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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Justice and Development Party (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[adaːˈlet ve kaɫkɯnˈma paɾtiˈsi]</a>, AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English,<a href="#cite_note-twitter-1">[1]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">political party in Turkey</a> self-describing as <a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">conservative-democratic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> It has been the ruling party of Turkey since 2002. Third-party sources often refer to the party as <a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">national conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a><a href="#cite_note-Right-wing_populism-17">[16]</a> and as espousing <a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">neo-Ottomanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The party is generally regarded as being <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">political spectrum</a>, although some sources have described it as <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> It is one of the two <a href="/wiki/Major_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Major parties">major parties</a> of contemporary Turkey along with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP). <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #fda000; border-bottom:2px solid #fda000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Justice and Development Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Justice_and_Development_Party_%28Turkey%29_logo.svg/150px-Justice_and_Development_Party_%28Turkey%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Justice_and_Development_Party_%28Turkey%29_logo.svg/225px-Justice_and_Development_Party_%28Turkey%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Justice_and_Development_Party_%28Turkey%29_logo.svg/300px-Justice_and_Development_Party_%28Turkey%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="207"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>AK Party (English)<a href="#cite_note-twitter-1">[1]</a></li><li>AK PARTİ<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a> (Turkish)<a href="#cite_note-Yargitay-6">[5]</a></li><li>AKP (unofficial)<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyy%C3%BCp_Kadir_%C4%B0nan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyyüp Kadir İnan (page does not exist)">Eyyüp Kadir İnan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_spokesperson" title="Party spokesperson">Spokesperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_%C3%87elik" title="Ömer Çelik">Ömer Çelik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCler" title="Abdullah Güler">Abdullah Güler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap" style="nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Bülent Arınç</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">14 August 2001; 23 years ago (2001-08-14)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Söğütözü Caddesi No 6 <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ankaya,_Ankara_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Çankaya, Ankara (district)">Çankaya, Ankara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/AK_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="AK Youth">AK Youth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(February 2025)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 11,135,306<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Soft Euroscepticism</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Turkey)" title="People's Alliance (Turkey)">People's Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_Conservatives_and_Reformists" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists">Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (2013–2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> Orange <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Blue <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> White</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">272 / 600<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_municipalities_in_Turkey" title="Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey">Metropolitan municipalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 30<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Provinces</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 51<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Turkey" title="List of municipalities in Turkey">District municipalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">371 / 922<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Belde" title="Belde">Belde Municipalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">189 / 390<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">Provincial councilors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">592 / 1,282<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">Municipal Assemblies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">8,174 / 20,953<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akparti.org.tr/en">www.akparti.org.tr</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #fda000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> has been chairman of the AK Party since the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Justice_and_Development_Party_Extraordinary_Congress" title="3rd Justice and Development Party Extraordinary Congress">2017 Party Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The AK Party is the largest party in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a>, the Turkish national legislature, with 268 out of 600 seats, having won 35.6% of votes in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">2023 Turkish parliamentary election</a>. It forms the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Turkey)" title="People's Alliance (Turkey)">People's Alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (MHP). The current parliamentary leader of the AK Party is <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCler" title="Abdullah Güler">Abdullah Güler</a>. Founded in 2001 by members of a number of parties such as <a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">FP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a> and <a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">DYP</a>, the party has a strong base of support among people from the conservative tradition of Turkey,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">not verified in body</a>] though the party strongly denies it is <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-37">[36]</a> The party positioned itself as pro-liberal market economy, supporting <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkish membership in the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vote2007-38">[37]</a> Orange is the party's main colour. Other colours include white for the logo, blue for the flag, and orange-white-blue-red for the corporate design.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> The AK Party is the only party in Turkey with a significant presence in all <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">provinces of Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cavatorta-40">[39]</a> Since the beginning of Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">multiparty democracy in 1946</a>, AK Party is the only party to win seven consecutive parliamentary elections.<a href="#cite_note-Cavatorta-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> The AK Party has headed the national government since 2002 under <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> (2002–2003), <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (2003–2014), <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> (2014–2016), <a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a> (2016–2018) and <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (2018–present). The AK Party's rule has been marked with increasing <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a> and banning of other <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a> and dissent.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The party was an observer in the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> between 2005 and 2013. After not being granted full membership in the EPP, the party became a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe</a> (ACRE) from 2013 to 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Financial_Times-47">[46]</a> AK Party has dominated Turkish politics since 2002. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_political_parties" title="List of largest political parties">sixth largest political party in the world</a> by membership and the biggest in the world outside India, China and the U.S. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Formation">1.1 Formation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Closure_cases">1.2 Closure cases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Elections">1.3 Elections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#2002_general_elections">1.3.1 2002 general elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#2004_local_elections">1.3.2 2004 local elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#2007_elections">1.3.3 2007 elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#2007_constitutional_referendum">1.3.4 2007 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#2009_local_elections">1.3.5 2009 local elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#2010_constitutional_referendum">1.3.6 2010 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#2011_Turkish_general_election">1.3.7 2011 Turkish general election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#2014_elections">1.3.8 2014 elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#June_2015_general_election">1.3.9 June 2015 general election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#November_2015_general_election">1.3.10 November 2015 general election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#2018_general_election">1.3.11 2018 general election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#2019_local_elections">1.3.12 2019 local elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#2023_general_election">1.3.13 2023 general election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#2024_local_elections">1.3.14 2024 local elections</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Ideology_and_policies">2 Ideology and policies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#European_affiliation">2.1 European affiliation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Legislation_and_positions">2.2 Legislation and positions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Criticism">3 Criticism</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#2013_corruption_scandal">3.1 2013 corruption scandal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Use_of_Internet_trolls">3.2 Use of Internet trolls</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Party_leaders">4 Party leaders</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Election_results">5 Election results</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Presidential_elections">5.1 Presidential elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#General_elections">5.2 General elections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#By-elections">5.2.1 By-elections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Local_elections">5.3 Local elections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Re-runs">5.3.1 Re-runs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Referendums">5.4 Referendums</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Footnotes">7 Footnotes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Literature">9.1 Literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Media">9.2 Media</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The AK Party was established by a wide range of politicians of various political parties and a number of new politicians in 2001. The core of the party was formed from the reformist faction of the Islamist <a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a>, including people such as <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ar%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Bülent Arınç">Bülent Arınç</a>, while a second founding group consisted of members of the social conservative <a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a> who had been close to <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Cemil_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek" title="Cemil Çiçek">Cemil Çiçek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aksu" title="Abdülkadir Aksu">Abdülkadir Aksu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Historically the party was described as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal conservative</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative liberal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economically liberal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-European</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Center-right_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-right politics">center-right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Some members of the <a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="True Path Party (Turkey)">True Path Party</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Hüseyin Çelik</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ksal_Toptan" title="Köksal Toptan">Köksal Toptan</a>, joined the AK Party. Some members, such as <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCr%C5%9Fad_T%C3%BCzmen" title="Kürşad Tüzmen">Kürşad Tüzmen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_G%C3%BCnay" title="Ertuğrul Günay">Ertuğrul Günay</a>, had <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">nationalist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Center-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-left">center-left</a> backgrounds respectively, while representatives of the nascent, more clearly anti-capitalist 'Muslim left' current were largely excluded.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> In addition, a large number of people joined a political party for the first time, such as <a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimet_Ba%C5%9F" title="Nimet Baş">Nimet Baş</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egemen_Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Egemen Bağış">Egemen Bağış</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure_cases">Closure cases</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Closure cases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism in Turkey</a></div> Controversies over whether the party remains committed to <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secular principles</a> enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish constitution">Turkish constitution</a> have dominated Turkish politics since 2002. Turkey's constitution established the country as a secular state and prohibits any political parties that promote <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shariah_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariah law">shariah law</a>. Since coming to power, the party has brought about tighter regulations on <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> and higher taxes on <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Turkey" title="Alcohol laws of Turkey">alcohol consumption</a>, leading to allegations that it is covertly undermining Turkish secularism. Some activists, commentators, opponents and government officials have accused the party of Islamism. The Justice and Development Party has faced two "closure cases" (attempts to officially ban the party, usually for Islamist practices) in 2002 and 2008. Just 10 days before the <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">national elections of 2002</a>, Turkey's chief prosecutor, Sabih Kanadoğlu, asked the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Turkish constitutional court</a> to close the Justice and Development Party, which was leading in the polls at that time. The chief prosecutor charged the Justice and Development Party with abusing the law and justice. He based his case on the fact that the party's leader had been banned from political life for reading an Islamist poem, and thus the party had no standing in elections. The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> had previously criticized Turkey for banning the party's leader from participating in elections.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_(2007-04-14).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg/300px-Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2581" data-file-height="1728"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 201px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg/300px-Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="201" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg/450px-Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg/600px-Protect_Your_Republic_Protest_-_1_%282007-04-14%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_Protests" title="Republic Protests">Republic Protests</a> took place in 2007 in support of the <a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalist reforms</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">state secularism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, against the perceived <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> of Turkey under the ruling Justice and Development Party.</figcaption></figure> The party again faced a <a href="/wiki/2008_Justice_and_Development_Party_closure_trial" title="2008 Justice and Development Party closure trial">closure trial in 2008</a> brought about by the lifting of a long-standing university ban on headscarves.<a href="#cite_note-tait-guardian-30-7-2008-62">[61]</a> At an international press conference in Spain, Erdoğan answered a question of a journalist by saying, "What if the headscarf is a symbol? Even if it were a political symbol, does that give [one the] right to ban it? Could you bring prohibitions to symbols?" These statements led to a joint proposal of the Justice and Development Party and the far-right <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> for changing the constitution and the law to lift a ban on women wearing headscarves at state universities.<a href="#cite_note-hurr0730-63">[62]</a> Soon afterwards, Turkey's chief prosecutor, <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1nkaya" title="Abdurrahman Yalçınkaya">Abdurrahman Yalçınkaya</a>, asked the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court of Turkey</a> to close down the party on charges of violating the <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">separation of religion and state</a> in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-hurr0730-63">[62]</a> The closure request failed by only one vote, as only six of the 11 judges ruled in favor, with seven required; however, 10 out of 11 judges agreed that the Justice and Development Party had become "a center for anti-secular activities", leading to a loss of 50% of the state funding for the party.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to 2023 and 2024 elections) need to be updated. The reason given is: The 2023 and 2024 elections have concluded. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The party has won pluralities in the seven most recent legislative elections, those of <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a>, <a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">June 2015</a>, <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">November 2015</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">2018</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">2023</a>. The party held a majority of seats for 13 years, but lost it in June 2015, only to regain it in the snap election of November 2015 but then lose it again in 2018. Its past electoral success has been mirrored in the three local elections held since the party's establishment, coming first in <a href="/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections" title="2004 Turkish local elections">2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">2009</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections" title="2014 Turkish local elections">2014</a> respectively. However, the party lost most of Turkey's biggest cities including <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> in <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019 local elections</a>, which has been attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93current)" title="Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)">Turkish economic crisis</a>, accusations of authoritarianism, as well as alleged government inaction on the <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey">Syrian refugee crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2002_general_elections">2002 general elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2002 general elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The AK Party won a sweeping victory in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002 elections</a>, which saw every party previously represented in the Grand National Assembly ejected from the chamber. In the process, it won a two-thirds majority of seats, becoming the first Turkish party in 11 years to win an outright majority. Erdoğan, as the leader of the biggest party in parliament, would have been normally given the task to form a cabinet. However, according to the Turkish Constitution Article 109 the prime ministers had to be also a representative of the Turkish Parliament. Erdoğan, who was banned from holding any political office after a 1994 incident in which he read a poem deemed pro-Islamist by judges, was therefore not. As a result, Gül became prime minister. It survived the crisis over the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> despite a massive back bench rebellion where over a hundred AK Party MPs joined those of the opposition <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP) in parliament to prevent the government from allowing the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to launch a Northern offensive in Iraq from Turkish territory. Later, Erdoğan's ban was lifted with the help of the CHP and Erdoğan became prime minister by being elected to the parliament after a <a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">by-election in Siirt</a>. The AK Party has undertaken structural reforms, and during its rule Turkey has seen rapid growth and an end to its three decade long period of high inflation rates. Inflation had fallen to 8.8% by 2004. Influential business publications such as <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> consider the AK Party's government the most successful in Turkey in decades.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004_local_elections">2004 local elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2004 local elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the local elections of 2004, the AK Party won 42% of the votes, making inroads against the secular <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP) on the South and West Coasts, and against the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)">Social Democratic People's Party</a>, which is supported by some <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> in the South-East of Turkey. In January 2005, the AK Party was admitted as an observer member in the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP). However, it left the EPP to join the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_Conservatives_and_Reformists" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists">Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (AECR) in 2013. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007_elections">2007 elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2007 elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG/250px-Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="139"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 70px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG/250px-Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG" data-width="250" data-height="70" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG/375px-Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Se%C3%A7menin_gelir_d%C3%BCzeyine_g%C3%B6re_oy_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Voter base by monthly household income. AK Party is the largest party in group 1, 2, 3 and 4, while CHP is the largest in group 5, the richest 20% of Turkey.</figcaption></figure> On 14 April 2007, an estimated 300,000 people marched in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> to protest the possible candidacy of Erdoğan in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2007 Turkish presidential election">2007 presidential election</a>, afraid that if elected as president, he would alter the secular nature of the Turkish state.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Erdoğan announced on 24 April 2007 that the party had decided to nominate Abdullah Gül as the AK Party candidate in the presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The protests continued over the next several weeks, with over one million reported at an 29 April rally in Istanbul,<a href="#cite_note-Agence_France-Presse-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters29-71">[70]</a> tens of thousands reported at separate protests on 4 May in <a href="/wiki/Manisa" title="Manisa">Manisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Milliyet-72">[71]</a> and one million in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> on 13 May.<a href="#cite_note-swissinfo-73">[72]</a> Early <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">parliamentary elections</a> were called after the failure of the parties in parliament to agree on the next Turkish president. The opposition parties boycotted the parliamentary vote and deadlocked the election process. At the same time, Erdoğan claimed the failure to elect a president was a failure of the Turkish political system and proposed to modify the constitution. The AK Party achieved a significant victory in the rescheduled 22 July 2007 elections with 46.6% of the vote, translating into control of 341 of the 550 available parliamentary seats. Although the AK Party received significantly more votes in 2007 than in 2002, the number of parliamentary seats they controlled decreased due to the rules of the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Turkish electoral system</a>. However, they retained a comfortable ruling majority.<a href="#cite_note-vote2007-38">[37]</a> Nationally, the elections of 2007 saw a major advance for the AK Party, with the party outpolling the pro-Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Society_Party" title="Democratic Society Party">Democratic Society Party</a> in traditional Kurdish strongholds such as <a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mardin_Province" title="Mardin Province">Mardin</a>, as well as outpolling the secular-left CHP in traditionally secular areas such as <a href="/wiki/Antalya_Province" title="Antalya Province">Antalya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artvin_Province" title="Artvin Province">Artvin</a>. Overall, the AK Party secured a plurality of votes in 68 of Turkey's 81 provinces, with its strongest vote of 71% coming from <a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l_Province" title="Bingöl Province">Bingöl</a>. Its weakest vote, a mere 12%, came from <a href="/wiki/Tunceli_Province" title="Tunceli Province">Tunceli</a>, the only Turkish province where the <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevi</a> form a majority.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Abdullah Gül was elected as the President in late August with 339 votes in the third round – the first at which a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">simple majority</a> is required – after deadlock in the first two rounds, in which a two-thirds majority was needed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007_constitutional_referendum">2007 constitutional referendum</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2007 constitutional referendum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">2007 Turkish constitutional referendum</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak_parti_miting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ak_parti_miting.jpg/270px-Ak_parti_miting.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ak_parti_miting.jpg/270px-Ak_parti_miting.jpg" data-width="270" data-height="180" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ak_parti_miting.jpg/405px-Ak_parti_miting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ak_parti_miting.jpg/540px-Ak_parti_miting.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A rally of the Justice and Development Party in 2007</figcaption></figure> After the opposition parties deadlocked the 2007 presidential election by boycotting the parliament, the ruling AK Party proposed a constitutional reform package. The reform package was first vetoed by <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer" title="Ahmet Necdet Sezer">President Sezer</a>. Then he applied to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Turkish constitutional court</a> about the reform package, because the president is unable to veto amendments for the second time. The court did not find any problems in the package and 69% of the voters supported the constitutional changes. The reforms consisted of: <ul><li>electing the president by popular vote instead of by parliament;</li> <li>reducing the presidential term from seven years to five;</li> <li>allowing the president to stand for re-election for a second term;</li> <li>holding general elections every four years instead of five;</li> <li>reducing the quorum of lawmakers needed for parliamentary decisions from 367 to 184.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_local_elections">2009 local elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2009 local elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">2009 Turkish local elections</a> took place in March 2009, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>. After the success of the AK Party in the 2007 general elections, the party saw a decline in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">2009 Turkish local elections</a>. In these elections the AK Party received 39% of the vote, 3% less than in the local elections of 2004. Still, the AK Party remained the dominating party in Turkey. The second party CHP received 23% of the vote and the third party <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">MHP</a> received 16% of the vote. The AK Party won in Turkey's largest cities: <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010_constitutional_referendum">2010 constitutional referendum</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2010 constitutional referendum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Turkish constitutional referendum">2010 Turkish constitutional referendum</a></div> Reforming the Constitution was one of the main pledges of the AK Party during the 2007 election campaign. The main opposition party CHP was not interested in altering the Constitution on a big scale, making it impossible to form a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Commission" title="Constitutional Commission">Constitutional Commission</a> (Anayasa Uzlaşma Komisyonu).<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The amendments lacked the two-thirds majority needed to instantly become law, but secured 336 votes in the 550 seat parliament – enough to put the proposals to a referendum. The reform package included a number of issues: such as the right of individuals to appeal to the highest court, the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">ombudsman</a>'s office, the possibility to negotiate a nationwide labour contract, positive exceptions for female citizens, the ability of civilian courts to convict members of the military, the right of civil servants to go on strike, a privacy law, and the structure of the Constitutional Court. The referendum was agreed by a majority of 58%. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_Turkish_general_election">2011 Turkish general election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2011 Turkish general election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (April 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014_elections">2014 elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2014 elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">presidential election of 2014</a>, the AK Party's long time leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected president. In the party's <a href="/wiki/2014_Justice_and_Development_Party_Extraordinary_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Justice and Development Party Extraordinary Congress">first extraordinary congress</a>, former foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> was unanimously elected unopposed as party leader and took over as prime minister on 28 August 2014. Davutoğlu stepped down as prime minister on 4 May 2016 following policy disagreements with President Erdoğan. Presidential aide Cemil Ertem said to Turkish TV that the country and its economy would stabilize further "when a prime minister more closely aligned with President Erdoğan takes office".<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="June_2015_general_election">June 2015 general election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: June 2015 general election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">general election</a> held on 7 June, the AK Party gained 40.87% of the vote and 258 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a> (Turkish: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, TBMM). Though it still remains the biggest party in Turkey, the AK Party lost its status as the majority party and the power to form a single-party government. Until then it had held this majority without interruption for 13 years since it had come to power in 2002. In this election, the AK Party was pushing to gain 330 seats in the Grand National Assembly so that it could put a series of constitutional changes to a referendum, one of them was to switch Turkey from the current parliamentary government to an American-style executive presidency government. This pursuit met with a series of oppositions and criticism from the opposition parties and their supporters, fearing the measure would give more unchecked power to the current President of Turkey <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, who has drawn fierce criticisms both from home and abroad for his active role in the election, abandoning the traditional presidential role of maintaining a more neutral and impartial position in elections by his predecessors in the office. The result of the Kurdish issues-centered <a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic Party</a>, HDP, breaking through the 10% threshold to achieve 13.12% out of the total votes cast and gaining 80 seats in the Grand National Assembly in the election, which caused the AK Party to lose its parliamentary majority. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="November_2015_general_election">November 2015 general election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: November 2015 general election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (April 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018_general_election">2018 general election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2018 general election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (April 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_local_elections">2019 local elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2019 local elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019 local elections</a>, the ruling party AK Party lost control of Istanbul and Ankara for the first time in 15 years, as well as five of Turkey's six largest cities. The loss has been widely attributed to AK Party's mismanagement of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93current)" title="Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)">Turkish economic crisis</a>, rising authoritarianism as well as alleged government inaction on the <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey">Syrian refugee crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-66">[65]</a> Soon after the elections, the Turkish government ordered a <a href="/wiki/June_2019_Istanbul_mayoral_election" title="June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election">re-election in Istanbul</a>. The decision led to a downfall on AK Party's popularity and it lost the elections again in June with an even greater margin.<a href="#cite_note-bbcelection-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The result was seen as a huge blow to Erdoğan, who had once said that if his party 'lost Istanbul, we would lose Turkey.'<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The opposition's landslide was characterized as the 'beginning of the end' for Erdoğan,<a href="#cite_note-:02-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-85">[84]</a> with international commentators calling the re-run a huge government miscalculation that can lead to a potential İmamoğlu candidacy in the next scheduled <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_general_election" title="2023 Turkish general election">presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-85">[84]</a> It is suspected that the scale of the government's defeat could provoke a cabinet reshuffle and early general elections, currently scheduled for June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_general_election">2023 general election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2023 general election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (April 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_local_elections">2024 local elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2024 local elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (April 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Ideology_and_policies">Ideology and policies</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ideology and policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Although the party is described as an Islamist party in some media, party officials reject those claims.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> According to former minister <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%87elik" title="Hüseyin Çelik">Hüseyin Çelik</a>, "In the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> press, when the AK Party administration – the ruling party of the Turkish Republic – is being named, most of the time 'Islamic,' 'Islamist,' 'mildly Islamist,' 'Islamic-oriented,' 'Islamic-based' or 'with an Islamic agenda,' and similar language is being used. These characterizations do not reflect the truth, and they sadden us." Çelik added, "The AK Party is a conservative democratic party. The AK Party's conservatism is limited to moral and social issues."<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> Also in a separate speech made in 2005, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> stated, "We are not an Islamic party, and we also refuse labels such as Muslim-democrat." Erdogan went on to say that the AK Party's agenda is limited to "<a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">conservative democracy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Ta%C5%9Fp%C4%B1nar_2012-90">[89]</a> On the other hand, according to at least one observer (<a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Akyol" title="Mustafa Akyol">Mustafa Akyol</a>), under the AK Party government of <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, starting in 2007, "hundreds of secularist officers and their civilian allies" were jailed, and by 2012 the "old secularist guard" in positions of authority was replaced by members/supporters of the AK Party and the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movement" title="Gülen movement">Gülen movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-23-7-16-91">[90]</a> On 25 April 2016, the Turkish Parliament Speaker <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Kahraman" title="İsmail Kahraman">İsmail Kahraman</a> told a conference of Islamic scholars and writers in Istanbul that "secularism would not have a place in a new constitution”, as Turkey is “a Muslim country and so we should have a religious constitution". (One of the duties of Parliament Speaker is to pen a new draft constitution for Turkey).<a href="#cite_note-removed-Milliyet-27_April_2016-92">[91]</a> As of 2023, some sources define the party as being "rooted in political Islam" and an "Islamist-rooted party".<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> In recent years, the ideology of the party has shifted more towards <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> causing liberals such as <a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> and some conservatives such as <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> to leave the party.<a href="#cite_note-cap-97">[96]</a> Several writers have also labelled the party as being <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a> since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Right-wing_populism-17">[16]</a> The party's foreign policy has also been widely described as <a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> an ideology that promotes renewed Turkish political engagement in the former territories of its predecessor state, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. However, the party's leadership has also rejected this label.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> The party's relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> has drawn allegations of <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-37">[36]</a> The AK Party favors a strong centralized leadership, having long advocated for a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a> of government and significantly <a href="/wiki/2013_Turkish_local_government_reorganisation" title="2013 Turkish local government reorganisation">reduced the number of elected local government positions</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-hurriyet-Babacan-30-1-2015-100">[99]</a> The party was an observer in the centre-right <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> between 2005 and 2013 and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Eurosceptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Conservatives_and_Reformists_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe">Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe</a> (ACRE) from 2013<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> to 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Financial_Times-47">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_affiliation">European affiliation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: European affiliation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_(836).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="949"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Bonn_%28836%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Picture of <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdogan</a> among other leaders at the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> Congress in 2009</figcaption></figure> In 2005, the party was granted observer membership in the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP). In November 2013, the party left the EPP to join the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Conservatives_and_Reformists_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe">Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (now European Conservatives and Reformists Party) instead.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> This move was attributed to the AK Party's disappointment to not to be granted full membership in the EPP, while it was admitted as a full member of the AECR.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> It drew criticism in both national and European discourses, as the driving force of Turkey's aspirations to become a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> decided to join a largely <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">eurosceptic</a> alliance, abandoning the more influential pro-European EPP, feeding suspicions that AK Party wants to join a watered down, not a closely integrated EU.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> The AK Party withdrew from AECR in 2018. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation_and_positions">Legislation and positions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Legislation and positions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From 2002 to 2011 the party passed series of reforms to increase accessibility to healthcare and housing, distribute food subsidies, increased funding for students, improved infrastructure in poorer districts, and improved rights for religious and ethnic minorities. AK Party is also widely accredited for overcoming the <a href="/wiki/2001_Turkish_economic_crisis" title="2001 Turkish economic crisis">2001 Turkish economic crisis</a> by following <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> guidelines, as well as successfully weathering the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>. From 2002 to 2011, the Turkish economy grew on average by 7.5 percent annually, thanks to lower inflation and interest rates. The government under AK Party also backed extensive <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> programs. In fact, 88% of the privatizations in Turkey were carried out under AK Party rule.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> The average income in Turkey rose from $2,800 U.S. in 2001 to around $10,000 U.S. in 2011, higher than income in some of the new EU member states. Other reforms included increasing civilian representation over military in areas of national security, education and media, and grant broadcasting and increased cultural <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">rights to Kurds</a>. On Cyprus, AK Party supported <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus reunification">unification of Cyprus</a>, something deeply opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish military</a>. Other AK Party reforms included lifting bans on religious and conservative dress, such as <a href="/wiki/Headscarf" title="Headscarf">headscarves</a>, in universities and public institutions. AK Party also ended discrimination against students from religious high schools, who previously had to meet additional criteria in areas of education and upon entry to universities. AK Party is also accredited for bringing the Turkish military under civilian rule, a paradigm shift for a country that had experienced constant military meddling for almost a century.<a href="#cite_note-Ta%C5%9Fp%C4%B1nar_2012-90">[89]</a> More recently, <a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">nationwide protests</a> broke out against the alleged <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> of the AK Party in 2013, with the party's perceived heavy-handed response receiving western condemnation and stalling the party's once championed EU accession negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In addition to its alleged attempts to promote Islamism, the party is accused by some of restricting some civil liberties and <a href="/wiki/Internet_regulation_in_Turkey" title="Internet regulation in Turkey">internet use</a> in Turkey, having temporarily blocked access to <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-107">[106]</a> Especially after the <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">government corruption scandal</a> involving several AKP ministers in 2013, the party has been increasingly accused of <a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">crony capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-108">[107]</a> The AK Party favors a strong centralized leadership, having long advocated for a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a> of government and significantly <a href="/wiki/2013_Turkish_local_government_reorganisation" title="2013 Turkish local government reorganisation">reduced the number of elected local government positions</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criticism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Critics have accused the AK Party of having a 'hidden agenda' despite their public endorsement of secularism and the party maintains informal relations and support for the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-37">[36]</a> Both the party's domestic and foreign policy has been perceived to be <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottoman</a>, advocating a revival of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Culture of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman culture</a> often at the expense of secular republican principles,<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> while increasing regional presence in former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-arsiv.taraf.com.tr-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> The AK Party has been criticized for supporting a wide-scale purge of thousands of academics after the failed coup attempt in 2016. Primary, lower secondary and secondary school students were forced to spend the first day of school after the failed coup d'état watching videos about the ‘triumph of democracy’ over the plotters, and listening to speeches equating the civilian counter-coup that aborted the takeover with historic Ottoman victories going back 1000 years. Campaigns have been organised to release higher education personnel and to drop charges against them for peaceful exercise of academic freedom.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> Imprisonment of political activists continues, while the chair of <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty</a> Turkey has been jailed for standing up to the AK Party on trumped up "terrorism charges". These charges have drawn condemnation from many western countries, including from the US State Department, the EU, as well as from international and domestic human rights organisations.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> The party has also been criticized by Turkish and international <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a> groups including <a href="/wiki/KAOS_GL" title="KAOS GL">KAOS GL</a> for homophobic statements made by some AK Party politicians and for what they argue has become a repressive climate for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights in Turkey</a> under the AK Party. In 2002 before his election, Erdoğan said that "homosexuals must be legally protected within the framework of their rights and freedoms."<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> In 2011, AK Party Minister for Families and Social Policy <a href="/wiki/Fatma_%C5%9Eahin" title="Fatma Şahin">Fatma Şahin</a> said the AK Party government would be willing to work with LGBT rights groups to advance laws protecting Turkey's gay community.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> However, commentators have argued the AK Party has taken an increasingly hardline stance on LGBT issues since coming to power, which has been characterized variously as part of a general trend towards authoritarianism under the AK Party or as motivated by Islamic and militant nationalist sentiments within the party.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> In 2012, the AK Party voted against a proposal by the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Democracy_Party" title="Peace and Democracy Party">BDP</a> to include legalization of same-sex marriage in the redrafted Turkish constitution and in 2013 blocked a research motion in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">parliament of Turkey</a> on having a parliamentary debate regarding LGBT rights. During the latter debate, AK Party MP Türkan Dağoğlu stated "Homosexuality is an abnormality. Same-sex marriages may not be allowed. It would cause social deterioration"; this prompted criticism from some opposition politicians.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> In 2017, Erdogan stated that the principle of LGBT rights was "against the values of our nation" and in 2020 endorsed controversial anti-gay statements made by Muslim scholar <a href="/wiki/Ali_Erba%C5%9F" title="Ali Erbaş">Ali Erbaş</a> which had received condemnation from some Turkish lawyers and human rights groups.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-120">[119]</a> In 2021, AK Party vice chairman and Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Suleyman_Soylu" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleyman Soylu">Suleyman Soylu</a> declared LGBT people to be "perverts." Turkish constitutional law experts Sule Ozsoy Boyunsuz and Serkan Koybasi have described public statements on gay people made by AK Party politicians as both constituting as <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> and contradicting the principle of Turkey's policy of secularism. Political scientist Mine Eder has argued that Turkey has experienced a backslide on acceptance and government anti-discrimination support for homosexuals under Erdogan.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_corruption_scandal">2013 corruption scandal</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2013 corruption scandal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">2013 corruption scandal in Turkey</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">2013 corruption scandal</a> was a criminal investigation that involved several key people in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan III">Turkish government</a>. All of the 52 people detained on 17 December were connected in various ways with the ruling Justice and Development Party. Prosecutors accused 14 people – including Suleyman Aslan, the director of state-owned <a href="/wiki/Halkbank" title="Halkbank">Halkbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> businessman <a href="/wiki/Reza_Zarrab" title="Reza Zarrab">Reza Zarrab</a>, and several family members of cabinet ministers – of <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Turkey's_Mother_of_All_Corruption_Scandals-123">[122]</a> At the heart of the scandal was an alleged "gas for gold" scheme with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> involving Aslan, who had US$4.5 million in cash stored in shoeboxes in his home, and Zarrab, who was involved in about US$9.6 billion of gold trading in 2012. Both men were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-businessinsider1-124">[123]</a> The scheme started after Turkish government officials found a loophole in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._sanctions_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. sanctions against Iran">U.S. sanctions against Iran</a> that allowed them to access Iranian oil and gas. The Turks exported some US$13 billion of gold to Iran directly, or through the <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>, between March 2012 and July 2013. In return, the Turks received Iranian natural gas and oil. The transactions were carried out through the Turkish state-owned bank, Halkbank. In January 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> decided to close this loophole but instead of immediately charging Halkbank, the U.S. government allowed its gold trading activities to continue until July 2013, because Turkey was an important ally regarding the <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War</a>, and the U.S. had been working on a <a href="/wiki/Iran_nuclear_deal_framework" title="Iran nuclear deal framework">nuclear deal with Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-businessinsider1-124">[123]</a> Then-Prime Minister Erdogan (now <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a>) was on a tour of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> when the scandal broke, which analysts believe changed the response of the AK Party, or influenced those with the tapes to leak them at a time when Erdoğan was visiting an ally (Pakistan).<a href="#cite_note-fireworks-125">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_Internet_trolls">Use of Internet trolls</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Use of Internet trolls" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/AK_Trolls" title="AK Trolls">AK Trolls</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Party_leaders">Party leaders</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Party leaders" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th>Leader (birth–death) </th> <th class="unsortable">Constituency </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Term length </th> <th class="unsortable">Leadership elections </th></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"><noscript><img alt="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/100px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/100px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-alt="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/150px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/200px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Erdoğan, Recep<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (born 1954)</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)" title="Siirt (electoral district)">Siirt</a> (<a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">2003</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_(electoral_districts)" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul (electoral districts)">İstanbul</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_(1st_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul (1st electoral district)">(I)</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">14 August 2001</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">27 August 2014</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">13 years, 13 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress (page does not exist)">2003 Ordinary Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/2nd_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress" title="2nd Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress">2006 Ordinary Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/3rd_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress" title="3rd Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress">2009 Ordinary Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/4th_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress" title="4th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress">2012 Ordinary Congress</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu"><noscript><img alt="Ahmet Davutoğlu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="777"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Ahmet Davutoğlu" data-width="100" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Davutoğlu, Ahmet<a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> (born 1959)</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Konya_(electoral_district)" title="Konya (electoral district)">Konya</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">27 August 2014</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">22 May 2016</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1 year, 269 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/1st_Justice_and_Development_Party_Extraordinary_Congress" title="1st Justice and Development Party Extraordinary Congress">2014 Extraordinary Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/5th_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress" title="5th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress">2015 Ordinary Congress</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Binali Yıldırım"><noscript><img alt="Binali Yıldırım" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Binali Yıldırım" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Yıldırım, Binali<a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a> (born 1955)</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_(electoral_districts)" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul (electoral districts)">İstanbul</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_(1st_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul (1st electoral district)">(I)</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a>) <a href="/wiki/Erzincan_(electoral_district)" title="Erzincan (electoral district)">Erzincan</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_(electoral_districts)" title="İzmir (electoral districts)">İzmir</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_(2nd_electoral_district)" title="İzmir (2nd electoral district)">(II)</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_(electoral_districts)" title="İzmir (electoral districts)">İzmir</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_(1st_electoral_district)" title="İzmir (1st electoral district)">(I)</a> (<a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">Nov 2015</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">22 May 2016</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">21 May 2017</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">364 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Justice_and_Development_Party_Extraordinary_Congress" title="2nd Justice and Development Party Extraordinary Congress">2016 Extraordinary Congress</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">(1)</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"><noscript><img alt="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/100px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/100px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-alt="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/150px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/200px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Erdoğan, Recep<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (born 1954)</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Incumbent President</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">21 May 2017</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Incumbent</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">7 years, 283 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Justice_and_Development_Party_Extraordinary_Congress" title="3rd Justice and Development Party Extraordinary Congress">2017 Extraordinary Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/6th_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress" title="6th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress">2018 Ordinary Congress</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress (page does not exist)">2021 Ordinary Congress</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Justice_and_Development_Party_Ordinary_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Justice and Development Party Ordinary Congress (page does not exist)">2025 Ordinary Congress</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Election results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Presidential elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border:none;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11">Presidential election record of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Election</th> <th rowspan="2">Candidate</th> <th colspan="2">First round</th> <th colspan="2">Second round</th> <th rowspan="2">Outcome</th> <th rowspan="2" width="272px">Map </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes</th> <th>%</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">10 August 2014</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 102px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-width="76" data-height="102" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/114px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/152px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td>21,000,143</td> <td>51.79%</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">1st</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/270px-2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/270px-2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png" data-width="270" data-height="166" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/405px-2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/540px-2014_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2018 Turkish presidential election">24 June 2018</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 102px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-width="76" data-height="102" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/114px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/152px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td>26,324,482</td> <td>52.59%</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">1st</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/270px-2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="950"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 171px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/270px-2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png" data-width="270" data-height="171" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/405px-2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/540px-2018_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">14 May 2023</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 102px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-width="76" data-height="102" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/114px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/152px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td>27,133,849</td> <td>49.52%</td> <td>27,725,131</td> <td>52.16%</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">1st</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/270px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/270px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png" data-width="270" data-height="166" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/405px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg/540px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg/270px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg/270px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg.png" data-width="270" data-height="166" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg/405px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg/540px-2023_Turkish_presidential_election_map_second_round.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_elections">General elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: General elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border:none;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11">General election record of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) 0–10% 10–20% 20–30% 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Election</th> <th>Leader</th> <th>Vote</th> <th>Seats</th> <th width="75px">Result</th> <th>Position</th> <th width="272px">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">3 November 2002</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 102px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-width="76" data-height="102" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/114px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/152px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election,_2002_pie_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="403"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png" data-width="102" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png/153px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png/204px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2002_pie_chart.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>10,808,229</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg/300px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg/400px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2002.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>363 / 550 (<noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  363)</td> <td>34.28%<hr><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  34.28 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_G%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Gül">Majority government</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:AKP_2002_performance.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AKP_2002_performance.png/270px-AKP_2002_performance.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AKP_2002_performance.png/270px-AKP_2002_performance.png" data-width="270" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AKP_2002_performance.png/405px-AKP_2002_performance.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AKP_2002_performance.png/540px-AKP_2002_performance.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">22 July 2007</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election,_2007_pie_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="403"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png" data-width="102" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png/153px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png/204px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2007_pie_chart.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>16,327,291</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg/300px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg/400px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2007.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>341 / 550 (<noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  22)</td> <td>46.58%<hr><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  12.30 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan II">Majority government</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:AKP_2007_performance.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/AKP_2007_performance.png/270px-AKP_2007_performance.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/AKP_2007_performance.png/270px-AKP_2007_performance.png" data-width="270" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/AKP_2007_performance.png/405px-AKP_2007_performance.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/AKP_2007_performance.png/540px-AKP_2007_performance.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">12 June 2011</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election,_2011_pie_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="403"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png" data-width="102" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png/153px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png/204px-Turkish_general_election%2C_2011_pie_chart.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>21,399,082</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg/300px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg/400px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2011.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>327 / 550 (<noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  14)</td> <td>49.83%<hr><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  3.25 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan III">Majority government</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:AKP_2011_performance.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/AKP_2011_performance.png/270px-AKP_2011_performance.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/AKP_2011_performance.png/270px-AKP_2011_performance.png" data-width="270" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/AKP_2011_performance.png/405px-AKP_2011_performance.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/AKP_2011_performance.png/540px-AKP_2011_performance.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">7 June 2015</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="777"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 99px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="75" data-height="99" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Turkish_Foreign_Minister_Davutoglu_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election,_June_2015_pie_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="403"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png" data-width="102" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png/153px-Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png/204px-Turkish_general_election%2C_June_2015_pie_chart.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>18,867,411</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg/300px-Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg/400px-Parliament_of_Turkey_June_2015.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>258 / 550 (<noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  69)</td> <td>40.87%<hr><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  8.96 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/63rd_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="63rd cabinet of Turkey">Coalition government</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png/270px-Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png/270px-Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png" data-width="270" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png/405px-Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png/540px-Turkish_general_election_AKP_votes_by_province.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">1 November 2015</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election,_November_2015_pie_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="403"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png/102px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png" data-width="102" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png/153px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png/204px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_pie_chart.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>23,681,926</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg/300px-Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg/400px-Parliament_of_Turkey_November_2015.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>317 / 550 (<noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  59)</td> <td>49.50%<hr><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  8.63 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Third_Davuto%C4%9Flu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Davutoğlu Cabinet">Majority government</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_general_election,_November_2015_(AKP).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png/270px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png/270px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png" data-width="270" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png/405px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png/540px-Turkish_general_election%2C_November_2015_%28AKP%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">24 June 2018</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 102px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-width="76" data-height="102" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/114px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/152px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png/102px-2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="403"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png/102px-2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png" data-width="102" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png/153px-2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png/204px-2018Se%C3%A7imPastaGrafik.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <hr> 21,333,172</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg/200px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg/300px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg/400px-Parliament_of_Turkey_2018_Elected.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>295 / 600 (<noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  21)</td> <td>42.56%<hr><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  6.94 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/66th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="66th cabinet of Turkey">Government</a><a href="#cite_note-Minority-126">[b]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Akp2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Akp2018.png/120px-Akp2018.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="1332"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 125px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Akp2018.png/120px-Akp2018.png" data-width="120" data-height="125" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Akp2018.png/180px-Akp2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Akp2018.png/240px-Akp2018.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">14 May 2023</a></td> <td>19,387,412</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg/200px-Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg/200px-Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg/300px-Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg/400px-Turquie_Parlement_2023.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr>268 / 600 (<noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  27)</td> <td>35.63%<hr><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  6.93 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="67th cabinet of Turkey">Government</a><a href="#cite_note-Minority-126">[b]</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_crystal_ball" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">to be determined</a>] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By-elections">By-elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: By-elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Election </th> <th>Candidates </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Map </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election" title="2003 Siirt Province by-election">9 March 2003</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (1st)</li><li>Öner Gülyeşil (2nd)</li><li>Öner Ergenç (3rd)</li></ul></div> </td> <td>55,203 </td> <td>84.82% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">3 / 3<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Siirt_by-election_2003.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Siirt_by-election_2003.png/270px-Siirt_by-election_2003.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="946"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 161px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Siirt_by-election_2003.png/270px-Siirt_by-election_2003.png" data-width="270" data-height="161" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Siirt_by-election_2003.png/405px-Siirt_by-election_2003.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Siirt_by-election_2003.png/540px-Siirt_by-election_2003.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_elections">Local elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Local elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border:none;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="18">Local election record of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Election</th> <th rowspan="2">Leader</th> <th colspan="2">Metropolitan</th> <th colspan="2">District</th> <th colspan="2">Municipal</th> <th colspan="2">Provincial</th> <th colspan="2">Map </th></tr> <tr> <th>Vote</th> <th>Mayors</th> <th>Vote</th> <th>Mayors</th> <th>Vote</th> <th>Councillors</th> <th>Vote</th> <th>Councillors</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections" title="2004 Turkish local elections">28 March 2004</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 102px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/76px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg" data-width="76" data-height="102" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/114px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg/152px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td>46.07%<hr>4,822,636</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 16<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>40.19%<hr>9,674,306</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1,750 / 3,193<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>40.33%<hr>9,635,145</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">16,637 / 34,477<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>41.67%<hr>13,447,287</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2,276 / 3,208<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 71%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_local_elections,_2004.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png/210px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png/210px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png" data-width="210" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png/315px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png/420px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2004.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">29 March 2009</a></td> <td>42.19%<hr>7,672,280</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10 / 16<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>38.64%<hr>12,449,187</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1,442 / 2,903<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>38.16%<hr>12,237,325</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">14,732 / 32,393<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>38.39%<hr>15,353,553</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1,889 / 3,281<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_local_elections,_2009.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png/210px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png/210px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png" data-width="210" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png/315px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png/420px-Turkish_local_elections%2C_2009.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections" title="2014 Turkish local elections">30 March 2014</a></td> <td>45.54%<hr>15,898,025</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">18 / 30<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>43.13%<hr>17,952,504</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">800 / 1,351<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>42.87%<hr>17,802,976</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10,530 / 20,500<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>45.43%<hr>4,622,484</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">779 / 1,251<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/210px-2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="249" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="2244"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 249px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/210px-2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png" data-width="210" data-height="249" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/315px-2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/420px-2014_T%C3%BCrkiye_Belediye_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Se%C3%A7imleri.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">31 March 2019</a></td> <td>44.29%<hr>16,000,992</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">15 / 30<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>42.55%<hr>18,368,421</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">762 / 1,351<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>42.56%<hr>18,299,576</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10,175 / 20,500<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>41.61%<hr>4,371,692</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">757 / 1,251<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png/210px-2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="249" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="2244"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 249px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png/210px-2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png" data-width="210" data-height="249" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png/315px-2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png/420px-2019_Mahalli_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri_BB.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">31 March 2024</a></td> <td>36.44%<hr>13,037,120</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 30<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>33.05%<hr>14,224,559</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">526 / 1,356<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>32.38%<hr>13,874,511</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">8,174 / 20,953<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>32.16%<hr>3,304,092</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">592 / 1,282<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #fda000; color:inherit; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/210px-2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="249" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1897" data-file-height="2246"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 249px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/210px-2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png" data-width="210" data-height="249" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/316px-2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png/421px-2024_Mahali_%C4%B0dareler_Se%C3%A7imleri.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Re-runs">Re-runs</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Re-runs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Election </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Outcome </th> <th>Map </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fda000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Istanbul_mayoral_election" title="June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election">23 June 2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><hr><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a> </td> <td>3,936,068 </td> <td>45.00% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg/200px-June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13463" data-file-height="8683"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg/200px-June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="129" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg/300px-June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg/400px-June_2019_%C4%B0stanbul_mayoral_election.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referendums">Referendums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Referendums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.906em; width:80%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">Election date </th> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">Party leader </th> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">Yes vote </th> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">Percentage </th> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">No vote </th> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">Percentage </th> <th style="background:gray; color:white; text-align:center;">AK Party's support </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">21 October 2007</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td>19,422,714</td> <td>68.95</td> <td>8,744,947</td> <td>31.05</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Turkish constitutional referendum">12 September 2010</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></td> <td>21,789,180</td> <td>57.88</td> <td>15,854,113</td> <td>42.12</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">16 April 2017</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></td> <td>25,157,025</td> <td>51.41</td> <td>23,777,091</td> <td>48.59</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> "AK PARTİ" (in all capital letters) is the self-declared abbreviation of the name of the party, as stated in Article 3 of the party charter,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> while "AKP" is mostly preferred by its opponents; the supporters prefer "AK PARTİ" since the word "ak" in Turkish means "white", "clean", or "unblemished", lending a positive impression.<a href="#cite_note-economistak-3">[3]</a> The Chief Public Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of Appeals initially used "AKP", but after an objection from the party,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> "AKP" was replaced with "Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi" (without abbreviation) in documents. </li> <li id="cite_note-Minority-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minority_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minority_126-1">b</a> Minority in the legislature. Due to the presidential system, the president does not need a majority to form a government. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-twitter-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twitter_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twitter_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/akpartyenglish">"Official outlet"</a>. Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Official+outlet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fakpartyenglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akparti.org.tr/upload/documents/tu%CC%88zu%CC%88k-2013-1.pdf">"AK PARTİ TÜZÜĞÜ"</a> [AK PARTİ STATUTES] (PDF) (in Turkish). Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi. Retrieved 23 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AK+PART%C4%B0+T%C3%9CZ%C3%9C%C4%9E%C3%9C&rft.pub=Adalet+ve+Kalk%C4%B1nma+Partisi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akparti.org.tr%2Fupload%2Fdocuments%2Ftu%25CC%2588zu%25CC%2588k-2013-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economistak-3"><a href="#cite_ref-economistak_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12273885">"Less than white?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 18 September 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Less+than+white%3F&rft.date=2008-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D12273885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haberturk.com/haber.asp?id=151231&cat=160&dt=2009/06/05">"AK Parti mi, AKP mi? (AK Parti or AKP?)"</a>. Habertürk (in Turkish). 5 June 2009. 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Retrieved 29 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recap+Of+Corruption+Scandal+In+Turkey&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Frecap-of-corruption-scandal-in-turkey-2013-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fireworks-125"><a href="#cite_ref-fireworks_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzgür_Altuncu2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özgür Altuncu (23 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/25423583.asp">"Başbakan Erdoğan Pakistan'da havai fişeklerle karşılandı"</a> [Prime Minister Erdoğan was greeted in Pakistan with fireworks]. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a> (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Ba%C5%9Fbakan+Erdo%C4%9Fan+Pakistan%27da+havai+fi%C5%9Feklerle+kar%C5%9F%C4%B1land%C4%B1&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.au=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr+Altuncu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fdunya%2F25423583.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCizre2008" class="citation book cs1">Cizre, Ümit, ed. (2008). Secular and Islamic politics in Turkey: The making of the Justice and Development Party. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secular+and+Islamic+politics+in+Turkey%3A+The+making+of+the+Justice+and+Development+Party&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCizre2012" class="citation journal cs1">Cizre, Ümit (2012). "A New Politics of Engagement: The Turkish Military, Society and the AKP". Democracy, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy%2C+Islam%2C+and+Secularism+in+Turkey&rft.atitle=A+New+Politics+of+Engagement%3A+The+Turkish+Military%2C+Society+and+the+AKP&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Cizre&rft.aufirst=%C3%9Cmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaleÖzbudun2010" class="citation book cs1">Hale, William; Özbudun, Ergun (2010). Islamism, Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey: The Case of the AKP. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamism%2C+Democracy+and+Liberalism+in+Turkey%3A+The+Case+of+the+AKP&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=%C3%96zbudun%2C+Ergun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYavuz2006" class="citation book cs1">Yavuz, M. Hakan, ed. (2006). The Emergence of a New Turkey: Islam, Democracy and the AK Parti. The University of Utah Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+a+New+Turkey%3A+Islam%2C+Democracy+and+the+AK+Parti&rft.pub=The+University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYavuz2009" class="citation book cs1">Yavuz, M. Hakan (2009). Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secularism+and+Muslim+Democracy+in+Turkey&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Yavuz&rft.aufirst=M.+Hakan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Turkey. Edinburgh University Press. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Culture+in+Contemporary+Turkey.&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press.&rft.date=2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsaboutturkey.com/2020/05/13/the-myth-of-new-turkey-kemalism-and-erdoganism-as-two-sides-of-the-same-coin/">"The Myth of 'New Turkey': Kemalism and Erdoganism as Two Sides of the Same Coin"</a>. Dr. Ceren Şengül. News About Turkey. 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Ceren+%C5%9Eeng%C3%BCl&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+%27New+Turkey%27%3A+Kemalism+and+Erdoganism+as+Two+Sides+of+the+Same+Coin&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsaboutturkey.com%2F2020%2F05%2F13%2Fthe-myth-of-new-turkey-kemalism-and-erdoganism-as-two-sides-of-the-same-coin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustice+and+Development+Party+%28Turkey%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D3%80%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="РитӀухълъиялъул ва цебетӀеялъул партия (Турция) – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="РитӀухълъиялъул ва цебетӀеялъул партия (Турция)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fdal%C9%99t_v%C9%99_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf_Partiyas%C4%B1" title="Ədalət və İnkişaf Partiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ədalət və İnkişaf Partiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عدالت و اینکیشاف حیزبی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عدالت و اینکیشاف حیزبی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="একে পার্টি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একে পার্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Партыя справядлівасці і развіцця – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Партыя справядлівасці і развіцця" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Партыя справядлівасьці і разьвіцьця (Турэччына) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партыя справядлівасьці і разьвіцьця (Турэччына)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Партия на справедливостта и развитието (Турция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Партия на справедливостта и развитието (Турция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partei_fia_Grechtigkeit_und_Entwicklung" title="Partei fia Grechtigkeit und Entwicklung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Partei fia Grechtigkeit und Entwicklung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranka_pravde_i_razvoja_(Turska)" title="Stranka pravde i razvoja (Turska) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Stranka pravde i razvoja (Turska)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_ar_Justis_hag_an_Diorren" title="Strollad ar Justis hag an Diorren – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad ar Justis hag an Diorren" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_de_la_Just%C3%ADcia_i_el_Desenvolupament" title="Partit de la Justícia i el Desenvolupament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit de la Justícia i el Desenvolupament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strana_spravedlnosti_a_rozvoje" title="Strana spravedlnosti a rozvoje – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Strana spravedlnosti a rozvoje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Cyfiawnder_a_Datblygu" title="Plaid Cyfiawnder a Datblygu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plaid Cyfiawnder a Datblygu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retf%C3%A6rdigheds-_og_Udviklingspartiet" title="Retfærdigheds- og Udviklingspartiet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Retfærdigheds- og Udviklingspartiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalet_ve_Kalk%C4%B1nma_Partisi" title="Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95igluse_ja_Arengu_Partei" title="Õigluse ja Arengu Partei – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õigluse ja Arengu Partei" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κόμμα Δικαιοσύνης και Ανάπτυξης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Δικαιοσύνης και Ανάπτυξης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_la_Justicia_y_el_Desarrollo_(Turqu%C3%ADa)" title="Partido de la Justicia y el Desarrollo (Turquía) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido de la Justicia y el Desarrollo (Turquía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalet_ve_Kalk%C4%B1nma_Partisi" title="Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justizia_eta_Garapenaren_Alderdia_(Turkia)" title="Justizia eta Garapenaren Alderdia (Turkia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Justizia eta Garapenaren Alderdia (Turkia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87" title="حزب عدالت و توسعه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب عدالت و توسعه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_de_la_justice_et_du_d%C3%A9veloppement_(Turquie)" title="Parti de la justice et du développement (Turquie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti de la justice et du développement (Turquie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irt%C3%AD_Ceartais_agus_Forbra%C3%ADochta" title="Páirtí Ceartais agus Forbraíochta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páirtí Ceartais agus Forbraíochta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0rtaidh_a%27_Cheartais_agus_Leasachadh" title="Pàrtaidh a' Cheartais agus Leasachadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàrtaidh a' Cheartais agus Leasachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%98%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EB%8B%B9_(%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88)" title="정의개발당 (튀르키예) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정의개발당 (튀르키예)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Արդարություն և զարգացում կուսակցություն (Թուրքիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արդարություն և զարգացում կուսակցություն (Թուրքիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Keadilan_dan_Pembangunan" title="Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_della_Giustizia_e_dello_Sviluppo_(Turchia)" title="Partito della Giustizia e dello Sviluppo (Turchia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito della Giustizia e dello Sviluppo (Turchia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97" title="מפלגת הצדק והפיתוח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת הצדק והפיתוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="სამართლიანობისა და განვითარების პარტია (თურქეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამართლიანობისა და განვითარების პარტია (თურქეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partiya_Dad_%C3%BB_Ge%C5%9Fedan%C3%AA" title="Partiya Dad û Geşedanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Partiya Dad û Geşedanê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_la_Djustisia_i_el_Dezvelopamiento" title="Partido de la Djustisia i el Dezvelopamiento – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Partido de la Djustisia i el Dezvelopamiento" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taisn%C4%ABbas_un_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_partija" title="Taisnības un attīstības partija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taisnības un attīstības partija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teisingumo_ir_pl%C4%97tros_partija" title="Teisingumo ir plėtros partija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teisingumo ir plėtros partija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igazs%C3%A1g_%C3%A9s_Fejl%C5%91d%C3%A9s_P%C3%A1rtja" title="Igazság és Fejlődés Pártja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Igazság és Fejlődés Pártja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Партија на правдата и развојот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Партија на правдата и развојот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ജസ്റ്റിസ് ആൻഡ് ഡെവലപ്മെന്റ് പാർട്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജസ്റ്റിസ് ആൻഡ് ഡെവലപ്മെന്റ് പാർട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حزب العداله و التنميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب العداله و التنميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="آک پارتی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آک پارتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_dan_Pembangunan_(Turki)" title="Parti Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Turki) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Turki)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partij_voor_Rechtvaardigheid_en_Ontwikkeling" title="Partij voor Rechtvaardigheid en Ontwikkeling – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Partij voor Rechtvaardigheid en Ontwikkeling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%AD%A3%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%95%E5%85%9A" title="公正発展党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="公正発展党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rettferdighets-_og_utviklingspartiet" title="Rettferdighets- og utviklingspartiet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rettferdighets- og utviklingspartiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partiet_for_rettferd_og_utvikling" title="Partiet for rettferd og utvikling – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Partiet for rettferd og utvikling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_de_la_Just%C3%ADcia_e_del_Desvolopament" title="Partit de la Justícia e del Desvolopament – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Partit de la Justícia e del Desvolopament" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolat_va_Taraqqiyot_partiyasi" title="Adolat va Taraqqiyot partiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adolat va Taraqqiyot partiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C)" title="جماعت انصاف و ترقی (ترکی) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جماعت انصاف و ترقی (ترکی)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87)" title="د عدالت او پراختیا ګوند (ترکیه) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د عدالت او پراختیا ګوند (ترکیه)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Sprawiedliwo%C5%9Bci_i_Rozwoju_(Turcja)" title="Partia Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju (Turcja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju (Turcja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_da_Justi%C3%A7a_e_Desenvolvimento_(Turquia)" title="Partido da Justiça e Desenvolvimento (Turquia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido da Justiça e Desenvolvimento (Turquia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Justi%C8%9Biei_%C8%99i_Dezvolt%C4%83rii" title="Partidul Justiției și Dezvoltării – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Justiției și Dezvoltării" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Партия справедливости и развития (Турция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Партия справедливости и развития (Турция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juistice_an_Development_Pairty_(Turkey)" title="Juistice an Development Pairty (Turkey) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Juistice an Development Pairty (Turkey)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_e_Drejt%C3%ABsis%C3%AB_dhe_Zhvillimit" title="Partia e Drejtësisë dhe Zhvillimit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Partia e Drejtësisë dhe Zhvillimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strana_spravodlivosti_a_rozvoja" title="Strana spravodlivosti a rozvoja – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Strana spravodlivosti a rozvoja" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranka_za_pravi%C4%8Dnost_in_razvoj_(Tur%C4%8Dija)" title="Stranka za pravičnost in razvoj (Turčija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stranka za pravičnost in razvoj (Turčija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xisbiga_Caddaaladda_iyo_Horumarinta" title="Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="پارتی داد و گەشەپێدان (تورکیا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارتی داد و گەشەپێدان (تورکیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Странка правде и развоја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Странка правде и развоја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranka_pravde_i_razvoja_(Turska)" title="Stranka pravde i razvoja (Turska) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stranka pravde i razvoja (Turska)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikeus_ja_kehitys_-puolue" title="Oikeus ja kehitys -puolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oikeus ja kehitys -puolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ttvise-_och_utvecklingspartiet" title="Rättvise- och utvecklingspartiet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rättvise- och utvecklingspartiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%88_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Гаделлек һәм үсеш фиркасе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гаделлек һәм үсеш фиркасе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalet_ve_Kalk%C4%B1nma_Partisi" title="Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalat_we_Galkyny%C5%9F_Parti%C3%BDasy" title="Adalat we Galkynyş Partiýasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Adalat we Galkynyş Partiýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Партія справедливості та розвитку (Туреччина) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Партія справедливості та розвитку (Туреччина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C)" title="جماعت انصاف و ترقی (ترکی) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جماعت انصاف و ترقی (ترکی)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%D8%AA_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%82%D9%82%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ئادالەت ۋە تەرەققىيات پارتىيىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئادالەت ۋە تەرەققىيات پارتىيىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_C%C3%B4ng_l%C3%BD_v%C3%A0_Ph%C3%A1t_tri%E1%BB%83n_(Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3)" title="Đảng Công lý và Phát triển (Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Công lý và Phát triển (Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E6%90%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%85%9A%EF%BC%88%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%EF%BC%89" title="正义搭发展党（土耳其） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="正义搭发展党（土耳其）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%AD%A3%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E9%BB%A8" title="公正發展黨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公正發展黨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partiya_Edalet_u_Raver%C5%9Fiyay%C4%B1%C5%9Fi" title="Partiya Edalet u Raverşiyayışi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Partiya Edalet u Raverşiyayışi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%85%9A_(%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6)" title="正义与发展党 (土耳其) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正义与发展党 (土耳其)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 February 2025, at 11:16 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> 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