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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mefuta e fapaneng subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mefuta_e_fapaneng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hevea_brasiliensis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hevea_brasiliensis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hevea brasiliensis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hevea_brasiliensis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_rabara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_rabara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Vietnam rabara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_rabara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nalane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nalane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nalane</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nalane-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nalane subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nalane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thepa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thepa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Thepa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thepa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tlhahiso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tlhahiso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tlhahiso</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tlhahiso-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tlhahiso subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tlhahiso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tlamelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tlamelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tlamelo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tlamelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ho_bokella" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ho_bokella"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ho bokella</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ho_bokella-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coagula_ea_masimong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coagula_ea_masimong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Coagula ea masimong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coagula_ea_masimong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kofi_ea_senoelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kofi_ea_senoelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Kofi ea senoelo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kofi_ea_senoelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sebelisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebelisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sebelisa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebelisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rabara ea tlhaho</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 lipuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="مطاط طبيعي – Se-arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطاط طبيعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Se-arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0" title="প্ৰাকৃতিক ৰবৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰাকৃতিক ৰবৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuakautschuk" title="Natuakautschuk – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Natuakautschuk" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="প্রাকৃতিক রবার – Se-bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাকৃতিক রবার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Se-bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwber_naturiol" title="Rwber naturiol – Se-welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwber naturiol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Se-welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturkautschuk" title="Naturkautschuk – Se-jeremane" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naturkautschuk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Se-jeremane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber – Senyesemane" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Natural rubber" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Senyesemane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucho_natural" title="Caucho natural – Sespain" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caucho natural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sespain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaut%C5%A1uk" title="Kautšuk – Se-estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kautšuk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Se-estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="لاستیک طبیعی – Se-persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاستیک طبیعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Se-persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caoutchouc_naturel" title="Caoutchouc naturel – Se-french" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caoutchouc naturel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Se-french" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubar" title="Rubar – Se-irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rubar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Se-irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0" title="રબર – Se-gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રબર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Se-gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="प्राकृतिक रबर – Se-hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राकृतिक रबर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Se-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ռետին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռետին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karet_alami" title="Karet alami – Se-indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karet alami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Se-indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_sitere_n%27okike" title="Rubber sitere n'okike – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Rubber sitere n'okike" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauchuko" title="Kauchuko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kauchuko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucci%C3%B9" title="Caucciù – Se-tariana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caucciù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Se-tariana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A0" title="天然ゴム – Se-japane" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天然ゴム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Se-japane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რეზინი – Se-geogia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეზინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Se-geogia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ರಬ್ಬರು – Se-kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಬ್ಬರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Se-kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingotra_voajanahary" title="Fingotra voajanahary – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fingotra voajanahary" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC" title="സ്വാഭാവികറബ്ബർ – Se-malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വാഭാവികറബ്ബർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Se-malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Байгалийн резин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Байгалийн резин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="रबर – Se-marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रबर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Se-marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getah_asli" title="Getah asli – Se-malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Getah asli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Se-malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကော်ဖတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကော်ဖတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauczuk_naturalny" title="Kauczuk naturalny – Se-polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kauczuk naturalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Se-polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%DA%91" title="ربڑ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ربڑ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauciuc_natural" title="Cauciuc natural – Se-romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cauciuc natural" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Se-romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Натуральный каучук – Se-rushia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Натуральный каучук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Se-rushia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%BB%DA%99" title="قدرتي رٻڙ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قدرتي رٻڙ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රබර් වගාව – Se-sinhali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රබර් වගාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Se-sinhali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goma_natyrale" title="Goma natyrale – Se-albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Goma natyrale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Se-albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்கை மீள்மம் – Se-tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்கை மீள்மம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Se-tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%9C_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="సహజ రబ్బరు – Se-telegu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహజ రబ్బరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Se-telegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fal_kau%C3%A7uk" title="Doğal kauçuk – Se-theki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğal kauçuk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Se-theki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_su_t%E1%BB%B1_nhi%C3%AAn" title="Cao su tự nhiên – Se-vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cao su tự nhiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Se-vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%A9%A1%E8%83%B6" title="天然橡胶 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天然橡胶" 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le "rabara ea India" e khutlisetsa mona. Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling, bona Rubber (disundiguation).</i> </p><p><i>Sengoloa sena se bua ka "polasetiki" ea tlhaho "thepa". Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa rabara tse entsoeng ke motho, bona rabara ea Synthetic.</i> </p><p>Rabara ea tlhaho, e boetseng e bitsoang ka mabitso a mang a India rabara, latex, rabara ea Amazonia, Caucho kapa caoutchouc, joalo ka ha e hlahisitsoe qalong, e na le li-polymer tsa isoprene ea organic, e nang le litšila tse nyane tsa metsoako e meng ea tlhaho, le metsi. Thailand le Indonesia ke tse peli tse hlahisang bahlahisi ba rabara. Mefuta ea polyisoprene e sebelisoang e le li-ruble tsa tlhaho e khetholloa e le li-elastomers. </p><p>Hajoale rabara e kotuloa haholo ka sebopeho sa latex ho tsoa sefateng sa rabara kapa ho ba bang. Mokotla ke setlamo se thata, se seholo se bopehileng ka ho etsa ts'oaro ka makhapetla le ho bokella mokelikeli ka likepeng ka mokhoa o bitsoang "ho teba". Joale latex e hloekisoa ka rabara e loketseng ts'ebetso ea khoebo. Libakeng tse kholo, latex e lumelloa ho kopanya ka kopanong ea pokello. Likopu tse kopaneng li bokelloa ebe li sebetsoa ka mekhoa e omileng ea ho bapatsa. </p><p>Rabara ea tlhaho e sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong le lihlahisoa tse ngata, ekaba li le mong kapa li kopantsoe le lisebelisoa tse ling. Boholo ba mefuta ea eona e sebetsang, e na le tekanyo e kholo ea ho otlolla le ho sebetsa ka thata, 'me ha e na metsi haholo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mefuta_e_fapaneng">Mefuta e fapaneng</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hevea_brasiliensis">Hevea brasiliensis</h3></div> <p>Mohloli o moholo oa khoebo oa mofuta oa khale oa rabara ke sefate sa rabara sa Amazonia (Hevea brasiliensis), setho sa lelapa la spurge, Euphorbiaceae. Mofuta ona oa khethoa hobane o hola hantle tlasa temo. Sefate se laoloang hantle se arabela ho lema ka ho hlahisa latex e fetang lilemo tse 'maloa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_rabara">Vietnam rabara</h3></div> <p>Rabara ea Vietnam, eo pele e neng e le mohloli o moholo oa rabara, Lifate tsa Rubber tsa Vietnam li nahaneloa "gỗ cao su" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nalane">Nalane</h2></div> <p>Tšebeliso ea pele ea rabara e entsoe ke litso tsa matsoalloa a Mesoamerica. Bopaki ba khale ba ho epolloa ha lintho tsa khale ba tšebeliso ea mosi oa tlhaho oa Hevea bo tsoa moetlong oa Olmec, moo rabara e neng e sebelisoa pele ho etsa libolo bakeng sa bolo ea maoto ea Mesoamerican. Rubber e ile ea sebelisoa hamorao ke litloaelo tsa Maya le Maaztec - ho ekelletsa ho etsa libolo Maaztec a sebelisa rabara bakeng sa merero e meng e kang ho etsa lijana le ho etsa masela a sa keneleng metsi ka ho a kenya ka litlolo tsa latex. </p><p>Charles Marie de La Condamine o tsebahala ka ho hlahisa sampole ea rabara ho Académie Royale des Sayenzi tsa Fora ka 1736. Ka 1751, o ile a hlahisa pampiri ke François Fresneau ho Académie (e phatlalalitsoeng ka 1755) e hlalosang boholo ba thepa ea rabara. Sena se se se bitsoa pampiri ea pele ea mahlale ka rabara. [9] Engelane, Joseph Priestley, ka 1770, o hlokometse hore sengoathoana sa thepa e ne e le se setle haholo bakeng sa ho lahla matšoao a pensele pampiring, ke ka lebaka leo lebitso "rabara". Butle-butle e ile ea potoloha England. Ka 1764 François Fresnau o ile a fumana hore turpentine e ne e le solvent ea rabara. Giovanni Fabbroni o tsejoa ka ho sibolloa ha naphtha e le solvent ea rabara ka 1779. </p><p>Amerika Boroa e ntse e le mohloli oa mantlha oa rabara ea latex e sebelisitsoeng boholo ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Khoebo ea rabara e ne e laoloa haholo ke lithahasello tsa khoebo empa ha ho na melao e neng e thibela ka kotloloho ho tsamaisoa ha peo kapa limela. Ka 1876, Henry Wickham o ile a theola peo ea sefate sa rabara ea Amazoni e 70,000 ho tsoa Brazil mme a e isa Kew Gardens, England. Ke 2,400 feela ea ana e ileng ea mela. Joale lipeo li ile tsa romeloa India, British Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), Singapore le Brithani Malaya. Malaya (eo hona joale e leng Peninsular Malaysia) hamorao e ile ea e-ba moqapi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa rabara. </p><p>Mathoasong a 1900, Congo Free State ea Afrika le eona e ne e le mohloli oa bohlokoa oa "rabara" ea tlhaho, e neng e bokelloa haholo ke basebetsi ba qobelloang. Puso ea kolone ea Morena Leopold II e ile ea qobella ka sehlōhō ho etsa litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso. Maano a ho qobella litšupiso tsa rabara a kenyelletsa ho tlosa matsoho a bahlaseluoa ho paka hore ba bolailoe. Hangata, masole a ne a khutla litlhaselong a nkile libaskete tse tletse matsoho a khehiloeng. Metse e hanang e ile ea felisoa ho khothaletsa ho latela melao ea sebaka ka seng. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e ngata naheng ea Congo Free State ho fumana leseli le eketsehileng ka khoebo ea rabara naheng ea Congo Free State ho elella bofelong ba bo-1800 le mathoasong a bo-1900. </p><p>India, temo ea khoebo e ile ea hlahisoa ke balemi ba Borithane, leha maiteko a ho leka ho holisa rabara molemong oa khoebo a qalisoa khale ka 1873 ho Calcutta Botanical Gardens. Ho ile ha thehoa masimong a Hevea a pele ho Thattekadu, Kerala ka 1902. Lilemong tsa morao, semela se ile sa atolohela Karnataka, Tamil Nadu le Lihlekehlekeng tsa Andaman le tsa Nicobar tsa India. India kajeno ke moqapi o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa 3 le moreki e moholo oa 4. </p><p>Ho la Singapore le Malaya, tlhahiso ea khoebo e ile ea khothaletsoa haholo ke Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley, ea sebeletsang e le Motsamaisi oa pele oa Saense oa Singapore Botanic Gardens ho tloha ka 1888 ho fihlela ka 1911. O ile a tsamaisa peo ea rabara ho balemi ba bangata mme a qapa mokhoa oa pele oa ho theola lifate bakeng sa latex ntle le ho senya sefate. Ka lebaka la ho khothaletsa chai ena e matla, o ratoa haholo ke lebitso la bosoasoi "Mad Ridley". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thepa">Thepa</h3></div> <p>Rubber ("gỗ cao su")e bonts'a thepa e ikhethang ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale. Boitšoaro ba khatello ba khatello ba Rubber bo bonts'a phello ea Mullins le phello ea Payne mme hangata e etsoa e le hyperelastic. Mefuta ea Rubber e lla. </p><p>Ka lebaka la boteng ba likhoele tsa C-H tse fokolisang karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e pheta-phetoang, rabara ea tlhaho e kotsing ea ho hlaseloa hape e le ho ela hloko ho hohlana ha ozone. </p><p>Li-sol sol tse ka sehloohong tsa rabara ke turpentine le naphtha (petroleum). Hobane rabara ha e qhibilihe habonolo, thepa eo e aroloa hantle ka ho e kopanya pele e qoelisoa. </p><p>Tharollo ea ammonia e ka sebelisoa ho thibela ho putlama ha latex e tala. </p><p>Rubber e qala ho qhibiliha ka nako e ka bang 180 ° C (356 ° F). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tlhahiso">Tlhahiso</h2></div> <p>Ho ile ha hlahisoa lirabara tse fetang limilione tse 28 tsa rabara ka selemo sa 2017, tseo mohlomong tsona 47% e neng e le tlhaho. Kaha bongata bo entsoe ka bongata, bo nkiloeng ka peterole, theko ea rabara ea tlhaho e ikemiselitsoe, ho isa tekanyong e kholo, ka theko e teng lefatšeng ka bophara ea oli e sa reng letho. Asia e ne e le mohloli o ka sehloohong oa rabara ea tlhaho, e bile lipalo tse ka bang 94% ka 2005. Bahlahisi ba bararo ba kholo ka ho fetisisa, Thailand, Indonesia (lithane tse limilione tse 2,4) le Malaysia, hammoho ba etsa hoo e ka bang 72% ea tlhahiso eohle ea tlhaho ea rabara. Rabara ea tlhaho ha e lengoe hohle naheng ea eona ea matsoalloa a Amerika Boroa ka lebaka la ho hlaha ha lekhasi la Amerika Boroa blight, le tse ling tse jang tlhaho. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tlamelo">Tlamelo</h3></div> <p>Rubber latex e ntšoa lifateng tsa rabara. Nako ea bophelo ba moruo ea lifate tsa rabara masimong e batla e le lilemo tse 32 - ho fihlela lilemo tse 7 tsa karolelano ea lilemo le lilemo tse ka bang 25 tsa karolo e behang. </p><p>Tlhokahalo ea mobu e entsoe hantle, e khangoa ke mobu, e nang le mefuta ea laterite, ea morao-rao, mefuta ea mokokotlo, mobu o sa khubelu kapa o mofubelu. </p><p>Maemo a leholimo a bakeng sa kholo e nepahetseng ea lifate tsa rabara ke: </p><p>Pula e na le lisentimitara tse 250 (98 ka) ka nepo li tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang ntle le komello e nang le pula le bonyane matsatsi a 100 a pula ka selemo </p><p>Mocheso oa mocheso o ka bang 20 ho isa ho 34 ° C (68 ho isa ho 93 ° F), o nang le moelelo oa khoeli le khoeli oa 25 ho isa ho 28 ° C (77 ho isa ho 82 ° F) </p><p>Mongobo oa Atmospheric oa hoo e ka bang 80% </p><p>Hoo e ka bang lihora tse 2000 khanya ea letsatsi ka selemo ka tekanyo ea lihora tse tšeletseng ka letsatsi ho pholletsa le selemo </p><p>Ho ba sieo ha meea e matla </p><p>Mehala e mengata e fanang ka chai e phahameng e entsoe molemong oa ho lema. Li-clones tsena li hlahisa li-kilos tse fetang 2 000 ka hektare (1,800 lb / acre) ea rabara e ommeng ka selemo, tlasa maemo a matle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ho_bokella">Ho bokella</h3></div> <p>Mosali oa Sri Lanka ea kotulang rabara, c. 1920 </p><p>Libakeng tse kang Kerala le Sri Lanka moo likokonate li le ngata haholo, halofo ea khokonate e ne e sebelisoa e le sejana sa pokello ea latex. Lipitsa tsa letsopa tse khabisitsoeng kapa aluminium kapa polasetiki li ile tsa ata haholo ho la Kerala le linaheng tse ling. Likopi li tšehelitsoe ke terata e potileng sefate. Terata ena e kenyelletsa seliba kahoo e ka otloloha ha sefate se ntse se hola. Mokotla o lebisoa ka senoelong ke "spout" ea "galvan" e kentsoeng ka lekhapetleng. Ho kopanya hangata ho etsahala hoseng., Ha khatello ea kahare ea sefate e phahame haholo. Tapper e ntle e ka phunya sefate metsotsoaneng e meng le e meng e 20 ka ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng ea halofo ea moea, 'me boholo bo tloaelehileng ba "mosebetsi" bo pakeng tsa lifate tse 450 le 650. Lifate hangata li tlangoa ka matsatsi a mang kapa a boraro, leha ho ntse ho sebelisoa mekhoa e mengata ho lekantsoeng ha nako, bolelele le palo ea likhahla. "Li-tappers li ne li ka roala lekhapetla ka sekepe se tšesaane. Lits'oaetso tsena tse thellang li ile tsa lumella li-latex hore li phalle litsing tse fumanehang kantle kapa mokokotlo oa" bark "oa sefate. Hobane cambium e laola kholo ea sefate. kholo e emisa haeba e khaotsoe. Kahoo, thepha ea rabara e hloka ho nepahala, e le hore litheko li se ke tsa ba ngata haholo ha li fuoa boholo ba sefate, kapa tse tebileng haholo, tse ka sitisang kholo ea tsona kapa ea e bolaea. " </p><p>Ho tloaelehile ho penta mochini bonyane habeli, ka linako tse ling makhetlo a mararo, nakong ea bophelo ba sefate. Bophelo ba moruo ba sefate bo ipapisitse le hore theipi e etsoa hantle hakae, kaha ntho ea bohlokoa ke tšebeliso ea makhapetla. Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea Malaysia bakeng sa ho omanya letsatsi le leng le le leng ke lisenthimithara tse 25 (halofo) ka selemo. Methapo e nang le lipalesa tsa latex ka makhapetla e nyoloha ka sekhahla ho ea ka ho le letona. Ka lebaka lena, hangata ho kuta ho poma hangata ho nyolohela ka letsohong le letšehali ho khaola li-tubes tse eketsehileng. </p><p>Lifate li theola latex hoo e ka bang lihora tse 'ne,' me li emisa joalo ka tlhaho ha li thepa, 'me ka tsela eo li thiba likhaba tsa borashe ka makhapetla. Hangata li-tappers lia phomola ebe li ja ka mor'a ho qeta mosebetsi oa tsona oa ho theha, ebe li qala ho bokella "latex" ea metsi nakong ea mots'eare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coagula_ea_masimong">Coagula ea masimong</h3></div> <p>Khoele e nyane setsing sa feme </p><p>Mefuta e mene ea li-coagula tsa masimong ke "kapu", "treelace", "hlaba" le ba mosesane ". E mong le e mong o na le thepa e fapaneng haholo. [30] Lifate tse ling li tsoela pele ho thekesela kamora pokello e lebisang ho palo e nyane ea "hlama ea senoelo" e bokelloang ho pompo e latelang. Mokotla o kopanang le sehiloeng o boetse o bokelloa e le "sefate sa sefate". Lesela la sefate le senoelo sa senoelo se ikopanya bakeng sa 10-20% ea rabara e ommeng e hlahisitsoeng. Latex e kenellang mobung, "chaka", e boetse e bokelloa nako le nako bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa se tlase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kofi_ea_senoelo">Kofi ea senoelo</h3></div> <p>Khaba coagula ea rabara e nang le leqhetsoana ka seterateng sa Myanmar. </p><p>Sekhahla sa senoelo ke lintho tse kopilitsoeng tse fumanoeng ka har'a senoelo sa pokello ha sejana se tloha se etela sefate ho e tlanya hape. E hlaha ho tloha borashe bo khokhothela marakong a senoelo kamora hore moqomo o qetelle o tšeloe ka sekotjaneng, mme ho tloha ho mosesisi oa morao-rao o ile a lelekoa pele likepe tse tsamaisang borui tsa sefate li koaloa. E na le bohloeki bo phahameng ebile e bohlokoa ho feta mefuta e meng e meraro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sebelisa">Sebelisa</h2></div> <p>Rabara e sa koaeloang e sebelisetsoa likhoele; bakeng sa litheipi tse khomarelang, tse khothatsang, le tsa likhohlano; le bakeng sa rabara ea crepe e sebelisitsoeng ho kenya liaparo le liaparo tsa maoto. Rabara ea Vulcanised e na le likopo tse ling tse ngata. Ho hana ho tlatlapa ho etsa hore mefuta ea rabara e bobebe e be ea bohlokoa bakeng sa likharetene tsa koloi le mabanta a li-conveyor, 'me e etsa rabara e thata bakeng sa thepa ea pompo le lipeipi tse sebelisoang ho sebetsana le ho thellisa ho thellisang. </p><p>Ho fetoha ha rabara ho ipiletsa ka hoses, lithaoleng le li-roller bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tsoang ho liaparo tsa malapeng ho ea ho mechini ea khatiso; botumo ba eona bo etsa hore e tšoanelehe ka mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea menyakoe e makatsang le bakeng sa mechini e ikhethang e etselitsoeng ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha. Ho kenella ha peterole ho lekana ho etsa hore e be bohlokoa ha ho etsoa lingoliloeng tse kang li-hoses tsa moea, libalune, libolo le lilakane. Ho hana ha rabara ho metsi le ketso ea lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tse phallang ho lebisitse ho ts'ebeliso ea liaparo tsa pula, lijana tsa ho thula, le lefutso la lik'hemik'hale le meriana, le joalo ka lesela la litanka tsa polokelo, lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa le likoloi tsa terene ea terene. Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha bona ka motlakase, thepa ea rabara e bonolo e sebelisoa e le sekoaelo le bakeng sa liatlana tse sireletsang, lieta le likobo; rabara e thata e sebelisoa bakeng sa lingoliloeng tse kang matlo a mohala, likarolo bakeng sa sete ea radio, limithara le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa motlakase. Ho lekana ha moferefere oa rabara, o phahameng holim'a libaka tse omeletseng ebile o le tlase libakeng tse metsi, ho lebisa ts'ebelisong ea ona ea belting le phepelo ea metsi ka lipompong tse nang le metsi a mangata. Mabolo a rabara a India kapa libolo tsa lacrosse li entsoe ka rabara. </p><p>Hoo e ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 25 tsa rabara li hlahisoa selemo se seng le se seng, 'me karolo ea 30 lekholong ke ea tlhaho. Se setseng ke rabara ea maiketsetso e nkiloeng mehloling ea petrochemical. Phello e holimo ea tlhahiso ea latex e fella ka lihlahisoa tsa latex tse kang liatlana tsa bongaka, likhohlopo, libalune le lihlahisoa tse ling tse theko e phahameng haholo. Bohareng bo bohareng bo hlahisoang ka thepa ea tlhaho ea rabara e boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa e qetella e le lithaoleng empa hape le ka mabanta a tsamaisang thepa, lihlahisoa tsa metsing, wipers ea moea le thepa e ferekaneng. Rabara ea tlhaho e fana ka elasticity e ntle, ha lisebelisoa tsa maiketsetso li fana ka ho hanyetsa hofihlela lintho tsa tikoloho joalo ka oli, mocheso, lik'hemik'hale le khanya ea ultraviolet. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920065258/https://www.phoigocaosu.com/go-cao-su-co-tot-khong/">gỗ cao su</a>" ke rabara e kopantsoeng le ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong ea litšila ho theha li-link tsa sefapano kahare ho matrix a rabara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <p>Mokotla oa rabara oa tlhaho o romelloa ho tloha lifekthering Asia boroa-bochabela, Amerika Boroa, le Bophirima le Center Africa ho ea libakeng tse potoloha le lefatše. Ha litšenyehelo tsa rabara ea tlhaho li nyolohile haholo 'me lihlahisoa tsa rabara li le boima, ho khethoa mekhoa ea ho tsamaisa e theko e tlase haholo ka boima ba unit. Ho ipapisitsoe le sebaka seo u eang ho sona, sebaka sa ho boloka thepa, le maemo a lipalangoang, mekhoa e meng e khethoa ke bareki ba bang. Khoebong ea machabeng, rabara ea latex e romelloa haholo ka lijana tsa maoto a maoto a 20. Ka har'a setshelo, ho sebelisoa lijana tse nyane ho boloka mokokotlo. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">E tswa ho "<a dir="ltr" href="https://st.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabara_ea_tlhaho&oldid=30323">https://st.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabara_ea_tlhaho&oldid=30323</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Leqephe lena le qetetse ho fetoloa ka 17 Motsheanong 2024 , ka 00:49 .</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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