadcrumb" style="height: 30px;"> <div style="float:right"> <div style="display: inline; right:-10px;top: 5px; position: relative;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="horizontal" data-via="CGDev">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154js_/http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>       <div class="icon_class" style="position: relative; top: -3px;"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154js_/http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like layout="button_count" width="90" font="arial"></fb:like></div>  </div> <a href="javascript:print()"><img style="vertical-align:bottom" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-print.png" title="Print" alt="Print"/> Print</a>     <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.addtoany.com/share_save"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154im_/http://static.addtoany.com/buttons/favicon.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Share/Bookmark"/> Share</a><script type="text/javascript">a2a_linkname=document.title;a2a_linkurl=location.href;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154js_/http://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script> </div> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/"> Home</a> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/breadcrumb-arrow.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics"> Research Topics</a> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/breadcrumb-arrow.png" alt=""/> Economic Growth <div class="clear"></div> </div> <h1 class="title"> Economic Growth </h1>  <script type="text/javascript"> function toggleOverview() { var thetxt = jQuery(".toggle").html(); if ("Read More" == thetxt) { thetxt = "Read Less"; pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'read more click'); } else { thetxt = "Read More"; } jQuery(".content-trimmed").toggle(); jQuery(".content-full").toggle(); jQuery(".toggle").html(thetxt); } </script> <table style="width:100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td id="section-content" valign="top">  <div id="featured"> <div class="content-trimmed"><p>Though growth is necessary for development, not all growth benefits the poor. CGD’s work on this topic includes exploring strategies to ensure that economic growth is “pro-poor” and that donor organizations and government agencies encourage broad-based, pro-poor growth.</p> </div> <div class="content-full" style="display:none"><p>Though growth is necessary for development, not all growth benefits the poor. CGD’s work on this topic includes exploring strategies to ensure that economic growth is “pro-poor” and that donor organizations and government agencies encourage broad-based, pro-poor growth.</p>  <p>Other work contributes to and supplements research on economic growth, including research on encouraging innovative <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/privateinvest">private investment</a>, expanding <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/capitalflows">access to financial services</a>, and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/inequality">reducing global inequality</a>.</p></div> <div><a style="float:right" class="more-link toggle" href="javascript:;" onclick="toggleOverview();pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'read more click');">Read More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div id="tabbed-navigation"> <div class="tabs"> <span class="tab newest active" rel="newest" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'newest');">Newest</span> <span class="tab popular" rel="popular" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'popular');">Popular</span> <span class="tab" rel="publications" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'publications');">Publications</span> <span class="tab" rel="experts" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'experts');">Experts</span> <span class="tab" rel="research" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'initiatives');">Initiatives</span>  <span class="tab" rel="multimedia" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'multimedia');">Multimedia</span> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="tab-box newest active"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425822_image_Devarajan_Direct_redistribution.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425822">Direct Redistribution, Taxation, and Accountability in Oil-Rich Economies: A Proposal - Working Paper 281</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 20, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>To enhance efficiency of public spending in oil-rich economies, this paper proposes that some of the oil revenues be transferred directly to citizens, and then taxed to finance public expenditures. The argument is that spending that is financed by taxation—rather than by resource revenues...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425809_image_Roodman_Due_Diligence_thumb.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425809">Due Diligence: An Impertinent Inquiry into Microfinance</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 13, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Readers of David Roodman's Microfinance Open Book Blog will immediately recognize his thorough, straightforward, and trenchant analysis of whether microfinance is the boon many think it is.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425755_image_Bazzi_Blattman_price_shocks.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425755">Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices - Working Paper 274</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 1, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>One of the most influential ideas in the study of political instability is that income shocks provoke conflict. “State prize” theories argue that higher revenues increase incentives to capture the state.“Opportunity cost” theories argue that higher prices decrease individual incen-tives to...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425646_image_Kenny_middle_class.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425646">Where Is the Virtue in the Middle Class?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 11, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>It is widely agreed that the middle class is vital to progress because of its many virtues, but defining middle class in any meaningful way is difficult. And survey evidence suggests the middle class is not culturally unique, particularly socially progressive, or entrepreneurial.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425475_image_zipped_file.png&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425475">Data Tools for “When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? The Case of the Millennium Villages”</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 22, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>This data set contains the Stata code needed to replicate the data analysis in “When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? The Case of the Millennium Villages” (CGD Working Paper 225)</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425286_image_Barder_House_of_Lords.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425286">Can Aid Work? Written Testimony Submitted to the House of Lords</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 13, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The main body of this short essay comprises written testimony that Owen Barder submitted to Britain’s House of Lords in response to a question about the effectiveness of foreign aid. In a brief introduction Barder draws upon his recent experience living in Ethiopia for three years to shed light...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425198">Globalization, Wages, and Working Conditions: A Case Study of Cambodian Garment Factories - Working Paper 257</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 13, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Using a comprehensive data set of working conditions and wage compliance in Cambodia’s exporting garment factories, the authors explore the impact of foreign ownership on wages and working conditions, whether the relationship between wages and working conditions more closely resembles efficiency...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425092_image_Birdsall_Lustig_McLeod_cover.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425092">Declining Inequality in Latin America: Some Economics, Some Politics - Working Paper 251</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 19, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>New research shows that inequality in Latin America is falling. In this paper, the authors summarize recent findings, analyze the affect of different regimes, and investigate the relationship between inequality and changes in the size of the middle class in the region. They conclude with some...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424922_image_Sumner_new_bottom_billion.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424922">The New Bottom Billion: What If Most of the World's Poor Live in Middle-Income Countries?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 18, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Most of the world’s poor no longer live in low-income countries. An estimated 960 million poor people—a new bottom billion—live in middle-income countries, a result of the graduation of several populous countries from low-income status. That is good news, but it has repercussions. Donors will...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424903_image_IDA_retirement.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424903">IDA at 65: Heading Toward Retirement or a Fragile Lease on Life? - Working Paper 246</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 10, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>By 2025, the number of IDA client countries will likely shrink substantially and primarily be smaller in size and overwhelmingly African. This working paper predicts how these changes will impact IDA's operational and financial models and recommends the World Bank begin addressing the implications...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <ul> </div> <div class="tab-box popular"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424378_image_EmergingAfricaCover_200.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424378">Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 16, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Since 1995, 17 African countries have defied expectations and have launched a remarkable, if little-noticed, turnaround. Emerging Africa describes this revitalization and why it is likely to continue.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424419_image_brief_emerging_africa.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424419">Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way (brief)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 9, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>In this essay Steven Radelet explains how since the mid 1990s seventeen Sub-Saharan African states have transcended the conflict and dictatorships of decades past to establish themselves as burgeoning world states. Approaching the discussion by delineating between cultural differences across the...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425646_image_Kenny_middle_class.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425646">Where Is the Virtue in the Middle Class?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 11, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>It is widely agreed that the middle class is vital to progress because of its many virtues, but defining middle class in any meaningful way is difficult. And survey evidence suggests the middle class is not culturally unique, particularly socially progressive, or entrepreneurial.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1420910">CGD Special Discussion with David Gergen on Obama's Global Development Policy (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 17, 2009</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425475_image_zipped_file.png&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425475">Data Tools for “When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? The Case of the Millennium Villages”</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 22, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>This data set contains the Stata code needed to replicate the data analysis in “When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? The Case of the Millennium Villages” (CGD Working Paper 225)</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425809_image_Roodman_Due_Diligence_thumb.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425809">Due Diligence: An Impertinent Inquiry into Microfinance</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 13, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Readers of David Roodman's Microfinance Open Book Blog will immediately recognize his thorough, straightforward, and trenchant analysis of whether microfinance is the boon many think it is.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425092_image_Birdsall_Lustig_McLeod_cover.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425092rt">Declining Inequality in Latin America: Some Economics, Some Politics - Working Paper 251</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 19, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>New research shows that inequality in Latin America is falling. In this paper, the authors summarize recent findings, analyze the affect of different regimes, and investigate the relationship between inequality and changes in the size of the middle class in the region. They conclude with some...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425755_image_Bazzi_Blattman_price_shocks.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425755">Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices - Working Paper 274</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 1, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>One of the most influential ideas in the study of political instability is that income shocks provoke conflict. “State prize” theories argue that higher revenues increase incentives to capture the state.“Opportunity cost” theories argue that higher prices decrease individual incen-tives to...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425286_image_Barder_House_of_Lords.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425286">Can Aid Work? Written Testimony Submitted to the House of Lords</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 13, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The main body of this short essay comprises written testimony that Owen Barder submitted to Britain’s House of Lords in response to a question about the effectiveness of foreign aid. In a brief introduction Barder draws upon his recent experience living in Ethiopia for three years to shed light...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424922_image_Sumner_new_bottom_billion.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424922">The New Bottom Billion: What If Most of the World's Poor Live in Middle-Income Countries?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 18, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Most of the world’s poor no longer live in low-income countries. An estimated 960 million poor people—a new bottom billion—live in middle-income countries, a result of the graduation of several populous countries from low-income status. That is good news, but it has repercussions. Donors will...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box experts"> <ul><ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425212_file_akee2.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1425212/">Randall Akee</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p>Randall Akee has been an Assistant Professor of Economics at Tufts University since September 2009. He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University in June 2006. Prior to his doctoral studies, Akee earned a Masters degree in International and Development Economics at Yale University. He also...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/14919_file_DSC_1662.JPG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/14919/">Dillon Alleyne</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p>Dillon Alleyne was a Visiting Fellow at CGD from September 2007 – September 2008 and currently lectures in Econometrics and Public Finance at the University of the West Indies, Mona in Jamaica where he gained his PhD in 1993. He began his academic career as a Research Fellow in the Institute of...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423733/">Pranab Bardhan</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Pranab Bardhan is a non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development, and has been a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley since 1977. Before joining the Berkeley faculty, Bardhan was a professor at MIT and the Delhi School of Economics. Bardhan was the Chief...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424430_file_bbaale.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1424430/">Edward Bbaale</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p>Edward Bbaale was a Visiting Fellow at CGD from September 2010 – September 2011, coming from the Faculty of Economics and Management, Makerere University in Kampala-Uganda. His research focused on child and maternal health issues including ante-natal care, child immunization, nutrition, and...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/483_file_birdsall170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483/">Nancy Birdsall</a>, President <div><p>An internationally recognized expert on the impact of rich-country policies on poor people in developing countries, Nancy Birdsall is the author, co-author, or editor of more than a dozen books and over 100 articles in scholarly journals and monographs, published in English and Spanish. She is the...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2570_file_mc_photo_aug_2010_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2570/">Michael Clemens</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>Michael Clemens is a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development where he leads the Migration and Development initiative. He also serves as CGD’s Research Manager, directing the Center’s engagement with the academic research community through peer-review for Center publications, research...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2693_file_cline_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2693/">William R. Cline</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>William R. Cline is a senior fellow jointly at the Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics and the Center for Global Development. His research focuses on finance, capital flows, trade and development; currently he is investigating the differential impact of global warming on...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423702_file_gelb_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423702/">Alan Gelb</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>Alan’s recent research includes aid and development outcomes, the transition from planned to market economies, and the special development challenges of resource-rich countries. He was previously director of development policy at the World Bank and chief economist for the Bank’s Africa region.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425450_file_jessica_goldberg.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1425450/">Jessica Goldberg</a>, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow <div><p>Jessica Goldberg is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Global Development and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Maryland.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2702/">Ricardo Hausmann</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Ricardo Hausmann is Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served as the first Chief Economist of the Inter-American Development Bank (1994-2000), where he created the Research Department.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/4609_file_herrling_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/4609/">Sheila Herrling</a>, Former Director of Rethinking U.S. Foreign Assistance <div><p>Sheila held several positions at CGD, serving first as director of communications and policy and more recently as a senior policy analyst and director of the Rethinking U.S. Foreign Assistance Program (formerly the MCA Monitor). Within her role as program director, Herrling evaluated U.S....</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2704/">Ethan Kapstein</a>, Visiting Fellow <div><p>Ethan Kapstein is a visiting fellow at CGD and Paul Dubrule Professor of Sustainable Development at INSEAD. Prior to this, Kapstein was Stassen Professor of International Peace at the Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs and Dept. of Political Science at the University of Minnesota (1996-2003). He...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2705_file_image_DeveshKapur.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2705/">Devesh Kapur</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Devesh Kapur is the Director of the Centre for Advanced Study of India, he holds the Madan Lal Sobti Professorship for the Study of Contemporary India, and he is an associate professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania. His research examines local-global linkages in political...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2706_file_kremer_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2706/">Michael Kremer</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Michael Kremer is the Gates Professor of Developing Societies in the department of economics at Harvard University, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, and non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development. Kremer’s recent research examines education and health in developing...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2707_file_lancaster_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2707/">Carol J. Lancaster</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Carol Lancaster is the dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Before joining the Georgetown faculty in 1996, Professor Lancaster served three years as Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424431_file_mallick.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1424431/">Hrushikesh Mallick</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p>Hrushikesh Mallick was a Visiting Fellow at CGD from September 2010 – September 2011, coming from the Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Trivandrum, India where he serves as Assistant Professor. After earning his doctoral degree he worked as a consultant in the Development Planning Centre...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2713_file_moss_web_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2713/">Todd Moss</a>, Vice President for Programs and Senior Fellow <div><p>Todd Moss works on U.S.-Africa relations and financial issues facing sub-Saharan Africa, including policies that affect private capital flows, natural resource management, debt, and aid. Todd oversees the Center’s fundraising efforts and relations with external partners.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2716_file_pritchett_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2716/">Lant Pritchett</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Lant Pritchett is professor of the Practice of International Development and faculty chair of the Masters in Public Policy in International Development program at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. Prior to returning the Kennedy School, he was lead socio-economist in the social development...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2680_file_SteveRadelettb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2680/">Steve Radelet</a>, Former Senior Fellow <div><p>Steve Radelet works on issues related to foreign aid, developing country debt, economic growth, and trade between rich and poor countries. He also leads CGD's Modernizing U.S. Foreign Assistance and MCA Monitor initiatives. </p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423732_file_image_paul_romer.JPG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423732/">Paul Romer</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Non-resident fellow Paul Romer is one of the leading growth economists of our time. A senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, he has taught at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, UC–Berkeley, the University of Chicago, and the University of Rochester. His...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2719_file_roodman_web_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2719/">David Roodman</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>David Roodman has been architect and project manager of the Commitment to Development Index since the project's inception in 2002. His book on microfinance is in press.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1420956_file_simon_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1420956/">John Simon</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p>John Simon served on the U.S. National Security Council as special assistant to President George W. Bush and senior director for relief, stabilization, and development. This week, on the Global Prosperity Wonkcast, he expands on his recent article, "Six Important Lessons for Disaster Relief," and...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2720_file_peterTimmertb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2720/">Peter Timmer</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Peter Timmer is a leading authority on agriculture and rural development. He has served as a professor at Stanford and Cornell, on three faculties at Harvard, and at the University of California–San Diego, where he was also the dean of the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2721_file_walle_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2721/">Nicolas van de Walle</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Nicolas van de Walle is a Professor in the Department of Government at Cornell and a nonresident Fellow at the Center for Global Development. He is the author of Overcoming Stagnation in Aid-Dependent Countries.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul></ul> </div> <div class="tab-box publications"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425822_image_Devarajan_Direct_redistribution.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425822/">Direct Redistribution, Taxation, and Accountability in Oil-Rich Economies: A Proposal - Working Paper 281</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 20, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> To enhance efficiency of public spending in oil-rich economies, this paper proposes that some of the oil revenues be transferred directly to citizens, and then taxed to finance public expenditures. The argument is that spending that is financed by taxation—rather than by resource revenues... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425809_image_Roodman_Due_Diligence_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425809/">Due Diligence: An Impertinent Inquiry into Microfinance</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 13, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Readers of David Roodman's Microfinance Open Book Blog will immediately recognize his thorough, straightforward, and trenchant analysis of whether microfinance is the boon many think it is. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425755_image_Bazzi_Blattman_price_shocks.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425755/">Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices - Working Paper 274</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 1, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> One of the most influential ideas in the study of political instability is that income shocks provoke conflict. “State prize” theories argue that higher revenues increase incentives to capture the state.“Opportunity cost” theories argue that higher prices decrease individual incen-tives to... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425646_image_Kenny_middle_class.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425646/">Where Is the Virtue in the Middle Class?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 11, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> It is widely agreed that the middle class is vital to progress because of its many virtues, but defining middle class in any meaningful way is difficult. And survey evidence suggests the middle class is not culturally unique, particularly socially progressive, or entrepreneurial. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425475_image_zipped_file.png&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425475/">Data Tools for “When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? The Case of the Millennium Villages”</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 22, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This data set contains the Stata code needed to replicate the data analysis in “When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? The Case of the Millennium Villages” (CGD Working Paper 225) </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425286_image_Barder_House_of_Lords.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425286/">Can Aid Work? Written Testimony Submitted to the House of Lords</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 13, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The main body of this short essay comprises written testimony that Owen Barder submitted to Britain’s House of Lords in response to a question about the effectiveness of foreign aid. In a brief introduction Barder draws upon his recent experience living in Ethiopia for three years to shed light... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425198/">Globalization, Wages, and Working Conditions: A Case Study of Cambodian Garment Factories - Working Paper 257</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 13, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Using a comprehensive data set of working conditions and wage compliance in Cambodia’s exporting garment factories, the authors explore the impact of foreign ownership on wages and working conditions, whether the relationship between wages and working conditions more closely resembles efficiency... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425092_image_Birdsall_Lustig_McLeod_cover.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425092/">Declining Inequality in Latin America: Some Economics, Some Politics - Working Paper 251</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 19, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> New research shows that inequality in Latin America is falling. In this paper, the authors summarize recent findings, analyze the affect of different regimes, and investigate the relationship between inequality and changes in the size of the middle class in the region. They conclude with some... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424922_image_Sumner_new_bottom_billion.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424922/">The New Bottom Billion: What If Most of the World's Poor Live in Middle-Income Countries?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 18, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Most of the world’s poor no longer live in low-income countries. An estimated 960 million poor people—a new bottom billion—live in middle-income countries, a result of the graduation of several populous countries from low-income status. That is good news, but it has repercussions. Donors will... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424903_image_IDA_retirement.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424903/">IDA at 65: Heading Toward Retirement or a Fragile Lease on Life? - Working Paper 246</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 10, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> By 2025, the number of IDA client countries will likely shrink substantially and primarily be smaller in size and overwhelmingly African. This working paper predicts how these changes will impact IDA's operational and financial models and recommends the World Bank begin addressing the implications... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424879_image_Rajan_cover.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424879/">Failed States, Vicious Cycles, and a Proposal - Working Paper 243</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 2, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Failed states often suffer the repeated return to power of former warlords who weaken institutions and make people poorer. In this working paper, Rajan argues that the only way to break the cycle of dictators is to empower the citizenry through economic growth. In the case of failed states, he... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424748/">Advanced Economies Pose Three Financial Risks to Developing Countries in 2011</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 18, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Debt crises in Europe, sluggish growth in the United States, and an overvalued Chinese currency could all spell trouble for developing countries. CGD senior fellow Liliana Rojas-Suarez unpacks three big financial-sector risks for 2011. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424714_image_Moss_oil_cover.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424714/">Oil to Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers - Working Paper 237</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 4, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Todd Moss proposes that countries seeking to manage new natural resource wealth should consider distributing income directly to citizens as cash transfers. Beyond serving as a powerful and proven policy intervention, cash transfers may also mitigate the corrosive effect natural resource revenue... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424593_image_More_than_Money.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424593/">More than Money: Impact Investing for Development</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 6, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this report John Simon and Julia Barmier assess past and current efforts to indicate whether direct development investment is worth promoting as a matter of public policy. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424480_image_Elliott_ROOs_cover.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424480/">Changing Rules of Origin to Improve Market Access for Least Developed Countries</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 1, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this note, CGD fellow Kimberly Ann Elliott discusses how flexible rules of origin can improve trade for the least developed countries. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424474_image_Elliott_AGOA_cover.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424474/">Reviving AGOA</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 29, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this brief Kimberly Ann Elliott discusses the two main priorities the Obama administration should focus on in order to revive the AGOA program and expand its benefits. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424441_image_heller_cover.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424441/">People and Places: Can They Align to Bring Growth to Africa?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 22, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This essay explores how demographic factors affect infrastructure and the choices policymakers should make concerning infrastructure development. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424378_image_EmergingAfricaCover_200.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424378/">Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 16, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Since 1995, 17 African countries have defied expectations and have launched a remarkable, if little-noticed, turnaround. Emerging Africa describes this revitalization and why it is likely to continue. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424419_image_brief_emerging_africa.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424419/">Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way (brief)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 9, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this essay Steven Radelet explains how since the mid 1990s seventeen Sub-Saharan African states have transcended the conflict and dictatorships of decades past to establish themselves as burgeoning world states. Approaching the discussion by delineating between cultural differences across the... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424377_image_Leo_MDG_cover_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424377/">Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index - Working Paper 222</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 23, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424356_image_Gelb_Grasmann_cover_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424356/">How Should Oil Exporters Spend Their Rents? - Working Paper 221</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 10, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper argues for approaches that increase public understanding of the need for prudent spending of oil revenues in booms, and for comprehensive consideration of a range of options for using rents. Drawing on the experience of a few successful countries, it points to a number of common factors... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424338_image_Econ_Dev_Econometric_Impact_Eval.JPG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424338/">Economic Development and Econometric Impact Evaluation, Tufts University (Syllabus)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 6, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The course will introduce students to a variety of econometric techniques in impact evaluation and a set of analytical skills that will assist them in becoming both consumers and producers of applied empirical research in development. Students will not only learn how to critically analyze... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424333/">Where Are the BITs? How U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaties with Africa Can Promote Development</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 4, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper focuses on the role that bilateral investment treaties (BITs) can play in promoting development in sub-Saharan Africa. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424343_image_policy_and_administration_in_developing_countries.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424343/">Policy and Administration in Developing Countries, Syracuse University (Syllabus)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 29, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This course concerns the alleviation of poverty in poor countries. Its aim is to facilitate your understanding of the dimensions of poverty, its causes, and what you as a practitioner can do to help in its mitigation. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424303_image_how_to_improve_CDI_thumbnail.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424303/">Twenty Concrete Steps to Improve the United States’ Commitment to Development</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 19, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The United States ranked 17th in the 2009 Commitment to Development Index with strengths in trade and security but weaknesses in aid and environment. This CGD Note describes how the United States could boost its score. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424248_image_Leo_IDA_cover_thumbnail.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424248/">Inside the World Bank's Black Box Allocation System: How Well Does IDA Allocate Resources to the Neediest and Most Vulnerable Countries? - Working Paper 216</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 24, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> As the International Development Association (IDA) pushes for more funding for the neediest and most vulnerable countries, visiting fellow Ben Leo examines whether IDA’s existing performance-based allocation system (PBA) gives the developing world its fair share of funds. He says the system... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424247_image_wheeler_tailor_essay_thumbnail_50_px.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424247/">Tailored Aid for a Tailored Age?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 24, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this short essay, senior fellow David Wheeler compares the world’s foreign assistance architecture to how the rest of the world operates in the digital age. He suggests that multilateral and bilateral transactions from one behemoth to another may be stuck in the past now that technology can... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424155_image_washington_consensus.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424155/">The Washington Consensus: Assessing a Damaged Brand - Working Paper 213</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 4, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Nancy Birdsall, Augusto de la Torre, and Felipe Valencia Caicedo analyze the Washington Consensus, from its early beginnings to failure as a reform agenda. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424346_image_microeconomics_of_development.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424346/">Microeconomics of Development, Tufts University (Syllabus)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 4, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The goal of this course is to better understand the microeconomic foundations of development issues in poor countries, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The course will first focus on microeconomic theory as a framework for analyzing households’ and policymakers’ behavior. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424342_image_economics_of_developing_countries.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424342/">Economics of Developing Countries, Yale University (Syllabus)</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 31, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This course is an analysis of poverty in developing countries, with an emphasis on the role of economic theory in understanding market failures, and on evaluation of public, social and business policies intended to solve market failures. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424051_image_the_political_economy_of_development.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424051/">The Political Economy of Development, Cornell University (Syllabus)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 14, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This class will survey both the major policy issues in the developing world today and the political economy literature. The class seeks to inform students of the historical and contemporary dynamics of economic development, with a focus on political issues. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424016_image_making_trade_preferences_work_brief.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424016/">Making Trade Preferences Work for the Poorest Countries (brief)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 1, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This brief summarizes the findings of the CGD Global Trade Preference Reform Working Group and its recommendations to make preference programs better promote prosperity and stability in the world's poorest countries. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423994_image_the_indispensable_middle_class.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423994/">The (Indispensable) Middle Class in Developing Countries; or, The Rich and the Rest, Not the Poor and the Rest - Working Paper 207</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 26, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Nancy Birdsall argues that the concept of inclusive growth should go beyond the traditional emphasis on the poor (and the rest) and take into account changes in the size and economic command of the group conventionally defined as neither poor nor rich, that is, the middle class. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423973/">Rebuilding Haiti's Competitiveness and Private Sector - Congressional Testimony</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 18, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Nancy Birdsall testifies before the House Financial Services Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade on rebuilding Haiti's competitiveness and private sector. March 16, 2010. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423916/">Technologies, Rules, and Progress: The Case for Charter Cities</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 3, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Paul Romer argues that the principal constraint to raising living standards in this century will come neither from scarce resources nor limited technologies; rather, it will come from our limited capacity to discover and implement new rules. He suggests a new type of development policy: chartering... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423582/">Precautionary Resources and Long-Term Development Finance: The Financial Role of the Bretton Woods Institutions after the Crisis</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 14, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Kemal Derviş delivers the Fourth Annual Richard H. Sabot Lecture on June 11, 2009. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423404.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423404/">Aid, Dutch Disease, and Manufacturing Growth - Working Paper 196</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 18, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Decades of research have been unable to conclusively show either a positive or negative effect of aid on economic growth in poor countries. CGD senior fellow Arvind Subramanian and Raghuram G. Rajan use a new technique in their latest working paper that suggests aid slows the manufacturing sector... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423224.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423224/">Is Newer Better? Penn World Table Revisions and Their Impact on Growth Estimates - Working Paper 191</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 16, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this working paper, the authors shed light on systemic problems of variability and valuation in the Penn World Table GDP estimates that distort cross-country comparisons of the data. They propose creating a new chained series that values all data at PPP prices and makes better use of... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422981.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422981/">Saving Ghana from Its Oil: The Case for Direct Cash Distribution - Working Paper 186</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 19, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> CGD vice president and senior fellow Todd Moss and reasearch assistant Lauren Young propose direct cash distribution of Ghana's oil profits to help the country avoid the natural resource curse. One positive effect of the plan would be to strenghten democratic pressure on the government to be good... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422848.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422848/">Growing Pains in Latin America (brief)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 25, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> What policies could help Latin America achieve accelerated, sustained growth that reduces poverty and inequality? CGD senior fellow Liliana Rojas-Suarez describes the framework for growth outlined in the book Growing Pains in Latin America and its practical policy recommendations. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422779.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422779/">Growing Pains in Latin America: An Economic Growth Framework as Applied to Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 17, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Growing Pains in Latin America lays out and applies a new approach to delivering sustainable, inclusive economic growth to the region. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422072/">How the Economic Crisis Is Hurting Africa--And What to Do About It</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 8, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Senior fellow Todd Moss investigates how the aftershocks of the global economic downturn are affecting Africa. African countries that take the right steps to mitigate the pain will be poised to benefit from the eventual recovery; those that don't will be left behind. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/16560_image_hp_potus_cover_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16560/">The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 22, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424345_image_international_economic_development_policy.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424345/">International Economic Development Policy, Georgetown University (Syllabus)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 9, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This course surveys the literature on the key determinants of economic development. We start by considering some of the factors that drive economic growth, poverty and inequality. The course then moves on to other key topics in international development including international trade,... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16421/">The Structural Transformation as a Pathway out of Poverty: Analytics, Empirics and Politics - Working Paper 150</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 23, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Successful poverty reduction hinges on successful structural transformation, but poor countries must cope with political pressures resulting from deteriorating income distribution and simultaneously retain the policies that generate rapid economic growth. Based on historical and statistical... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16239/">Integration in the Americas: One Idea for Plan B (Essay)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 16, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this CGD Essay, visiting fellow Nancy Lee provides the full details and policy recommendations for a strategy of regional investment integration in the Americas. The essay, excerpted from her chapter in the forthcoming White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S.... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15416/">The Good News Out of Africa: Democracy, Stability, and the Renewal of Growth and Development</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 19, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, who will host President Bush on Thursday in the final stop of his five-country Africa tour, has news that may surprise some people: despite the problems in some African countries, things are clearly improving in much of the continent. In a new CGD essay... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15192/">Fair Growth: Economic Policies for Latin America's Poor and Middle-Income Majority</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 17, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In an increasingly globalized world, inequality is an issue of rising concern, especially in Latin America, home to many of the world's most unequal societies. This new book, co-published by the Center for Global Development and the Inter-American Dialogue, describes the links between recent growth... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14914/">Round Five Of The MCA: Which Countries Are Most Likely To Be Selected For FY2008?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 26, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> On December 12, the Millennium Challenge Corp. (MCC) Board will choose which countries are eligible for FY2008 funding in what may be the toughest selection round to date. With funding tight, new countries passing the performance test, half of the countries with signed compacts failing, and an MCC... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14912/">Reviving Economic Growth in Liberia - Working Paper 133</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 26, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this new CGD working paper, CGD senior fellow Steve Radelet explores the challenges Liberia faces in revitalizing economic growth after 25 years of gross economic mismanagement and 14 years of brutal civil war. He examines the new government's progress, including the major steps it has taken in... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14696/">Reflections on the Macro Foundations of the Middle Class in the Developing World - Working Paper 130</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 24, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Shared growth—growth that helps to build a middle class—is now widely embraced as a central economic goal for developing countries. In this new working paper CGD president Nancy Birdsall reviews how macroeconomic policies shape incentives for inclusive growth, focusing on fiscal... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14379/">Helping the Bottom Billion: Is There a Third Way in the Development Debate?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 10, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Paul Collier's new book, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It, argues that many developing countries are doing just fine and that the real development challenge is the 58 countries that are economically stagnant and caught in one or more "traps":... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14314/">We Fall Down and Get Up: Carol Lancaster Reports on Elections in Sierra Leone</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 27, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Sierra Leone, where a brutal decade-long civil war finally ended in 2002, has just held remarkably fair, peaceful and well-organized elections. CGD visiting fellow Carol Lancaster, a former deputy administrator of USAID, was there as an election observer. In a new CGD Essay, she reflects on what... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14256/">A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments - Working Paper 125</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 13, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> *REVISED Version May 2008In development economics, statistical analysis usually begins with data from many observational units--households, companies, or countries--over just a few time periods. Two analysis techniques are becoming popular for studying causal relationships among variables in this... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13932/">The Provision of Banking Services in Latin America: Obstacles and Recommendations - Working Paper 124</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 25, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Access to financial services -- ranging from credit to the use of electronic means of payment -- is crucial for growth and poverty reduction. This new working paper by CGD senior fellow Liliana Rojas-Suarez tells why access to financial services is low in Latin America and suggests innovative... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13505/">Income Distribution: Effects on Growth and Development - Working Paper 118</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 16, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this new working paper, CGD president Nancy Birdsall reviews a large body of work, primarily of economists, that shows that high levels of inequality in developing countries are likely to inhibit growth. She argues that high income inequality can discourage the evolution of the economic and... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13115/">Do No Harm: Aid, Weak Institutions, and the Missing Middle in Africa - Working Paper 113</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 8, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Does aid to Africa undermine the emergence of a robust African middle class? If so, what can be done about it? In this new working paper, CGD president Nancy Birdsall argues that high and unpredictable aid flows could be making life harder for Africa's small and medium-sized businesses by, for... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13030/">African Development: Making Sense of the Issues and Actors</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 5, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Bill Easterly calls Moss' new introduction to Africa "compulsively readable and accessible" and "a masterpiece of clear thinking." Each chapter is organized around three fundamental questions: Where are we now? How did we get to this point? What are the current debates? CGD's package of materials... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12773/">Why Doesn't Africa Get More Equity Investment? Frontier Stock Markets, Firm Size and Asset Allocations of Global Emerging Market Funds <br>- Working Paper 112</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 20, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Africa receives only a tiny fraction of global investments in emerging markets. But the problem is not that fund managers are scared away by a seemingly steady stream of bad news out of Africa, nor is a general marketing of Africa to global investors the solution. Instead the authors of this new... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12327/">Group Versus Individual Liability: A Field Experiment in the Philippines - Working Paper 111, updated May 2009</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 29, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Group liability--wherein individuals are both borrowers and guarantors of other client's loans--is often described as the key innovation that led to the explosion of microcredit. It is thought to create incentives for peers to screen, monitor and enforce each other's loans. But some argue that... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12328/">Credit Elasticities in Less-Developed Economies: Implications for Microcredit - Working Paper 110</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 29, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Policymakers often urge microfinance institutions to increase interest rates to eliminate reliance on subsidies. This makes sense if the poor will borrow regardless of interest rates: then micro lenders increase profitability without reducing the poor's access to credit. But there is little... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12329/">Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Report - Working Paper 109</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 29, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Information asymmetries--which occur when one party to a transaction has more or better information than the other party--can cause inefficiency, over-investment, or poverty traps. Unfortunately, they are difficult to identify in practice. In this working paper, CGD non-resident fellow Dean... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12330/">Expanding Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions to Estimate the Impacts - Working Paper 108</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 29, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Microfinance is generally credited with helping to alleviate poverty and improve the lives of the poor. But as microfinance institutions move beyond entrepreneurial credit to offering consumer loans, many practitioners and policymakers are skeptical about "unproductive" lending. In this working... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12331/">Teaching Entrepreneurship: Impact of Business Training on Microfinance Clients and Institutions - Working Paper 107, updated May 2009</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 29, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Can one teach basic entrepreneurship skills? A growing number of microfinance organizations are trying, in the hopes of improving the livelihood of their clients and to further their mission of poverty alleviation. In this working paper, CGD non-resident fellow Dean Karlan and his co-author... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12332/">Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines - Working Paper 106</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 29, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Microfinance is often viewed as a tool for empowering women. However, it is not clear that increasing a woman's share of household income also improves her status within the household. In this working paper, CGD non-resident fellow Dean Karlan and his co-authors examine whether access to... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12095/">Why Are There So Few Black-Owned Firms in Africa? Preliminary Results from Enterprise Survey Data - Working Paper 104</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 16, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Countries cannot grow without a vibrant domestic private sector, yet most growth in sub-Saharan Africa in the past decade has come from extractive industries, not private, entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, non-extractive activity in the private sector is often dominated by firms owned by... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/12044_image_Morancov22.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12044/">Harnessing Foreign Direct Investment: Policies for Developed and Developing Countries</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 12, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Does foreign direct investment (FDI) channel capital and know-how to developing countries? Or does it bring corruption and abuse of labor standards? Harnessing Foreign Direct Investment shows that FDI's contribution to development can be extremely powerful but that some forms of FDI, especially... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/10742/">Microfinance as Business - Working Paper 101<br>(Revised November 2006)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 13, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Microfinance is a widely celebrated strategy for helping poor people in the developing world. Leading microfinance institutions, including the Nobel Peace Prize-winning Grameen Bank, reach millions of clients. CGD research fellow David Roodman and Uzma Qureshi analyze why some microfinance... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/9663/">The Investment Climate Facility for Africa: Does it Deserve U.S. Support?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 21, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The Investment Climate Facility (ICF) for Africa was launched in June to help Africa tackle problems that hinder domestic and foreign investment. It aims to raise $550 million for promotion of property rights and financial markets, anti-corruption efforts, and reform of regulations, taxation, and... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/8953/">Development, Democracy, and Mass Killings - Working Paper 93</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 31, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Do development and democracy lead to fewer massacres? By one estimate governments killed more than 170 million civilians in the 20th century – more than twice the number of soldiers killed in the century’s many wars. A new working paper co-authored by CGD non-resident fellow William Easterly... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/8846/">A Primer on Foreign Aid - Working Paper 92</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 24, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Controversies about aid effectiveness go back decades. This new working paper by CGD senior fellow Steven Radelet provides an introduction and overview of the basic concepts, data and key debates about foreign aid. It explores the range of views on the relationship between foreign aid and economic... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/8709/">A Policymakers' Guide to Dutch Disease - Working Paper 91</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 11, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> It is sometimes claimed that big surges in aid might cause Dutch Disease--an appreciation of the real exchange rate which can slow the growth of a country's exports--and that aid increases might thereby harm a country's long-term growth prospects. In this new working paper CGD senior program... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423130/">Harnessing the Development Potential of Emerging Market Reserves</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 1, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Lawrence Summers delivers the Second Annual Richard H. Sabot Lecture, June 13, 2006. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/6928/">Privatization: A Summary Assessment - Working Paper 87</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 27, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this new CGD working paper John Nellis takes stock of fifteen years of privatization in developing and post-communist countries. He finds that a surprisingly large amount of assets remain in state hands. And while technical assessments of the impact of privatization are often positive, public... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/6583/">The Economics of Young Democracies: Policies and Performance--Working Paper 85</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 8, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this new working paper, CGD visiting fellow Ethan Kapstein and Nathan Converse analyze the economic performance of young democracies around the world and find that stagnating economic performance is a good indicator of imminent democratic reversal. The authors also find evidence suggesting that... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/6284/">Stormy Days on an Open Field: Asymmetries in the Global Economy<br> - Working Paper 81</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 16, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Does openness in trade and the free flow of capital promote growth for the poor? In this new working paper, CGD president Nancy Birdsall describes asymmetries in globalization and their implications for poverty reduction. She argues that poor countries lack effective social contracts, progressive... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/6238/">How Countries Get Rich</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 13, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Ever since Adam Smith, economists have debated what conditions are required for nations to become wealthy. In a new CGD brief, senior fellow Peter Timmer argues that the "Smithian conditions" – low taxes, good government, and peace – are necessary but far from sufficient. He shows how... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/5300/">The Day After Comrade Bob: <br>Applying Post-Conflict Reconstruction Lessons to Zimbabwe<br>-Working Paper 72</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 8, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Zimbabwe is in a state of virtual economic collapse. It faces grave public health concerns and even basic services have stalled. This Working Paper by Todd Moss and Stewart Patrick urges the international community to begin planning now for the narrow window of opportunity a post-Mugabe transition... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3940/">What's Wrong with the Millennium Development Goals?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 12, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Many poor countries, especially in Africa, will miss the MDGs by a large margin. But neither African inaction nor a lack of aid will necessarily be the reason. Instead, responsibility for near-certain ‘failure’ lies with the overly-ambitious goals themselves and unrealistic expectations placed... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/3486_image_2015.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3486/">Reliving the '50s: The Big Push, Poverty Traps, and Takeoffs <br>in Economic Development - Working Paper 65</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 16, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Bill Easterly challenges a central rationale of the push for the 2015 Millennium Development Goals: the idea that poverty can be overcome with a big push in foreign aid and investment. Instead, change must come from the bottom up, he says. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2986_image_Asia_farm_with_yoke.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2986/">Agriculture and Pro-Poor Growth: An Asian Perspective <br>- Working Paper 63</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 21, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> After two decades of neglect, interest in agriculture is on the rise. This new working paper by one of the leading thinkers in rural development argues that the reach and efficiency of rural infrastructure, coupled with effective investment in agricultural research and extension, hold the key to... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2918/">Costs and Causes of Zimbabwe's Crisis</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 20, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Zimbabwe has experienced a precipitous collapse in its economy over the past five years. The government blames its economic problems on external forces and drought. We assess these claims, but find that the economic crisis has cost the government far more in key budget resources than has the donor... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2728/">Ten Myths of the International Finance Facility -<br> Working Paper 60</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 24, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The British proposal to create an International Finance Facility in order to 'frontload' $50 billion in aid per year until 2015 has generated a lot of attention and will likely be a major topic at the G8 meeting this July. But the IFF has also been shrouded in confusion and misconceptions. This... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2729/">Financial Regulations in Developing Countries: Can they Effectively Limit the Impact of Capital Account Volatility? - Working Paper 59</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 20, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> After more than a decade of financial sector liberalization, both of domestic markets and of international financial transactions (capital account liberalization), policymakers in many developing countries remain concerned about the effects that large and highly volatile capital flows have on their... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2644_image_fdi3810.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2644/">Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 9, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?, gathers together the cutting edge of new research on FDI and host country economic performance and presents the most sophisticated critiques of current and past inquiries. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2791/">Connecting the Poor to Economic Growth: Eight Key Questions</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 26, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> It has long been understood that economic growth is the essential foundation for poverty reduction. The key to income growth is the expansion of jobs that pay sustainable remunerative wages, and the two keys areas of production in this vein have almost always been agriculture and labor-intensive... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2794/">Big Sugar and the Political Economy of US Agricultural Policy</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 1, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Sugar is a prototypical case of a policy that favors the few at the expense of the many. Thanks to a government policy that supports prices by sharply restricting imports, a small number of American sugar cane and beet growers are enriched at the expense of US consumers and of more efficient... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3097/">Gold for Debt: What's New and What Next?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 1, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This new CGD Note by Center for Global Development President Nancy Birdsall and Institute for International Economics Senior Fellow John Williamson argues that sale of a portion of IMF gold makes sense as a way to create a more transparent institution and use a global resource for debt relief for... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3230/">Overcoming Stagnation in Aid-Dependent Countries - Brief</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 23, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Traditional economic theory predicts that capital mobility and international trade will push the world's national economies to one income level. As poorer nations race ahead, richer ones should slow down. Eventually, theory says, national economies would reach equilibrium. The reality of the last... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2795/">Double Standards on IDA and Debt: The Case for Reclassifying Nigeria</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 1, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Although nearly all poor countries are classified by the World Bank as IDA-only, Nigeria stands out as a notable exception. Indeed, Africa’s most populous country is the poorest country in the world that is not classified as IDA-only. Under the World Bank’s own criteria, however, Nigeria has a... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2808_image_bettglobshad.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2808/">A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 1, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform by Kemal Dervis is a reformist manifesto that argues that gradual institutional change can produce beneficial results if it is driven by an ambitious long-term vision and by a determination to continually widen the limits of the possible. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2732/">Business Environment and Comparative Advantage in Africa: Evidence from the Investment Climate Data - Working Paper 56</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 18, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper ties together the macroeconomic and microeconomic evidence on the competitiveness of African manufacturing sectors. The conceptual framework is based on the newer theories that see the evolution of comparative advantage as influenced by the business climate—a key public good—and by... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2735/">From Pushing Reforms to Pulling Reforms: The Role of Challenge Programs in Foreign Aid Policy - Working Paper Number 53</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 5, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper considers what role pull instruments or challenge programs (such as the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Support Credits or the United States' Millennium Challenge Account) could play within the overall framework of foreign aid, asking how they could be designed to function as effective... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2834/">A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform (Brief)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 1, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This brief summarizes five key recommendations from the CGD book A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform by Kemal Dervis. It presses for reform on a broad front with a renewed, more legitimate, and more effective United Nations as the overarching framework for global governance... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2740/">Food Security in Indonesia: Current Challenges and the Long-Run Outlook - Working Paper Number 48</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 12, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper reviews research on the impact of rice prices on the poor, on real wages in rural and urban areas, and on the broader macroeconomic consequences for investments in labor-intensive manufacturing. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2742/">Agricultural Protection in Rich Countries: How Did We Get Here? - Working Paper Number 47</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 6, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Is there any reason to think trade negotiations are more likely now than in the past to encourage substantial reform of rich countries’ farm policies? This paper looks at the evolution of and current approaches to agricultural policies in rich countries to see if there are lessons from the past... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2876_image_cover_Financing_Development.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2876/">Financing Development: The Power of Regionalism</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 1, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The historic 2002 United Nations Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico, overlooked a crucial question: regionalism. Financing Development: The Power of Regionalism is designed to correct this omission. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2744/">Counting Chickens When They Hatch: Timing and the Effects of Aid on Growth - Working Paper 44</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 22, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Recent research offers differing assessments of the overall, worldwide effect of foreign aid on economic growth in the countries that receive aid. To understand these differences, we re-analyze the same data and same regressions used in the three most influential aid-growth studies. In all three,... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12016/">Anarchy of Numbers data set</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 1, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> CGD working paper 32, "The Anarchy of Numbers: Aid, Development, and Cross-country Empirics" submits seven aid-growth studies to robustness testing and finds that most are fragile. The data used in the paper are in Excel (data set) and Stata formats (4-year and 5-year aggregates). Full results... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2747/">An Index of Donor Performance - Working Paper 42</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 22, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The Commitment to Development Index of the Center for Global Development rates 21 rich countries on the “development-friendliness” of their policies. It is revised and updated annually. In the 2004 edition, the component on foreign assistance combines quantitative and qualitative measures of... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2748/">Is Africa’s Skepticism of Foreign Capital Justified? Evidence from East African Firm Survey Data - Working Paper 41</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 10, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The world has increasingly recognized that private capital has a vital role to play in economic development. African countries have moved to liberalize the investment environment, yet have not received much FDI. At least part of this poor performance is because of lingering skepticism toward... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2908_image_tradepolicy_small.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2908/">Trade Policy and Global Poverty</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 1, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Trade Policy and Global Poverty by William Cline examines how changes in trade policies in the United States and other industrial countries could help reduce poverty in developing countries. Cline first reviews the extent of global poverty and its relationship to trade and growth. He then examines... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2753/">The Road to Pro-Poor Growth: The Indonesian Experience in Regional Perspective - Working Paper 38</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 5, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> "Pro-poor growth" is the new mantra of the development community. This exploratory essay, commissioned by the Indonesia Project at Australian National University (ANU), places this new interest in pro-poor growth in regional perspective and then attempts to draw historical and policy lessons for... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2755/">Boom Towns and Ghost Countries: Geography, Agglomeration, and Population Mobility - Working Paper 36</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 18, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Ghost towns dot the West of the United States. These cities boomed for a period and then, for various reasons, fell into a process of decline and have shrunk to a small fraction of their former population. Are there ghost countries—countries that, if there were population mobility, would only... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2757/">Once More into the Breach: Economic Growth and Integration - Working Paper 34</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper re-examines the evidence linking poor growth during the era of import substituting industialization with trade restrictions. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2856/">Trading Up: Trade Policy and Global Poverty</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This policy brief is a preview of the analysis and recommendations in Trade Policy and Global Poverty, by William R. Cline. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2913_image_social_cover.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2913/">From Social Assistance to Social Development: Targeted Education Subsidies in Developing Countries</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The book compiles a vast amount of unpublished and published material on existing CTE programs and their impact on poverty. Groundbreaking case studies and detailed evaluations of programs in Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Chile add up to an unusual and surprising success... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2745/">The Anarchy of Numbers: Aid, Development, and Cross-country Empirics - Working Paper 32</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 15, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> *REVISED Version May 2007Recent literature contains many stories of how foreign aid affects economic growth: aid raises growth in countries with good policies, or in countries with difficult economic environments, or mainly outside the tropics, or on average with diminishing returns. The diversity... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2857/">Trading Up: Strengthening AGOA’s Development Potential</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This brief assesses the impact of AGOA to date and recommends measures to improve its development potential. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2763/">National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal - Working Paper 27</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> National economic policies' effects on growth were over-emphasized in the early literature on endogenous economic growth. Most of the early theoretical models of the new growth literature (and even their new neoclassical counterparts) predicted large policy effects, which was followed by empirical... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2858/">From Promise to Performance: How Rich Countries Can Help Poor Countries Help Themselves</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> At the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000 the nations of the world committed to join forces to meet a set of measurable targets for reducing world poverty, disease, illiteracy and other indicators of human misery—all by the year 2015. These targets, later named the Millennium Development... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11941/">Aid, Policies, and Growth data set</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 27, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> CGD working paper 26, "New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting "Aid, Policies, and Growth" by CGD non-resident fellow William Easterly, research fellow David Roodman, and Ross Levine (also published as "Aid, Policies, and Growth: Comment" in the American Economic Review, June 2004), concludes that the... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2764/">New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting "Aid, Policies, and Growth" - Working Paper 26</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 27, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The Burnside and Dollar (2000) finding that aid raises growth in a good policy environment has had an important influence on policy and academic debates. We conduct a data gathering exercise that updates their data from 1970-93 to 1970-97, as well as filling in missing data for the original period... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2766/">Bootstraps not Band-Aids: Poverty, Equity and Social Policy in Latin America - Working Paper 24</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 24, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> After a decade of economic reforms that dramatically altered the structure of economies in Latin America, making them more open and more competitive, and a decade of substantial increases in public spending on education, health and other social programs in virtually all countries, poverty and high... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2767/">The Millennium Challenge Account: How Much is Too Much, How Long is Long Enough? - Working Paper 23</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 23, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The US government's proposed $5 billion Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) could provide upwards of $250-$300m or more per year per country in new development assistance to a small number of poor countries judged to have relatively "good" policies and institutions. Could this assistance be too much... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2769/">From Social Policy to an Open-Economy <br>Social Contract in Latin America - Working Paper 21</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 21, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> I suggest in this paper the logic of going beyond the standard, poverty-targeted, elements of good social policy to a modern social contract adapted to the demands and the constraints of an open economy. Such a contract would be explicitly based on broad job-based growth. Second, it would be... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2777/">An Index of Industrial Country Trade Policy Toward Developing Countries - Working Paper 14</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 25, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This study develops an index of trade policy designed to synthesize the state of developing country access to import markets in each of the major industrial country areas. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2775/">Asymmetric Globalization: Global Markets Require Good Global Politics - Working Paper 12</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 18, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The paper sets out two views of the facts about the effects of globalization on world poverty and inequality. The bottom line: globalization is not the cause, but neither is it the solution to world poverty and inequality. The paper then explores why and how the global economy is stacked against... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2779/">What did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans - Working Paper 11</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 1, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> One feature of adjustment loans that has been often overlooked in their evaluation is their frequent repetition to the same country, with such extremes as the 30 IMF and World Bank adjustment loans to Argentina over 1980-99 or the 26 adjustment loans to Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. Repetition changes... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2780/">Solutions when the Solution is the Problem: Arraying<br> the Disarray in Development - Working Paper 10</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 1, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The welfare of the poor turns in large measure not only on technocratic development "policies", but the effective delivery of key public services, core elements of which require thousands of face-to-face discretionary transactions ("practices") by service providers. This paper presents eight... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2781/">An Identity Crisis? Testing IMF Financial Programming - Working Paper 9</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 1, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The IMF uses its well-known "financial programming" model to derive monetary and fiscal programs to achieve desired macroeconomic targets in countries undergoing crises or receiving debt relief. Financial programming is based on monetary, balance of payments, and fiscal accounting identities. This... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2783/">Commodity Dependence, Trade, and Growth: When "Openness" is Not Enough - Working Paper 7</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 2, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this paper we argue that neither the level nor the change in a country's trade/GDP ratio can be taken as an indication of the "openness" of a country's trade policy. In particular, we examine the ways in which terms of trade shifts have affected trade/GDP ratio over the past two decades, and... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2862/">Delivering on Debt Relief</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 1, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Over the last several years, the United States and other major donor countries have supported a historic initiative to write down the official debts of a group of heavily indebted poor countries, or HIPCs. Donor countries had two primary goals in supporting debt relief: to reduce countries' debt... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2786/">The Cartel of Good Intentions: Markets vs. Bureaucracy <br>in Foreign Aid - Working Paper 4</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 1, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The tragedy of foreign aid is not that it didn't work; it was never really tried. A group of well-meaning national and international bureaucracies dispensed foreign aid under conditions in which bureaucracy does not work well. The hostile environment under which such aid agencies functioned induced... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2788/">HIV/AIDS and the Accumulation and Utilization of Human Capital in Africa - Working Paper 2</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 2, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper outlines the likely effects of the AIDS pandemic in Africa on the continent's ability to produce education and use it effectively for growth and poverty reduction. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2923_image_washcont.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2923/">Washington Contentious: Economic Policies for Social Equity in Latin America</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 1, 2001</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> At the end of the 1990s the future of Latin America seemed grim in the face of four devastating problems—slow and unsteady economic growth, persistent poverty, social injustice, and personal insecurity. For 10 years Latin America had pursued—with considerable vigor—the 10 economic policies... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box research"> <ul> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi">2011 Commitment to Development Index</a> <div class="item-description"><p>What Is the CDI? Rich and poor countries are linked in many ways--by foreign aid, commerce, migration, the environment, and military affairs. The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) rates 22 rich countries on how much they help poor countries build prosperity, good government, and security. Each...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box opinions"> <ul> <li> <div class="item-title"><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/opinion/detail/3013/">A Marshall Plan is not what Africa needs [International Herald Tribune]</a></div> <div class="item-description">From the International Herald Tribune</div> </li> <li> <div class="item-title"><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/opinion/detail/2979/">For stable Africa, Zimbabwe needs a change of leadership [Democrat & Chronicle]</a></div> <div class="item-description">From the Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, NY)</div> </li> <li> <div class="item-title"><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/opinion/detail/2976/">Review of: Globalization and its Discontents [Financial Times]</a></div> <div class="item-description">From the Financial Times</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box multimedia"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424310_image_Deb_Bhattarcharya_180x180.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1424310/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2010/07/20/how-to-help-the-world%E2%80%99s-least-developed-countries-unctad%E2%80%99s-deb-bhattacharya/">How to Help the World’s Least Developed Countries: UNCTAD’s Deb Bhattacharya</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Jul 20, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"><p>There are 49 countries in the world that the United Nations classifies as Least Developed Countries (LDCs). How does a country wind up on the list, and how is the international community working to help these countries develop? My guest this week is Debapriya Bhattacharya, currently a Special...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1420910/">CGD Special Discussion with David Gergen on Obama's Global Development Policy (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date">- Jan 17, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"><p>Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div>  </td> <td style="width:20px"></td> <td id="section-sidebar" valign="top">  <h3>Related Initiatives</h3> <ul> <li> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi">2011 Commitment to Development Index</a> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> <div style="float:right"><a class="more-link" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives">More Initiatives</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3> <div style="float:right"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://feeds.feedburner.com/cgdev/globaldevelopment/category/economic-growth"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-tiny.png" alt="RSS"/></a> </div> Recent Blog Posts <div class="clear"></div> </h3> <div class="recent-blog-posts"><ul> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/06/happiness-as-development.php">Happiness as Development</a> <span class="blog-date">- Jun 16</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/06/cash-at-your-fingertips-biometric-technology-for-transfer-systems.php">Cash at Your Fingertips: Biometric Technology for Transfer Systems</a> <span class="blog-date">- Jun 16</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/06/good-news-history-%E2%89%A0-destiny.php">Good News: History Does Not Equal Destiny</a> <span class="blog-date">- Jun 13</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/11/the-true-true-size-of-africa.php">The True True Size of Africa</a> <span class="blog-date">- Nov 11</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/mother-earth-lit-up-here-but-not-yet-there.php">Mother Earth Lit Up Here but Not Yet There</a> <span class="blog-date">- Dec 1</span> </li> </ul></div> <div style="float:right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/category/economic-growth" class="more-link">More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3>Experts</h3> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2570_file_mc_photo_aug_2010_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2570">Michael Clemens</a></div> <div>Senior Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425450_file_jessica_goldberg.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1425450">Jessica Goldberg</a></div> <div>Post-Doctoral Research Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2719_file_roodman_web_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2719">David Roodman</a></div> <div>Senior Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2705_file_image_DeveshKapur.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2705">Devesh Kapur</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2713_file_moss_web_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2713">Todd Moss</a></div> <div>Vice President for Programs and Senior Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2693_file_cline_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2693">William R. Cline</a></div> <div>Senior Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/483_file_birdsall170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483">Nancy Birdsall</a></div> <div>President</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2721_file_walle_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2721">Nicolas van de Walle</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423702_file_gelb_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423702">Alan Gelb</a></div> <div>Senior Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2707_file_lancaster_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2707">Carol J. Lancaster</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423732_file_image_paul_romer.JPG&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423732">Paul Romer</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2720_file_peterTimmertb.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2720">Peter Timmer</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2716_file_pritchett_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2716">Lant Pritchett</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2706_file_kremer_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2706">Michael Kremer</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2704">Ethan Kapstein</a></div> <div>Visiting Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2702">Ricardo Hausmann</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423733">Pranab Bardhan</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="float:right"><a class="more-link" href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/experts">More Experts</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3 style="padding:15px 0 10px 0">Get Updates</h3> <form method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/subscribe"> <input type="text" name="ce" id="newsletter-input" value="Enter Email" onclick="this.value=''"/> <input type="hidden" name="ACTION_REQUIRED" value="URI_ACTION_USER_REQUESTS"/> <input type="hidden" name="SURVEY_ID" value="1181"/> <input type="submit" id="newsletter-btn" value=""/> </form> <div id="social-icons"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://twitter.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-twitter.png" alt="Twitter"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.facebook.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-facebook.png" alt="Facebook"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.youtube.com/globaldevelopment" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-youtube.png" alt="YouTube"/></a>   <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-big.png" alt="RSS"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-podcast.png" alt="Podcasts"/></a> </div>  </td> </tr> </table>  <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-top"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td align="left"> <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/contactus/">Contact Us</a> | <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/presscenter/">Press Center</a> | <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/employment/">Jobs</a> | <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/">RSS</a> | <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/donate/">Invest</a> </td> <td align="right"> © 2012, CGD. All rights reserved.   |   <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/content/article/detail/1423897/">Credits</a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="footer-bottom"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width:260px"> <div style="font-weight:bold">CENTER FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT</div> <div style="padding-top:10px">1800 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Third Floor</div> <div style="padding-bottom:10px">Washington DC 20036</div> <div>Tel 202.416.4000   |   Fax 202.416.4050</div> </td> <td valign="top" style="width:140px; border-left:2px solid #d9e9eb; border-right:2px solid #d9e9eb"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:0 0 20px 11px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://twitter.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-twitter.png" alt="Twitter"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding: 2px 0 0 9px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.facebook.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-facebook.png" alt="Facebook"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:9px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www.youtube.com/globaldevelopment" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-youtube.png" alt="YouTube"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:0 0 20px 12px; width:33%"><a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-big.png" alt="RSS"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding: 0 0 0 3px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://intlrel.meetup.com/68/" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-meetup.png" alt="Meetup"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:9px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-podcast.png" alt="Podcast"/></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="top" align="right"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/badges/wonkcast_logo_167.png" alt="Global Prosperity Wonkcast"/></a>   <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/opinions/reading/"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/badges/wwrbadge.png" alt="What We're Reading"/></a>   <a href="/web/20120101124154/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/donate/cgd_society"><img src="/web/20120101124154im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/badges/cgd-society.jpg" alt="CGD Society"/></a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20120101124154/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-1044429-1"); pageTracker._setDomainName("cgdev.org"); pageTracker._setLocalRemoteServerMode(); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Economic Growth : Center for Global Development : Research Topics