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src="local/cache-vignettes/L200xH200/nicolaides_phedon-e40f7.jpg?1711362274" class='spip_logo spip_logo_auteur spip_logos' width='200' height='200' alt="" itemprop='image' /> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-9 col-md-7"> <div class="col-inner"> <header class="cartouche"> <span class="logo-organisation"><a href='https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/' target='_blank' rel='noopener'><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/auton6880-d739d.png?1711362274' alt='Maastricht University' width='50' height='50' /></a></span> <span class="logo-organisation"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L300xH95/logo-e2896.png?1711362274' alt='University of Nicosia' width='150' height='48' /></span> <span class="logo-organisation"><a href='https://www.coleurope.eu/' target='_blank' rel='noopener'><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L270xH100/auton55297-0937b.png?1711359508' alt='College of Europe (Bruges)' width='135' height='50' /></a></span> <div class="logo-auteur-rwd"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L200xH200/nicolaides_phedon-e40f7.jpg?1711362274" class='spip_logo spip_logo_auteur spip_logos' width='200' height='200' alt="" itemprop='image' /> </div> <h1 class="fn" itemprop="name">Phedon Nicolaides </h1> <div class="institution">Maastricht University, University of Nicosia, College of Europe (Bruges)</div> <div class="role"> <span class="fonction">Professor</span> </div> </header> <div class="main"> <div class="crayon contact-descriptif-32609 texte descriptif"><p>Phedon Nicolaides is a professor at the University of Maastricht and at the University of Nicosia. He is also a visiting professor at the College of Europe and LUISS University in Rome. Professor Phedon Nicolaides has been educated in the United States, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. He has a Ph.D. in economics and a PhD in law. He has previously held academic positions at the London Business School, the Royal Institute of International Affairs (London) and the European Institute of Public Administration (Maastricht). He has also served as Minister Plenipotentiary in the Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the private sector as Secretary General of the Cyprus Shipping Council. During the negotiations of Cyprus for accession to the EU he was advisor to the Cyprus Chief Negotiator. He has acted as consultant to a number of public authorities in various EU Member States and to international institutions and organisations such as the European Commission, the European Investment Fund, the European Economic and Social Committee, the OECD and the UN. He has published extensively on European integration, competition policy and state aid, and policy implementation. He is also on the editorial boards of several journals.</p></div> <h3 class="distinction">Distinctions</h3> <div class="crayon contact-bio-32609 texte bio"><p><a href="https://awards.concurrences.com/en/awards/2022/business-articles/" class="spip_out" rel="external">Nominee, 2022 Antitrust Writing Awards: Business, Cross-Border Issues</a></p> <div class="spip_document_101206 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_left spip_document_left"> <figure class="spip_doc_inner"> <img src="https://www.concurrences.com/IMG/png/logo-awa-nominated_1_2_.png?101206/7bc13a5fcb04679f79df4e7af2bc618dcafafbe7f3d044f710aaffe8a4801242" width="100" height="70" alt=""> </figure> </div></div> <div class="p"> <a href="//en/authors/phedon-nicolaides#contact" class="btn btn-contact btn-contact-rwd btn-primary-border popin pull-left" data-href-popin="#contact">Contact</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-aside"> <div class="liste auteurs co-auteurs"> <h2>Linked authors</h2> <div class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1/rzRhK9u1Abx7ATInEseqGZUzPKXVUA5xY1H8YRMtfTY0TEm75E5cjuu0cy8woiOuDe7soSsQOZKk5lpd6FdcYmGAuRu8ZdmmIDJgn/kUmnKeWzonHhYqXpmuVsDw15U7CqQ2L4acrDVGA5TLiEhjEBlK6roFcujoRO2lkV2Gpp3Zr+1U0XCN9g3Bd99EIqz51XAMDgDAlpl0jxwPgYL63gxvMmEp2U1YiPV5O8dOryadQtKRrMZbnSQjILsNKWKd+RY0yVCGpF' data-origin="//en/authors/phedon-nicolaides"> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/ridhwane-allouche" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/img_4739_2_1_-9b26e.jpg?1725359674) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Ridhwane Allouche</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">College of Europe</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="articles"><em>1</em> contribution</span> <span class="visites"><em>283</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteur/Sami-Andoura" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH69/auton101-ee365.jpg?1711359288) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Sami Andoura</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">European Commission</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Belgium</span> <span class="articles"><em>2</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>16574</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/guido-bellenghi" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/whatsapp-image-2020-09-20-at-11_36.00-d5079.jpg?1711362274) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Guido Bellenghi</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Maastricht University</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Netherlands</span> <span class="articles"><em>23</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>1270</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/dirk-buschle" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:94.29%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH66/auton20945-c5d67.png?1711359508) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Dirk Buschle</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Energy Community (Vienna)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Austria</span> <span class="articles"><em>3</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>3034</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/alessandro-carpi" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/1660218899194-30b4f.jpg?1711362267) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Alessandro Carpi</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">College of Europe (Bruges)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Belgium</span> <span class="articles"><em>3</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>569</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="pagination more center"><a id='pagination_coauteurs' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/authors/phedon-nicolaides?debut_coauteurs=5#pagination_coauteurs' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_events"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__content"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span> <span class="small visites"><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> 641</span> <span class="sep">|</span> Events</span></h2> <div class="list list_events list_events_articles list_cols3"> <div class="list__items"> <div class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple ratio_5-3" id="evenement_1892" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-82830 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/state-aids-and-tax-measures"> State aids and tax measures </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c1211412911 jpg" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> <source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg@.webp?1718936282 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg@.webp?1712558843 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg@.webp?1712147566 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg@.webp 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg@.webp?1732278649 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg@.webp?1712070875 750w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg?1724338460' class='adapt-img spip_logo' alt="alt" width='750' height='500' itemprop='image' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/24_ridet_20140131_5108-27393.jpg?1724338460 750w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2014-01-31 12:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">31 </span><span class="m">Jan</span></span><span class="y"> 2014</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2014-01-31T11:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2014-01-31T11:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Paris</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-82830 "><p>Antitrust Procedure Workshop organized by Concurrences in partnership with Reed Smith.</p></div> <a href="en/events/state-aids-and-tax-measures" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/sophie-borenstein" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Sophie Borenstein<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Phedon Nicolaides<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/michel-debroux" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Michel Debroux</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_articles"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Articles</span></h2> <div class="row articles colonnes_2"> <div class="col-xs-5 "> <div class="liste articles secteur_21"> <h3 class="h1"><span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> 72125</span> <span class="sep"></span> Bulletin</h3> <div class="liste-items"> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-whilst-member-states-are-free-to-determine" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that whilst Member States are free to determine their tax regimes they must conform with bloc-wide State aid rules <em>(Apple)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-09T22:00:00Z">10 September 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 151</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120735 introduction entry-content"> <p>Although Member States Are Free to Determine their Tax Systems, they Must still Conform with State Aid Rules* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 10 September 2024, the Court of Justice [CJEU] delivered its much anticipated judgment, in case C-465/20 P, Commission v Ireland & Apple. It ruled that Ireland (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-issues-decisions-on-the-most-frequent-procedural-issues" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice issues decisions on the most frequent procedural issues in State Aid and when an ’interested party’ may challenge a Commission decision <em>(PBL) (Petra Flašker)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-04T22:00:00Z">5 September 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 70</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121082 introduction entry-content"> <p>Who is “Interested Party” that Can Challenge a Commission Decision and when Must the Commission Open the Formal Investigation Procedure* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 5 September 2024, the Court of Justice of the EU ("CJEU" delivered two judgments on the two most frequent procedural issues on State aid: (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2024/the-eu-commission-approves-state-compensation-granted-to-the-czech-republican" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves State compensation granted to the Czech Republican postal service for the provision of the Data Boxes Information System</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-18T22:00:00Z">19 July 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 118</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121371 introduction entry-content"> <p>An Unusual SGEI* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Member States are free to determine what the regard as a service of general economic interest [SGEI]. The Commission may only check whether the definition is free of manifest error and that any compensation that is provided conforms with the conditions laid down (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2024/the-eu-commission-gives-the-greenlight-for-aid-to-expand-an-italian-solar-panel" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission gives the greenlight for aid to expand an Italian solar panel factory into the largest in Europe <em>(3Sun)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-07T22:00:00Z">8 July 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 42</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120289 introduction entry-content"> <p>A Large Investment Project that is Partly Funded Directly by the EU* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In July 2024, the Commission published its decision on State aid measure SA.104269 concerning a large investment project [LIP] undertaken by 3Sun in Italy. 3Sun is a subsidiary of Enel, the Italian energy (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-an-appeal-contesting-recovery-of-incompatible" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses an appeal contesting recovery of incompatible aid partly on the ground that the Commission had failed to take into account taxes paid in Member States other than Portugal <em>(Vima World)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-18T22:00:00Z">19 June 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 135</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119658 introduction entry-content"> <p>Repayment of Incompatible State Aid Is Inescapable* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Companies may pay taxes in several Member States of the EU or in third countries. This fact by itself has no bearing in an assessment of whether preferential tax treatment in a Member State may constitute State aid. However, it (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-commission-finds-that-the-public-funding-of-public-hospitals-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the public funding of public hospitals and healthcare centres by Slovenia does not constitute State aid</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-09T22:00:00Z">10 June 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 6</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121934 introduction entry-content"> <p>Public Funding of Healthcare Services Based on the Principle of Social Solidarity Is not State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In June 2016, the Commission received a complaint from the Medical Chamber of Slovenia – a professional organisation of private medical doctors and dentists practicing in Slovenia (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="content-inner-more"> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-commission-s-approval-of-covid-19-state-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the Commission’s approval of COVID-19 State aid for strategic undertakings in Spain, rejecting claims of discrimination and violation of EU principles <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-05T22:00:00Z">6 June 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 22</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120942 introduction entry-content"> <p>Aid Measures with Limited Beneficiaries* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> During the covid-19 pandemic Member States granted State aid to undertakings they considered important for their economies or for maintaining their connectivity with the rest of the world. Ryanair appealed against multiple Commission (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2024/the-eu-general-court-overturns-the-commission-s-approval-of-restructuring-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court overturns the Commission’s approval of restructuring aid to an airline due to inadequate burden sharing and procedural concerns <em>(Ryanair / Condor)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-05-07T22:00:00Z">8 May 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 28</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120915 introduction entry-content"> <p>Restructuring State aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> State aid to failing undertakings is the most distortionary form of public subsidies. They prevent the market exit of inefficient companies. For this reason, State aid for rescue or restructuring of undertakings in difficulty must always be notified to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2024/the-eu-commission-determines-that-a-complex-public-private-procurement" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission determines that a complex public-private procurement procedure did not constitute State aid and was brought outside the requisite limitation period <em>(Cosinex)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-25T23:00:00Z">26 March 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 70</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118728 introduction entry-content"> <p>Public Procurement and State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> A faulty public procurement procedure or the use of discriminatory selection criteria can confer an advantage on the chosen undertaking that may constitute an advantage in the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. The result will be infringement of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2024/the-eu-commission-compensates-airlines-for-covid-19-losses-to-address-general" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission compensates airlines for COVID-19 losses to address General Court concerns over minimum wage conditions and compliance with service freedom regulations <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-25T23:00:00Z">26 March 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 0</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120917 introduction entry-content"> <p>State aid measures may not infringe EU law outside the field of State aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In December 2020, the Commission approved State aid scheme SA.59029 by which Italy compensated airlines for damage they had suffered as a result of covid-19-related restrictions, in the period from 1 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-conflates-objective-justification-with-policy-objective" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice conflates objective justification with policy objective in the context of public support of green electricity <em>(Fallimento Esperia SpA ; Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA – GSE)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-06T23:00:00Z">7 March 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 93</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117968 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Court of Justice Conflates Objective Justification with Policy Objective, in the context of Public Support of Green Electricity* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Suppose a Member State subsidises the installation of solar panels on the roof of a corporate building situated at number 5 on Main Street. Is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2024/the-eu-general-court-issues-a-decision-which-interprets-the-commission" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court issues a decision which interprets the Commission guidelines on Important Projects of Common European Interest and the funding gap methodology for determining the necessary amount of aid <em>(Fehmarn Belt)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-27T23:00:00Z">28 February 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 194</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117844 introduction entry-content"> <p>Applying the Funding Gap Method to an Important Project of Common European Interest – Part I* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 28 February 2024, the General Court delivered an important judgment in case T-390/20, Scandlines v Commission. The judgment is important because it interpreted the Commission (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2024/the-eu-general-court-approves-state-aid-for-a-significant-cross-border" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court approves State aid for a significant cross-border infrastructure project while interpreting Important Projects of Common European Interest guidelines in the transport sector <em>(Fehmarn Belt)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-27T23:00:00Z">28 February 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 11</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117969 introduction entry-content"> <p>Applying the Funding Gap Method to an Important Project of Common European Interest – Part II* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 28 February 2024, the General Court delivered an important judgment in case T-390/20, Scandlines v Commission.(1) The judgment is important because it interpreted the Commission (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2024/the-eu-commission-concludes-that-certain-depreciation-and-state-guarantees-for" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission concludes that certain depreciation and State guarantees for a major infrastructure project between Denmark and Sweden constitute incompatible State aid and necessitate recovery <em>(HH Ferries)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-12T23:00:00Z">13 February 2024</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 50</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120916 introduction entry-content"> <p>Special tax treatment for a major infrastructure project* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In April 2013, the Commission received a complaint alleging that State aid had been granted to the Oresund fixed link. The link is a major transport infrastructure project consisting of a bridge, an artificial island and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2023/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-the-designation-of-an-entity-under-national-law" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that the designation of an entity under national law is not relevant for its classification as an undertaking within the meaning of State Aid rules <em>(Port System Authority of the Western Ligurian Sea / Association of Italian Ports)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-12-19T23:00:00Z">20 December 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 173</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117005 introduction entry-content"> <p>Undertakings May also Carry out Non-economic Activities* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> An undertaking is any entity that carries out economic activities regardless of how it is classified in national law or how it is financed. The General Court, in its judgment of 20 December 2023, in case T-166/21, Autorità (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-faults-the-commission-s-decision-for-failing-to-provide" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice faults the Commission’s decision for failing to provide a sufficient explanation as to why a Spanish measure was selective in the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU <em>(EDP España & Naturgy Energy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-12-13T23:00:00Z">14 December 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 89</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116772 introduction entry-content"> <p>Selectivity* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 14 December 2023, the Court of Justice, in its judgment in joined cases C-693/21 P and C-698/21 P, EDP España & Naturgy Energy Group v European Commission, faulted the Commission for failing to provide a sufficient explanation why a Spanish measure was (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-national-courts-may-order-recovery-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that national courts may order recovery of illegal State Aid that is considered existing aid <em>(RegioJet / Student Agency / Czech Railways)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-12-06T23:00:00Z">7 December 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 116</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116728 introduction entry-content"> <p>National Court May Order Recovery of Illegal Aid that Is Considered Existing Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission is required by Regulation 2015/1589 to order recover of State aid that it finds to be incompatible with the internal market. However, it may not order recovery of illegal (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2023/the-eu-commission-decides-that-rescue-package-from-an-italian-state-owned-asset" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that rescue package from an Italian State-owned asset management company is not imputable to the State because decisions were made independently and with consideration to commercial interests <em>(AMCO / Ferrarini)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-11-29T23:00:00Z">30 November 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 4</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120380 introduction entry-content"> <p>A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When a party to a financial transaction is a company that is owned and controlled by the state, it is difficult to determine whether the transaction is free of State aid. This is because it is not easy to prove that the state had (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-general-court-s-dismissal-of-an-airline-s" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the General Court’s dismissal of an airline’s request for the annulment of the Commission’s decision to authorise a French aid to compensate airlines for the damage they suffered as a result of the Covid-19 related travel restrictions <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-11-22T23:00:00Z">23 November 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 53</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115959 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for Damage Caused by COVID-19 May be Limited to the Undertakings that Are Most Important to the Economy of a Member State* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 23 November 2023, Ryanair lost another appeal before the Court of Justice. The Court ruled, in case C-210/21 P, Ryanair v Commission, that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-the-greek-state-s-guarantee-to-a-mining" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that the Greek state’s guarantee to a mining company constitutes State aid due to the company’s financial difficulties <em>(Larko)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-10-11T22:00:00Z">12 October 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 73</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115953 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Guarantees* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Public authorities often grant guarantees to undertakings so that the latter can borrow commercial loans at lower rates of interest. The 2008 Commission Notice on guarantees sets out four cumulative conditions that create a presumption that a state guarantee is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-delivers-the-first-in-a-series-of-judgments-on-appeals" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice delivers the first in a series of judgments on appeals brought by an airline challenging the dismissal of its actions by the General Court in multiple cases seeking to annul various Commission decisions authorising aid to rivals during the COVID-19 pandemic <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-27T22:00:00Z">28 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 109</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115070 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for Damage* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 28 September 2023, the Court of Justice, in case C-320/21 P, Ryanair v European Commission, delivered its first judgment in a series of appeals brought by Ryanair challenging the dismissal by the General Court of its action in multiple cases seeking (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2023/the-eu-commission-approves-aid-to-a-failing-water-provider-notwithstanding-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves aid to a failing water provider notwithstanding the fact that the sector is not "closed" <em>(Sorical)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-20T22:00:00Z">21 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 0</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120853 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid to the Operator of a Legal Monopoly* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In some Member States, the provision of potable water to households is a “closed” sector. This means that public funding of the operations of the water provider does not constitute State aid. However, according to the case law of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2023/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-the-legal-action-brought-by-belgium-with-respect" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses the legal action brought by Belgium with respect to the recovery of the incompatible State aid based on the fact that Belgium deviated from the normal system of taxation and the advance tax rulings constituted State aid</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 80</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-114791 introduction entry-content"> <p>Advance Tax Rulings* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In 2016, the Commission found, in decision 2016/1699, that advance tax rulings [ATRs] that had been provided by Belgium to multi-national companies [MNCs] with establishments in Belgium constituted State aid because the ATRs set the taxable income of those (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-a-competitor-of-a-state-aid-recipient-must" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that a competitor of a State aid recipient must either show that the aid directly and individually harms it or that its right to challenge and submit comments on the compatibility of the aid was violated by the Commission <em>(Land Rheinland-Pfalz / Deutsche Lufthansa)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-13T22:00:00Z">14 September 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 151</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-114416 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Harm Caused by State aid and the Delineation of the Relevant Market* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> A competitor of an aid recipient who wants to challenge a Commission decision authorising State aid must either show that the aid harms it directly and individually – i.e. its interests are seriously (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2023/the-eu-commission-greenlights-eur28-8m-in-austrian-aid-to-modernise-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission greenlights €28.8M in Austrian aid to modernise a penicillin factory <em>(Sandoz)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-26T22:00:00Z">27 July 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 0</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121831 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid to Support Production of Penicillin in the EU* Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The Commission’s block exemption regulations and the guidelines do not cover exhaustively State aid for all conceivable policy objectives. For example, there are no specific rules on investment subsidies for large (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2023/the-eu-commission-authorises-a-german-state-aid-scheme-on-the-basis-of-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission authorises a German state aid scheme on the basis of the Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework to support transition to a net-zero economy</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-18T22:00:00Z">19 July 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 139</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113964 introduction entry-content"> <p>Transition to a Net-Zero Economy <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Although the TCTF requires notification of aid measures, it seems to be more user-friendly than State aid guidelines. This is because Member States may simply copy its provisions in their local law or administrative instrument and send it to the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-dismisses-an-appeal-against-the-judgment-of-the-general" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice dismisses an appeal against the judgment of the General Court and confirms the incompatibility with the internal market of aid granted by Austria to an airline <em>(TUIfly)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-28T22:00:00Z">29 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 70</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113495 introduction entry-content"> <p>Profitability as a Criterion of the Compatibility of State Aid with the Internal Market* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When the state has a realistic prospect of making profit, its financial transactions with third parties do not constitute State aid. The absence of profit is a strong indicator of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2023/the-eu-commission-approves-a-hungarian-aid-scheme-for-storage-facilities-for" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves a Hungarian aid scheme for renewable energy storage facilities which was notified under the Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-20T22:00:00Z">21 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 123</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113859 introduction entry-content"> <p>Electricity Storage* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> As indicated by its title, the Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework [TCTF] allows for State aid whose purpose goes beyond the immediate relief of the costs of the market disruption caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. <br class='autobr' /> Europe’s energy policy does (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2023/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-transactions-at-market-rates-can-still-confer" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that transactions at market rates can still confer an advantage that constitutes State aid <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-13T22:00:00Z">14 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 84</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113496 introduction entry-content"> <p>Transactions at Market Rates Can still Confer an Advantage that Constitutes State aid (PART II)* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When public authorities buy goods and services for themselves, they have to pay a market price, otherwise they confer an abnormal advantage to the sellers. On 14 June 2023, the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-confirms-that-purely-regulatory-measures-do-not" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice confirms that purely regulatory measures do not necessarily constitute State aid even where they confer advantages on certain undertakings, providing there is no transferring of State resources <em>(Prestige / Limousine)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-07T22:00:00Z">8 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 588</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112907 introduction entry-content"> <p>Regulatory Measures Are not State aid & Trade Unions Are not “Interested Party”* <br class='autobr' /> State resources <br class='autobr' /> On 8 June 2023, the Court of Justice clarified, by its judgment in case C-50/21, Prestige and Limousine SL, that purely regulatory measures may confer and advantage without, however, granting (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2023/the-eu-general-court-clarifies-a-third-party-may-be-designated-as-an-interested" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court clarifies a third party may be designated as an ’interested party’ provided it can prove its interests are affected by the grant of aid on which the case turns <em>(Unsa Énergie)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-06T22:00:00Z">7 June 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1693</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112908 introduction entry-content"> <p>Regulatory Measures Are not State aid & Trade Unions Are not “Interested Party”* <br class='autobr' /> Interested party <br class='autobr' /> On 7 June 2023, the General Court delivered its judgment in case T-322/22, Unsa Énergie v European Commission. Unsa Énergie, a trade union representing employees of Électricité de France (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2023/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-the-infringement-of-non-state-aid-rules-may" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that the infringement of non-State aid rules may impact the compatibility of State aid <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-05-23T22:00:00Z">24 May 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 118</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112871 introduction entry-content"> <p>How the Infringement of Non-State aid Rules Can Affect the Compatibility of State aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is now well-established that if a State aid measure is inherently or indissolubly linked to a an infringement of EU law outside the field of State aid it cannot be found to be compatible (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2023/the-eu-general-court-confirms-that-member-states-are-at-liberty-to-choose-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms that Member States are at liberty to choose to whom they grant State aid and to decide how much aid they grant <em>(Bastion)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-05-09T22:00:00Z">10 May 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 76</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112868 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Temporary Framework Allows Member States to Grant Aid only to SMEs* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Although discrimination is in general prohibited in the EU, the fact remains that in the field of State aid Member States may grant State aid only to certain companies and may also decide how much aid to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2023/the-eu-general-court-annuls-a-decision-by-the-commission-to-permit-state-aid-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls a decision by the Commission to permit State aid to a Nordic airline on the grounds that the aid failed to include a step-up mechanism <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-05-09T22:00:00Z">10 May 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 563</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112872 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Ryanair has challenged many Commission decisions authorising State aid for its rivals. In 2021 and 2022, the General Court delivered 12 judgments concerning covid-19-related aid granted to other airlines. Of those 12 judgments, Ryanair temporarily won only three. Its wins were (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2023/the-eu-general-court-annuls-the-approval-of-state-aid-to-an-airline-on-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls the approval of State aid to an airline, on the grounds that, <em>inter alia</em>, it could obtain financing from the market <em>(Ryanair / Condor)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-05-09T22:00:00Z">10 May 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 169</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112913 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On the same day that the General Court ruled on the recapitalisation of SAS, it also ruled on the recapitalisation of Lufthansa in case T-34/21, Ryanair v European Commission.1 In the latter case, Ryanair sought the annulment of Commission decision SA.57153 of June 2020 by which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2023/the-eu-commission-updates-the-guiding-templates-on-funding-by-the-recovery-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission updates the guiding templates on funding by the Recovery and Resilience Facility</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-03T22:00:00Z">4 April 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 100</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112701 introduction entry-content"> <p>Update of Commission Guiding Templates on Funding by the Recovery and Resilience Facility*Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In December 2020, the European Commission published “templates” to help Member States in the design of their plans that were to be financed by the Recovery and Resilience Facility [RRF]. The (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2023/the-eu-general-court-of-justice-dismisses-an-appeal-filed-against-the-112702" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses an appeal filed against the Commission’s decision approving the aid granted to an airline in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic <em>(Blue Air)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-03-28T22:00:00Z">29 March 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 166</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112702 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Member States are allowed to grant state to compensate undertakings for damage they suffer as a result of a natural disaster or exceptional occurrence. But, it is not always easy or possible to disentangle the damage caused by such an unforeseen event from losses caused by (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2023/the-eu-commission-reduces-state-aid-for-a-battery-plant-expansion-in-hungary" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission reduces State aid for a battery plant expansion in Hungary from EUR 108 million to EUR 89.6 million due to incentive effect and proportionality concerns <em>(Samsung)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-02-27T23:00:00Z">28 February 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 0</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120734 introduction entry-content"> <p>Incentive Effect of State Aid to a Large Investment Project* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The Commission pays particular attention to the incentive effect of aid to large projects that are undertaken by international companies which, by definition, are mobile and can choose from many different locations (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2023/the-eu-general-court-partly-overturns-the-commission-s-decision-with-its-ruling" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court partly overturns the Commission’s decision with its ruling on the selectivity and profitability of agreements between airports and airlines <em>(Carpatair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-02-07T23:00:00Z">8 February 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 480</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111120 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Selectivity is a tricky issue. Even a measure that appears not to favour or exclude any undertaking may in practice prove to be selective if its effects favour certain undertakings over others that are in a comparable situation. In order to determine whether they are comparable it (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-partially-annuls-the-commission-s-decision-on-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice partially annuls the Commission’s decision on the Spanish Tax Lease System and clarifies the extent to which public authorities can implement general measures without favouring any undertaking <em>(Spain / Lico Leasing / Caixabank...)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-02-01T23:00:00Z">2 February 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 538</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112170 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 2 February 2023, the Court of justice, in case C649/20 P, Spain and Others v European Commission, clarified the extent to which public authorities can implement general measures without in practice favouring any undertaking. The exercise of administrative discretion can turn a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-annuls-the-general-court-decision-on-the-precautionary" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice annuls the General Court decision on the precautionary recapitalisation of a major bank in Italy <em>(Anthony Braesch)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-01-30T23:00:00Z">31 January 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 73</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112168 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Investors in banks that failed or were restructured as a result of the financial crisis that broke out in 2008 have tried many times and have used many arguments to support their claims for compensation. None of them has so far succeeded before EU courts to prove that the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2023/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-tax-exemptions-through-a-privatisation" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that tax exemptions through a privatisation transaction amount to State aid <em>(Società Navigazione Siciliana)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-01-24T23:00:00Z">25 January 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 86</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112706 introduction entry-content"> <p>Tax Advantages and Competitive Bidding* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Award of contracts or sale of state assets through competitive bidding procedures or tenders are presumed to result in a market prices and to confer no advantage to the winner in the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. <br class='autobr' /> However, on 25 January (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2023/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-state-aid-includes-all-resources-that-can-be" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that State aid includes all resources that can be directed by the State for its own purposes <em>(Dobeles HES / Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu regulēšanas komisija)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-01-11T23:00:00Z">12 January 2023</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 194</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110850 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice delivered its judgment in joined cases C-702/20, DOBELES HES and C-17/21, Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu regulēšanas komisija. <br class='autobr' /> A Latvian court requested the Court of Justice to provide a preliminary ruling on the interpretation of Article 107(1) (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2022-4460/the-eu-general-court-annuls-two-decisions-of-the-commission-on-state-aid-due-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls 2 Commission decisions on State aid, due to the Commission’s failure to take into account the accumulation of aid from other Member States <em>(Landwärme)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-20T23:00:00Z">21 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 100</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110856 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The EU Green Deal and the Climate, Environmental Protection and Energy Aid Guidelines [CEEAG] allow Member States to grant more aid, in diversity and amounts, to incentivise companies to invest in greener technologies and energy. <br class='autobr' /> However, when multiple Member States grant aid (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2022-4460/the-eu-court-of-justice-issues-a-preliminary-ruling-to-clarify-that-state-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice issues a preliminary ruling to clarify that State aid may have an incentive effect even where a project has already started or even completed <em>(Veejaam / Espo / Elering)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-14T23:00:00Z">15 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 77</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112166 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Perhaps the most important aspect of the compatibility of State aid with the internal market is the presence of incentive effect. That is, the aid is capable of changing the behaviour of the recipient. If it does not, then public money is wasted because it has no effect on what (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2022-4460/the-eu-commission-approves-a-eur1-8b-german-scheme-to-support-the-rollout-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves a €1.8B German scheme to support the rollout of high-power charging infrastructure for electric vehicles </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-13T23:00:00Z">14 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 58</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112169 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> As part of the EU’s Green Deal and the transition to a greener and most sustainable economy, the European Commission’s guidelines on State aid for climate, environmental protection and energy [CEEAG] also allow public support for the construction of energy infrastructures. In a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2022-4460/the-eu-commission-approves-aid-by-germany-to-build-more-electric-vehicle" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves aid by Germany to build more electric vehicle charging ports</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-13T23:00:00Z">14 December 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 24</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112704 introduction entry-content"> <p>Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> As part of the EU’s Green Deal and the transition to a greener and most sustainable economy, the European Commission’s guidelines on State aid for climate, environmental protection and energy [CEEAG] also allow public support for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2022/the-eu-general-court-clarifies-the-nature-of-the-link-that-must-exist-between" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court clarifies the nature of the link that must exist between State aid and other provisions of EU law for an aid measure to be incompatible with the internal market <em>(MVM Paks II Nuclear Power Plant Development)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-29T23:00:00Z">30 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 76</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112588 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is an established principle in the case law that the Commission may not authorise State aid that infringes other provisions of EU law, both primary and secondary. Now consider the following case. A Member State notifies to the Commission regional investment aid to support the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-annuls-two-judgments-of-the-general-court-which" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice annuls two judgments of the General Court which dismissed the appeals of two airlines against the Commission’s decision concerning State aid granted by Italy to Sardinian airports <em>(Volotea / EasyJet)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-16T23:00:00Z">17 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 49</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112167 introduction entry-content"> <p>A public authority may act as a market operator and acquire services through a private third party without conferring an advantage to the provider of those services. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When a public authority buys a service and pays the market price it does not confer an advantage to the seller in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2022-4460/the-eu-court-of-justice-confirms-that-aid-given-to-a-postal-operator-was" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice confirms that aid given to a postal operator was legitimate due to its universal service obligation <em>(ITD ; Danske Fragtmænd)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-09T23:00:00Z">10 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 40</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110053 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The two most difficult issues in imposing a public service obligation on a providers of a service of general economic interest is, first, the correct definition of the obligation and, second, the correct calculation of the amount of compensation that covers only the net extra cost (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-judgement-of-the-general-court-and-thus" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the judgement of the General Court and thus raises the burden of proof on the Commission when trying to prove State aid cases <em>(Valencia Club de Fútbol)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-09T23:00:00Z">10 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 84</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110074 introduction entry-content"> <p>In order to detect State aid in a state guarantee, it is necessary to carry out a search to identify the market rate, if it exists. <br class='autobr' /> There is no general presumption that an undertaking in difficulty cannot obtain a guarantee from the market. It is necessary to consider the risk of default. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2022/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-the-claim-of-an-irish-airline-which-sought-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses the claim of an Irish airline which sought to challenge the legality of aid granted by Croatia to its national airline during the Covid-19 pandemic <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-08T23:00:00Z">9 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 31</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110254 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 9 November 2022, the General Court followed its previous judgments in cases concerning compensation for damage caused by the covid-19 pandemic to rule, in case T-111/21, Ryanair v European Commission, that Member States were free to choose to whom to grant State aid. <br class='autobr' /> Ryanair (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-the-so-called-arms-length-principle-is-not" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that the so-called ’Arms Length Principle’ is not autonomous and must be provided for by the relevant jurisdiction’s tax laws if it is to be applied in State aid cases <em>(Fiat)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-07T23:00:00Z">8 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 38</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110051 introduction entry-content"> <p>The arm’s length principle is not an autonomous principle that can be applied to any advance tax ruling. It must be provided in the national tax system. <br class='autobr' /> Furthermore, the arm’s length principle must be applied, if it exists in the national tax system, in the form that is defined by that tax (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-national-enforcement/state-aid-private-enforcement-an-overview-of-eu-and-national-case-law" rel="bookmark">State aid & Private enforcement: An overview of EU and national case law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-11-02T23:00:00Z">3 November 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 845</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108829 introduction entry-content"><p>Article 107(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [TFEU] declares State aid granted by Member States to be incompatible with the internal market. This principle of incompatibility is not absolute. Under certain conditions, State aid may be exempted from the prohibition of Article 107(1) TFEU. Article 108(3) TFEU requires Member States to inform the European Commission in advance of their plans to grant State aid and the Commission assesses their compatibility with the internal market by examining whether they conform with the conditions for exemption. The Commission is the principal enforcer of the State aid provisions of the Treaty. The supervision carried out by the Commission is supplemented by national courts which also play an important role in the enforcement of State aid rules. They are empowered to apply the prohibition of Article 107(1) TFEU and to take all appropriate action to remedy infringement of Article 108(3) TFEU. Competitors of recipients of State aid that has not been notified to and approved by the Commission can resort to national courts to seek enforcement of the notification obligation imposed by Article 108(3) TFEU on Member States. This “private enforcement” not only supports the “public enforcement” of State aid rules by the Commission, but it also strengthens it by broadening the remedies afforded to competitors of recipients of unlawful aid. For the purposes of this article, “private enforcement” means the initiation of proceedings before national courts for the purpose of seeking compliance with State aid rules. In practice, such proceedings are initiated by competitors of aid recipients. They petition national courts in three separate situations: i) when State aid is granted without prior notification to the European Commission; ii) when State aid that has been found by the Commission to be incompatible with the internal market is not fully recovered as ordered by the Commission; and iii) when they seek compensation for damages caused by unlawful aid.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2022/the-eu-general-court-confirms-a-decision-of-the-commission-ordering-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms a decision of the Commission ordering the recovery of aid granted to a maritime transport service in difficulty on the grounds that the aid was granted as a loan for six months only <em>(Siremar)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-25T22:00:00Z">26 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 35</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-110059 introduction entry-content"> <p>For aid to be declared compatible with the internal market, all of the formal and substantive provisions of the relevant guidelines must be satisfied. <br class='autobr' /> State aid is granted the moment the right to a selective advantage is conferred, even if the actual benefit materialises at a future point in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2022/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-a-claim-of-state-aid-in-case-of-an-abnormal" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses a claim of State aid in case of an abnormal tender for a leasehold and a construction bid on the grounds that there would be no effect on trade between Member States <em>(Interessengemeinschaft der Hoteliers und Gastronomen Region 10)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-18T22:00:00Z">19 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 43</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109558 introduction entry-content"> <p>A public measure of purely local character and which does not induce cross-border movement of investors or clients is unlikely to affect trade between Member States. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is rare to find a judgment that confirms that a particular public measure is not liable to affect trade (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2022/the-eu-general-court-issues-a-decision-which-finds-that-in-situations-where" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court issues a decision which finds that in situations where regional State aid is found to be incompatible with the internal market, their regional handicaps cannot justify any leniency in the recovery of the aid <em>(Zone Franche de Madère)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-13T22:00:00Z">14 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 89</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109149 introduction entry-content"> <p>Selectivity of Regional Schemes* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Article 107(3)(a) areas and the outermost regions of the EU [defined in Article 349 TFEU] are more favourably treated under State aid rules. But they still have to comply with the terms of Commission authorising decisions. In case regional State (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-the-fact-that-an-organisation-may-be-profit" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice clarifies that research organizations can have profit-seeking shareholders, and do not need to reinvest profits into non-economic activities <em>(Baltijas Starptautiskā Akadēmija / Stockholm School of Economics in Riga)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-12T22:00:00Z">13 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 54</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109371 introduction entry-content"> <p>A research organisation is not required to reinvest any revenue it may generate into its non-economic activities. <br class='autobr' /> The fact that the shareholders of a research entity are profit seeking has no decisive impact on its classification as a research organisation. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> As governments push (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2022/the-eu-commission-declares-polish-aid-to-a-failing-bank-compatible-with-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission declares Polish aid to a failing bank compatible with the single market <em>(Getin Noble Bank)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-09-30T22:00:00Z">1 October 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 48</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112705 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Whenever a bank seeks State aid, it must be considered as “failing or likely to fail”. A failing bank must be liquidated or resolved. Resolution means that the critical functions of the bank are preserved while the rest are wound down. Critical functions are those that impact (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-issues-judgment-on-the-recovery-of-incompatible-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice issues judgment on the recovery of incompatible State aid which must take into account the possible application of general rules for the avoidance of double taxation <em>(Fossil)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-09-14T22:00:00Z">15 September 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 323</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108945 introduction entry-content"> <p>Recovery of Incompatible Aid and the Application of General Provisions for the Avoidance of Double Taxation* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The recovery of incompatible State aid has to be carried out immediately and effectively. The Commission gives guidance to the Member State concerned how to calculate the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2022/the-eu-general-court-reiterates-that-whether-or-not-a-body-carrying-out" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court reaffirms that the legal personality of an entity conducting economic activities, whether separate from the state or not, does not determine its eligibility for receiving State aid <em>(Helsingin Kaupunki)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-09-13T22:00:00Z">14 September 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 52</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109352 introduction entry-content"> <p>It is a well-established principle in the case law that when a public authority acts as a private investor, it must disregard all public policy objectives and its obligations as an arm of the state. Many judgments of EU courts and Commission decisions have examined in detail the various elements (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2022/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-the-practice-of-not-paying-for-use-of-public" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that the practice of not paying for use of public assets constitutes State aid as does the continuation of beneficial arrangements without payment past the original expiry date <em>(JCDecaux)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-09-06T22:00:00Z">7 September 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 33</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109368 introduction entry-content"> <p>The continuation of beneficial arrangements after the expiry of a service contract constitutes State aid. <br class='autobr' /> The practice of not charging for the use of public assets constitutes State aid. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 7 September 2022, the General Court ruled, in case T-642/19, JCDecaux v European (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2022/the-eu-commission-approves-a-greek-aid-scheme-whose-objective-is-to-support" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves a Greek aid scheme whose objective is to support vulnerable and less prosperous households and micro or small enterprises struggling to repay mortgages and loans</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-08-04T22:00:00Z">5 August 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 90</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108938 introduction entry-content"> <p>An Innovative Scheme to Support Individual Borrowers* <br class='autobr' /> Individuals and households are not undertakings. However, any public funding of individuals or households may constitute indirect aid to undertakings. Such aid may be exempted on the basis of Article 107(2)(a) TFEU. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Article (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2022/the-eu-general-court-issues-a-decision-which-confirms-that-member-states-have-a" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court issues a decision which confirms that the Member States have a right to grant State aid to undertakings of their choice rather than to all undertakings that may need or somehow “deserve” State aid <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-21T22:00:00Z">22 June 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 79</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108771 introduction entry-content"> <p>Individual Aid to Counter the Effects of Serious Economic Disturbance Is Legally Possible, but Is it Appropriate?* <br class='autobr' /> Individual aid need not be capable itself to remedy serious economic disturbance in the economy of a Member State. It is sufficient that it contributes to that effect. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2022/the-eu-general-court-issues-a-decision-on-the-application-of-state-aid-rules-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court issues a decision on the application of State aid rules to the tax treatment of transactions between companies that belong to the same multinational group <em>(ITV)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-07T22:00:00Z">8 June 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 84</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108777 introduction entry-content"> <p>Territoriality and the Tax Treatment of Intra-group Transactions* <br class='autobr' /> A special tax rule can constitute the reference or normal system of taxation if it is “severable” from other tax rules and has its own legal logic. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The application of State aid rules to the tax treatment of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2022/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-the-claims-of-an-airline-seeking-a-state-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses the claims of an airline seeking a State aid recovery decision against a rival on procedural grounds <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-17T22:00:00Z">18 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 93</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108775 introduction entry-content"> <p>Another Case of Rescue Aid to an Airline* <br class='autobr' /> An undertaking does not have to be nationally “important” in order to qualify for rescue aid. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The pandemic has been hard on airlines. For some of them, however, the pandemic simply exacerbated their already existing problems. On 18 May (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2022/the-eu-general-court-rejects-a-shipping-company-s-appeal-against-a-state-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rejects a shipping company’s appeal against a State aid recovery decision on the grounds that the company’s participation in a cartel renders the aid incompatible with the internal market <em>(Tirrenia Group)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-17T22:00:00Z">18 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 76</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108776 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid and Anti-Competitive Practices* <br class='autobr' /> State aid to undertakings that engage in anti-competitive practices is incompatible with the internal market. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> For State aid to be compatible with the internal market, it may not infringe any other provision of the Treaty or secondary (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2022/the-eu-general-court-issues-a-decision-which-confirms-that-the-date-on-which" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court issues a decision which confirms that the date on which State aid is deemed to be granted is not necessarily the date on which the actual benefit materialises <em>(Tirrenia di navigazione)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-17T22:00:00Z">18 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 537</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108778 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Date on which State Aid is Deemed to be Granted Is not necessarily the Date on which the Actual Benefit Materialises* <br class='autobr' /> State aid is deemed to be granted even if the benefit cannot be quantified in advance and even if state resources are transferred at a future point in time. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2022/the-eu-commission-announces-that-the-rescue-aid-framework-will-be-abolished" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission announces that the rescue aid framework will be abolished with the exception of the Insolvency and investment support which will be temporarily permitted <em>(Wizz Air)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-05-03T22:00:00Z">4 May 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 76</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108773 introduction entry-content"> <p>Rescue Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Member State must demonstrate that rescue or restructuring aid aims to prevent social hardship or address market failure. <br class='autobr' /> The Temporary Framework is coming to an end <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission announced on 12 May 2022 that the Temporary Framework will be abolished on 30 June 2022, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2022/the-eu-general-court-declares-that-the-commission-must-open-a-formal-procedure" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court declares that the Commission must open a formal procedure not only when it has doubts about the existence of aid and/or the compatibility of aid, but also about whether the aid is existing or new <em>(Petra Flašker)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-04-26T22:00:00Z">27 April 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 86</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108779 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Standard of Proof in State Aid Complaints and the “Informational Disadvantage” of Complainants* <br class='autobr' /> The Commission must use its investigative powers to seek clarification from Member States in order for it to establish whether a measure constitutes State aid, or is compatible aid, or is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2022/the-eu-general-court-issues-a-decision-which-finds-that-member-states-must" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court issues a decision which finds that Member States must recover of their own initiative illegally granted aid <em>(KW and SG)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-04-06T22:00:00Z">7 April 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 63</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108772 introduction entry-content"> <p>Member States Must Recover of their Own Initiative Illegally Granted Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Aid granted illegal must be recovered by the granting authority without any need for a prior Commission decision ordering recovery. <br class='autobr' /> The amount of recovered aid may be limited to that which is in excess of what is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-state-resources-transferred-from-one-public" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that State resources transferred from one public authority to another for the management of public services are not State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU <em>(Hermann Albers)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-23T23:00:00Z">24 March 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 227</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106050 introduction entry-content"> <p>Intra-State Transfers and the Discretion of Public Authorities* <br class='autobr' /> Resources transferred from one public authority to another for the purpose of being used to subsidise undertakings do not fall within the scope of Article 107(1) TFEU if the recipient authority has discretion in their (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-commission-adopts-a-temporary-crisis-framework-to-mitigate-damage-to" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission adopts a Temporary Crisis Framework to mitigate damage to European economies in the face of the Russo-Ukrainian war</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-22T23:00:00Z">23 March 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 35</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108644 introduction entry-content"> <p>A New Temporary Crisis Framework* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> A new Temporary Framework which is called “Temporary Crisis Framework” [TCF] to distinguish it from the currently applicable Temporary Framework on covid-19 related State aid was adopted on 23 March 2022, almost two years to the date of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-commission-decides-that-a-member-state-s-gas-storage-policy-does-not" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that a Member State’s gas storage policy does not constitute illegal State aid just before announcing the Temporary Crisis Framework which includes gas storage</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-17T23:00:00Z">18 March 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 253</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106097 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 23 March 2022, the European Commission announced plans to mitigate the spike in energy prices caused by the war in Ukraine. Chief among those plans were proposals for joint gas purchases and gas storage. Increase in storage capacity has been a strategy followed by several (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-commission-finds-that-the-benefits-earned-from-state-aid-by-an-italian" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the benefits earned from State aid by an Italian company are valid and compatible with the internal market <em>(Toremar)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-01T23:00:00Z">2 March 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 295</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-105830 introduction entry-content"> <p>Another Altmark Compliant Case!* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is very rare for measures of compensation for public service obligations to be found by the European Commission to be compliant with the Altmark conditions. Nonetheless, in the past two years the Commission has concluded that two Italian (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2022/the-eu-commission-issues-a-decision-which-states-that-risk-finance-aid-in-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission issues a decision which states that risk finance aid in the form of tax relief based on the GBER must be limited to private investors</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-02-13T23:00:00Z">14 February 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 75</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108774 introduction entry-content"> <p>Risk Finance* <br class='autobr' /> Risk finance aid in the form of tax relief based on the GBER must be limited to private investors. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Decisions of the European Commission authorising aid for risk finance are very rare. This is the consequence of the success of the Commission to get Member States (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-compensatory-payments-may-be-categorised-as" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that compensatory payments may be categorised as State aid and must comply with relevant <em>de minimis</em> regulations <em>(Satini-S / Dabas aizsardzības pārvalde)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-01-26T23:00:00Z">27 January 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 236</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106015 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for Damage and De Minimis Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Compensation for damage caused by protected animals is State aid. <br class='autobr' /> Member States may categorise compensatory payments as de minimis aid and refuse to make payments in excess of the de minimis threshold. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Advantage in the meaning of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2022/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-the-commission-may-not-reopen-a-formal" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that the Commission may not reopen a formal investigation procedure after the annulment of the Commission’s decision when the basis of annulment lies in the error of law or manifest error of assessment <em>(Loutraki Kazino)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-01-18T23:00:00Z">19 January 2022</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 252</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-106018 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Commission Need not Always Open the Formal Investigation Procedure before Correcting a Faulty Decision* <br class='autobr' /> The formal investigation procedure need not be re-opened when the fault lies in the legal assessment of the measure in question. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This article examines when the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2021/the-eu-commission-declares-a-tax-on-financial-institutions-with-liabilities" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission declares a tax on financial institutions with liabilities exceeding €15.1B compatible with EU State aid rules notwithstanding its selective nature</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-11-23T23:00:00Z">24 November 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 47</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108770 introduction entry-content"> <p>A Non-Selective Financial Tax with a Narrow Scope* <br class='autobr' /> The scope of a tax must be objectively defined in order for those excluded from the tax not to benefit from a selective advantage. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Taxes are burdens, so they fall outside the scope of Article 107(1) TFEU which prohibits (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2021/the-eu-commission-adopts-a-sixth-amendment-to-the-temporary-framework-for-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission adopts a sixth amendment to the temporary framework for State aid to combat COVID-19 pandemic</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-11-17T23:00:00Z">18 November 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 182</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-105790 introduction entry-content"> <p>6th Revision of the Temporary Framework for Covid-19 State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On Thursday, 18 November 2021, the European Commission adopted a sixth amendment to the Temporary Framework [TF] for State aid measures to combat covid-19. The document laying down the new amendments can be accessed (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2021/the-eu-commission-approves-an-investment-aid-for-an-energy-infrastructure" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves investment aid for an energy infrastructure project in northern Greece that amounts to €364M <em>(LNG terminal in Alexandroupolis)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-11-11T23:00:00Z">12 November 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 204</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-104672 introduction entry-content"> <p>Public Funding of an Energy Infrastructure Project* <br class='autobr' /> State aid up to 100% of the funding gap of a project can be compatible with the internal market. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission approved investment aid for a Liquefied Natural Gas [LNG] terminal in Alexandroupolis in northern Greece (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-applies-the-market-economy-investor-principle-when" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice applies the market economy investor principle when assessing whether commercial transactions between public authorities and undertakings are free of State aid <em>(Autostrada Wielkopolska)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-11-10T23:00:00Z">11 November 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 280</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-104681 introduction entry-content"> <p>First Case of a “Private Debtor” Test?* <br class='autobr' /> A public authority acting as a “private debtor” tries to minimise the amount that it has to pay. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In assessing whether commercial transactions between public authorities and undertakings are free of State aid, the European Commission and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2021/the-eu-general-court-rejects-an-appeal-by-a-recipient-of-illegal-aid-who" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rejects an appeal by a recipient of illegal aid who requested that the Commission declare the aid compatible with the internal market even though the member state concerned had failed to notify the Commission <em>(Solar Electric)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-11-09T23:00:00Z">10 November 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 170</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-104573 introduction entry-content"> <p>Illegal Aid Cannot be Regularised a Posteriori* <br class='autobr' /> A Commission decision finding non-notified aid to be compatible with the internal market cannot remedy the illegality that existed before the Commission decision. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In November 2021, the General Court rejected an appeal by the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2019/the-eu-general-court-agrees-with-the-commission-that-germany-has-granted" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court agrees with the Commission that Germany has granted incompatible aid to certain consumers of electricity who have been exempted from network charges <em>(AZ)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-10-05T22:00:00Z">6 October 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 94</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103551 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensatory Payments and State Resources* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Justice has stressed repeatedly that any resource over which the state can exercise control becomes a state resource, regardless of whether it is managed by a public authority or a private entity. <br class='autobr' /> Member States, however, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2021/the-eu-general-court-confirms-the-commission-s-decision-on-state-aid-granted-by" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms the Commission’s decision on State aid granted by Austria to an airline company due to an expired ten-year limitation period <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-28T22:00:00Z">29 September 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 227</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103454 introduction entry-content"> <p>Market Economy Operator* <br class='autobr' /> Comparing prices charged by different airports is not a suitable method for detecting the existence of selective advantages. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Airports enter into complex agreements with airlines. When airports are in public ownership or operate under a mandate by the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-judgment-of-the-general-court-that-czech" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the judgment of the General Court that Czech measures for the support of renewable sources of energy constitute State aid <em>(FVE Holýšov)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-15T22:00:00Z">16 September 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 200</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103180 introduction entry-content"> <p>Legitimate Expectations and the “Right” to State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> As the process of transition to green economy accelerates, Member States have been reducing the subsidies they promised to grant to the early investors in the production of electricity from renewable sources of energy [RES]. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2021/the-eu-commission-orders-the-recovery-of-state-aid-to-a-postal-operator-by-two" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission orders the recovery of State aid to a postal operator by two Member States which had provided three capital injections in order to stop a predicted reclassification of the undertaking’s credit rating <em>(PostNord / Post Danmark)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-09T22:00:00Z">10 September 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 57</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108643 introduction entry-content"> <p>Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator* <br class='autobr' /> The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree of autonomy of the public undertaking. <br class='autobr' /> However, not every decision of a public undertaking can necessarily be “imputed” to the state. <br class='autobr' /> A prudent (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2021/the-eu-commission-approves-a-eur167m-state-aid-to-support-the-construction-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves a €167M State aid to support the construction and operation of a liquefied natural gas terminal close in northern Greece after the start of the project</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-16T22:00:00Z">17 June 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 3</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118932 introduction entry-content"> <p>Authorisation of State Aid after the Start of a Project* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In June 2021, the European Commission, in decision SA.55526, approved an amount of EUR 167 million of State aid for the construction and operation of a liquefied natural gas [LNG] terminal close to Alexandroupolis in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2021/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-an-exemption-from-a-fine-does-not-amount-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that an exemption from a fine does not amount to State aid when the relevant legislation defines the circumstances for the exemption according to transparent and pre-determined criteria <em>(Dansk Erhverv)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-08T22:00:00Z">9 June 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 199</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103336 introduction entry-content"> <p>When Do Legal Exemptions Constitute State Aid?* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> An exemption from legal requirements that confers a selective advantage does not necessarily amount to State aid. In most cases, when beneficiaries are found not to receive State aid it is simply because the exemption does not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-examines-whether-a-national-measure-providing-for-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice examines whether a national measure providing for the payment of compensation to farmers for the slaughter of diseased animals constitutes new or existing aid <em>(Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania / Assessorato della Salute della Regione Siciliana)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-19T22:00:00Z">20 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 144</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103287 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Any change to an approved aid measure that affects its compatibility with the internal market turns it into a new aid that has to be re-notified to the European Commission for authorization. If it is not re-notified it becomes illegal aid and possibly incompatible aid, unless it (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2021/the-eu-general-court-annuls-the-commission-s-decisions-authorising-state-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls the Commission’s decisions authorising State aid schemes granted by Portugal and the Netherlands to two airline companies <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-18T22:00:00Z">19 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 402</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101174 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid to Group of Companies* <br class='autobr' /> In assessing the compatibility of State aid with the internal market, the Commission must also consider previous awards to a legally distinct but related company. In assessing the need for rescue/restructuring aid, the Commission must also consider whether the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2021/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-limiting-state-aid-due-to-covid-19-to-companies" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that limiting COVID-19 State aid to companies which have a durable link with the local economy can be compatible with the internal market <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-18T22:00:00Z">19 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 306</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101239 introduction entry-content"> <p>Is State Aid for Locally Established Undertakings Compatible with the Internal Market?* <br class='autobr' /> Limitation of State aid to companies which have a durable link with the local economy can be compatible with the internal market. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> By prohibiting barriers to free movement and establishment (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-greece-had-not-informed-the-commission" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that Greece had not informed the Commission promptly and sufficiently of a State aid measure and did not fulfill its obligations to implement the recovery <em>(Greece / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-11T22:00:00Z">12 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 186</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100974 introduction entry-content"> <p>The article reviews Case C-11/20 <br class='autobr' /> The Impossibility of Proving the Absolute Impossibility to Recover Incompatible State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is rather impossible for Member States to prove that it is absolutely impossible to recover State aid that has been found by the Commission, and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2021/the-eu-general-court-annuls-the-commission-s-decision-that-ordered-the-recovery" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls the Commission’s decision that ordered the recovery of €283M from a Big Tech company back to a country for State aid <em>(Amazon)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-11T22:00:00Z">12 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 262</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101348 introduction entry-content"> <p>Amazon and the Difficulty of Finding a Comparable Tax Payer* <br class='autobr' /> To apply the Arm’s Length Principle to transactions between two related companies, the Commission must identify the less complex company of the two and compare it to a similar independent company. <br class='autobr' /> Methodological errors in the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2021/the-eu-general-court-examines-several-measures-in-favour-of-postal-services" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court examines several measures in favour of postal services that are classified as services of general economic interest <em>(ITD / Brancheorganisation / Danske Fragtmænd)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-04T22:00:00Z">5 May 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 402</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100823 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for Universal Service Provision* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The rules on State aid for services of general economic interest [SGEI] are very generous because they allow both investment and operating aid. Yet, it is not easy to comply with those rules because the calculation of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-dismisses-the-appeal-against-the-general-court-s" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice dismisses the appeal against the General Court’s judgment highlighting that essential national interests may justify deviation from the normal public procurement procedure <em>(Achemos & Achema)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 330</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100821 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid and Essential National Interest* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> State aid should support outcomes that the market by itself cannot achieve. This implies that State aid that is restricted to only one or a few undertakings is unlikely to be capable of delivering the desired outcome. Yet, sometimes (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-spain-failed-to-fulfil-its-obligations-to" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that Spain failed to fulfil its obligations to recover the whole amount of the incompatible State aid <em>(Telecom CLM)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 173</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100973 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Impossibility of Proving the Absolute Impossibility to Recover Incompatible State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is rather impossible for Member States to prove that it is absolutely impossible to recover State aid that has been found by the Commission, and confirmed by EU courts, to be (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-determines-whether-a-company-indirectly-benefitted-from" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice determines whether a company indirectly benefitted from incompatible State aid granted to another chemical company <em>(Fortischem)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 200</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101064 introduction entry-content"> <p>Economic Continuity and Recovery of Indirect State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Recipients of State aid that is found to be incompatible with the internal market have to pay it back with interest. This liability for repayment also extend to anyone else who benefits from the aid indirectly. It is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-commission-issues-a-rare-decision-on-an-sgei-measure-concerning-a-press" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission issues a rare decision on an SGEI measure concerning a press agency that could have been exempted from notification <em>(Slovenia)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 110</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-103381 introduction entry-content"> <p>A Rare Commission Decision on an SGEI Measure that Could Have Been Exempted from Notification* <br class='autobr' /> A public service obligation must be imposed by an act of entrustment that describes in detail the terms of the obligation, identifies the undertaking that offers the service and lays down procedures (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-commission-publishes-its-new-regional-state-aid-guidelines-and-launches" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission publishes its new regional State aid guidelines and launches a public consultation</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-18T22:00:00Z">19 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 202</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100386 introduction entry-content"> <p>Draft New RDI Framework* <br class='autobr' /> On Monday, 19 April 2021, the European Commission published the new Regional Aid Guidelines for the period 2022-2027. They can be accessed at: <br class='autobr' /> https://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/regional_aid/RAG_2021_adopted_communication.zip <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 8 April 2021, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-general-court-decides-that-state-aid-may-be-granted-to-a-single-company" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court decides that State aid may be granted to a single company that is important for the national economy and does not need to be granted to all competitors <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-13T22:00:00Z">14 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 295</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100483 introduction entry-content"> <p>Individual Aid Measures to Combat Covid-19* <br class='autobr' /> Aid to remedy a serious economic disturbance may be granted to a single company that is important for the national economy. EU law does not extend to competitors a right to the same aid. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Between March 2020 and April 2021, the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2021/the-eu-general-court-examines-a-system-of-levies-on-electricity-consumers-and" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court examines a system of levies on electricity consumers and concludes that it is likely to infringe fundamental provisions of the EU Treaty <em>(Achema / Lifosa)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-13T22:00:00Z">14 April 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 178</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100781 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid Measures May not be Funded through Discriminatory Taxes* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Member States finance the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources [RES] with revenue they raise through levies or charges on consumers of electricity. On 14 April 2021, the General Court in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-decides-that-the-various-components-of-a-tax-system" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice decides that the various components of a tax system form an indivisible whole and the effect they produce differ <em>(Fútbol Club Barcelona)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-03T23:00:00Z">4 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 344</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100055 introduction entry-content"> <p>“Global” Assessment of Tax Schemes* <br class='autobr' /> It is incumbent on the Commission to carry out a global assessment of tax schemes. But it must take into account only those provisions of schemes that apply ex ante and do not depend on the circumstances of individual tax payers. Only when aid has to be (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-decides-that-an-exclusive-right-that-provides-selective" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice decides that an exclusive right that provides selective advantages through State resources and distorts competition and trade between Member States is a State aid <em>(Poste Italiane)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-02T23:00:00Z">3 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 210</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99820 introduction entry-content"> <p>Exclusive Rights and State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Exclusive rights may constitute State aid if they mandate payments with resources over which the state can exercise control. Compensation for the cost of public service obligations may be granted only if the obligations are clear and define a service that is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-rejects-the-appeal-brought-by-the-commission-against" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rejects the appeal brought by the Commission against the General Court’s decision concerning the measures adopted by Italian banks to support one of its members <em>(Banca Popolare di Bari)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-01T23:00:00Z">2 March 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 242</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99669 introduction entry-content"> <p>Can the Decision of a Private Entity be Imputed to the State?* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> One of the trickiest aspects of determining whether a financial transaction involves State aid is its attribution or imputation to a decision of the state, especially when the entity providing the funding is private. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2021/the-eu-court-of-justice-states-that-the-french-aid-schemes-adopted-during-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice states that the French State aid schemes adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic do not infringe competition law in the airline market <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-02-16T23:00:00Z">17 February 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 180</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99512 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid May be Limited to Undertakings with Close Links with the National Economy (Part II)* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission acted swiftly to adopt a fairly accommodating and wide-ranging “Temporary Framework” to regulate State aid for the purposes of counter-acting the impact of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2021/the-eu-commission-publishes-its-new-temporary-framework-for-state-aid-measures" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission publishes its new Temporary Framework for State Aid measures to support the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-01-27T23:00:00Z">28 January 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 367</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99370 introduction entry-content"> <p>Liquidity Assistance to Banks to Counter the Effects of Covid-19* <br class='autobr' /> Any direct public support of financial institutions affected by covid-19 has to comply with both State aid rules and the rules of the banking union. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The Temporary Framework for State aid to combat covid-19 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2021/the-eu-commission-decides-that-incompatible-aid-was-granted-by-the-estonian" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that incompatible aid was granted by the Estonian Ministry of Rural Affairs to a private company that produces milk, meat, and cereals <em>(Tartu Agro)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-01-23T23:00:00Z">24 January 2021</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 449</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100165 introduction entry-content"> <p>Lease Contracts and Competitive Selection* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> After receiving a complaint, the Commission opened a formal investigation into alleged State aid granted by the Estonian Ministry of Rural Affairs to AS Tartu Agro, a private limited company, which produced milk, meat and cereals. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2020/the-eu-parliament-publishes-a-report-evaluating-the-impact-of-state-aid-to" rel="bookmark">The EU Parliament publishes a report evaluating the impact of state aid to combat covid-19</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-12-16T23:00:00Z">17 December 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 22</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-98680 introduction entry-content"> <p>A First Evaluation of Covid-19 State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 17 December 2020, the European Parliament published a report evaluating the impact of State aid to combat covid-19. <br class='autobr' /> The report was requested by the committee responsible for economic policy. The report is probably the first (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2020/the-eu-commission-decides-that-a-state-guarantee-can-bridge-the-funding-gap-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that a State guarantee can bridge the funding gap of an infrastructure project in the energy sector <em>(ETYFA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-12-07T23:00:00Z">8 December 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 382</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100166 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Guarantee to an Energy Project* <br class='autobr' /> A state guarantee can bridge the funding gap of an infrastructure project. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> State aid rules allow energy infrastructure projects to be supported by as much aid as is necessary to bridge their “funding gap”; i.e. the difference between the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2020/the-eu-court-of-justice-clarifies-that-prices-fixed-by-the-state-do-not" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice clarifies that prices fixed by the State do not necessarily constitute State aid <em>(Eco TLC)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-10-20T22:00:00Z">21 October 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 73</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-98693 introduction entry-content"> <p>Attribution to the State does not necessarily Imply Control by the State* <br class='autobr' /> Prices fixed by the state do not necessarily confer control to the state over the private resources which are used to pay those prices. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Judging from how many times EU courts have been asked to interpret (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2020/the-eu-court-of-justice-annuls-the-general-court-s-decision-which-ruled-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice annuls the General Court’s decision which ruled that the Greek authorities should have known about the State aid public loan when there was no proof that they were aware of it <em>(Larko)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-03-25T23:00:00Z">26 March 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 176</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94830 introduction entry-content"> <p>Advantage Must be Proven, Not Assumed* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When a company gets into financial trouble, public subsidies may provide a temporary respite but hardly ever a permanent solution if the company does not undertake painful restructuring. <br class='autobr' /> More than 10 years ago, Larko, a Greek mining (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2020/the-eu-court-of-justice-orders-to-pay-a-penalty-of-eur80-000-per-day-for" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice orders to pay a penalty of €80,000 per day for failing to fully recover incompatible State aid <em>(Commission / Italy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-03-11T23:00:00Z">12 March 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 116</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94691 introduction entry-content"> <p>Non-recovery of Incompatible State aid Is Costly* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The 2020 Temporary Framework for State aid to combat covid-19 has a much wider scope in comparison to other State aid regulations and guidelines. Normally, State aid regulations and guidelines exclude, for example, undertakings (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2020/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-on-a-preliminary-ruling-request-regarding-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules on a preliminary ruling request regarding the Hungarian turnover taxes in the telecoms sector <em>(Vodafone / Tesco / Google)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-03-02T23:00:00Z">3 March 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 136</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93842 introduction entry-content"> <p>Has an Economic Myth Become a Legal Fact? The Case of Turnover Taxes* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Recent cases involving “turnover” taxes have sparked a debate in the literature and on the conference circuit not only because they raise novel issues but also because of their implications for other taxes (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2020/the-uk-government-s-withdrawal-agreement-with-the-eu-commission-enters-into" rel="bookmark">The UK Government’s withdrawal agreement with the EU Commission enters into force, including its State aid provisions</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-30T23:00:00Z">31 January 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 184</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93470 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2020/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-in-its-entirety-the-action-made-by-a-company-in" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses in its entirety the action made by a company in the potash mines sector and confirms the existence of aid measures <em>(Iberpotash / EU Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-01-15T23:00:00Z">16 January 2020</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 121</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93553 introduction entry-content"> <p>Environmental Remediation and State Liability* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 16 January 2020 the General Court delivered its judgment in case T‑257/18, Iberpotash v European Commission. <br class='autobr' /> Iberpotash, a Spanish company, appealed against Commission decision 2018/118. Iberpotash owns and operates potash (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2019/the-eu-court-of-justice-confirms-that-a-company-is-not-necessarily-insulated" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice confirms that a company is not necessarily insulated from State aid if it enjoys exclusive rights and operates in a sector covered by a legal monopoly <em>(Arriva Italia)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 231</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93445 introduction entry-content"> <p>Exclusive Rights and Legal Monopolies* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The fact that a company enjoys exclusive rights and operates in a sector covered by a legal monopoly does not necessarily insulate it from State aid rules. This has been confirmed by the Court of Justice in its judgment of 19 December 2019, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2019/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-the-appeal-of-financial-service-s-companies" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses the appeal of financial services companies which wanted to annul a State aid <em>(BPC Lux 2)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 148</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93446 introduction entry-content"> <p>Bail-in Is the Responsibility of Member States* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Investors in banks who lost their money have sought compensation both at EU and national level. So far, claims for damages at EU level have been unsuccessful. In some instances, the cases before EU and national courts have been (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2019/the-eu-court-of-justice-dismisses-an-appeal-by-the-beneficiary-of-an-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice dismisses an appeal by the beneficiary of an aid, concluding that the preferential electricity tariff constituted incompatible State aid <em>(Mytilinaios)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-10T23:00:00Z">11 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 435</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92734 introduction entry-content"> <p>A PREFERENTIAL ELECTRICITY TARIFF SELECTIVE, CONFERS AND ADVANTAGE AND DISTORTS COMPETITION* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 11 December 2019, in case C‑332/18 P, Mytilinaios Anonymos Etairia — Omilos Epicheiriseon v European Commission, the Court of Justice probably wrote the last chapter in a long-running (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2019/the-eu-commission-allows-under-eu-state-aid-rules-an-important-project-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission allows under EU State aid rules an important project of common European interest notified by several Member States to cooperate for the development of innovative products <em>(IPCEI)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-08T23:00:00Z">9 December 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 171</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93443 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2019/the-eu-commission-decides-that-the-scheme-used-for-the-construction-of" rel="bookmark"> The EU Commission decides that the scheme used for the construction of a sustainable irrigation system does not constitute State aid <em>(Bavaria)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-07T23:00:00Z">8 November 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 152</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93551 introduction entry-content"> <p>Public Funding of Infrastructure without State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Public funding of infrastructure does not constitute State aid if access to the infrastructure is free for all users on non-discriminatory terms. If, by contrast, access to the infrastructure is restricted or it is designed for (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2019/the-eu-court-of-justice-provides-further-guidance-on-how-economic-activities" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice provides further guidance on how economic activities linked to non-economic functions must be treated in a State aid context <em>(Aanbestedingskalender)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-06T23:00:00Z">7 November 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 420</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92592 introduction entry-content"> <p>SEPARABILITY OF ECONOMIC FROM NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Pure research whose results are widely disseminated is undoubtedly a non-economic activity. Research reports are often published on the internet. But the design and management of a research organisation’s website can be an (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2019/the-eu-court-of-justice-provides-a-preliminary-ruling-relating-to-a-dispute" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice provides a preliminary ruling relating to a dispute between several electricity and hydroelectricity producers concerning a tax on the use of inland waters for the production of electricity <em>(UNESA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-06T23:00:00Z">7 November 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 198</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92735 introduction entry-content"> <p>CAN A TAX (RATHER THAN A TAX EXEMPTION) CONFER A SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE?* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> A tax exemption normally confers a selective advantage, unless it is justified by the logic of the tax. Counterintuitively, a tax itself can be selectively advantageous if its scope is too narrow. As the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2019/the-eu-general-court-confirms-the-commission-ruling-on-the-calculation-of-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms the Commission ruling on the calculation of the amount of compensation resulting from contractual obligations in the motorways sector <em>(Autostrada Wielkopolska)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-10-23T22:00:00Z">24 October 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 184</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92595 introduction entry-content"> <p>COMPENSATION TO A TOLL ROAD OPERATOR* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When is a company entitled to compensation by the state? The easy answer is “when the state is liable for damage”. However, it may be possible for a company to claim compensation from the state when the state has assumed contractual (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2019/the-eu-general-court-rules-on-an-appeal-against-the-recovery-of-an-aid-from-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules on an appeal against the recovery of aid from the owner of an aid recipient in the chemical sector <em>(Fortischem)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-09-23T22:00:00Z">24 September 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 153</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92596 introduction entry-content"> <p>ECONOMIC CONTINUITY IN RECOVERY OF INCOMPATIBLE STATE AID* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Companies rarely escape from the obligation to repay incompatible State aid. Over the past decade or so, very few companies have successfully argued that they legitimately expected that the aid they received was (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2019/the-eu-commission-approves-a-state-aid-scheme-partly-because-it-didn-t-contain" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves a State aid scheme partly because it didn’t contain aid and partly because it was compatible with the internal market <em>(Primary Residence Protection Scheme)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-09-18T22:00:00Z">19 September 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 303</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93444 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2019/the-eu-commission-concludes-on-the-constitution-and-the-compatibility-of-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission concludes that State aid in the Italian postal service market is compatible with Article 106 TFEU <em>(Poste Italiane)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-07-21T22:00:00Z">22 July 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 101</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93447 introduction entry-content"> <p>How to Compensate for the Extra Cost of Public Service Obligations: Step-by-Step Guidance on a Complex Calculation* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The two most difficult issues in the design of State aid measures to support services of general economic interest [SGEI] are the proper definition of the public (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2019/the-eu-commission-decides-that-bus-transportation-provided-by-public" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that bus transportation provided by public authorities constitutes economic activity <em>(Helsingin Bussiliikenne)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-06-27T22:00:00Z">28 June 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 83</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99369 introduction entry-content"> <p>Helsinki Busses, Loans, Article 93 and Indemnification* <br class='autobr' /> Bus transportation provided by public authorities constitutes economic activity. Loans given by a public authority to its transport unit have to be priced at market rates. The market value of public assets sold to third parties has to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2019/the-eu-general-court-overturns-the-commission-s-finding-that-belgium-granted" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court overturns the Commission’s finding that Belgium granted unlawful State aid through advance tax rulings <em>(Magnetrol International)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-02-13T23:00:00Z">14 February 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 258</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89831 introduction entry-content"> <p>Many Tax Rulings Do Not Make a Single Aid Scheme* <br class='autobr' /> The autonomy that Member States enjoy in the field of direct taxation must be exercised in compliance with EU State aid law. A State aid measure is considered to be a “scheme” when (a) no further implementing acts are necessary, (b) the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2019/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-the-eu-rules-does-not-impose-time-limitation" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that the EU rules do not impose time limitation rules when national courts deal with a claim for damages arising from non-notified aid <em>(Fallimento Traghetti del Mediterraneo)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-01-22T23:00:00Z">23 January 2019</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 236</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89736 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-a-tax-exemption-may-not-constitute-state-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that a tax exemption may not constitute State aid if it is justified by reasons linked to the nature or general scheme of the tax system <em>(Finanzamt / A-Brauerei)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 299</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88848 introduction entry-content"> <p>Justification of a Tax Exemption* <br class='autobr' /> Prevention of excessive taxation may justify tax exemption. Prevention of abuse may justify limits to the tax exemption. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction A tax exemption may not constitute state aid if it is justified by reasons which are linked to the nature or general scheme (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2018/the-eu-general-court-annuls-a-commission-decision-holding-that-public-funding" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls a Commission decision holding that public funding to an operator in a closed sector does not affect trade and therefore does not constitute State aid <em>(Scandlines Danmark) (Stena Line)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-12-12T23:00:00Z">13 December 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 265</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88849 introduction entry-content"> <p>Infrastructure Projects, State Guarantees and Distortion of Competition* <br class='autobr' /> State guarantees must be limited in duration and amount and the conditions for their mobilization must be defined in advance. Public funding to an operator in a closed sector does not affect trade and, therefore, does not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2018/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-public-funds-managed-by-private-airports" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that public funds managed by private airports operators can be classified as state resources <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-12-12T23:00:00Z">13 December 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 227</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88851 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Private Investor Principle in Air Transport - Part I* The Private Investor Principle in Air Transport - Part II* <br class='autobr' /> Public funds managed by private airport operators can be classified as state resources. Prices charged by airport operators can be used as a benchmark for market prices only if (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2018/the-eu-general-court-annuls-a-commission-decision-which-found-that-slovakia-did" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls a Commission decision which found that Slovakia did not grant incompatible state aid to a chemical company <em>(AlzChem)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-12-12T23:00:00Z">13 December 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 180</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89521 introduction entry-content"> <p>Pari Passu Is not Static* <br class='autobr' /> When comparing the behaviour of public and private creditors, it is necessary to ensure that their situations and interests do not diverge over time. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When an undertaking owes money to a public authority the latter must use all available legal means to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2018/the-eu-commission-finds-a-cypriot-state-aid-scheme-for-vulnerable-households" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds a Cypriot State aid scheme for vulnerable households borrowers to be compatible with the internal market</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-12-02T23:00:00Z">3 December 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 184</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89520 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2018/the-eu-general-court-clarifies-both-the-date-on-which-state-aid-is-deemed-to-be" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court clarifies both the date on which State aid is deemed to be granted and the scope of public service obligations <em>(ARFEA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-28T23:00:00Z">29 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 166</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89832 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2018/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-a-change-in-the-method-of-funding-public" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that a change in the method of funding public broadcasting does not constitute an alteration of an existing aid measure that would require notification to the Commission <em>(Stichting Woonlinie / Stichting Woonpunt)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-14T23:00:00Z">15 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 338</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89217 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2018/the-eu-commission-and-the-uk-propose-a-draft-withdrawal-agreement-following-the-88404" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission and the UK propose a draft withdrawal agreement following the Brexit referendum : the State aid provisions</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-13T23:00:00Z">14 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 436</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88404 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2018/the-eu-commission-finds-a-state-aid-to-a-conservatory-to-be-compatible-with-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds a State aid to a Conservatory to be compatible with the internal market <em>(Fundació Privada Conservatori del Liceu)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-07T23:00:00Z">8 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 120</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89737 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-recovery-of-unlawful-state-aid-is-only" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that recovery of unlawful State aid is only impossible if the difficulties claimed by the Member State are real and there are no alternative methods of recovery <em>(Scuola Elementare Maria Montessori)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 152</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89833 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2018/the-eu-commission-holds-that-the-intervention-of-the-french-state-to-a-phone" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that the intervention of the French state to a phone company does not constitute state aid as it complies with the market economy investor principle <em>(Orange)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-10-28T23:00:00Z">29 October 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 132</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89280 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-assesses-that-an-increase-of-20-in-a-tax-inseparably" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice assesses that an increase of 20% in a tax inseparably linked with a State aid measure has to be notified to the Commission <em>(Carrefour Hypermarchés / Ministre des Finances et des Comptes Publics)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 162</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88406 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-public-service-obligations-must-be-properly" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that public service obligations must be properly defined via an official act or an administrative decision <em>(Castilla-la-Mancha State aid’s)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 125</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88409 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-unlimited-state-guarantees-create-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that unlimited State guarantees create a presumption of the existence of an advantage <em>(IFP Energies nouvelles)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-18T22:00:00Z">19 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 250</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88401 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2018/the-eu-general-court-annuls-an-aid-granted-to-an-important-project-of-common" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls an aid granted to an important project of common European interest as unconditional and unlimited guarantees are incompatible with the internal market <em>(HH Ferries)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-18T22:00:00Z">19 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 220</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88412 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2018/the-eu-general-court-emphasizes-the-necessity-of-ex-ante-assessment-on-future" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court emphasizes the necessity of ex ante assessment on future profitability in a case of State aid to the Belgian steel sector<em> (Duferco)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-17T22:00:00Z">18 September 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 186</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88397 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-state-aid-selectivity-can-exist-for-final" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that State aid selectivity can exist for final and intermediary beneficiary <em>(Spain / Lico Leasing / Pequeños y Medianos Astilleros Sociedad de Reconversión)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-24T22:00:00Z">25 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 145</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88398 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2018/the-eu-commission-assesses-retrospectively-whether-a-public-loan-granted-to-an" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission assesses retrospectively whether a public loan granted to an undertaking is at a market rate <em>(Železničná)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-19T22:00:00Z">20 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 69</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92594 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no relationships (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2018/the-eu-commission-dg-competition-publishes-a-code-of-best-practices-for-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission DG Competition publishes a Code of best practices for the conduct of State aid control procedures in the official Journal of European Union</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-18T22:00:00Z">19 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 96</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88432 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2018/the-eu-general-court-confirms-the-authorization-of-a-state-aid-for-a-new" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms the authorization of a State aid for a new nuclear power plant in UK <em>(Hinkley Point C)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-11T22:00:00Z">12 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 146</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88418 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2018/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-the-compatibility-of-a-state-aid-depends-on-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that the compatibility of a State aid depends on the rules that are applicable when aid measures produce effects <em>(Buonotourist)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-10T22:00:00Z">11 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 102</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88433 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2018/the-eu-commission-finds-overcompensation-in-the-state-aid-for-the-incumbent" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds overcompensation in the State aid for the incumbent postal operator in Spain <em>(Correos)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-07-09T22:00:00Z">10 July 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 313</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88415 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-that-a-selective-measure-should-be-determined-on" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that a selective measure should be determined on the basis of its effects and not on the basis of the legally defined regulatory techniques <em>(Dirk Andres)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-06-27T22:00:00Z">28 June 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 95</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88439 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2018/the-eu-commission-holds-that-a-selective-tax-reduction-does-not-constitute" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that a selective tax reduction does not constitute State aid if it doesn’t provide an economic advantage for the enterprises concerned <em>(Danish water tax exemption)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-06-19T22:00:00Z">20 June 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 93</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88436 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2018/the-eu-general-court-confirms-a-commission-decision-for-the-abolition-of-a" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms a Commission decision for the abolition of a sector specific tax exemption <em>(Groningen Seaports)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-05-30T22:00:00Z">31 May 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 96</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88448 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2018/the-eu-commission-approves-the-state-aid-granted-to-the-incumbent-postal" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves the State aid granted to the incumbent postal operator in Denmark to meet the costs of its universal service obligations <em>(Post Danmark)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-05-27T22:00:00Z">28 May 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 152</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88424 introduction entry-content"> <p>Public Service Compensation <br class='autobr' /> Compensation for the provision of public services may not exceed the avoidable cost minus any forgone revenue from not having to provide those services. The VAT exemption for postal services is not State aid because it is laid down in the EU VAT directive and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-provides-guidance-on-the-public-service-obligations" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice provides guidance on public service obligations assignment <em>(Cellnex Telecom)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-25T22:00:00Z">26 April 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 287</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88450 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Extent of the Discretion of Member States to Define Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI) <br class='autobr' /> A service is classified as an SGEI not only when it is important for citizens but also when the market does not adequately supply it and one or more undertakings are compelled to provide it to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2018/the-eu-commission-finds-that-an-irish-tax-exemption-aimed-at-changing-consumer" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that an Irish tax exemption aimed at changing consumer behavior concerning harmful sweetened drinks is not State aid</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-23T22:00:00Z">24 April 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 107</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89834 introduction entry-content"> <p>Exemptions from Product-Specific Taxes* <br class='autobr' /> Tax exemptions do not constitute State aid when they aim to induce change in the behaviour of consumers, when they distinguish between harmful products and non-harmful products and for reasons of administrative simplicity. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In the past (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2018/the-eu-commission-limits-broadband-network-state-aid-authorizations-only-to" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission limits broadband network State aid authorizations only to areas where market based instruments are unlikely to be made without aid measures <em>(The Netherlands)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-09T22:00:00Z">10 April 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 121</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88447 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid for the Deployment of Broadband Networks <br class='autobr' /> Most State aid for the development of broadband networks is approved by the Commission. But the aid must be limited only to areas where market-based investments are unlikely to be made without aid. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This article reviews a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2018/the-eu-commission-authorizes-a-state-aid-to-stimulate-new-investment-in-regions" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission authorizes a State aid to stimulate new investment in regions hit by earthquakes <em>(Earthquakes in Italy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-04-05T22:00:00Z">6 April 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 84</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88446 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2018/the-eu-general-court-overturns-the-commission-s-decision-that-exclusive-use-of" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court overturns the Commission’s decision that exclusive use of a port by a shipping company was not State aid, after finding the Commission failed to open a formal investigation and establish that the port owner acted as a private operator <em>(Naviera Armas)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-03-14T23:00:00Z">15 March 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 108</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89837 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-annuls-a-judgment-of-the-eu-general-court-finding-that-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice annuls a judgment of the General Court, finding that previously granted State aid must be disregarded when it applies the private investor principle <em>(FIH)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-03-05T23:00:00Z">6 March 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 96</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89838 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2018/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-bulgaria-s-refusal-to-grant-de-minimis-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that Bulgaria’s refusal to grant <em>de minimis</em> aid on exports is valid as it related to the promotion of sales in another Member State <em>(ZPT AD)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-02-27T23:00:00Z">28 February 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 160</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89839 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2018/the-eu-commission-approves-the-compensation-provided-by-the-uk-to-the-incumbent" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves compensation provided by the UK to the incumbent postal operator for the extra costs of the public services provided for the 2018 - 2021 period <em>(Post Office)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-02-19T23:00:00Z">20 February 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 335</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87100 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for Public Service Obligations <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Every three years the UK determines the compensation it provides to the Post Office Limited (POL) for the extra costs of the public services it provides. Commission decision SA.48224 approved the compensation for the next three-year (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2018/the-eu-general-court-overturns-a-commission-decision-that-health-insurance" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court overturns a Commission decision that health insurance providers did not receive State aid, after finding that the presence of operators seeking to make profit determines the economic nature of an activity <em>(Dôvera Zdravotná Poistovña)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-02-04T23:00:00Z">5 February 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 92</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89842 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2018/the-eu-general-court-affirms-a-commission-decision-ordering-the-recovery-of" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court affirms a Commission decision ordering the recovery of incompatible State aid granted by Belgium to an airport <em>(Brussels South Charleroi Airport)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-01-24T23:00:00Z">25 January 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 96</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89843 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2018/the-eu-general-court-affirms-a-commission-decision-that-france-did-not-act-as-a" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court affirms a Commission decision that France did not act as a private investor, and that Member States claiming private investor status have to prove it on the basis of objective and verifiable evidence <em>(EDF)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-01-15T23:00:00Z">16 January 2018</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 104</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89844 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2017/the-eu-general-court-affirms-a-commission-decision-finding-that-greek-container" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court affirms a Commission decision finding that Greek container terminal operators received incompatible State aid which must be recovered <em>(Piraeus / Cosco)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-12-12T23:00:00Z">13 December 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 154</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89852 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-competitive-elements-in-a-health-care-system-do" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that competitive elements in a health care system do not make the system economic in nature</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-12-03T23:00:00Z">4 December 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 128</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89835 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2017/the-eu-commission-decides-that-a-danish-levy-intended-to-liberalise-the-horse" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that a Danish levy intended to liberalise the horse racing sector is compatible with State aid rules <em>(Denmark - aid scheme for horse racing sector)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-12-03T23:00:00Z">4 December 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 141</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89850 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-a-member-state-can-only-successfully-claim" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that a Member State can only successfully claim under the private investor principle if it can demonstrate that its decision to invest is based on a prior economic assessment of the profitability of the investment <em>(SACE / SACE BT)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-11-22T23:00:00Z">23 November 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 82</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89860 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-issues-a-ruling-clarifying-the-conditions-under-which" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice issues a ruling clarifying the conditions under which an existing state aid measure can be transformed into a new one <em>(Italian milk quota)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-10-24T22:00:00Z">25 October 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 186</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85309 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-finnish-measures-which-benefited-a-pharmacy-are" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Finnish measures which benefited a pharmacy are not State aid because they were an exercise of regulatory functions for which a fee does not have to be demanded <em>(Yliopiston Apteekki Oy)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-10-22T22:00:00Z">23 October 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 122</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89848 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2017/the-eu-general-court-confirms-that-public-funding-of-an-e-platform-for" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms that public funding of an e-platform for procurement purposes does not constitute State aid <em>(Aanbestedingskalender)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-09-27T22:00:00Z">28 September 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 267</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85307 introduction entry-content"> <p>Activities linked to State prerogatives <br class='autobr' /> Economic activities which cannot be separated from the exercise of public powers cease to be economic in nature. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The dividing line between economic and non-economic activities is in a permanent state of flux. Although it is now clear (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-the-commission-is-obliged-to-consider-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that the Commission is obliged to consider the private investor test in State aid cases, even if it has not been raised by the Member State <em>(Frucona Košice)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 75</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89862 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-a-polish-purchase-obligation-measure-in-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that a Polish purchase obligation measure in the electricity sector does not involve state resources <em>(ENEA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-09-12T22:00:00Z">13 September 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 117</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89863 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2017/the-eu-general-court-finds-that-the-amount-of-state-aid-necessary-to-induce-a" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court finds that the amount of State aid necessary to induce a company to invest in an assisted region is the cost difference between the assisted region and the best alternative location <em>(BMW)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-09-11T22:00:00Z">12 September 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 79</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89864 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-the-eligibility-of-a-state-aid-applicant-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that the eligibility of a State aid applicant and the legality of the aid are determined at the point when the aid is granted <em>(Nerea)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-07-05T22:00:00Z">6 July 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 88</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89886 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-polish-scheme-to-aid-milk-producers-is" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a Polish scheme to aid milk producers is incompatible with the internal market because it is a non-severable violation of other EU law principles <em>(Aid scheme for milk producers)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-06-29T22:00:00Z">30 June 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 87</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89879 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-tax-exemptions-granted-by-spain-to-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that tax exemptions granted by Spain to the Catholic church can constitute State aid if they relate to economic activities <em>(Congregación de Escuelas Pías Provincia Betania / Ayuntamiento de Getafe)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 100</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89926 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-danish-support-for-local-sports-associations-is" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Danish support for local sports associations is not State aid and that if it were, it would be compatible according to the General Block Exemption Regulation</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-06-21T22:00:00Z">22 June 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 164</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89853 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2017/the-eu-commission-approves-as-compatible-with-the-internal-market-an-r-d" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves as compatible with the internal market an R&D measure in the air sector notified by France and Germany, after finding it complies with the RDI framework</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-06-18T22:00:00Z">19 June 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 121</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89841 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-the-transfer-of-public-assets-between-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that the transfer of public assets between State-owned companies for the purpose of extinguishing a debt may constitute State aid <em>(Fondul Proprietatea / Complexul Energetic Oltenia)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-05-17T22:00:00Z">18 May 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 113</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89928 introduction entry-content"> <p>Transfer of State Assets between State-Owned Companies* <br class='autobr' /> Transfers of public assets for the purpose of extinguishing debt have to be valued according to private creditor principle. Transfers of public assets that involve State aid must be notified to the Commission. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Sale or (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-the-transfer-of-trademarks-to-the-danish-dairy" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the transfer of trademarks to the Danish Dairy Board is illegal State aid <em>(Lurpak)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-05-04T22:00:00Z">5 May 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 167</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89922 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2017/the-eu-general-court-partly-annuls-a-commission-decision-for-misapplying-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court partly annuls a Commission decision for misapplying the market economy operator test by failing to establish a causal link between the obligations assumed by an infrastructure operator and the costs it bears <em>(Germanwings)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-26T22:00:00Z">27 April 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 72</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89930 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-german-financial-instruments-supporting-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that German financial instruments supporting the renovation of a congress centre are State aid compatible with the internal market <em>(Revitalisation of the Hamburg Congress Centre)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-06T22:00:00Z">7 April 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 126</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89874 introduction entry-content"> <p>Calculating the Amount of State Aid in a 100% Public Guarantee* <br class='autobr' /> The proxy rates in the Commission Notice on Guarantees cannot be used in cases of state guarantees that cover 100% of the underlying loans. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Last week’s article reviewed the terms of the operation of regional (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2017/the-eu-general-court-affirms-a-commission-decision-that-compensation-for-public" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court affirms a Commission decision that compensation for public services and a capital increase granted by Sardinia to a maritime company is aid incompatible with the internal market <em>(Regione autonoma della Sardegna)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-05T22:00:00Z">6 April 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 222</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89934 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub (click here). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no relationships with a party or related third party. Article will need (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2017/the-eu-commission-approves-concession-agreements-in-the-greek-air-sector" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves concession agreements in the Greek air sector, finding that they do not constitute State aid <em>(Fraport Regional Airports)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-16T23:00:00Z">17 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 83</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89875 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-the-sale-of-part-of-an-austrian-bank-is-not-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the sale of part of an Austrian bank is not State aid according to the market economy operator test <em>(Kommunalkredit Austria)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-16T23:00:00Z">17 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 152</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89880 introduction entry-content"> <p>Sale of State-Owned Bank* <br class='autobr' /> The sale of a public asset is free of State aid when it is open, transparent, non-discriminatory, unconditional and the award is made to the highest binding and credible offer. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The rules on State aid to financial institutions and banks have become (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2017/the-eu-commission-finds-that-recapitalisation-of-a-portugese-bank-is-not-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that recapitalisation of a Portuguese bank is not a State aid according to the market economy investor principle <em>(Caixa Geral de Depósitos)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-09T23:00:00Z">10 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89877 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2017/the-eu-court-of-justice-considers-the-relationship-between-altmark-and-article" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice assesses the relationship between the Altmark judgment and Article 106(2) TFEU <em>(Viasat Broadcasting)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-07T23:00:00Z">8 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 437</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83642 introduction entry-content"> <p>Altmark requires efficiency: Article 106(2) TFEU does not.* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 8 March 2017, the Court of Justice rendered its judgment in case C‑660/15 P Viasat Broadcasting v European Commission. <br class='autobr' /> Viasat Broadcasting appealed against the judgment of the General Court of 24 September 2015 in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2017/the-eu-general-court-upholds-a-commission-decision-that-a-french-ferry-company" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds a Commission decision that a French ferry company received incompatible aid which must be recovered, and clarifies the definition of a service of general economic interest <em>(SNCM)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-02-28T23:00:00Z">1 March 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 124</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89941 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2017/the-eu-general-court-considers-the-scope-of-public-service-obligations-jorgen-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court considers the scope of public service obligations <em>(Jørgen Andersen)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-01-17T23:00:00Z">18 January 2017</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 328</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83403 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on stateAidHub.eu Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2016/the-eu-commission-approves-state-aid-granted-to-italy-s-third-largest-bank-in" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves State aid granted to Italy’s third largest bank in order to rectify a serious disturbance in the Italian economy <em>(Liquidity support to MPS bank)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-12-28T23:00:00Z">29 December 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 113</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89836 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-renders-a-preliminary-ruling-on-deposit-guarantee" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice renders a preliminary ruling on deposit guarantee schemes <em>(Paul Vervloet / Ministerraad)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-12-20T23:00:00Z">21 December 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 192</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83402 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-an-appeal-by-the-commission-concerning-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds an appeal by the Commission concerning the selectivity of a Spanish tax measure <em>(World Duty Free Group)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-12-20T23:00:00Z">21 December 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 114</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89944 introduction entry-content"> <p>Selectivity Stretched* <br class='autobr' /> Derogations that result in different tax treatment are selective measures. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 21 December 2016, the Commission achieved an important legal victory when the Court of Justice found in its favour in the judgment in joint cases C‑20/15 P and C‑21/15 P, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-in-two-state-aid-cases-regarding-the-pension" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules in two State aid cases regarding the pension scheme of the French incumbent telecom company <em>(Orange)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-11-29T23:00:00Z">30 November 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 150</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82384 introduction entry-content"> <p>Pensions, public statements and private investors* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This article reviews two court judgments both of which concern Orange, the French incumbent telecoms operator. The first judgment finds that compensation for the extra costs of pensions of Orange employees with civil service (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-rejects-an-appeal-concerning-a-spanish-aid-measure-in" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rejects an appeal concerning a Spanish aid measure in favor of a public broadcaster, finding that the amount of aid granted did not depend solely on the amount of tax paid by the appellants <em>(DTS)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-11-09T23:00:00Z">10 November 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 108</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89946 introduction entry-content"> <p>Funding of the Spanish Public Broadcaster and Hypothecation of Taxes* <br class='autobr' /> Tax payers have grounds to object to a tax on the basis of Article 107(1) TFEU only when the tax is “asymmetrical” or when it is “hypothecated” to an aid measure. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 10 November 2016, the Court of Justice (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-hungarian-progressive-tax-on-publishers-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a Hungarian progressive tax on publishers of adverts is an unlawful State aid which must be recovered <em>(Commission / Hungary)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-11-03T23:00:00Z">4 November 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 105</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89933 introduction entry-content"> <p>Identification of the Reference Tax System: The Case of a Tax on Advertising Turnover* <br class='autobr' /> Turnover taxes should be levied at a single rate. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This is the fourth case involving turnover taxes that have been declared to be incompatible with the internal market . A brief summary was (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-on-when-existing-aid-becomes-new-aid-dei" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules on whether and when existing aids become new aid <em>(DEI / Alouminion tis Ellados)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-25T22:00:00Z">26 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 258</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82421 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2016/the-eu-general-court-upholds-a-commission-decision-finding-that-a-danish-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds a Commission decision finding that a Danish aid scheme in favour of the print media sector is compatible with the internal market <em>(Søndagsavisen)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-10T22:00:00Z">11 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 114</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89947 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no relationships (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-state-guarantee-on-a-bond-to-be-issued-by-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a State guarantee on a bond to be issued by a Greek bank to improve its liquidity is aid compatible with the internal market <em>(Attica Bank)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-06T22:00:00Z">7 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 97</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89942 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-croatian-scheme-to-save-banks-in-financial" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a Croatian scheme to save banks in financial distress is compatible with State aid rules and the Directive on bank recovery and resolution <em>(Resolution scheme for small credit institutions with total assets below EUR 1.5 billion)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-04T22:00:00Z">5 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 113</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89932 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2016/the-european-court-of-auditors-publishes-a-special-report-on-compliance-with" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Auditors publishes a special report on compliance with State aid rules in cohesion policy</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-10-03T22:00:00Z">4 October 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 251</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-81656 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub.eu blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-lithuanian-measure-intended-to-transfer-state" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a Lithuanian measure intended to transfer state-owned buildings to science and technology parks does not constitute State aid <em>(Science and Technology Parks)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-28T22:00:00Z">29 September 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 103</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89943 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Aid for R&D: How Intermediaries Pass on Aid to Third Parties* <br class='autobr' /> Operators of research infrastructure do not benefit from State aid, if they fully pass on the aid to the users of the infrastructure. The amount of aid must be quantified. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The beneficiaries of State aid (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-direct-grant-of-regional-investment-aid-given-to" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a direct grant of regional investment aid given to a German textile company was made in accordance with the Regional Block Exemption Regulation <em>(Getzner Textil Weberei GmbH)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-21T22:00:00Z">22 September 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 77</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89931 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/the-eu-general-court-considers-the-distinction-between-private-investors-and" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court finds that the asset transfer between two companies constituted a State aid and is compatible with the internal market on certain condition <em>(FIH)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-14T22:00:00Z">15 September 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 200</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82311 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/the-eu-commission-issues-several-state-aid-decisions-finding-no-evidence-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission issues several State aid decisions finding no evidence of impact on cross-border trade</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 250</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82312 introduction entry-content"> <p>No affectation of trade* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In April 2015, the Commission surprised us with seven decisions that concluded that planned State aid was not likely to have any effect on trade between Member States. Those decisions were reviewed here on 15 June 2015. [1] The Commission gave prominence (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2017/the-eu-commission-highlights-the-distinction-between-indirect-and-secondary" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission highlights the distinction between indirect and secondary effects of a State aid in a case regarding regional airports <em>(Sardinia Airports)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-28T22:00:00Z">29 July 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 179</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-85308 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-belgian-alternative-tax-scheme-for-the-diamond" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a Belgian alternative tax scheme for the diamond sector does not constitute State aid</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-28T22:00:00Z">29 July 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 96</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89951 introduction entry-content"> <p>Belgium’s Alternative Tax Regime for the Diamond Sector* <br class='autobr' /> Alternative tax regimes do not provide State aid as long as they raise the amount of tax paid and they are justified by the nature or general scheme of the normal system of taxation. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> During the past three years, the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2016/the-eu-commission-orders-recovery-of-state-aid-to-support-research-valdeal-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission orders recovery of State aid and examines the definition of research in the context of aids granted for R&D purposes <em>(ValDeal / CEATF)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-24T22:00:00Z">25 July 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 166</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83581 introduction entry-content"> <p>State aid for R&D: What is research?* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The purpose of research is to discover something new. But what is often difficult to define for public authorities that wish to stimulate more research activities is how new must be the outcome of research. It is rare that research (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-that-an-aid-scheme-which-omits-express-reference" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds that an aid scheme that omits express reference to the General Block Exemption Regulation cannot be considered to fulfill the conditions for exemption from notification set out in the Regulation <em>(Dilly’s Wellnesshotel)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-20T22:00:00Z">21 July 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 100</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89955 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2016/the-european-union-court-of-justice-renders-its-judgment-on-burden-sharing-and" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice renders its judgment on burden-sharing and State aid to banks <em>(Kotnik)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-18T22:00:00Z">19 July 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 487</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-81284 introduction entry-content"> <p>Burden-sharing and State aid to banks* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 19 July 2016, the Court of Justice rendered its judgment in case C‑526/14, Tadej Kotnik and others v Državni zbor Republike Slovenije. The judgment was in response to a request for a preliminary ruling from the constitutional court of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2016/the-eu-general-court-rules-on-the-concept-of-advantage-in-relation-to-the-costs" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules on the concept of advantage in relation to the costs borne by competitors <em>(Germany)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-13T22:00:00Z">14 July 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 203</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-81648 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for the extra costs imposed by law* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 14 July 2016, the General Court rendered its judgment in case T 143/12, Germany v Commission. The outcome was a victory for Germany as the General Court annulled Commission decision 2012/636 which had ordered Germany to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-public-service-compensation-granted-by-italy-to-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that public service compensation granted by Italy to a local transport company is incompatible State aid which must be recovered <em>(ARFEA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-06-09T22:00:00Z">10 June 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 69</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89945 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2016/the-eu-general-court-affirms-a-commission-decision-that-aid-granted-to-german" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court affirms a Commission’s decision that aid granted to German climbing centers is compatible with the internal market, finding that the Commission’s economic analysis was sufficient <em>(Magic Mountain Kletterhallen)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-06-08T22:00:00Z">9 June 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 136</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89956 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compatible State Aid May Have Negative Effects on some Market Operators* <br class='autobr' /> The existence of market failure is not necessary for aid to be declared compatible under Article 107(3). Market failure does not mean that the market is completely unable to supply a good or service. State aid aiming to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2016/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-the-benefits-of-a-state-guarantee-can-only-be" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that the benefits of a state guarantee can only be assumed in the case of borrowing, and that in other types of transaction the Commission must prove their existence <em>(IFP Énergies nouvelles)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-05-25T22:00:00Z">26 May 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 87</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90052 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2016/the-eu-general-court-upholds-a-commission-decision-finding-that-aid-measures" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds the Commission’s decision finding that aid measures targeting consumers with particular needs not adequately provided by the market do not unduly distort competition <em>(Hamr / Sport)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-05-11T22:00:00Z">12 May 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 92</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90053 introduction entry-content"> <p>Sport Facilities, the Balancing Test and Distortion of Competition* <br class='autobr' /> Aid measures that target persons with particular needs and who are not adequately provided by the market are not likely to be found to distort competition contrary to the common interest, even if there is some substitutability (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2016/the-eu-general-court-upholds-the-commission-s-finding-that-german-measures-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds the Commission’s finding that German measures to support green electricity are incompatible with State aid rules <em>(Germany / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-05-09T22:00:00Z">10 May 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 115</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90073 introduction entry-content"> <p>Support for Green Electricity: State Resources and “PreussenElektra”* <br class='autobr' /> Arrangements established by law whereby undertakings are compensated for any extra payments they make to producers of green electricity are likely to bring those payments under the control of the state. Those payments will (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2016/the-eu-general-court-confirms-that-state-aid-is-an-objective-concept-and-that" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms that State aid is an objective concept, and that in assessing aid measures the Commission is not bound by tax exemptions authorised by the Council <em>(Ireland / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-04-21T22:00:00Z">22 April 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 85</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90084 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2016/the-eu-general-court-overturns-a-commission-decision-finding-slovakian-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court overturns a Commission decision finding Slovakian aid incompatible, holding that the Commission must consider the private investor test even where it has not been raised by the member state <em>(Frucona Košice)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-03-15T23:00:00Z">16 March 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 61</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90227 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2016/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-general-court-s-finding-that-greek" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the General Court’s finding that Greek compensation payments made to farmers are incompatible State aid which must be recovered <em>(Greece / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-03-07T23:00:00Z">8 March 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 87</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90253 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-an-exemption-from-an-electricity-fee-granted-by" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that an exemption from an electricity fee granted by Lithuania is compatible with the Regional Aid Guidelines <em>(Regional aid scheme for the promotion of the development of strategic ICT projects)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-02-17T23:00:00Z">18 February 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 686</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89927 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-german-local-infrastructure-renewal-scheme-does" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a German local infrastructure renewal scheme does not constitute State aid <em>(Village renewal and infrastructure projects in rural areas)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-02-03T23:00:00Z">4 February 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 122</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90249 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2016/the-eu-commission-finds-that-belgian-funding-of-public-infrastructure-does-not" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Belgian funding of public infrastructure does not constitute State aid <em>(Uplace)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-01-07T23:00:00Z">8 January 2016</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 137</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90258 introduction entry-content"> <p>When Infrastructure is not Public: Dedicated, Project-Specific and Bespoke* <br class='autobr' /> Public funding of open and freely used infrastructure is not State aid. Public funding of project-specific, dedicated or bespoke infrastructure is State aid. Public funding of infrastructure connecting public and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-greek-resolution-measure-to-cover-a-bank-s" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a Greek resolution measure to cover a bank’s funding gap does not constitute State aid <em>(Bank of Peloponnese)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-16T23:00:00Z">17 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 69</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90092 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2015/the-eu-general-court-overturns-a-commission-finding-that-a-spanish-tax-lease" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court overturns a Commission finding that a Spanish tax lease system is illegal State aid <em>(Spain / Lico Leasing / Pequeños y Medianos Astilleros Sociedad de Reconversión)</em> </a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-16T23:00:00Z">17 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 106</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90267 introduction entry-content"> <p>An Exception Is Not Necessarily Selective: The Case of the Spanish Tax Lease* <br class='autobr' /> An exception from a tax system is not selective if it is a priori open to any tax payer. Checks by tax authorities to ensure that a measure is applied correctly do not constitute exercise of administrative discretion (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-publicly-funded-advisory-and-information" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that publicly funded advisory and information activities in the dairy sector can constitute State aid <em>(Verband der deutschen Milchwirtschaft)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-15T23:00:00Z">16 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 77</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90251 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2015/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-the-sale-of-greek-goldmines-for-below-their" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that the sale of Greek goldmines for below their market value is incompatible State aid <em>(Greece / Ellinikos Chrysos)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-12-08T23:00:00Z">9 December 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 86</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90266 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-german-levy-to-offset-the-cost-of-compulsory" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a German levy to offset the cost of compulsory milk quality tests is incompatible State aid <em>(Milk quality tests)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-17T22:00:00Z">18 September 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 67</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90263 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-dutch-subsidies-for-the-acquisition-of-land-for" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Dutch subsidies for the acquisition of land for nature conservation are compatible with State aid <em>(Nature land)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-01T22:00:00Z">2 September 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 142</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90261 introduction entry-content"> <p>Nature Conservation as a Service of General Economic Interest* <br class='autobr' /> Public funding of non-economic activities does not create State aid problems when any related economic activities are clearly separated. The 2012 SGEI package can apply retroactively. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Member States of the European (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-hungarian-investment-in-a-port-s-infrastructure-is" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Hungarian investment in a port’s infrastructure is compatible State aid <em>(Port of Baja)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-08-20T22:00:00Z">21 August 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 83</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90260 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-italian-aid-granted-to-companies-suffering-damage" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Italian aid granted to companies suffering damage from natural disasters is incompatible, but that recovery is impossible <em>(Measures linked to natural disasters)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-08-13T22:00:00Z">14 August 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 74</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90256 introduction entry-content"> <p>a) Natural Disasters and b) Absolute Impossibility to Recover Incompatible State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Aid to remedy the damage caused by natural disasters can be granted only if the damage is the direct consequence of the disaster and the amount of aid must be limited to the actual damage suffered by each (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/the-eu-commission-approves-an-aid-falling-within-the-exemption-for-important-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves an aid falling within the exemption for important projects of common European interest <i>(Fehmarn belt)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-26T22:00:00Z">27 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 229</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77171 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Pricing of Access to an Important Project of Common European Interest* <br class='autobr' /> Infrastructure that is commercially exploited [e.g. charging of tolls] is an economic activity. Infrastructure that is freely available to users is not economic activity. Access fees or tolls may be regulated. State aid (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-french-electricity-company-received-incompatible" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a French electricity company received incompatible State aid <em>(EDF)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-21T22:00:00Z">22 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 80</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90259 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/The-European-Commission-assesses-77173" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission assesses whether a State acted as a private creditor when it allowed a debtor to continue operations <i>(JSC Liepajas Metalurgs)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-19T22:00:00Z">20 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 113</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77173 introduction entry-content"> <p>The State Acting as a Private Creditor & State Aid Enforcement and Procedural Rights* <br class='autobr' /> In this article I review Commission decision SA.37100 on JSC Liepajas Metalurgs [LM], once Latvia’s largest steel company and major employer. The decision examines whether Latvia acted promptly to recover (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-rules-on-77156" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules on how to determine a market price, blurring the lines of its own case law <i>(BVVG / Landkreis Jerichower Land in Germany)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-15T22:00:00Z">16 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 167</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77156 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Challenge of Calculating a Market Price* <br class='autobr' /> The market price of land or buildings can be determined via auction, expert valuation or other appropriate methods. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 16 July 2015, the Court of Justice delivered its judgment in case C‑39/14, BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-french-state-investment-agency-s-injection-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a French state investment agency’s injection of capital into a manufacturing company does not constitute State aid <em>(Altrad)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-06T22:00:00Z">7 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 92</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90269 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/The-EU-General-Court-rules-again" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules again on whether public pronouncements confer an advantage to undertakings <i>(France Télécom)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-07-01T22:00:00Z">2 July 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 2264</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77162 introduction entry-content"> <p>When Do Public Pronouncements Confer an Advantage to Undertakings?* <br class='autobr' /> Public pronouncements can confer an advantage if they are sufficiently precise and clearly commit a public authority to support an undertaking. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Politicians often claim that they would never allow important (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2015/The-EU-General-Court-explains-that-74816" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court explains that a public authority can act as a private investor in paying to bring forward future revenue <i>(Netherlands, Gemeente Leidschendam-Voorburg, Bouwfonds Ontwikkeling and Schouten & De Jong Projectontwikkeling)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-29T22:00:00Z">30 June 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 132</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74816 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Market Economy Investor Principle Applies also to Avoidance of Losses* <br class='autobr' /> A public authority can act as a private investor in paying to avoid costly contractual clauses. A public authority can act as a private investor in paying to bring forward future revenue. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When a market (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2015/The-EU-General-Court-states-that-74817" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court states that, despite having a margin of discretion, a prudent private investor always carries out an assessment of the potential profitability of the investment before it commits any money <i>(SACE and Sace BT)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-24T22:00:00Z">25 June 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 407</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74817 introduction entry-content"> <p>Application of the MEIP to Transactions between Parent and Subsidiary Companies* <br class='autobr' /> The Market Economy Investor Principle also applies to transactions between related companies. A private investor enjoys a margin of discretion in deciding in favour or against an investment. However, despite that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2015/The-EU-General-Court-reminds" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court reminds Member States that individual awards of de minimis aid must remain below the relevant threshold as well as the sum of all individual awards in any three-year period <i>(Italy)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-23T22:00:00Z">24 June 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 224</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74814 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Use and Abuse of De Minimis Aid & State Resources* <br class='autobr' /> Individual awards of de minimis aid must remain below the relevant threshold as well as the sum of all individual awards in any three-year period. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This article reviews a case that, among other things, deal with the use (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2015/The-European-Court-of-Justice-74819" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds that levying charges to maintain equal treatment is not necessarily selective <i>(MOL Magyar Olaj)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-03T22:00:00Z">4 June 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 163</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74819 introduction entry-content"> <p>Levying of Charges to Maintain Equal Treatment Is Not Necessarily Selective* <br class='autobr' /> The standard of proof of whether a measure is selective depends on whether that measure is a scheme or a grant of individual aid. Measures providing for exemption are by definition selective. Measures that impose (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2015/the-eu-court-of-justice-explains-that-measures-that-impose-additional-charges-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice explains that measures that impose additional charges for the purpose of maintaining equality between operators do not necessarily qualify as State aid <em>(Kernkraftwerke Lippe-Ems / Hauptzollamt Osnabrück)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-03T22:00:00Z">4 June 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 185</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74820 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2015/The-European-Commission-reminds-74815" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission clarifies that aid measures which are funded by beneficiaries themselves are unlikely to constitute State aid <i>(Flemish Centre for Agricultural and Fisheries Marketing)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-05-27T22:00:00Z">28 May 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 192</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74815 introduction entry-content"> <p>Commission in decision SA.39652* <br class='autobr' /> Aid measures which are funded by beneficiaries themselves are unlikely to constitute State aid. <br class='autobr' /> De minimis aid may be granted on condition that not only individual awards of aid remain below the various thresholds defined in different de minimis regulations (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2015/The-EU-Commissions-explains-that-a" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court explains that a restructuring aid can finance any part of a restructuring plan and that compensatory measures initiated before the granting of restructuring aid can be taken into account as long as they are linked to the restructuring itself <i>(Niki Luftfahrt)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-05-12T22:00:00Z">13 May 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74156 introduction entry-content"> <p>Restructuring Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Restructuring aid can finance any part of a restructuring plan. Compensatory measures initiated before the granting of restructuring aid can be taken into account as long as they are linked to the restructuring itself. <br class='autobr' /> Restructuring aid <br class='autobr' /> On 13 May 2015, the General Court (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/The-European-Commission-finds-74126" rel="bookmark">The European Commission finds measures offering free services to SMEs not to constitute State aid because they could not be reasonably expected to affect cross-border trade <i>(Wirtschaftsbüro Gaarden)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 153</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74126 introduction entry-content"> <p>Germany Scores a Hat-trick of Non-Aid Measures!* <br class='autobr' /> At the end of April, the European Commission announced that seven measures were found not to constitute State aid because they could not be reasonably expected to affect cross-border trade. The finding of no affectation of trade is rare. That (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/The-European-Commission-finds-a-74127" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds a measure allowing a rental agreement to accommodate medical practitioners at a preferential rate not to constitute State aid because its scope is too limited and there is no effect on trade between Member States <i>(Medical centre in Durmersheim)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 196</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74127 introduction entry-content"> <p>Germany Scores a Hat-trick of Non-Aid Measures!* <br class='autobr' /> At the end of April, the European Commission announced that seven measures were found not to constitute State aid because they could not be reasonably expected to affect cross-border trade. The finding of no affectation of trade is rare. That (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/The-Europea-Commission-finds" rel="bookmark">The European Commission finds measures not to constitute State aid in the medical sector because, being of interest only for local patients, they did not effected trade between member States <i>(Landgrafen - Klinik)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 193</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74133 introduction entry-content"> <p>Germany Scores a Hat-trick of Non-Aid Measures!* <br class='autobr' /> At the end of April, the European Commission announced that seven measures were found not to constitute State aid because they could not be reasonably expected to affect cross-border trade. The finding of no affectation of trade is rare. That (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/The-European-Commission-finds-74134" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds a measure aimed at helping public hospitals not to constitute State aid because it did not affect the trade between member States <i>(Hradec Králové Region)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 252</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74134 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/The-European-Commission-finds-a-74135" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds a measure helping an outdoor training centre not to constitute State aid for lack of affectation of interstate trade, based on the local origin of users <i>(Glenmore Lodge)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 214</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74135 introduction entry-content"> <p>SA.37963: Glenmore Lodge, UK* <br class='autobr' /> At the end of April, the European Commission announced that seven measures were found not to constitute State aid because they could not be reasonably expected to affect cross-border trade. The finding of no affectation of trade is rare. That seven measures were (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/the-european-commission-finds-a-measure-not-to-constitute-state-aid-because-the-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds a measure not to constitute State aid because the services provided occurs at a local level and is thus unlikely to attract customers from the other Member States to any meaningful degree <i>(Community Amateur Sports Clubs)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-28T22:00:00Z">29 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 248</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74136 introduction entry-content"> <p>SA.38208: Member-owned golf clubs, UK* <br class='autobr' /> At the end of April, the European Commission announced that seven measures were found not to constitute State aid because they could not be reasonably expected to affect cross-border trade. The finding of no affectation of trade is rare. That seven (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/the-eu-commission-holds-that-an-incompatible-aid-can-be-recovered-from-an" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that an incompatible aid can be recovered from an undertaking that continues some of the activities of an insolvent undertaking that received the aid <i>(Termoelectrica / Electrocentrale Deva)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-04-19T22:00:00Z">20 April 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 173</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77181 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/The-EU-General-Court-explains-that" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court explains that the fact that undertakings are obliged by law to comply with certain tests does not justify the subsidisation of their costs with public funds <i>(Belgium)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-24T23:00:00Z">25 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 175</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-73393 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/the-eu-commission-finds-that-greek-tax-measures-that-benefit-a-container-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Greek tax measures that benefit a container terminal are incompatible with State aid rules <em>(Piraeus / Cosco)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-22T23:00:00Z">23 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 113</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90271 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/the-eu-court-of-justice-and-general-court-explain-how-to-determine-whether" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice and General Court explain how to determine whether state guarantees constitute State aid and how much aid is involved <i>(Banco Privado Português)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-18T23:00:00Z">19 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 377</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72683 introduction entry-content"> <p>State Guarantees* <br class='autobr' /> The amount of State aid in a guarantee that makes possible the granting of a loan to a well-collateralised firm in difficulty is not the difference in premium but the difference in interest rates. Beneficiaries of guarantees not notified to the Commission do not have any (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/the-eu-commission-rules-that-sgei-providers-can-be-compensated-in-a-way-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission rules that SGEI providers can be compensated in a way that induces them to become more efficient <i>(UK Post Office)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-18T23:00:00Z">19 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 311</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77163 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/The-European-Commission-agrees-73355" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission agrees that where there is a constitutional division of tax competences, different authorities may tax similar activities at different rates</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-16T23:00:00Z">17 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 138</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-73355 introduction entry-content"> <p>A National Measure that Does Not Apply at Regional Level Is Not Necessarily Selective* <br class='autobr' /> Where there is a constitutional division of tax competences, different authorities may tax similar activities at different rates. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This article examines Commission decision SA.34469 on (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/The-European-Commission-explains-74148" rel="bookmark">The European Commission shows the way to how a public investment can be free of State aid <i>(Project Carnj)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-15T23:00:00Z">16 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 135</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74148 introduction entry-content"> <p>How Injection of Public Capital Can Be Free of State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Injection of public capital in an undertaking conforms with the market economy investor principle when: The public investment is equal and concomitant to private investment. The public investment has economic significance and is not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/the-european-commission-closes-an-investigation-regarding-a-state-aid-scheme" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission closes an investigation regarding a State aid scheme and proves that it will pursue ex post monitoring vigorously <i>(Enterprise Capital Funds)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-03-08T23:00:00Z">9 March 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 158</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74125 introduction entry-content"> <p>Ex post Monitoring of a Risk Capital Fund* <br class='autobr' /> Ex post monitoring will be pursued vigorously by the Commission. Irregularities in the implementation of State aid measures may lead to the opening of the formal investigation procedure. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This article examines Commission decision (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2015/The-European-Commission-and-EU" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that compensation for structural disadvantages encumbering undertakings is still State aid except if it satisfies the Altmark criteria<i> (France)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-02-25T23:00:00Z">26 February 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 260</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72565 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2015/The-EU-General-Court-holds-that-72012" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that when the Commission orders recovery of aid that is intended to be passed on to final consumers, it must first calculate the amount, if any, that has been retained by the direct recipients of the aid <em>(Aer Lingus) (Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-02-04T23:00:00Z">5 February 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 164</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72012 introduction entry-content"> <p>A New but Dubious Concept of Advantage * <br class='autobr' /> When the Commission orders recovery of aid that is intended to be passed on to final consumers, it must first calculate the amount, if any, that has been retained by the direct recipients of the aid. If the calculation is too complex, the Commission can (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2015/The-EU-General-Court-agrees" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court surprisingly agrees to a reduction of the recoverable amount of an aid according to the amount allegedly passed on to consumers <em>(Aer Lingus)</em> <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-02-04T23:00:00Z">5 February 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 123</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77175 introduction entry-content"> <p>Should State Aid that Is Passed on to Consumers Not be Recovered?* <br class='autobr' /> Should the amount of recoverable aid be similarly reduced by the amount that is allegedly passed on to consumers? I will argue the case against it. Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 5 February 2015, the General Court, in cases T-473/12, Aer (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2015/The-European-Commission-shows-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission closes an investigation and shows that less ex-ante control will be followed by more ex-post control of State aid schemes</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-22T23:00:00Z">23 January 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 121</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74145 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Perils of Ex Post Monitoring* <br class='autobr' /> Greater use of the new General Block Exemption Regulation means fewer State aid measures subject to notification and ex ante assessment by the Commission. However, less ex ante control will be followed by more ex post control. Member States should be prepared (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2015/The-European-Commission-finds-77169" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission reminds national Courts that neither the importance of a service nor a decision of a tribunal is sufficient to remove a public measure from the scope of application of State aid rules <em>(CSTP / Buonotourist / Micula)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-18T23:00:00Z">19 January 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 196</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77169 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensation for Public Service Obligations and Compensation for Damage* <br class='autobr' /> Compensation for public service obligations is compatible with the internal market when, at minimum, a PSO is well defined in an entrustment constituting an official act of a public authority, the revenues and costs of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2015/The-GCEU-holds-that-different" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that different interventions that aim to finance the same restructuring plan constitute a single measure <i>(SeaFrance)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-14T23:00:00Z">15 January 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 119</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-71706 introduction entry-content"> <p>i) SeaFrance* <br class='autobr' /> When a public authority makes an investment in a financially troubled company, the State aid bells should start ringing. However, it is now a well-established principle of the case law on State aid that even when a public authority invests in a troubled company, there is not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2015/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-public-funding-of-bus-lanes-used-by-british" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that public funding of bus lanes used by British taxis does not constitute State aid <em>(Eventech / Parking Adjudicator)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-13T23:00:00Z">14 January 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 93</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90276 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2015/The-GCEU-explains-that-in-the" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court explains that in the field of State aid it is not necessary to define precisely the relevant market in order to determine the existence of an advantage <i>(Club Hotel Loutraki)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-07T23:00:00Z">8 January 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 182</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-71688 introduction entry-content"> <p>ii) Monopolies and the market economy investor principle* <br class='autobr' /> Several casinos in Greece appealed against Commission decision SA.33988 which found that an exclusive licence granted to OPAP, the Greek betting undertaking, to operate 35,000 video lottery terminals [exclusive rights 1] and the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/The-European-Commission-explains-72014" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission explains that public funding does not have to satisfy the very strict Altmark criteria in order to be authorised if it complies with the relevant regulation or guidelines <i>(Stretto airport)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-22T23:00:00Z">23 December 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 242</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72014 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/The-European-Commission-holds-that-72599" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that services provided by a public authority in the exercise of its public duties are not economic in nature, even if market operators offer similar services <i>(TenderNed)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-17T23:00:00Z">18 December 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 263</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72599 introduction entry-content"> <p>Electronic procurement in the Netherlands* <br class='autobr' /> Services provided by a public authority in the exercise of its public duties are not economic in nature, even if market operators offer similar services. <br class='autobr' /> The decision analyse in depth the presence or not of economic activity and also respond to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/The-European-Commission-reviews-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission clears an acquisition in the baking sector through a division of assets <em>(Catalunya Banc / BBVA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-16T23:00:00Z">17 December 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 198</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-74818 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-a-tax-measure-that-applies-to-certain-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that a tax measure that applies to certain transactions is not selective if it does not preclude any company or type of asset <i>(Netherlands Maritime Technology Association)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-08T23:00:00Z">9 December 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 165</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70709 introduction entry-content"> <p>Tax Measures with Specific Objectives Can still Be General* <br class='autobr' /> A tax measure that applies to certain transactions is not selective if it does not preclude any company or type of asset. Conditions for the application of a tax measure may be justified by the logic of the tax system. The Commission (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-environmental-harm-does-not-make-state-aid-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that environmental harm does not make State aid incompatible with the internal market <em>(Castelnou Energía)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-02T23:00:00Z">3 December 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 322</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-71687 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2014/The-General-Court-of-the-EU-70710" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court reminds Member States that when they claim that an exemption follows from the logic of the tax system they have to make sure that they treat equally and consistently all similar cases <i>(Aer Lingus / Ryanair)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-24T23:00:00Z">25 November 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 171</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70710 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2014/The-European-Commission-finds-72564" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds State aid in the form of subordinated loans to SMEs to be compatible with the internal market <em>(Saxony)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-24T23:00:00Z">25 November 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 209</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72564 introduction entry-content"> <p>Loans for SMEs* <br class='autobr' /> Low-interest loans may be used to support investments. The granting of de minimis aid through loans is possible only if loans are secured against collateral. The 2008 Commission Communication on interest rates does not apply to subordinated, non-collateralised loans. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2014/The-European-Commission-reminds" rel="bookmark">The European Commission reminds that it does not only examines the compatibility of the aid itself but also the compatibility of the levy or tax with internal market rules <i>(Renewable energy)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-24T23:00:00Z">25 November 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 146</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72614 introduction entry-content"> <p>Green Electricity and Reduction of Energy Taxes for Energy-Intensive Users* <br class='autobr' /> Support of electricity production from renewable energy sources is normally compatible with the internal market. Reduction of taxes on electricity used by energy-intensive industries is allowed only for certain sectors (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2014/the-eu-general-court-holds-that-tax-measures-are-selective-when-they-constitute-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court holds that tax measures are selective when they constitute an exception or deviation from the normal tax system, and are limited to a pre-defined group of undertakings <em>(Banco Santander)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-06T23:00:00Z">7 November 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 209</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70599 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/the-eu-commission-holds-that-infrastructure-projects-which-are-economic-in-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that infrastructure projects which are economic in nature are subject to State aid scrutiny regardless of their importance <em>(HH Ferries)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-14T22:00:00Z">15 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 218</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70711 introduction entry-content"> <p>An Important Project of Common European Interest* <br class='autobr' /> Infrastructure projects which are economic in nature are subject to State aid scrutiny regardless of their importance. However, public funding of transport networks which are open to all users does not constitute State aid. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/the-european-commission-holds-that-the-granting-of-exclusive-rights-may-confer-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that the granting of exclusive rights may confer an advantage but does not in itself result in transfer of state resources <i>(Jadrolinija Imuna Pharm)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-14T22:00:00Z">15 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 260</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72013 introduction entry-content"> <p>Exclusive Rights* <br class='autobr' /> The granting of exclusive rights may confer an advantage but does not in itself result in transfer of state resources. Private undertakings that hold exclusive rights are not utilising state resources by the mere fact that they operate under rights conferred by the state. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/The-European-Commission-explains-72598" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission explains that a system which is predominantly based on solidarity does not become economic in nature when operators have a small degree of discretion to compete on quality and to make profit from efficient provision of services <i>(Spoločná zdravotná poisťovňa)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-14T22:00:00Z">15 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 351</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72598 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on State Aid Hub (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/The-European-Commission-reminds-73349" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission reminds Member States of mistakes they can avoid when they compensate operators on whom they impose public service obligations <i>(Dublin Bus / Irish Bus)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-14T22:00:00Z">15 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 240</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-73349 introduction entry-content"> <p>Public Service Obligations: A Few More Mistakes that Can Be Avoided* <br class='autobr' /> Even efficient companies will fail the 4th Altmark criterion if their costs are not proven to be comparable to those of a typical and well-equipped undertaking. Public funding of infrastructure is not State aid to users only (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/the-eu-commission-orders-the-recovery-of-incompatible-aid-from-the-successor" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission orders the recovery of incompatible aid from the "successor" company due to economic continuity <i>(NCHZ)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-14T22:00:00Z">15 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 133</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77180 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-tax" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that tax amortisation of financial goodwill arising from the acquisition of foreign companies constitutes State aid that is incompatible with the internal market <i>(Spain)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-10-13T22:00:00Z">14 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 101</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-73069 introduction entry-content"> <p>Corporate taxation* <br class='autobr' /> Last October, the Commission adopted decision 2015/314 which was published in the Official Journal on 27 February 2015. In this decision, the Commission finds that tax amortisation of financial goodwill arising from the acquisition of foreign companies constitutes State aid (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/The-European-Commission-holds-that-70941" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that public funding of infrastructure which is open to any user does not constitute State aid <i>(Propapier)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-30T22:00:00Z">1 October 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 174</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70941 introduction entry-content"> <p>Use of Publicly-Funded Infrastructure without State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Public funding of infrastructure which is open to any user does not constitute State aid. Public funding for the upgrading/extension of infrastructure in view of expected increase in the number of users is not State aid as long as it is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/The-Court-of-Justice-and-the" rel="bookmark">The Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU hold that a measure adopted via faulty procedures can be a State aid and that the mere quality of competitor is not sufficient to be considered as individually concerned <i>(Commerz Nederland ; Dansk Automat)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-25T22:00:00Z">26 September 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 115</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69495 introduction entry-content"> <p>i) State Aid Can Be Attributed to the State even when Granted via Faulty Procedures ii) Who Can Challenge a Commission Decision Authorising State Aid?* Main points For a measure to constitute State aid, it must, among other things, be attributed to a decision of the state. When a State aid (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/The-European-Commission-publishes-72600" rel="bookmark">The European Commission publishes a textbook decision that gives ample guidance on how to establish whether a public authority acts as a market operator or private investor <i>(NEUWOGES / Bavaria Immobilien)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-15T22:00:00Z">16 September 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 144</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-72600 introduction entry-content"> <p>Land Development* <br class='autobr' /> The sale of land and buildings owned by a public authority conforms with the market economy operator principle when i) it is profitable, ii) there is no alternative transaction that is economically more attractive, and iii) the sale is as profitable as similar transactions (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/the-eu-court-of-justice-outlines-the-principles-that-apply-to-recovery-of-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice outlines the principles that apply to recovery of incompatible aid <i>(Commission / Germany)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-10T22:00:00Z">11 September 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 292</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69348 introduction entry-content"> <p>i) Domestic Legal Problems Do Not Make the Recovery of Incompatible Aid Absolutely Impossible ii) Role of National Courts in Cases of Non-notified Aid* Main points The only defence for non-recovery of incompatible State aid is absolute impossibility. Obstacles in domestic legal proceedings (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/The-General-Court-of-the-EU-and-69392" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court and the European Commission focus on relative prices instead of absolute prices in assessing if price regulation of casinos entry tickets can be a State aid <i>(Greece / Commission)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-10T22:00:00Z">11 September 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 91</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69392 introduction entry-content"> <p>Advantage from High Entry Prices: Can It Be That Both the Commission and the General Court Have Misunderstood Simple Economics?* Main points Price regulation can constitute State aid if the state forgoes potential revenue. However, for price regulation to constitute State aid it must (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/The-General-Court-of-the-EU-and" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court and the Commission explain how to determine the existence of selectivity when similar but not identical measures are adopted by similar authorities in the same Member State <i>(Hansestadt Lübeck)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-08T22:00:00Z">9 September 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 128</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69271 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Jurisdictional Side of Selectivity* Main points A measure determined independently by similar public entities is not selective even if it varies across those entities. A measure is selective when the entity that has adopted it, applies it differently to undertakings which are within its (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/The-European-Commission-holds-that-70433" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that regulation on land use or changes in such regulations do not constitute State aid <i>(Forest Land in Bulgaria)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-09-04T22:00:00Z">5 September 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 160</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70433 introduction entry-content"> <p>Land Transactions: Commercial Deals v Regulatory Acts* <br class='autobr' /> Regulation on land use or changes in such regulations do not constitute State aid. Administrative methods for calculating the value of public land do not necessarily prevent the granting of State aid if they do not reflect the evolution in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/The-European-Commission-applies-70461" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission applies for the first time the General Block Exemption Regulation to sport infrastructures and holds that their public funding may constitute State aid <em>(Kristall Bäder)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-22T22:00:00Z">23 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 388</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70461 introduction entry-content"> <p>The First Application of the New GBER to Sport Infrastructure* <br class='autobr' /> Public funding of local sport infrastructure may constitute State aid. The granting of a concession contract for the construction and/or operation of the infrastructure may not exclude State aid for the concessionaire. Measures (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2015/The-European-Commission-clears-a-77172" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission clears a subsidy composed of shareholder loans, capital injections and infrastructure expansion and improvements <i>(Leipzig-Halle Airport)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-22T22:00:00Z">23 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 135</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-77172 introduction entry-content"> <p>Airport Infrastructure, Public Remit and the MEOT* <br class='autobr' /> A public authority, acting as a private investor, may provide finance which is free of state aid to an airport and at the same time grant state aid to the same airport. Public funding of activities that fall within the exclusive tasks of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/the-eu-commission-finds-that-some-aid-measures-granted-in-support-of-a-french" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that some aid measures granted in support of a French airport are compatible, while others are not and must be recovered <em>(Nîmes-Uzès-Le Vigan)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-22T22:00:00Z">23 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 132</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90087 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/the-eu-general-court-upholds-the-commission-s-decision-to-make-approval-of" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds the Commission’s decision to approve a restructuring aid given to a financial institution conditional on divestment of public shareholdings <em>(Westfälisch-Lippischer Sparkassen-und Giroverband / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-16T22:00:00Z">17 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 113</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90277 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/The-General-Court-of-the-EU-68855" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds the decision of the Commission stating that compensatory payments can be State aid even if partially funded by private funds and specifies that recovery may exclude payments that satisfy the conditions of the relevant de minimis regulation <i>(Greece)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-15T22:00:00Z">16 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 218</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68855 introduction entry-content"> <p>Compensatory Payments Can be State Aid* Main points Article 107(1) also applies to payments that offset the damage caused by natural disasters. It is irrelevant that the compensation is partial or that competitors did not suffer similar damage. A measure can be State aid even if it is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/The-General-Court-of-the-EU-68880" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court refuses to find the Altmark criteria fulfilled and reminds that Member States have discretion to define what they consider as an SGEI but only after having identified market gaps <i>(Zweckverband)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-15T22:00:00Z">16 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 321</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68880 introduction entry-content"> <p>Not Surprisingly, Another Member State Fails to Prove Compliance with the Altmark Criteria* Main points Maintaining capacity that is necessary for the provision of normal services cannot be classified as a service of general economic interest. State aid may not be granted towards the costs of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/the-eu-general-court-decides-in-two-cases-on-the-compatibility-with-internal-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court decides in two cases on the compatibility with internal market principles of a tax partially funding a state aid <i>(Telefonica)</i> <i>(DTS)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-10T22:00:00Z">11 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 182</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68699 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/The-European-Commission-applies-69841" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission applies the market economy investor test to a financially troubled company <i>(Scandinavian Airlines)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-08T22:00:00Z">9 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 137</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69841 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Market Economy Investor Test Applied to a Financially Troubled Company* Main points Public funding of an undertaking is free of State aid when it is accompanied at the same time and on equivalent terms by similar private funding. If public funding is provided at the insistence of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/The-General-Court-of-the-EU" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court explains that the profitability that would satisfy a private investor is a rate that covers the cost of capital for that particular investment (<i>Ciudad de la luz</i>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-02T22:00:00Z">3 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68586 introduction entry-content"> <p>Benchmarks of Profitability for Private Investors* Main points A public authority that injects capital in an undertaking [or provides any other kind of finance] must ensure that the funding can achieve the rate of return that can, in principle, satisfy a private investor. The rate that can (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/The-European-Commission-holds-that-69674" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that a measure is selective if its application is narrower than the scope of the objective it seeks to achieve <i>(Arco)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-02T22:00:00Z">3 July 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 140</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69674 introduction entry-content"> <p>A Measure is Selective if its Application is Narrower than the Scope of the Objective it Seeks to Achieve* Main points A measure is attributed to a decision of a Member State if it is allowed but not mandated by an EU directive. A measure is selective when in practice it is open to fewer (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2014/The-EU-Commission-issues-a-new" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission issues a new regulation declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 TFEU</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-06-16T22:00:00Z">17 June 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 231</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67663 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog The New General Block Exemption Regulation: The Cornerstone of the State Aid Regime, 2014-2020* <br class='autobr' /> The new GBER at a glance Common Provisions Aid must be transparent Aid must have incentive effect Rules on cumulation Aid measures & awards must (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-and-privatisation/State-aid-and-privatisation-An" rel="bookmark">State aid & Privatisation: An overview of EU and national case law</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-05-20T08:58:46Z">20 May 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 617</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-66422 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Privatisation is the transfer of ownership of state assets to private concerns. Normally, privatisation is effected through an act of sale for a certain sum that reflects the value of the assets. This is the typical case when the assets have a certain positive value. However, when (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2014/The-EU-Commission-approves-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves a financial aid for the construction of a multiarena in Copenhagen after finding proof that the measure was both necessary and proportionate to realise the project, as well as sufficiently open to competition <em>(Elitefacilitetsudvalget)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-05-14T22:00:00Z">15 May 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 111</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67316 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog Transparency Is also Needed at the European Commission Level* Main points As more State aid measures in the future will be granted on the basis of the General Block Exemption Regulation, Member States will have to make the aid they grant more (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2014/The-European-Commission-decides-67950" rel="bookmark">The European Commission decides that the grant of capital injections to a company facing difficulties in the meaning of the Rescue and Restructuring Guidelines was not covered by regional aid exemptions stipulated by Article 107(3)(a) <em>(Elan)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-05-14T22:00:00Z">15 May 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 103</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67950 introduction entry-content"> <p>Capital Injection that Turns out to be Incompatible State Aid* Main points Public authorities and the entities they control need to ensure that injection of public money in an undertaking must satisfy the market economy investor principle, otherwise it will be considered to be State aid. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2014/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-finds" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds failure to fulfil treaty obligations, since the member state did not recover the aid declared unlawful and incompatible with the internal market in a timely and effective manner <em>(Commission / Spain)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-05-12T22:00:00Z">13 May 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 125</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-66881 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog The Cost of not Recovering Incompatible Aid* Main points The Commission is not obliged to quantify precisely the amount of aid that has to be recovered. The Member State that fails to recover incompatible aid or fails to recover all of it risks (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2014/the-eu-general-court-rules-on-the-matter-of-power-purchase-agreements-entailing-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules on the matter of power purchase agreements entailing effects of foreclosure that limited the scope for eligible customers to switch to the free market <em>(Dunamenti / Tisza)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-29T22:00:00Z">30 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 254</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-66475 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2014/The-EU-General-Court-rules-that-65756" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that non-notified state aid cannot be declared compatible retroactively <em>(Greece / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-08T22:00:00Z">9 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 194</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65756 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog A Textbook Case of False Arguments: T-150/12, Greece v Commission* Main points Recipients of State aid obtain an advantage even if they do not succeed to improve their position on the market Recipients of State aid obtain an advantage whenever (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2014/The-EU-Commission-issues-66068" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission issues guidelines on state aid for environmental protection and energy that have a wider scope and require a more rigorous application of the principles of necessity and proportionality of aid</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-08T22:00:00Z">9 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 180</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-66068 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog The New Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy, 2014-2020* Main points The new guidelines are wider in scope: They also cover energy infrastructure, energy capacity and reductions from electricity levies. The new (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2014/the-eu-general-court-confirms-that-the-commission-enjoys-a-large-margin-of-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms that the Commission has a large margin of discretion in determining the compatibility of restructuring aid <em>(ABN Amro)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-07T22:00:00Z">8 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 253</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65571 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2014/The-EU-Commission-issues-new-64495" rel="bookmark"><strong>Aviation sector</strong>: The EU Commission issues new guidelines on airports and airlines bringing about improvements, but also adopting a too permissive approach in certain aspects</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-03T22:00:00Z">4 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 163</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-64495 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> The New Guidelines on State Aid to Airports and Airlines: Problematic Issues (part 2)* <br class='autobr' /> Last week I reviewed the main provisions of the new Guidelines on State Aid to Airports and Airlines. This week I focus on three issues which are either not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2014/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-issues-two-65444" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice issues two judgements on the application of the private investor principle and correspondently the private creditor principle <em>(ING Groep)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-04-02T22:00:00Z">3 April 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 200</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65444 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2014/the-eu-commission-offers-valuable-guidance-on-the-application-of-regulation-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission offers valuable guidance on the application of Regulation 1370/2007 on passenger transport services</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-28T23:00:00Z">29 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 284</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65223 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no relationships with (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2014/the-eu-commission-deems-that-the-land-development-scheme-for-industrial-and-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission deems that the land development scheme for industrial and commercial use in Germany did not encompass any advantage as the purchasers of subsidised assets paid the market price</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-26T23:00:00Z">27 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 255</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67600 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2014/the-eu-commission-holds-that-public-and-private-investments-are-a-necessary-but-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that public and private investments are a necessary but not sufficient condition for public investments to be free of State aid <em>(Larco)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-26T23:00:00Z">27 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 151</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69014 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2014/the-eu-commission-finds-that-greece-s-sale-of-certain-assets-of-a-state-owned" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Greece’s sale of certain assets of a state owned mining company does not constitute State aid <em>(Larco)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-26T23:00:00Z">27 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 85</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90278 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2014/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-issues-two" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice issues two judgements on the application of the Private Investor Principle and correspondently the Private Creditor Principle <em>(Rousse Industry)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-03-19T23:00:00Z">20 March 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 103</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65448 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog The Importance of a Correct Framing of the Private Creditor and Private Investor Tests* Main points A public authority acting as private creditor must exhaust all legally available means of recovering money owed to it. A private creditor may agree (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2014/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-renders" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice renders preliminary ruling on the notion of “linked enterprises” in relation to a dispute on the calculation of the amount of an investment subsidy <em>(HaTeFo)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-02-26T23:00:00Z">27 February 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 267</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-64728 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> SMEs Linked through Natural Persons <br class='autobr' /> Two or more enterprises may constitute a single undertaking when their owners and/or managers are related in a way that they can act jointly to exercise influence over the decision of those enterprises. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2014/the-eu-commission-publishes-its-new-guidelines-on-state-aid-to-airports-and-en" rel="bookmark"><strong>Aviation sector</strong>: The EU Commission publishes its new guidelines on State aid to airports and airlines</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-02-19T23:00:00Z">20 February 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 294</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-64364 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2014/the-eu-commission-holds-that-a-market-operator-unlike-a-public-authority-does-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission holds that a market operator, unlike a public authority, does not have to treat all customers equally <i>(Flughafen Berlin-Schönefeld)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-02-19T23:00:00Z">20 February 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 593</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-73392 introduction entry-content"> <p>A Market Operator, unlike a Public Authority, Does not Have to Treat all Customers Equally* <br class='autobr' /> In managing infrastructure, a public authority acts as a private operator when it seeks a reasonable return on its investment and also takes into account the alternative of not operating the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2014/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-rules-that-64075" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that the national courts dealing with a case of recovery of illegal state aid may not disregard the statement of position made by the Commission in the relevant decision <em>(Mediaset)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-02-12T23:00:00Z">13 February 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 346</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-64075 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> The Role of National Courts in Recovery of Incompatible State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In December I examined the judgment in the case of Lufthansa v Frankfurt-Hahn, which laid down certain obligations for national courts whenever they are petitioned (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2014/The-EU-Commission-adopts-a-set-of" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission adopts a set of guidelines to promote risk finance investments</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-21T23:00:00Z">22 January 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 225</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-63118 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2014/The-European-Commission-decides-66779" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the compensation for the operation of the two additional routes linking Sardinia to the mainland and the recapitalisation measure constituted illegal State aid and orders recovery <em>(Saremar)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-21T23:00:00Z">22 January 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 195</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-66779 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2014/the-eu-commission-finds-the-compensation-of-school-bus-and-tram-transport-in-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds the compensation of school bus and tram transport in the Land Rhineland-Palatinate to be compatible with the internal market <em>(Landesbetrieb Mobilität Rheinland-Pfalz)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-21T23:00:00Z">22 January 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 190</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67094 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2014/The-EU-Commission-publishes-62801" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission publishes decision concerning a parafiscal levy intended to fund supposedly public service obligations assigned to French horse racing companies <em> (France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-17T23:00:00Z">18 January 2014</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 234</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62801 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/the-eu-court-of-justice-interprets-the-concept-of-intervention-through-state-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice interprets the concept of intervention through state resources and finds that the offset of additional costs arising from the obligation to purchase green electricity constituted state intervention <em>(Vent de Colère)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 544</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62239 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/The-EU-Commission-issued-new-de" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission issued new de minimis rules for state aid control</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-17T23:00:00Z">18 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 268</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62163 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> The New Rules on De minimis Aid for 2014-2020: Regulation 1407/2013* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> It is appropriate to start this year’s articles on State aid with an appraisal of one of the most important new legislative items for the period 2014-2020: the new (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/The-EU-Commission-considers-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission considers the aid for the implementation of an urban development project for schools in the region of Attica to be compatible with the internal market based on Article 107(3)(c) TFEU <em>(JESSICA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-17T23:00:00Z">18 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 87</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67171 introduction entry-content"> <p>A JESSICA-Funded Public-Private Partnership* Main points Public funding of a public-private partnership for the construction and maintenance of public schools may still involve State Aid. State Aid may have an incentive effect even when it is granted to a project that has already started. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/The-European-Commission-confirms-68585" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission confirms the use of the funding gap method for determining the necessity and proportionality of State aid for infrastructural projects <i>(Port of Capo d’Orlando)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-17T23:00:00Z">18 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 200</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68585 introduction entry-content"> <p>Management of Port Infrastructure through a very long Concession Contract: Is the Funding Gap Method Meaningful?* Main points Competitive selection of the operator of an infrastructural facility normally eliminates State aid. However, modifications to the contract after the operator is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/The-European-Parliament-adopts-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Parliament adopts a regulation on structural funds requiring compliance of financial instruments with state aid rules</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-16T23:00:00Z">17 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 192</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-63883 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/The-EU-Commission-authorises-aid" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission authorises aid to enable the concession holders to finalize two motorway projects that have encountered financial difficulties <em>(Aegean Motorway)</em> <em>(Central Motorway)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-12T23:00:00Z">13 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 136</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-64805 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog Public Funding of Projects that Encounter Financial Problems* Main points Aid that is granted after the start of a project lacks incentive effect and is, therefore, incompatible with the internal market. However, aid may be justified when a project (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/the-eu-commission-decides-to-consider-the-aid-for-renewing-an-ice-arena-in-the-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides to consider the aid for renewing an ice arena to be compatible with the internal market since it served a policy objective of common interest <em>(Thialf)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-12T23:00:00Z">13 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 164</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65118 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog Competitive Elements in the Selection of Operators of Sports Infrastructure May not Be Enough to Eliminate State Aid* Main points The existence of an advantage cannot be excluded when the operator of an infrastructural facility is chosen through a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-examines" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice examines the concept of state attributability in relation to a fiscal exemption previously approved by the Council <em>(Eurallumina)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-12-09T23:00:00Z">10 December 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 168</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62547 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Possibly Conflicting Roles of EU Institutions on State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> On 10 December 2013, the Court of Justice, in C‑272/12 P, wrote another chapter in the long-running case of the exemption from excise taxes for alumina producers in France, Ireland and Italy. This is not the last (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2013/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-on-the-matter-of-non-notified-state-aid-subject-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules on the matter of non-notified State aid subject to a formal examination procedure initiated by the Commission and the measures to be adopted by the national courts hearing an application for cessation or recovery <em>(Lufthansa / Flughafen Frankfurt)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-11-20T23:00:00Z">21 November 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 252</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-61467 introduction entry-content"> <p>Non-notified State Aid and the Role of National Courts [C 284/12, Deutsche Lufthansa v Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn]* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> What prevents a Member State from granting State aid without first notifying it to the European Commission? Cynics would answer “nothing, in fact”. Indeed, nothing (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/The-European-Commission-explains-71707" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission explains that a private investor may consider possible damage to its reputation from laying off workers but the damage has to be quantified <em>(SNCM)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-11-19T23:00:00Z">20 November 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 128</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-71707 introduction entry-content"> <p>SNCM* <br class='autobr' /> In 8 July 2008, the Commission took the view that certain measures in favour of Société Nationale Maritime Corse-Méditerranée [SNCM] did not constitute State aid and certain other aid measures were compatible with the internal market. The 2008 decision was partially annulled in September (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2013/the-eu-commission-finds-that-lithuanian-aid-given-to-a-gas-terminal-operator" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Lithuanian aid given to a gas terminal operator entrusted with services of general economic importance is compatible with the internal market <em>(Klaipedos Nafta / LNG Terminal)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-11-19T23:00:00Z">20 November 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 139</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89957 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2013/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the-61698" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the potential of the archaeological museum to affect intra-EU trade was low and therefore the measure did not constitute state aid <em>(Messara Creta)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 146</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-61698 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Why Can the Commission Not Be Consistent in its Analysis of Economic Activity and Affectation of Trade?* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> If you ask a national official who deals with State aid to identify the most challenging aspects of working with State aid (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2013/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-60111" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice establishes that the privatisation of the Austrian bank has not been carried out in the light of the private investor in a market economy principle <em>(Land Burgenland)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-10-23T22:00:00Z">24 October 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 323</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-60111 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2013/the-eu-general-court-rejects-an-appeal-against-a-budgetary-grant-in-favour-of-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rejects an appeal against a budgetary grant in favour of the French state-owned television company, without providing any further explanation on the matter of inefficient undertakings assigned with public service obligations <em>(Télévision française 1)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-10-15T22:00:00Z">16 October 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 362</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59682 introduction entry-content"> <p>Tax Hypothecation and Economic Efficiency under Altmark: T-275/11, French Television 1 v Commission* <br class='autobr' /> Background <br class='autobr' /> France Télévisions is a limited company wholly owned by the French State. As France abolished advertising on public television, it also decided to provide financial compensation to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2013/The-EU-Commission-considers-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission considers that a Dutch notified scheme fulfils the conditions of the environmental aid guidelines and passes the compatibility test under Article 107(3)(c) of the TFEU <em>(Anti-opt-out scheme water board)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-10-15T22:00:00Z">16 October 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 162</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62019 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Economically Rational Environmental Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> A few months ago I wrote an article on this blog explaining the big puzzle of environmental State aid. Since the rules allow State aid which is only a proportion of the extra costs incurred (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2013/the-eu-commission-establishes-that-the-compensation-for-the-provision-of-inter" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission establishes that the compensation for the provision of inter-regional bus transportation services constitutes incompatible state aid as the requirement for ex ante determination of net costs has not been fulfilled <em>(Simet)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-10-01T22:00:00Z">2 October 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 165</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-66376 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no relationships (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/the-eu-commission-re-examines-a-previously-compatible-irish-state-aid-scheme-in-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission re-examines a previously compatible Irish State aid scheme in light of the 2005 and 2012 SGEI packages <i>(Electricity Supervisory Board)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-17T22:00:00Z">18 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 227</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68587 introduction entry-content"> <p>Sale of Public Assets, SGEI and Electricity Levies* Main points Revenue from levies on electricity users is most likely to constitute State resources. Public service obligations can be transferred from one electricity-generating company to another. Compensation for public service obligations (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/The-EU-General-Court-rules-that-a" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that a measure designed to offset a structural disadvantage is still State aid <em>(BT Pension Scheme)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-15T22:00:00Z">16 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 240</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57951 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Offsetting of a Structural Disadvantage Is still State Aid* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Normally it is conceptually and technically fairly easy to determine whether an undertaking benefits from a public measure. However, this task becomes considerably more difficult in two situations: i) when a public (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/the-eu-general-court-clarifies-the-nature-of-services-of-general-economic-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court clarifies the nature of services of general economic importance and affirms that it is necessary to identify the presence of market failures justifying the grant of compensation <em>(Colt Télécommunications France)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-15T22:00:00Z">16 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 503</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-58367 introduction entry-content"> <p>New Case Law on Incentive Effect, “Private Borrower”, Advantage, Compensation, SGEI and Market Failure* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The posting reviews three recent rulings of the General Court. They are significant because they introduce substantial nuances in the case law concerning the concepts of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/the-eu-general-court-upholds-the-commission-decision-on-the-incompatibility-of-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds the Commission decision on the incompatibility of a State aid granted for the acquisition of a power plant <em>(Fri-El Acerra)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-12T22:00:00Z">13 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 272</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-58364 introduction entry-content"> <p>New Case Law on Incentive Effect, “Private Borrower”, Advantage, Compensation, SGEI and Market Failure* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The posting reviews three recent rulings of the General Court. They are significant because they introduce substantial nuances in the case law concerning the concepts of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/the-eu-general-court-annuls-a-commission-state-aid-decision-rejecting-the-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court annuls a Commission State aid decision, rejecting the accuracy of the calculations concerning the rate of interest that a hypothetical private investor would have paid in a similar situation <em>(Poste Italiane)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-12T22:00:00Z">13 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 433</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-58366 introduction entry-content"> <p>New Case Law on Incentive Effect, “Private Borrower”, Advantage, Compensation, SGEI and Market Failure* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The posting reviews three recent rulings of the General Court. They are significant because they introduce substantial nuances in the case law concerning the concepts of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/the-eu-general-court-reinforces-the-doctrine-of-inseparability-in-relation-to-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court reinforces the doctrine of inseparability concerning compensation for public service obligations assigned to environmental organisations <em>(Germany / Commission)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-09-11T22:00:00Z">12 September 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 296</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57952 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Emerging Doctrine of Inseparability and Compensation for Public Service Obligations [T-347/09, Germany v Commission]* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In the landmark judgment in Leipzig Halle, the General Court stated that infrastructure which is inseparable from economic activity is itself economic and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2013/the-eu-commission-clarifies-the-relation-between-altmark-criteria-and-public" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission clarifies the relation between Altmark criteria and public procurement rules <em>(SNCM)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-08-16T22:00:00Z">17 August 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 591</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57954 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2013/The-European-Commission-holds-that-70654" rel="bookmark">The European Commission holds that even when a public authority invests together with private investors on pari passu terms, the expected profitability of the project should still be demonstrated in order to comply with State Aid rules <i>(Project Consorzio Casalasco del Pomodoro)</i></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-07-16T22:00:00Z">17 July 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 135</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70654 introduction entry-content"> <p>Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle to a Company Processing Agricultural Products* <br class='autobr' /> When a public entity injects fresh capital in a company in which it is already a shareholder, the new capital does not constitute State aid when it satisfies three conditions: i) all (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2013/The-EU-Commission-decides-that-the-60713" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the measure for the development of sustainable tourism had no impact on intra-EU trade and, consequently, did not constitute state aid <em>(NUTS II region Southeast)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-07-01T22:00:00Z">2 July 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 151</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-60713 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> How Not to Determine the Effect on Trade [Infrastructure for Tourism, Czech Republic (SA.35909)]* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Normally the articles in this blog identify landmark court rulings and seminal decisions of the Commission which set important (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2013/The-EU-Commission-rules-that-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the privatisation process of an airport in Portugal does not constitute State aid <em>(ANA)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-06-18T22:00:00Z">19 June 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 292</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57953 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog. <br class='autobr' /> Privatisation of Aeroportos de Portugal: Conflict between the National Economic Adjustment Programme and State Aid Rules?* <br class='autobr' /> Background <br class='autobr' /> Portugal notified to the Commission the privatisation of the “Aeroportos de Portugal” [ANA] for reasons of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2013/The-EU-Commission-rules-on-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission rules on the compatibility of State aid for new port infrastructure and finds it necessary and proportional to the objective pursued <em>(Katakolo)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-06-18T22:00:00Z">19 June 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 169</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57966 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog. <br class='autobr' /> The Confusion between Necessity and Proportionality of State Aid [Case SA.35738: Public Funding of Port Infrastructure]* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Several postings in this blog have examined cases concerning funding of port, airport or sport (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2013/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the-59047" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the conversion of almost worthless debt into equity was a preferable solution for a market economy investor in the aircraft industry <em>(Sonaca)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-06-04T22:00:00Z">5 June 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 177</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59047 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> A Public Authority Can Behave Like a Private Investor even when the Beneficiary Has Little Prospect of Future Profitability* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> When a public authority invests in an undertaking, it must earn a return at market rates, otherwise the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2013/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-dimisses" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice dismisses the appeal of the Commission in relation to the failure to act as regards a State aid measure allegedly granted to Italian airlines <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-05-15T22:00:00Z">16 May 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 185</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59684 introduction entry-content"> <p>Exceptional Circumstances, Natural Disasters, Commercial Risk and Rights of Complainants* <br class='autobr' /> Rights of Complainants Concerning Unlawful Aid: Case C-615/11 P, European Commission v Ryanair, 16 May 2013 <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission appealed against the judgment of the General Court in case T-442/07 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2013/The-EU-Commission-approves-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves the scheme for compensation of damage caused by future natural disasters <em>(Valle d’Aosta)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-05-12T22:00:00Z">13 May 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 124</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59686 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Exceptional Circumstances, Natural Disasters, Commercial Risk and Rights of Complainants* <br class='autobr' /> Natural disasters: Commission Decision SA.36027 on compensation of damage caused by future natural disasters in Valle d’Aosta (IT) <br class='autobr' /> This is an unusual (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2013/the-eu-court-of-justice-decides-that-flemish-tax-incentives-and-subsidy-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice decides that Flemish tax incentives and subsidy mechanisms are liable to be classified as State aid <em>(Eric Libert)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-05-07T22:00:00Z">8 May 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 317</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59660 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2013/The-European-Commission-finds-that-54653" rel="bookmark">The European Commission finds that the measures taken in the Czech public libraries case do not constitute state aid in the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU because libraries are not undertakings</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-04-15T22:00:00Z">16 April 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 90</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-54653 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog. <br class='autobr' /> The Flexible Boundary between Economic and Non-economic Activities (part I)* <br class='autobr' /> This is a rather long posting divided into two parts both of which deal with the concept of economic activity. In part I, I analyse two cases outside the field of State (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2013/the-eu-commission-approves-state-aid-for-the-expansion-of-a-gas-storage-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission approves State aid for the expansion of a gas storage facility that could enable the entry of more gas suppliers onto the Polish market <em>(PGNiG)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-04-15T22:00:00Z">16 April 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 219</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57989 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2013/The-EU-Commission-provides-a-tool" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission provides a tool for the evaluation of state aid meant to ensure that these measures are only adopted in order to redress market failures</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-04-11T22:00:00Z">12 April 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 114</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59049 introduction entry-content"> <p>Ex Post Evaluation of State Aid: A New Instrument* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction: The need for evaluation <br class='autobr' /> The State Aid Modernisation that was launched by the European Commission in May 2012 aims primarily to channel State aid to remedying genuine market failure. Subsequent policy documents have all been (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2013/the-eu-commission-clarifies-the-relationship-between-the-altmark-criteria-and-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission clarifies the relationship between the Altmark criteria and public procurement rules <em>(POL)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-03-27T23:00:00Z">28 March 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 515</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-57955 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2013/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the-59647" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the state aid granted under the form of a fiscal measure implemented in breach of the standstill provision was compatible with the internal market <em>(Multiplier Giftenaftrek)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-03-19T23:00:00Z">20 March 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 99</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59647 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog Fiscal Leveraging: Donations and State Aid for Culture and Sports* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In this blog I examine primarily a Dutch measure that supports cultural institutions by providing tax incentives to individuals and corporations to make donations to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2013/The-EU-Commission-decides-that-the-60945" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the measure implemented in the form of acquisition of bonds doesn’t constitute state aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU <em>(Nauta)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-03-19T23:00:00Z">20 March 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 118</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-60945 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog The Private Investor Principle Applied to Loans [Commission Decision 2013/528]* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> The State aid issue in this case is relatively straightforward. Nauta, a Polish shipyard, received a two-year loan from IDA, the state-owned Polish (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2013/The-European-Commission-reiterates" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission reiterates that the profitability of an investment must be determined ex ante, even in case of capital injection <em>(Ducroire / Delcredere)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-03-19T23:00:00Z">20 March 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 102</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-68584 introduction entry-content"> <p>*Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog (click here), republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author(s). The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2013/The-EU-Court-of-Justice-rules-that-59067" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that seemingly separate interventions may constitute a single measure if they are inseparable by way of timing, purpose and the condition of the beneficiary undertaking <em>(Bouygues)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-03-18T23:00:00Z">19 March 2013</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 156</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59067 introduction entry-content"> <p>Where is the Money? The Link between Advantage and Transfer of State Resources* <br class='autobr' /> On 19 March 2013, the Court of Justice delivered an important judgment in case C-399/10 P, Bouygues v European Commission concerning aid that was granted by France to France Telecom. The case was an appeal to an (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2012/The-European-Commission-finds-that-54654" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the Italian real estate tax exemption granted to non-commercial entities carrying out social, welfare, health and religious services does not constitute State aid in the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU <em>(Italian IMU exemption)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 155</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-54654 introduction entry-content"> <p>Non-commercial activities and absolute impossibility to recover incompatible aid* <br class='autobr' /> Commission Decision 2013/284 on municipal real estate tax exemption granted to real estate used by non-commercial entities for specific purposes implemented by Italy [SA.20829] <br class='autobr' /> This decision concerns three (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2012/The-EU-Commission-decides-that-the-58910" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the application of the VPS method for the valuation of agriculture and forestry land does not confer an advantage on the purchaser <em>(BVVG)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 1015</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-58910 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> An “Alternative” Method of Valuation for State-Aid-Free Sale of Public Land* <br class='autobr' /> The obligation of the state to act as a private vendor <br class='autobr' /> When a public authority sells an asset to an undertaking, it must sell it at the market price. The case law is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2012/The-EU-Commission-finds-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that Germany has demonstrated that the proposed tax reduction for passengers constitutes compatible State aid <em>(German Flights Tax Reduction)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 979</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59659 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Taxes and Tax Reductions on Air Travel: Selectivity and Compatibility* <br class='autobr' /> This posting examines an Irish and a German measure concerning reduction in passenger taxes. As to be expected, an important issue for both measures was whether the reduction (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2012/the-eu-commission-finds-that-a-german-noise-reduction-measure-is-compatible-en" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that a German noise reduction measure is compatible with the internal market under Article 93 TFEU <em>(German Freight Wagons)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-12-18T23:00:00Z">19 December 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 205</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59683 introduction entry-content"> <p>* Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2012/The-EU-Commission-decides-that-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the public financing of non-commercially used infrastructure does not constitute an advantage and has no effect on interstate trade <em>(Przemyśl)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-11-19T23:00:00Z">20 November 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 133</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-58683 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog. <br class='autobr' /> A Case of Public Funding of Infrastructure that Does not Constitute State Aid: But Many Questions Remain* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> After the landmark judgment in Leipzig-Halle, public authorities are justifiably careful to ensure that the infrastructure (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2012/The-EU-Commission-decides-that-the-59061" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the sale of a state owned airlines company does not amount to state aid <em>(LOT Polish Airlines)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-11-19T23:00:00Z">20 November 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 317</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59061 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Sale of State-owned Airlines* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In the previous posting I examined the funding of a regional airport. In this posting I look at a case concerning an airline; more specifically, the sale of three subsidiaries of Polish airline LOT. (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2012/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the arrangements for the extension of the exclusive right to operate 13 games of chance in Greece don’t appear to confer an economic advantage <em>(OPAP)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-10-02T22:00:00Z">3 October 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 158</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59007 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> The Curious Case of Applying the Market Economy Investor Principle to a Monopoly* <br class='autobr' /> On 3 October 2012, the European Commission concluded, in case SA.33988, that OPAP, the Greek operator of games of chance received no state aid because the Market (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2012/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-an-unlimited-state-guarantee-granted-to-the-en" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that an unlimited State guarantee granted to the postal services company constitutes incompatible State aid <em>(La Poste)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 247</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-65573 introduction entry-content"> <p>Two Judgments: a) Unlimited State Guarantees and b) The Discretion of the Commission in Restructuring Measures* Main points Unlimited state guarantees are never compatible with the internal market. The existence of an unlimited guarantee and its benefits can be inferred from the relevant (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2012/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the-59658" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the lower rate of the air travel tax for flights to a destination located no more than 300 km from Dublin airport constitutes illegal State aid <em>(Irish air travel tax rates)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-07-24T22:00:00Z">25 July 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 117</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59658 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Taxes and Tax Reductions on Air Travel: Selectivity and Compatibility* <br class='autobr' /> This posting examines an Irish and a German measure concerning reduction in passenger taxes. As to be expected, an important issue for both measures was whether the reduction (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2012/The-EU-Commission-concludes-that" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission concludes that the aid in the land purchase was compatible with the internal market under the regional aid guidelines <em>(Habidite Alonsogeti)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-06-26T22:00:00Z">27 June 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 89</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59687 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Exceptional Circumstances, Natural Disasters, Commercial Risk and Rights of Complainants* <br class='autobr' /> Reduced commercial risk: Commission Decision 2013/198 on aid to Habidite Alonsogeti (ES) <br class='autobr' /> Habidite Alonsogeti (HA) was involved in the construction of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2012/The-EU-Commission" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission orders recovery of state aid unlawfully granted by the Netherlands as decreased price for sale of land <em>(Leidschendam-Voorburg)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-03-02T23:00:00Z">3 March 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 134</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59008 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog The Market Economy Vendor Principle: Sale of Public Land by the Dutch Municipality of Leidschendam-Voorburg* [Commission Decision SA.24123] <br class='autobr' /> The previous post examined a case where the European Commission applied the Market Economy Investor (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2012/The-EU-Commission-59051" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission states that the reluctance of a forest company to conclude long-term contracts with other saw mills falls outside the scope of the Article 107 TFEU <em>(Bavarian State Forest Enterprise)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2012-02-14T23:00:00Z">15 February 2012</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 137</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59051 introduction entry-content"> <p>Objectively Justified Pricing: The Market Economy Operator Principle* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction: Objective justification of price differentiation <br class='autobr' /> In a landmark judgment 25 years ago [February 1988], the Court of Justice established that business behaviour that appears to deviate from normal market (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2011/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the-59653" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the State aid granted under the form of a fiscal measure implemented in breach of the standstill provision was compatible with the internal market <em>(Hungarian Sport Donations)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2011-11-08T23:00:00Z">9 November 2011</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 145</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59653 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog Fiscal Leveraging: Donations and State Aid for Culture and Sports* <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> In this blog I examine primarily a Dutch measure that supports cultural institutions by providing tax incentives to individuals and corporations to make donations to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2010/The-EU-Commission-finds-that-the-59685" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission finds that the Italian authorities failed to prove the exceptional nature of the delayed provision of aid for shipbuilding and declares the aid to be incompatible with the internal market <em>(Cantiere Navale De Poli)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-10-26T22:00:00Z">27 October 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 115</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59685 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Exceptional Circumstances, Natural Disasters, Commercial Risk and Rights of Complainants* <br class='autobr' /> Exceptional circumstances: Commission Decision 2013/197 on aid to Cantiere Navale De Poli (IT) <br class='autobr' /> The measure in question concerned State aid that Italy (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2010/The-EU-Commission-decides-that-the-59064" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission decides that the single charge agreement concerning airport services did not involve state aid <em>(Bratislava Airport / Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-01-26T23:00:00Z">27 January 2010</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 92</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-59064 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article published on Lexxion State Aid Blog <br class='autobr' /> Airport Operators and Budget Airlines* <br class='autobr' /> During the past 18 months or so, the European Commission has launched more than 20 investigations in the funding of regional airports and the arrangements that these airports have concluded with budget (…)</p> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> <div class="content-inner-actions"> <button class="btn-toggle" onclick="return toggle_content_inner.apply(this);"><b class="label_open">Read More </b><span><i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></span></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-5 col-sm-offset-2"> <div class="liste articles secteur_22"> <h3 class="h1"><span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> 917</span> <span class="sep"></span> Review</h3> <div class="liste-items"> <div class="item cite"><article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides">Phedon Nicolaides</a></span></span> <strong class="h3-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2015/pratiques/how-eu-state-aid-rules-apply-to-privatisation-of-public-enterprises" rel="bookmark">How EU state aid rules apply to privatisation of public enterprises</a></strong> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-31T23:00:00Z">January 2015</time> <span class="visites"><i class="picto picto-eye-red"></i> 917</span> </p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69245 introduction entry-content"> <p>This paper examines the application of state aid rules to sale of public enterprises. Recent cases confirm the well-established principles that in order to exclude state aid from the sale of a public enterprise i) the selling authority must act as a private vendor who seeks to maximise revenue; (…)</p> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_books"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Books</span></h2> <div class="liste articles-livres sm"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class="row"> <a id='pagination_livres_auteur' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="item"> <article class="entry article-livre hentry"> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/why-competition-121769" rel="bookmark"> <span class="logo-livre"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L60xH90/couv_se_pare_e_dragged_-4-203f7.png?1731928164" class='spip_logo front-cover' width='60' height='90' alt="" /> <span class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€85.00</span> </span> </span> <span class="title">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond</span></a></strong> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="date"> <span class="l">Date</span> <span class="i">22 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="authors"><span class="l">Author(s):</span> <span class="i">Randy Tritell, Daniel Crane, Damien Gérard (eds.)</span></div> <div class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€85.00</span> </div> </div> <a href="en/all-books/why-competition-121769" class="more">Read online <i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></a> </article> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="item"> <article class="entry article-livre hentry"> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/competition-law-dictionary" rel="bookmark"> <span class="logo-livre"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L59xH90/cld_cover-db567.png?1724927232" class='spip_logo front-cover' width='59' height='90' alt="" /> <span class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€95.00</span> </span> </span> <span class="title">Competition Law Dictionary</span></a></strong> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="authors"><span class="l">Author(s):</span> <span class="i">Deborah Healey, William Kovacic, Pablo Trevisán, Richard Whish (eds.)</span></div> <div class="prix"> <span class="l">Price</span> <span class="i">€95.00</span> </div> </div> <a href="en/dictionary/" class="more">Read online <i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></a> <div class="definitions"> <strong class="definitions__heading h6-like">Author’s definitions</strong> <ul class="definitions__list"> <li class="definitions__item"> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en" class="more">State aid (notification) <i class="picto picto-toggle"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div><div class="row"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_awards"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Awards Articles</span></h2> <div class="liste"> <div class="liste-items-well"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="item content-thematique"> <article class="article auteurs_1 article-awards"> <div class="article-awards-qualification"> <span class="awards-article-annee">2022</span> <span>-</span> <span class="awards-article-categorie">Business Articles</span> </div> <strong class="h6 entry-title"><a href="https://awards.concurrences.com/en/awards/2022/business-articles/the-eu-general-court-rules-that-limiting-state-aid-due-to-covid-19-to-companies" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court rules that limiting State aid due to COVID-19 to companies which have a durable link with the local (…)</a></strong> <div class="publication"> <div class="authors"> <div class="item"> <div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/phedon-nicolaides" itemprop="url"> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Phedon Nicolaides</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Maastricht University</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Belgium</span> <span class="articles"><em>382</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>78817</em> visits</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_stats" id="statistiques"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Statistics</span></h2> <div class="row statistiques-auteur"> <div class="col-sm-8 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-big-eye.png?1549956136' alt='' width='25' height='17' /><br/> <em>78931</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Total visits</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-big-eye.png?1549956136' alt='' width='25' height='17' /><br/> <em>205</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Number of readings per contribution</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-pie.png?1549956136' alt='' width='21' height='21' /><br/> <em>385</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Number of contributions</strong> </div> <div class="separateur"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-podium.png?1549956136' alt='' width='39' height='22' /><br/> <em>Author's ranking</em> </span> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>13<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In number of contributions</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>133<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In number of visits</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>6705<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In average number of visits</strong> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> 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