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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Former lyrics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_lyrics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Former lyrics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Former_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lyrics_during_Alfonso_XIII's_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyrics_during_Alfonso_XIII's_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lyrics during Alfonso XIII's reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyrics_during_Alfonso_XIII's_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franco-era_lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franco-era_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Franco-era lyrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franco-era_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation_and_etiquette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation_and_etiquette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Interpretation and etiquette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretation_and_etiquette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcha Real</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="نشيد إسبانيا الوطني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نشيد إسبانيا الوطني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD" title="Испаналъул гимн – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Испаналъул гимн" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniyan%C4%B1n_himni" title="İspaniyanın himni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İspaniyanın himni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Испания гимны – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Испания гимны" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Гімн Іспаніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гімн Іспаніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Гімн Гішпаніі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гімн Гішпаніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химн на Испания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химн на Испания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxa_Reial" title="Marxa Reial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marxa Reial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsk%C3%A1_hymna" title="Španělská hymna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Španělská hymna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BB" title="Μάρτσα Ρεάλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάρτσα Ρεάλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errege_Martxa" title="Errege Martxa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errege Martxa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سرود ملی اسپانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرود ملی اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="스페인의 국가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인의 국가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Իսպանիայի օրհներգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանիայի օրհներգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93" title="המנון ספרד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המנון ספרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთის ჰიმნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპანეთის ჰიმნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Испания әнұраны – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Испания әнұраны" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%C3%BBda_netewey%C3%AE_ya_Spanyay%C3%AA" title="Sirûda neteweyî ya Spanyayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sirûda neteweyî ya Spanyayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanijos_himnas" title="Ispanijos himnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ispanijos himnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyolorsz%C3%A1g_himnusza" title="Spanyolország himnusza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spanyolország himnusza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88" title="Кралски марш – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кралски марш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89" title="نشيد اسبانيا الوطنى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نشيد اسبانيا الوطنى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%B2%E6%9B%B2" title="国王行進曲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国王行進曲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn_Hiszpanii" title="Hymn Hiszpanii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hymn Hiszpanii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Гимн Испании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гимн Испании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn_Szpa%C5%84ije" title="Hymn Szpańije – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hymn Szpańije" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Химна Шпаније – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Химна Шпаније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_real/Bar%C3%A9se" title="Marcha real/Barése – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Marcha real/Barése" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="มาร์ชาเรอัล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาร์ชาเรอัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Гімн Іспанії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гімн Іспанії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="皇家进行曲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皇家进行曲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Marcha Real" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispan%C4%97j%C4%97s_gimnos" title="Ispanėjės gimnos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ispanėjės gimnos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="皇家進行曲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皇家進行曲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130940#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National anthem of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Royal March" redirects here. For the former Italian anthem, see <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Reale" title="Marcia Reale"><i>Marcia Reale</i></a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Viva España" redirects here. For the song also known as Y Viva España or Que Viva España, see <a href="/wiki/Eviva_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Eviva España">Eviva España</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title infobox-anthem-caption"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">English: Royal March</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Marcha_Granadera_(1761).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/La_Marcha_Granadera_%281761%29.jpg/220px-La_Marcha_Granadera_%281761%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/La_Marcha_Granadera_%281761%29.jpg/330px-La_Marcha_Granadera_%281761%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/La_Marcha_Granadera_%281761%29.jpg/440px-La_Marcha_Granadera_%281761%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="546" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1761 sheet music</div></td></tr><tr style="font-weight:bold;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />National anthem of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data">"<span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">La Marcha Granadera</span></span>" (English: "The Grenadier March")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_de_Espinosa_de_los_Monteros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros (page does not exist)">Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_de_Espinosa_de_los_Monteros" class="extiw" title="es:Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros">es</a>]</span>, 1761<span class="noprint">; 263 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1761</span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolom%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Casas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolomé Pérez Casas (page does not exist)">Bartolomé Pérez Casas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Casas" class="extiw" title="es:Bartolomé Pérez Casas">es</a>]</span> (orchestration, 1908), <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Grau" title="Francisco Grau">Francisco Grau</a> (harmonization, 1997)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 1770</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Readopted</th><td class="infobox-data">1823, 1874, July 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relinquished</th><td class="infobox-data">7 April 1822, 1873, 9 December 1931</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #E6E8FA">Audio sample</th></tr><tr class="haudio"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em"><div style="display:inline-block;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="54" data-mwtitle="Himno_Nacional_de_España.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Himno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg/Himno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Himno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHimno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHimno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=ceb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ceb" label="Cebuano ‪(ceb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHimno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=dv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dv" label="ދިވެހިބަސް ‪(dv)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHimno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHimno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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/></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="description"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span> (instrumental)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Himno_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a.ogg" title="File:Himno Nacional de España.ogg">file</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">help</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcha_Real_(1915).ogg" title="File:Marcha Real (1915).ogg">1915 recording</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="173" data-mwtitle="Marcha_Real_(1915).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Marcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Marcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg/Marcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg&lang=am&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="am" label="አማርኛ ‪(am)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real_%281915%29.ogg&lang=hy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hy" label="հայերեն ‪(hy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">1915 rendition recorded at <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Records" title="Odeon Records">Odeon Records</a>, Barcelona</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg" title="File:Marcha Real-Royal March by US Navy Band.ogg">1998 recording</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg/Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština 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srclang="ext" label="estremeñu ‪(ext)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=fi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fi" label="suomi ‪(fi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=hi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hi" label="हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ro&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română ‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=sk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sk" label="slovenčina ‪(sk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina ‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ta&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ta" label="தமிழ் ‪(ta)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ug-arab&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ug-Arab" label="ئۇيغۇرچە ‪(ug-arab)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ur&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ur" label="اردو ‪(ur)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">1998 rendition performed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Band" title="United States Navy Band">United States Navy Band</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The <b><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈmaɾtʃa<span class="wrap"> </span>reˈal]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Royal March</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. It is one of only four national anthems in the world – along with those of <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inno_Nazionale_della_Repubblica" class="mw-redirect" title="Inno Nazionale della Repubblica">San Marino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a> – that have no official lyrics.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although many different lyrics have been made for it in the past, it has never had official lyrics as a national anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="136" data-mwtitle="Marcha_Real-_recorded_in_year_1998.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Marcha_Real-_recorded_in_year_1998.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Marcha_Real-_recorded_in_year_1998.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/Marcha_Real-_recorded_in_year_1998.ogg/Marcha_Real-_recorded_in_year_1998.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>A 1960s rendition to La Marcha Real the National anthem of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the oldest in the world, the Spanish national anthem was first printed in a document dated 1761 and entitled <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Libro de la Ordenanza de los Toques de Pífanos y Tambores que se tocan nuevamente en la Ynfantª Española</i></span> (<i>Book of the Ordinance of Newly Played Military <a href="/wiki/Fife_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife (musical instrument)">Fife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">Drum</a> Calls by The Spanish Infantry</i>), by Manuel de Espinosa. There, it is entitled <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La Marcha Granadera</i></span> (English: <span lang="en">March of the <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">Grenadiers</a></span>). According to the document, Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros is the composer. </p><p>There is a misconception that its author was <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">Frederick II of Prussia</a>, a great lover of music. That mistaken belief arose in 1861 when it was published as fact in the periodical <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La España militar</i></span> (<i>Military Spain</i>). In 1864, Col. Antonio Vallecillo published the story in the diary <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">El Espíritu Público</i></span> (<i>The Public Spirit</i>), claiming a supposed Prussian origin for <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span>. According to Vallecillo, the anthem was a gift from Frederick II to the <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_%C3%81lvarez_de_Sotomayor" title="Martín Álvarez de Sotomayor">Count of Colomera</a>, who was serving in the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Court">Prussian Court</a> to learn the military tactics developed by Frederick II's army, under orders of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a>. In 1868, this spurious history was published in <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Los Sucesos</i></span>, changing the beneficiary of the gift to the <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Abarca_de_Bolea,_10th_Count_of_Aranda" title="Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, 10th Count of Aranda">Count of Aranda</a>. The myth was picked up in different publications of 1884 and 1903 until it was included in 1908 in the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_universal_ilustrada_europeo-americana" title="Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana">Enciclopedia Espasa</a></i></span>. </p><p>In 1770, Charles III declared the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha de Granaderos</i></span> the official Honor March, an act that formalized the tradition of playing it in public, especially on solemn occasions. It became the official Spanish anthem during <a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel II of Spain">Isabel II</a>'s reign. </p><p>In 1870, after the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">1868 Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Prim,_1st_Count_of_Reus" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Prim, 1st Count of Reus">General Juan Prim</a> organized a national contest to create a new official state anthem, and a jury consisting of three well-known composers was chosen to designate a winning entry. Although over 400 compositions were submitted, including those written by the young composers <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Bret%C3%B3n" title="Tomás Bretón">Tomás Bretón</a>, a new anthem was never selected. After extensive deliberations, the jury had advised that <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha de Granaderos</i></span> was already considered the country's official anthem, and the contest was suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-Caminero2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caminero2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a>'s time, the Royal Circular Order of 27 August 1908 established the musical score orchestrated by Bartolomé Pérez Casas, Superior musician of the Royal Corps of Halberdier Guards, as the official version; it is known traditionally as the <i>Grenadier March</i> or the <i>Royal Spanish March</i>. During the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a> the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Himno_de_Riego" title="Himno de Riego">Himno de Riego</a></i></span> was adopted as the anthem of the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-Mateos2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateos2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current symphonic version of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span> that replaced the Pérez Casas one was written by maestro <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Grau" title="Francisco Grau">Francisco Grau</a> and is the official one after the Royal Decree of 10 October 1997, when the Kingdom of Spain bought the author rights of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span>, then belonging to Pérez Casas's heirs. According to the Royal Decree 1560/1997, it should be in the key of B-flat major and a tempo of 76 bpm (♩=76), with a form of AABB and a duration of 52 seconds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_version">Current version</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current official version of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span>, as described in Royal Decree 1560/1997,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a sixteen-bar long phrase, divided in two sections, each one is made up of four repeated bars (AABB form). Tempo is set to ♩= 76 and key to B-flat. </p><p>The long, complete version is the <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honors music">honors music</a> for the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King</a>, while a shorter version without the repetitions is performed for the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess of Asturias">Princess of Asturias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Government of Spain">President of the Government of Spain</a>, or during sporting events. </p><p>There are also three official arrangements: one for orchestra, another for military band, and a third for organ, written by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Grau" title="Francisco Grau">Francisco Grau</a> and requested by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a>. All in all, there are six different official adaptations, for each arrangement and length. They all were recorded by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Orchestra" title="Spanish National Orchestra">Spanish National Orchestra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Musical_Unit_of_the_Spanish_Royal_Guard" title="Musical Unit of the Spanish Royal Guard">Spanish Royal Guard Band</a> as an official recording and released on <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> for a limited period of time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_issues">Copyright issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Copyright issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the harmonisation of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span> was written by Pérez Casas in the early 20th century, the copyright has not yet expired. The government bought it from Pérez Casas' estate in 1997 for 130 million <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">pesetas</a> (781,315.734 <a href="/wiki/Euros" class="mw-redirect" title="Euros">euros</a>) to avoid future legal problems.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until it expires, the copyright belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Culture (Spain)">Ministry of Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collecting_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Collecting society">collecting societies</a> charge copyright fees, which has led to criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result, many different harmonisations have been devised by performers to avoid paying. Nonetheless, the rights to the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Grau" title="Francisco Grau">Francisco Grau</a> revision were transferred to the government at no charge, but they were not placed in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 465.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 463.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf" class="mw-file-description" title="Piano sheet music of Marcha Real"><img alt="Piano sheet music of Marcha Real" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf/page1-695px-Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="464" height="600" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf/page1-1043px-Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf/page1-1391px-Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piano sheet music of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lyrics">Lyrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span> has no official lyrics, words have been written and used for it in the past. One version was used during <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XIII of Spain">Alfonso XIII</a>'s reign and another during the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist State</a>; however, none of them were ever made official. The national anthem has been played without words since 1978 when lyrics that had been approved by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">General Francisco Franco</a> were abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally the Francoist lyrics have been erroneously performed after their abandonment.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyrics_competition">Lyrics competition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lyrics competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After witnessing a rendition of "<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Never_Walk_Alone" title="You'll Never Walk Alone">You'll Never Walk Alone</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Anfield" title="Anfield">Anfield</a> in 2007, the President of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Olympic_Committee" title="Spanish Olympic Committee">Spanish Olympic Committee</a> (COE), Alejandro Blanco, said he felt inspired to seek lyrics to <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La Marcha Real</i></span> ahead of <a href="/wiki/Madrid_bid_for_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Madrid bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics">Madrid's bid</a> to host the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year <a href="/wiki/Telecinco" title="Telecinco">Telecinco</a>, enticed by the COE, organized a national contest and posted 25 different lyrics on their website which they thought best matched COE's requirements. The winner was chosen, although only 40,000 people voted. The lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Hern%C3%A1ndez-Luike" title="Enrique Hernández-Luike">Enrique Hernández-Luike</a>, magazine publisher and poet, spoke of freedom, peace and the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winning lyrics were sung by the Ronda de Aranzueque choir in Pastrana, and filmed by German television.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the COE organized a new competition for the lyrics, which resulted in between 2,000 and 7,000 entries (depending on source). A private team of jurors chose the entry by Paulino Cubero, then unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new lyrics received criticism, resulting in them being pulled only five days later, and the idea was scrapped indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities of Spain</a> have their <a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain">own regional anthems</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_lyrics">Former lyrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Former lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyrics_during_Alfonso_XIII's_reign"><span id="Lyrics_during_Alfonso_XIII.27s_reign"></span>Lyrics during Alfonso XIII's reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lyrics during Alfonso XIII's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These lyrics were written by <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Marquina" title="Eduardo Marquina">Eduardo Marquina</a> (1879–1946) on the occasion of Alfonso XIII's silver wedding anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were never made official.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div lang="es" style="margin-right:2em; float:left;" class="poem"> <p><b>La bandera de España</b> (Coro)<br /> Gloria, gloria, corona de la Patria,<br /> soberana luz<br /> que es oro en tu Pendón.<br /> Vida, vida, futuro de la Patria,<br /> que en tus ojos es<br /> abierto corazón...!<br /> Púrpura y oro: bandera inmortal;<br /> en tus colores, juntas, carne y alma están.<br /> Púrpura y oro: querer y lograr;<br /> Tú eres, bandera, el signo del humano afán.<br /> <br /> <b>España guiadora</b> (Solo)<br /> ¡Pide, España! ¡Tu nombre llevaremos<br /> donde quieras tú;<br /> que honrarlo es nuestra ley!<br /> ¡Manda, España, y unidos lucharemos,<br /> porque vivas tú,<br /> sin tregua pueblo y rey!<br /> Una bandera gloriosa nos das;<br /> ¡nadie, viviendo, España, nos la arrancará!<br /> Para que, un día, nos pueda cubrir,<br /> ¡danos, España, el gozo de morir por ti!<br /> <br /> <b>¡Viva España!...</b> (Coro)<br /> ¡Viva España! Del grito de la Patria,<br /> la explosión triunfal<br /> abrió camino al sol;<br /> ¡Viva España! repiten veinte pueblos<br /> y al hablar dan fe<br /> del ánimo español...<br /> ¡Marquen arado martillo y clarín<br /> su noble ritmo al grito de la Patria fe!<br /> ¡Guíe la mente a la mano hasta el fin,<br /> al "Viva España" asista toda España en pie! </p> </div> <div style="float:left;" class="poem"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Flag of Spain</a></b> (Chorus)<br /> Glory, glory, crown of the Fatherland<br /> sovereign light<br /> which in your standard is gold.<br /> Life, life, future of the Fatherland,<br /> in your eyes it is<br /> an open heart<br /> Purple and gold: immortal flag;<br /> in your colors, together, flesh and soul are.<br /> Purple and gold: to want and to achieve;<br /> You are, flag, the sign of human effort.<br /> <br /> <b>Spain guiding</b> (Solo)<br /> Ask of us, Spain! Your name we will take<br /> anywhere you want;<br /> because honoring it is our law!<br /> Command us, Spain, and united we will fight,<br /> so that you may live,<br /> relentless people and king!<br /> You give us a glorious flag;<br /> Nobody, who is alive, Spain, will take it from us!<br /> So that, one day, we can be covered by it,<br /> Give us, Spain, the joy of dying for you!<br /> <br /> <b>Long live Spain! ...</b> (Chorus)<br /> Long live Spain! The cry of the Fatherland,<br /> the triumphant explosion<br /> Has opened the way to the sun;<br /> Long live Spain! repeated twenty peoples<br /> and when they speak they have faith<br /> in the Spanish will ...<br /> Mark plow hammer and bugle<br /> your noble rhythm at the cry of the Fatherland faith!<br /> Guide the mind and the hand until the end,<br /> the "Long Live Spain" Spain attends all standing! </p> </div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franco-era_lyrics">Franco-era lyrics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Franco-era lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lyrics were adapted from an earlier version on 1928 written by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pem%C3%A1n" title="José María Pemán">José María Pemán</a> (1897–1981) during the reign of Alfonso XIII and the government of Miguel Primo de Rivera.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes, made by Peman himself, intended to fit the symbols of the extreme <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> ideology of <a href="/wiki/General_Francisco_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="General Francisco Franco">General Francisco Franco</a>, referred to as <a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a>, which were the "salute with the extended right arm" and the "<a href="/wiki/Yoke_and_arrows" title="Yoke and arrows">yoke and arrows</a>". The yoke and arrows were the appropriated symbol of <a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a> in Spain. </p><p>There were no singular official lyrics at the time,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though they became popular in certain contexts. In fact, the school textbook "Enciclopedia Álvarez" featured different lyrics that were taught to children.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation_and_etiquette">Interpretation and etiquette</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Interpretation and etiquette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Marcha_Real" title="Special:EditPage/Marcha Real">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">Military bands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Corps of Spain">National Police Corps of Spain</a> and civilian <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">Marching bands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">Concert bands</a> play the B flat-major version of the anthem adapted for wind bands (as arranged by Francisco Grau), and playing the A major version is optional. </p><p>The bugle call <i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Colors" class="mw-redirect" title="To the Colors">To the Colors</a></i> in Spain is the version played by <a href="/wiki/Fanfare_band" title="Fanfare band">Bugle bands</a> in Spanish churches in religious occasions and processions organized by civil groups and the parishes. Various versions adapted for the drum and the bugle are used, even though brass instruments play the anthem as well. But in some bugle bands, the A flat version of the anthem (the old official one, adapted for the bugle) is played. Only a bugle call is sounded when the B flat version is played. </p><p>Being the national anthem, and played in honor of the King and the Queen of Spain, it is common for all to stand once it is played. Even though it is also played in church events, respect for the royal family is required by everyone in attendance; civilians stand at attention, and those in uniform salute when not in formation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain">Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.europeanasounds.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/partitura1-700x546.jpg">https://www.europeanasounds.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/partitura1-700x546.jpg</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalanthems.me/spain-marcha-real/">"Spain – Marcha Real"</a>. NationalAnthems.me<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(January 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/elpais/2008/01/16/actualidad/1200475018_850215.html">"El himno de España vuelve a quedarse sin letra"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Grupo_PRISA" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo PRISA">Grupo PRISA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=El+himno+de+Espa%C3%B1a+vuelve+a+quedarse+sin+letra&rft.date=2008-01-16&rft.au=Garrido%2C+H%C3%A9ctor+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Felpais%2F2008%2F01%2F16%2Factualidad%2F1200475018_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcha+Real" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/archivo/periodicos/abc-madrid-19270517-3.html">"ABC MADRID 17-05-1927 página 3 - Archivo ABC"</a>. <i>abc</i>. August 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abc&rft.atitle=ABC+MADRID+17-05-1927+p%C3%A1gina+3+-+Archivo+ABC&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Farchivo%2Fperiodicos%2Fabc-madrid-19270517-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcha+Real" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Marcha_Real_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pem%C3%A1n)" class="extiw" title="es:s:Marcha Real de España (José María Pemán)">Marcha Real de España (José María Pemán)</a>. (Original text in Spanish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924072108/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/12143855329039384654435/005073.pdf">Dramatización sobre <i>El Florido Pensil</i></a>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Sope%C3%B1a_Monsalve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrés Sopeña Monsalve (page does not exist)">Andrés Sopeña Monsalve</a>, Barcelona, Crítica, 1994, ISBN 84-7423-673-8</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csd.gob.es/csd/informacion/himno-nacional/"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">El Himno Nacional Español se encuentra regulado por el Real Decreto 1.560/1997, de 10 de Octubre</i></span></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/espana/simbolosdelestado/Paginas/audiohimno.aspx">The National Anthem (Prime Minister's Office site)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalanthems.me/spain-marcha-real/">Streaming audio, lyrics and information about the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marcha Real</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm">2008 Spanish National Anthem Lyrics in English</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713022816/http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm">Archived</a> 2014-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_spanish.htm">in Spanish</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713014646/http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_spanish.htm">Archived</a> 2014-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050415095901/http://www.lengua-translations.de/anthems/spain.mid">MIDI File</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.partidopopular.us/simbolos/espana.mp3">MP3 version by Band of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Regimento Inmemorial del Rey N°1</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041022192532/http://www.unamu.org/musica/espanola/himnonacional.htm">UNANU</a> – The <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Union Nacional de Antiguos Oficiales y Suboficiales de las Milicias Universitarias</i></span> has a website about the anthem, with a complete instrumental version. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unamu.org/musica/espanola/himnonacional.htm">the original</a> on 22 October 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm">English translation of the proposed new lyrics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713022816/http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm">Archived</a> 2014-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem">Anthems</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_gran_Carlemany" title="El gran Carlemany">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer_Hayrenik" title="Mer Hayrenik">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Austria" title="National anthem of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycan_mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Azərbaycan marşı">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Belarusy" title="My Belarusy">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Braban%C3%A7onne" title="La Brabançonne">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_Rodino" title="Mila Rodino">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj" title="Kde domov můj">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthems_of_Denmark" title="National anthems of Denmark">Denmark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Der_er_et_yndigt_land" title="Der er et yndigt land">Der er et yndigt land</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kong_Christian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast" title="Kong Christian stod ved højen mast">Kong Christian stod ved højen mast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavisupleba" title="Tavisupleba">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himnusz" title="Himnusz">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofs%C3%B6ngur" title="Lofsöngur">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann" title="Amhrán na bhFiann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%C4%B1%C3%B1_Qazaqstanym" title="Menıñ Qazaqstanym">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dievs,_sv%C4%93t%C4%AB_Latviju!" title="Dievs, svētī Latviju!">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oben_am_jungen_Rhein" title="Oben am jungen Rhein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesm%C4%97" title="Tautiška giesmė">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ons_Heemecht" title="Ons Heemecht">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Innu_Malti" title="L-Innu Malti">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_noastr%C4%83" title="Limba noastră">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymne_mon%C3%A9gasque" title="Hymne monégasque">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oj,_svijetla_majska_zoro" title="Oj, svijetla majska zoro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denes_nad_Makedonija" title="Denes nad Makedonija">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja,_vi_elsker_dette_landet" title="Ja, vi elsker dette landet">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Is_Not_Yet_Lost" title="Poland Is Not Yet Lost">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Portuguesa" title="A Portuguesa">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De%C8%99teapt%C4%83-te,_rom%C3%A2ne!" title="Deșteaptă-te, române!">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inno_Nazionale_della_Repubblica" class="mw-redirect" title="Inno Nazionale della Repubblica">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEe_pravde" title="Bože pravde">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nad_Tatrou_sa_bl%C3%BDska" title="Nad Tatrou sa blýska">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Slovenia" title="National anthem of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_gamla,_du_fria" title="Du gamla, du fria">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Ukraine" title="National anthem of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Anthem" title="Pontifical Anthem">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories,<br />dependencies,<br />other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UnitedKingdom" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_anthems" title="List of British anthems">United<br />Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_England" title="National anthem of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Northern_Ireland" title="National anthem of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Scotland" title="National anthem of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem" title="Gibraltar Anthem">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarnia_Cherie" title="Sarnia Cherie">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrane_Ashoonagh_Vannin" title="Arrane Ashoonagh Vannin">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Home_(anthem)" title="Island Home (anthem)">Jersey</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro_Goth_agan_Tasow" title="Bro Goth agan Tasow">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lincolnshire_Poacher" title="The Lincolnshire Poacher">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_by_the_Sea" title="Sussex by the Sea">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vly_be_on_the_Turmut" title="The Vly be on the Turmut">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Ilkla_Moor_Baht_%27at" title="On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at">Yorkshire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Adygea" title="State Anthem of Adygea">Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Anthem of Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Bashkortostan" title="State Anthem of Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatlak%27s_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatlak's Song">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Chuvashia" title="State Anthem of Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Dagestan" title="State Anthem of Dagestan">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Ingushetia" title="State Anthem of Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Kabardino-Balkaria" title="State Anthem of Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Kalmykia" title="State Anthem of Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Karachay-Cherkessia" title="State Anthem of Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay–Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_Karelia" title="Anthem of the Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_the_Komi_Republic" title="State Anthem of the Komi Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Mari_El" title="State Anthem of Mari El">Mari El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Mordovia" title="State Anthem of Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moya_Moskva" title="Moya Moskva">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Anthem of Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Nenets Autonomous Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="State Anthem of North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Don_Cossacks" title="Anthem of the Don Cossacks">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Saint_Petersburg" title="Anthem of Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Tatarstan" title="State Anthem of Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_of_Slavianka" title="Farewell of Slavianka">Tambov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Udmurtia" title="National Anthem of Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_bandera_blanca_y_verde" title="La bandera blanca y verde">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himno_de_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Himno de Aragón">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se_Canta" title="Se Canta">Aran Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturias,_patria_querida" title="Asturias, patria querida">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himno_de_Canarias" title="Himno de Canarias">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusko_Abendaren_Ereserkia" title="Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himno_a_la_Monta%C3%B1a" title="Himno a la Montaña">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els_Segadors" title="Els Segadors">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Os_Pinos" title="Os Pinos">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymn of the Community of Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Balanguera" title="La Balanguera">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himne_de_l%27Exposici%C3%B3" title="Himne de l'Exposició">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Disputed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiaaira" title="Aiaaira">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Transnistria" title="Anthem of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymn of Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_anthem_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="State anthem of the Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_anthem_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="State anthem of the Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">Flanders</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chant_des_Wallons" title="Le Chant des Wallons">Wallonia</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg_mijn_Vaderland" title="Limburg mijn Vaderland">Limburg</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moja_Republika" title="Moja Republika">Republika Srpska</a> (Bosnia and Herzegovina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasna_zemljo" title="Krasna zemljo">Istria</a> (Croatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BA_alfagra_land_m%C3%ADtt" title="Tú alfagra land mítt">Faroe Islands</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunarput,_utoqqarsuanngoravit" title="Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit">Greenland</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85l%C3%A4nningens_s%C3%A5ng" title="Ålänningens sång">Åland</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els%C3%A4ssisches_Fahnenlied" title="Elsässisches Fahnenlied">Alsace</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bro_Gozh_ma_Zado%C3%B9" title="Bro Gozh ma Zadoù">Brittany</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dio_vi_salvi_Regina" title="Dio vi salvi Regina">Corsica</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Parisienne_(song)" title="La Parisienne (song)">Île-de-France</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se_Canta" title="Se Canta">Occitania</a> (France–Italy–Spain–Monaco)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copa_Santa" title="Copa Santa">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayernhymne" title="Bayernhymne">Bavaria</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenlied" title="Frankenlied">Franconia</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessenlied" title="Hessenlied">Hesse</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rjana_%C5%81u%C5%BEica" title="Rjana Łužica">Lusatia</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarlandlied" title="Saarlandlied">Saarland</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanke_nicht,_mein_Vaterland" title="Wanke nicht, mein Vaterland">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Macedonia" title="Famous Macedonia">Macedonia</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montagnes_Vald%C3%B4taines" title="Montagnes Valdôtaines">Aosta Valley</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inno_delle_Marche" title="Inno delle Marche">Marche</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_patriotu_sardu_a_sos_feudatarios" title="Su patriotu sardu a sos feudatarios">Sardinia</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madreterra" title="Madreterra">Sicily</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waar_wij_steden_doen_verrijzen..." title="Waar wij steden doen verrijzen...">Flevoland</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Alde_Friezen" title="De Alde Friezen">Friesland</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ons_Gelderland" title="Ons Gelderland">Gelderland</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nnens_Laid" title="Grönnens Laid">Groningen</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg_mijn_Vaderland" title="Limburg mijn Vaderland">Limburg</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langs_de_Vecht_en_d%27oude_Rijnstroom" title="Langs de Vecht en d'oude Rijnstroom">Utrecht</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_of_the_Azores" title="Hymn of the Azores">Azores</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_da_Regi%C3%A3o_Aut%C3%B3noma_da_Madeira" title="Hino da Região Autónoma da Madeira">Madeira</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_himnusz" title="Székely himnusz">Székely Land</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_anthem" title="Sámi anthem">Sámi</a> (Norway–Sweden–Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraf%C4%B1m" title="Tarafım">Gagauzia</a> (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernese_March" title="Bernese March">Canton of Bern</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">Europe and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Crux_Alba" title="Ave Crux Alba">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spain_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spain_topics" title="Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spain_topics" title="Template talk:Spain topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spain_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spain_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spanish_history" title="Timeline of Spanish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hispania" title="Timeline of Hispania">Ancient History Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">Medieval Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1808%E2%80%931874)" title="History of Spain (1808–1874)">Reaction and revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history_of_Spain" title="Contemporary history of Spain">Contemporary Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">1975–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">General overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain" title="Military history of Spain">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish miracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">ranked lists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America">Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Spain" title="Template:Borders of Spain">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Spain" title="Climate of Spain">Climate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Spain" title="List of earthquakes in Spain">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Spain" title="List of extreme points of Spain">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Forests of the Iberian Peninsula">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">Peninsular Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Spain" title="List of islands of Spain">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Spain" title="List of national parks of Spain">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Community_Importance_in_Spain" title="List of Sites of Community Importance in Spain">Natural Sites of Community Importance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Spain" title="Wildlife of Spain">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Spain" title="Corruption in Spain">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Head of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Judiciary of Spain">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Spain">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Spain" title="Intersex rights in Spain">Intersex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Spain" title="List of wars involving Spain">Wars and armed conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spain" title="Economy of Spain">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Spain" title="Agriculture in Spain">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Spain" title="List of banks in Spain">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by unemployment rate">unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_median_income" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by median income">median income</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Spain" title="Energy in Spain">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932014_Spanish_financial_crisis" title="2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Spain" title="Forestry in Spain">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Spanish_companies" title="List of largest Spanish companies">Largest companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Spain" title="Taxation in Spain">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_property_bubble" title="Spanish property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Spain" title="Science and technology in Spain">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" title="Tourism in Spain">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Spain" title="List of trade unions in Spain">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Spain" title="Transport in Spain">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Spain" title="Category:Society of Spain">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Spain" title="Crime in Spain">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Spain" title="Disability in Spain">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Spain" title="Euthanasia in Spain">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Spain" title="Health care in Spain">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_art" title="Spanish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Fiestas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_National_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain">National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_International_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain">International 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