Nature, Nurture, and Deep Brain Stimulation

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Dougherty, MD, MSc, features a review of the latest research on deep brain stimulation (DBS). Why would we devote an entire issue to such an experimental treatment? The answer, as one can read in this series, is because this treatment is showing increasingly positive effects both acutely and in longer-term follow-up (up "/><meta id="metaKeywords" name="keywords" content="Psychiatric Annals,Psychiatry,Editorial"/><meta id="Meta1" name="scID"/><meta id="scID" name="scID"/><meta name="PostedDate" content="2013-08-01"/> <meta name="specialties" content="Psychiatry"/> <meta name="specialty" content="Psychiatry"/> <meta name="primary_specialty" content="Psychiatry"/> <meta name="departments" content="Editorial"/> <meta name="department" content="Editorial"/> <meta name="content_type" content="Journal Article"/> <meta name="pageid" content="{6AE769EA-A512-4D5E-8C59-B69EE95CF57F}"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857im_/http://213a1ca8842e5e699a80-05ce35571e92a3f7383a191aa5840bba.r66.cf1.rackcdn.com/healio_safe_image.png"/><meta name="pubabbv" content="PsycAnn"/><meta name="authors" content="Jan Fawcett MD"/><meta name="articleid" content="{6AE769EA-A512-4D5E-8C59-B69EE95CF57F}"/><meta name="legacyarticleid" content=""/><meta name="article-title" content="Nature, Nurture, and Deep Brain Stimulation"/><meta name="article-link" content="/psychiatry/journals/psycann/{6ae769ea-a512-4d5e-8c59-b69ee95cf57f}/nature-nurture-and-deep-brain-stimulation"/><meta name="doi" content="10.3928/00485713-20130806-01"/><meta name="pubname" content="Psychiatric Annals"/><meta name="pubtype" content="print"/><meta name="author" content="Jan Fawcett, MD"/>  <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857cs_/http://c341130.r30.cf1.rackcdn.com/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>  <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857cs_/http://c341130.r30.cf1.rackcdn.com/styles2.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857cs_/http://c341130.r30.cf1.rackcdn.com/tb-ec-lb-min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen"/><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857cs_/http://0043b493b06d545127da-d7c71b4c9ba1dd44e0cf6fa474e637d7.r99.cf1.rackcdn.com/healiojobs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857cs_/http://6af4390358a281e0b439-028b17272c3ee5c2953a93a8c54187e2.r22.cf1.rackcdn.com/MediaKits.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857im_/http://213a1ca8842e5e699a80-05ce35571e92a3f7383a191aa5840bba.r66.cf1.rackcdn.com/favicon.ico"/> <style type="text/css"> #wrap:before, #wrap:after { content: " "; display: table; } #wrap:after { clear: both; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857js_/http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857js_/http://cdn.jquerytools.org/1.2.7/full/jquery.tools.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">$j = $.noConflict();</script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/thickbox-compressed.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement('script'); gads.async = true; gads.type = 'text/javascript'; var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 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mlwdCc+Cmdvb2dsZXRhZy5jbWQucHVzaChmdW5jdGlvbigpIHsKZ29vZ2xldGFnLmRpc3BsYXkoJ2Rpdi1ncHQtYWQtMTM2OTE2OTEzNDMwNi0zJyk7Cn0pOwo8L3NjcmlwdD4KPC9kaXY+CmQCBQ9kFgJmD2QWAmYPZBYCAgEPZBYCAgEPZBYCAgEPDxYCHgtOYXZpZ2F0ZVVybAUhL2Zvb3Rlci9hY2NvdW50LWluZm9ybWF0aW9uL2xvZ2luZGQCCw8WAh8ABUg8aW5wdXQgdHlwZT0iaGlkZGVuIiBpZD0ic2Vzc2lvbmlkaWQiIHZhbHVlPSJxcXZ6bnpxeDE0NDR1bXpxbW91azVuc2UiLz5kAg8PFgIfAAV+PGlucHV0IHR5cGU9ImhpZGRlbiIgaWQ9ImVycm9ybXNnIiB2YWx1ZT0iVGhpcyBzdWJzY3JpcHRpb24gaXMgY3VycmVudGx5IGluIHNlc3Npb24uIE11bHRpcGxlIHVzZXJzIGFyZSBub3QgYWxsb3dlZCBhY2Nlc3MuIi8+ZAIRD2QWAgIBD2QWAmYPFgIfAAXhATwhLS0gUHN5Y2hpYXRyeV9SdW5PZlNwZWNpYWx0eV9Cb3R0b21MZWFkZXJib2FyZCAtLT4KPGRpdiBpZD0nZGl2LWdwdC1hZC0xMzY5MTY5MTM0MzA2LTAnPgo8c2NyaXB0IHR5cGU9J3RleHQvamF2YXNjcmlwdCc+Cmdvb2dsZXRhZy5jbWQucHVzaChmdW5jdGlvbigpIHsKZ29vZ2xldGFnLmRpc3BsYXkoJ2Rpdi1ncHQtYWQtMTM2OTE2OTEzNDMwNi0wJyk7Cn0pOwo8L3NjcmlwdD4KPC9kaXY+CmQCDw8PFgIfA2dkZBgDBRtIb3Jpem9udGFsTWVudSRNdWx0aVZpZXdOYXYPD2QCAWQFKmxheW91dF8wJHNpZGViYXJiZWxvd2FkXzAkTXVsdGlWaWV3Q29udGVudA8PZAIBZAUITVZIZWFkZXIPD2RmZJ6TDzcjO6sWMlXz11xwBPCFUNl9eA8geOrh+U/0Pd6f"/> 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Stimulation</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/%7B1801f9cb-92c9-468c-b5de-d519665f6c86%7D/deep-brain-stimulation-for-obsessive-compulsive-disorder">Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ...</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/%7Baee10d8a-5b49-436f-a8ff-31293e22e3c4%7D/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-sports-related-traumatic-brain-injury">Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports-Related Traumatic Brain ...</a></li></ul></div> <input name="layout_0$maincontent_0$seeAlsoInsertUnderParagraph" type="hidden" id="layout_0_maincontent_0_seeAlsoInsertUnderParagraph" value="1"/> <div class="journals-content"><div class="journal-tab-group"><ul class="journal-tabs"><li><a href="/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/journals/psycann">Current Issue</a></li><li><a href="/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/journals/psycann/m/past-issues">Past Issues</a></li></ul><div class="journal-panes"><div class="abstract-content"><p class="kicker-top">Editorial </p><h2><a href="#">Nature, Nurture, and Deep Brain Stimulation</a></h2><p class="authors">Jan Fawcett, MD</p><div class="journal-info"><ul class="full-text"><li class="header">Read Full Text Article</li><li class="html"><a class="active" title="View Html Version" alt="View Html Version" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/{6ae769ea-a512-4d5e-8c59-b69ee95cf57f}/nature-nurture-and-deep-brain-stimulation?fulltext=1">Html Icon</a></li><li class="pdf"><a id="pdf" href="/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/~/media/Journals/PsycAnn/2013/8_August/10_3928_00485713_20130806_01/10_3928_00485713_20130806_01.pdf" class="active" title="View Pdf Version" alt="View Pdf Version" rel="nofollow">Pdf Icon</a></li></ul><ul class="article-citation"><li>Psychiatric Annals</li><li>August 2013 - Volume 43 · Issue 8: 347</li><li class="doi">DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20130806-01</li></ul></div><div class="copyrights" style="float:right;"><a onclick="RightsLinkPopUpV2();" href="#"><img alt="Rights and Permissions" title="Rights and Permissions" border="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857im_/http://213a1ca8842e5e699a80-05ce35571e92a3f7383a191aa5840bba.r66.cf1.rackcdn.com/request-permissions.gif"></img></a><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function RightsLinkPopUpV2() { var location="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857/https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=slack&publication=0048-5713&contentID=10.3928/00485713-20130806-01&publicationDate=2013&copyright=Copyright%20%26copy%3B%202013%2C%20Slack%20Inc.&title=Nature%2C%20Nurture%2C%20and%20Deep%20Brain%20Stimulation&volumeNum=43&issueNum=8&author=Jan%20Fawcett%2C%20MD%26orderBeanReset%3DTRUE"; window.open(location,'RightsLink','location=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=650,height=550'); } </script></div><div class="article-tab-group"><ul class="article-tabs"><li><a id="anchor-tab-article" href="#">Article</a></li><li class="cite-link"><a href="#" onclick="showCitation();">Get Citation</a><script type="text/javascript">function showCitation() {var w = window.open('', '', 'width=400,height=400,resizeable,scrollbars');w.document.write('Fawcett J. Nature, Nurture, and Deep Brain Stimulation. <i>Psychiatr Ann.</i> 2013; 43: 347. doi: 10.3928/00485713-20130806-01 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/{6ae769ea-a512-4d5e-8c59-b69ee95cf57f}/nature-nurture-and-deep-brain-stimulation">[link]</a>');w.document.close(); }</script></li></ul></div><div id="articleBody"><div class="ftContainer"> <div class="ftArticle"> <div class="ftAnchorFigure"><a name="x00485713-20130806-01-fig1"></a><a target="_blank" href="/web/20130928163857/http://www.healio.com/~/media/Journals/PsycAnn/2013/8_August/10_3928_00485713_20130806_01/fig1.jpg"></a></div> <p>This August’s issue of <em>Psychiatric Annals</em>, guest-edited by <strong>Darin D. Dougherty, MD, MSc,</strong> features a review of the latest research on deep brain stimulation (DBS). Why would we devote an entire issue to such an experimental treatment? The answer, as one can read in this series, is because this treatment is showing increasingly positive effects both acutely and in longer-term follow-up (up to 2 years!) in the movement toward the resolution of a multitude of treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders.</p> <p>DBS for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), reviewed by <strong>Andrew K. Corse</strong> and colleagues shows positive effects to this disorder involving similar circuits. The article on the use of DBS for treatment-resistant depression by <strong>Navneet Kaur</strong> and colleagues highlights the significance of the various brain circuits underlying depression, emphasizing the importance of circuits relating to specific neuro-anatomic structures of the brain. Experimental use of DBS for other disorders such as anorexia nervosa, a very difficult to treat disorder, as well as Tourette’s syndrome, and even Alzheimer’s disease are reviewed by <strong>Amanda R. Arulpragasam</strong> and colleagues.</p> <p>When we consider the effects of DBS, it raises so many questions: just how does stimulating various circuits in the brain remove the thoughts and feelings that are part of clinical depression or OCD? Are these circuits affecting chemical levels that have somehow gone askew? Were these aberrant circuits created by response to experiences, social forces and stresses or something else entirely? What is being normalized as depression lifts, often within the first week of stimulation? The very fact that brain stimulation dramatically changes a person’s entire outlook on life challenges us to understand this phenomenon. How can we account for this effect? The fact that it is sometimes only partially successful, raises further questions — if it is normalizing brain circuit function, why doesn’t DBS always work? The fact that this marvelous brain generates a consciousness that is affected by life experiences, gene expression, neurochemicals, and electrical circuits presents us with both opportunities and wonder. How will we ever synthesize this amazing brew?</p> <p>The mystery of human brain function and its interaction with experience and learning continues. What a wonderful mystery it is.</p> </div> </div></div><h5>Authors</h5><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857/http://cm.healio.com/%7E/media/Journals/PsycAnn/2013/2_February/10_3928_00485713_20130205_01/fig1.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857im_/http://cm.healio.com/%7E/media/Journals/PsycAnn/2013/2_February/10_3928_00485713_20130205_01/fig1.jpg" class="ftThumbnail" style="width: 150px; height: 214px;"/></a> </p> <p>Jan Fawcett, MD, a graduate of Yale University School of Medicine, is a Professor with the Department of Psychiatry at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. Prior to that, he served 30 years as the Stanley Harris, Sr. Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at Rush Medical College in Chicago. He is a co-author of the American Psychiatric Association’s Practice Guidelines Committee on the assessment and management of suicidal patients and was chairperson of the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em>, 5th edition (<em>DSM-5</em>), Mood Disorders Task Force. Dr. Fawcett maintains an active clinical practice focusing on patients with treatment-resistant major affective disorders. He  is the recipient of many awards, including the 2000 Menninger Award for research in mental health, and the Falcone Prize for affective disorders research.</p> <p>Contact Dr. Fawcett via email:  Psychiatry@Healio.com.</p><p>10.3928/00485713-20130806-01</p></div></div></div></div> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> var $artContent = $('.ftArticle').html(); $('#anchor-tab-article').click(function () { $('#articleReferences, #articleTables').hide(); $('#articleBody, #abstractPortion').show() var current = $('a.current').removeClass('current'); $(this).addClass('current'); }); </script> <div class="social-links"> <div class="fb-like" data-send="false" data-width="300" data-show-faces="true" data-action="recommend"></div> <ul class="share"> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="twitter" class="twitter-link" target="_new">Tweet</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="facebook" class="facebook-link" target="_new">Share</a></li> <li class="linkedin"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="linkedin" class="linkedin-link">Link</a></li> <li><span class="db-wrapper"><span class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-annotation="none"></span></span></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="email">Email</a></li> <li class="last"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="print">Print</a></li> </ul> <input name="layout_0$maincontent_3$articleItemForTweet" type="hidden" id="layout_0_maincontent_3_articleItemForTweet"/> </div> <div id="respond"> <h4> Comments</h4> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var idcomments_acct = 'aa6ff53f9870e40f92f83e1b5df3cddf'; var idcomments_post_id = '6ae769ea-a512-4d5e-8c59-b69ee95cf57f'; var idcomments_post_url; </script> <span id="IDCommentsPostTitle" style="display: none"></span> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163857js_/http://www.intensedebate.com/js/genericCommentWrapperV2.js"></script> <p class="comment-notes"> Healio is intended for health care provider use and all comments will be posted at the discretion of the editors. 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Nature, Nurture, and Deep Brain Stimulation | Psychiatric Annals