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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Law and government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Law and government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Local law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 City administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape_and_environmental_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape_and_environmental_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Cityscape and environmental policy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape_and_environmental_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cityscape and environmental policy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape_and_environmental_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Urban ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Military architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums_and_exhibition_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_exhibition_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Museums and exhibition halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_exhibition_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Entertainment and performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metz_in_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metz_in_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Metz in the arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metz_in_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graoully_dragon_as_symbol_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graoully_dragon_as_symbol_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Graoully dragon as symbol of the city </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graoully_dragon_as_symbol_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celebrations_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebrations_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Celebrations and events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebrations_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 High schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_Lorraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Lorraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 University of Lorraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Lorraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduate_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduate_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Graduate schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduate_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Local transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Motorways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Waterways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Main sights </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Main sights subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Religious heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Civil heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Administrative heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Military heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes and references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Metz</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" > 108 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%9D" title="መትዝ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መትዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="متز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets" title="Mets – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mets" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="متز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="متز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8" title="মেৎস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেৎস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Мэц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="མེ་ཊི་ཛི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེ་ཊི་ཛི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mety" title="Mety – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mety" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%82_(%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μετς (Γαλλία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετς (Γαλλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="متس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8A%A4_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="메스 (프랑스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메스 (프랑스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%81" title="Մեց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A5" title="מץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tz" title="Métz – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Métz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="მეცი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettis" title="Mettis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mettis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecas" title="Mecas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mecas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="मेस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="متز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="متز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="متز – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="متز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B9_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="メス (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メス (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8tz" title="Mètz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mètz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="میٹز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மெட்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA" title="แม็ส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม็ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%CE%B5ts" title="Mεts – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mεts" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мец – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мец" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="میتز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میتز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF" title="梅斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A5" title="מעץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF" title="梅斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metz" title="Metz – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Metz" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF" title="梅斯 – 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metz&params=49_07_13_N_6_10_40_E_region:FR_type:city">49°07′13″N 6°10′40″E / 49.12028°N 6.17778°E / 49.12028; 6.17778</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Grand Est, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Metz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Metz (disambiguation)">Metz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Grand Est, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Metz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Collage_Metz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise from top: overview of city centre (with Cathedral of Saint Stephen), Imperial Quarter, Temple Neuf, Germans' Gate, Opéra-Théâtre (place de la Comédie)"><img alt="Clockwise from top: overview of city centre (with Cathedral of Saint Stephen), Imperial Quarter, Temple Neuf, Germans' Gate, Opéra-Théâtre (place de la Comédie)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Collage_Metz.jpg/270px-Collage_Metz.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Collage_Metz.jpg/405px-Collage_Metz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Collage_Metz.jpg/540px-Collage_Metz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2023" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: overview of city centre (with <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Cathedral of Saint Stephen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Quarter_of_Metz" title="Imperial Quarter of Metz">Imperial Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temple_Neuf,_Metz" title="Temple Neuf, Metz">Temple Neuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans%27_Gate" title="Germans' Gate">Germans' Gate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole">Opéra-Théâtre</a> (place de la Comédie)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Metz_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Metz"><img alt="Flag of Metz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Metz_flag.svg/100px-Metz_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Metz_flag.svg/150px-Metz_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Metz_flag.svg/200px-Metz_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Metz"><img alt="Coat of arms of Metz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg/62px-Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg/93px-Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg/124px-Grandes_Armes_de_Metz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1458" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Metz</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_ad51306d8423fb0f90fe54c009e854e122d1ce1d"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Metz&revid=1254836488&groups=_ad51306d8423fb0f90fe54c009e854e122d1ce1d" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Metz&revid=1254836488&groups=_ad51306d8423fb0f90fe54c009e854e122d1ce1d 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metz is located in France"><img alt="Metz is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.664%;left:75.809%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Metz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Metz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of France</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metz is located in Grand Est"><img alt="Metz is located in Grand Est" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/270px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/405px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/540px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="1451" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.168%;left:56.804%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Metz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Metz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Grand Est</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metz&params=49_07_13_N_6_10_40_E_region:FR_type:city">49°07′13″N 6°10′40″E / 49.12028°N 6.17778°E / 49.12028; 6.17778</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Metz" title="Arrondissement of Metz">Metz</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Metz" title="Cantons of Metz">3 cantons</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metz_M%C3%A9tropole" class="mw-redirect" title="Metz Métropole">Metz Métropole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020–2026) </th><td class="infobox-data">François Grosdidier<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">1</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">41.94 km2 (16.19 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">308.8 km2 (119.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,877.2 km2 (724.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2">[2]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">120,874</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,900/km2 (7,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<a href="#cite_note-compar-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">285,930</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">930/km2 (2,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<a href="#cite_note-compar-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">367,851</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">200/km2 (510/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Messin (masculine) Messine (feminine)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-57463">57463</a> /57000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">162–256 m (531–840 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metz.fr/">Metz Ville</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Lorraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_Lorraine.svg/25px-Arms_of_Lorraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_Lorraine.svg/38px-Arms_of_Lorraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_Lorraine.svg/50px-Arms_of_Lorraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Lorraine" title="Category:Lorraine">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lorraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Lorraine.svg/220px-Flag_of_Lorraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Lorraine.svg/330px-Flag_of_Lorraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Lorraine.svg/440px-Flag_of_Lorraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a><div class="sidebar-caption">Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#History" title="Lorraine">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a> & <a href="/wiki/Leuci" title="Leuci">Leuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Duchy of Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Duchy of Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_and_Barrois" title="Lorraine and Barrois">Lorraine and Barrois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Lothringen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Lothringen">German Empire Lorraine department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CdZ-Gebiet_Lothringen" class="mw-redirect" title="CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen">Third Reich Lorraine department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#Language_and_culture" title="Lorraine">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of arms of Lorraine (page does not exist)">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Lorraine (page does not exist)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">People</a></li> <li>Languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorrain_language" title="Lorrain language">Lorrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Franconian" title="Lorraine Franconian">Lorraine Franconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Alemannic_German" title="Low Alemannic German">Low Alemannic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#Demographics" title="Lorraine">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_lorrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée lorrain (page does not exist)">Musée lorrain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#Religion" title="Lorraine">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Diocese of Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Exemption_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exemption (canon law)">Immediately subject</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Nancy" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Nancy">Diocese of Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint-Di%C3%A9" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Dié">Diocese of Saint-Dié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Verdun" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Verdun">Diocese of Verdun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>: <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">United Protestant Church of France</a> (rest of Lorraine)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Judaism)" title="Consistory (Judaism)">consistories</a>: <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (rest of Lorraine)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle">Local law in Alsace-Moselle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordat in Alsace-Moselle">Concordat in Alsace-Moselle</a> (1801)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administrative divisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a> (54) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Briey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrondissement of Briey">Arrondissement of Briey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Arrondissement of Lunéville">Arrondissement of Lunéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Nancy" title="Arrondissement of Nancy">Arrondissement of Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Toul" title="Arrondissement of Toul">Arrondissement of Toul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a> (55) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Bar-le-Duc" title="Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc">Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Commercy" title="Arrondissement of Commercy">Arrondissement of Commercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Verdun" title="Arrondissement of Verdun">Arrondissement of Verdun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Lothringen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Lothringen">Lothringen</a>, 57) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Forbach-Boulay-Moselle" title="Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle">Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Metz" title="Arrondissement of Metz">Arrondissement of Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Sarrebourg-Ch%C3%A2teau-Salins" title="Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins">Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Sarreguemines" title="Arrondissement of Sarreguemines">Arrondissement of Sarreguemines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Thionville" title="Arrondissement of Thionville">Arrondissement of Thionville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a> (88) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_%C3%89pinal" title="Arrondissement of Épinal">Arrondissement of Épinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Neufch%C3%A2teau,_Vosges" title="Arrondissement of Neufchâteau, Vosges">Arrondissement of Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Di%C3%A9-des-Vosges" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges">Arrondissement of Saint-Dié</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lorraine in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France#European_Parliament" title="Elections in France">European Parliament elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="France (European Parliament constituency)">Constituency</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lorraine_sidebar" title="Template:Lorraine sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lorraine_sidebar" title="Template talk:Lorraine sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lorraine_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lorraine sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Metz (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɛts/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">METS</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mɛs]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/Prononciationmetz.ogg\/Prononciationmetz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Prononciationmetz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Prononciationmetz.ogg/Prononciationmetz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Prononciationmetz.ogg" title="File:Prononciationmetz.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then Mettis) is a city in northeast <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> located at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (river)">Moselle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seille_(Moselle)" title="Seille (Moselle)">Seille</a> rivers. Metz is the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> and the seat of the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Located near the <a href="/wiki/Tri-border_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-border area">tripoint</a> along the junction of France, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>,<a href="#cite_note-river-6">[6]</a> the city forms a central place of the European <a href="/wiki/Greater_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Region">Greater Region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SaarLorLux" class="mw-redirect" title="SaarLorLux">SaarLorLux</a> <a href="/wiki/Euroregion" title="Euroregion">euroregion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Metz has a rich 3,000-year history,<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a> having variously been a <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a>, an important <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> city,<a href="#cite_note-Divodurum-9">[9]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Austrasia-10">[10]</a> the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Carololingian-11">[11]</a> a cradle of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GregorianChant-12">[12]</a> and one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Metz">republics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-republic-13">[13]</a> The city has been steeped in <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a>, but has been strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">German culture</a> due to its location and history.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Because of its historical, cultural and architectural background, Metz has been submitted on France's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The city features noteworthy buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Saint-Stephen Cathedral</a> with its largest expanse of stained-glass windows in the world,<a href="#cite_note-CathedralWebcam-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-cathedral-19">[19]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains" title="Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains">Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains</a> being the oldest church in France,<a href="#cite_note-nonnains-20">[20]</a> its <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Metz-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Metz-Ville">Imperial Station Palace</a> displaying the apartment of the German <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a>,<a href="#cite_note-gare-21">[21]</a> or its <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole">Opera House</a>, the oldest one working in France.<a href="#cite_note-opera-22">[22]</a> Metz is home to some world-class venues including the <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Metz" title="Arsenal de Metz">Arsenal Concert Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou-Metz" title="Centre Pompidou-Metz">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a> museum. A basin of <a href="/wiki/Urban_ecology" title="Urban ecology">urban ecology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-urban_ecology-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecology-urbanism-24">[24]</a> Metz gained its nickname of <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Urban_ecology">The Green City</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: La Ville Verte),<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> as it has extensive open grounds and public gardens.<a href="#cite_note-garden_map-26">[26]</a> The historic city centre is one of the largest commercial pedestrian areas in France.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Agenda21-28">[28]</a> A historic <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> town, Metz is the economic heart of the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(r%C3%A9gion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (région)">Lorraine</a> region, specialising in <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive</a> industries. Metz is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lorraine" title="University of Lorraine">University of Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Tech Lorraine">Georgia Tech Lorraine</a>, and a centre for applied research and development in the materials sector, notably in <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metallography" title="Metallography">metallography</a>,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> the heritage of the Lorraine region's past in the iron and steel industry.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> In ancient times, the town was known as "city of <a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a>", being inhabited by the tribe of the same name.<a href="#cite_note-etymology-31">[31]</a> After its integration into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the city was called Divodurum Mediomatricum, meaning Holy Village or Holy Fortress of the Mediomatrici,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> then it was known as Mediomatrix.<a href="#cite_note-etymology-31">[31]</a> During the 5th century AD, the name evolved to "Mettis", which gave rise to the current spelling, Metz,<a href="#cite_note-etymology-31">[31]</a> but also spellings such as Mès, which are no longer used, but reflect its actual pronunciation in French (like "mess").<a href="#cite_note-Cent_Nouvelles_nouvelles-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Metz" title="History of Metz">History of Metz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Metz" title="Timeline of Metz">Timeline of Metz</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri2entranceMetz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Henri2entranceMetz.jpg/220px-Henri2entranceMetz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Henri2entranceMetz.jpg/330px-Henri2entranceMetz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Henri2entranceMetz.jpg/440px-Henri2entranceMetz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a> entering Metz in 1552, putting an end to the Republic of Metz.</figcaption></figure> Metz has a recorded history dating back over 2,000 years. Before the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">conquest of Gaul</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> in 52 BC, it was the <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a> tribe.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a> Integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, Metz became quickly one of the principal towns of <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> with a population of 40,000,<a href="#cite_note-Divodurum-9">[9]</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Migration_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration period">barbarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">depredations</a> and its transfer to the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> about the end of the 5th century.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Between the 6th and 8th centuries, the city was the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> kings of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Austrasia-10">[10]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> in 843, Metz became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lotharingia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Lotharingia">Kingdom of Lotharingia</a> and was ultimately integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, being granted semi-independent status.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a> During the 12th century, Metz became a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Metz">Republic of Metz</a> stood until the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-republic-13">[13]</a> With the signature of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chambord" title="Treaty of Chambord">Treaty of Chambord</a> in 1552, Metz passed into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kings of France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> As the German Protestant Princes who traded Metz (alongside Toul and Verdun) for the promise of French military assistance, had no authority to cede territory of the Holy Roman Empire, the change of jurisdiction was not recognised by the Holy Roman Empire until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a> in 1648. Under French rule, Metz was selected as capital of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a> and became a strategic fortified town.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-republic2-37">[37]</a> With creation of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of 1789">Estates-General of 1789</a>, Metz was chosen as capital of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (département)">Department of Moselle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a> Although largely French-speaking, after the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> and under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frankfurt_(1871)" title="Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)">Treaty of Frankfurt of 1871</a> the city became part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, being part of the Imperial Territory of <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a> and serving as capital of the <a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Lothringen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Lothringen">Bezirk Lothringen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Metz remained German until the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, when it reverted to France.<a href="#cite_note-return-39">[39]</a> However, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the city was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-8">[8]</a> In 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Metz" title="Battle of Metz">attack on the city</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">U.S. Third Army</a> removed the city from German rule and Metz reverted one more time to France after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> During the 1950s, Metz was chosen to be the capital of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (region)">Lorraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-politic50-42">[42]</a> With the creation of the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> and the later <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the city has become central to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Region">Greater Region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SaarLorLux" class="mw-redirect" title="SaarLorLux">SaarLorLux</a> <a href="/wiki/Euroregion" title="Euroregion">Euroregion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-politic50-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> Metz is located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (river)">Moselle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seille_(Moselle)" title="Seille (Moselle)">Seille</a> rivers, 43 km (27 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Schengen,_Luxembourg" title="Schengen, Luxembourg">Schengen</a> <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">tripoint</a> where the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet.<a href="#cite_note-river-6">[6]</a> The city was built in a place where many branches of the Moselle river create several islands, which are encompassed within the urban planning.<a href="#cite_note-arthus_bertrand-43">[43]</a> The terrain of Metz forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Basin" title="Paris Basin">Paris Basin</a> and presents a plateau relief cut by river valleys presenting <a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">cuestas</a> in the north–south direction.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Metz and its surrounding countryside are included in the forest and crop <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Regional_Natural_Park" title="Lorraine Regional Natural Park">Lorraine Regional Natural Park</a>, covering a total area of 205,000 ha (506,566 acres).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(r%C3%A9gion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (région)">Lorraine</a> has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> tending to continental humid. The summers are warm and humid, sometimes stormy, and the warmest month of the year is July, when daytime temperatures average approximately 25 °C (77.0 °F). The winters are cold but not often snowy with temperature dropping to an average low of −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) in January. Lows can be much colder through the night and early morning and rare snow can fall during a period extending from November to February.<a href="#cite_note-weather-47">[47]</a> The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year.<a href="#cite_note-meteo-48">[48]</a> The shortest day is 21 December with 7:30 hours of sunlight; the longest day is 20 June with 16:30 hours of sunlight. The median cloud cover is 93% and does not vary substantially over the course of the year.<a href="#cite_note-weather-47">[47]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Metz-Frescaty, elevation: 192 m (630 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1940–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6 (85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7 (99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3 (93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 (41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.1 (−4.2) </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.2 (−9.8) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.3 (4.5) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5 (27.5) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.2 (20.8) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7 (10.9) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.0 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−23.2 (−9.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9 (2.44) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0 (2.20) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1 (2.01) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1 (1.78) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9 (2.24) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1 (2.21) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.8 (2.35) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3 (2.33) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5 (2.42) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8 (2.55) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5 (2.54) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5 (3.01) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">713.5 (28.09) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">118.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.7 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.1 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.9 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.2 </td> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #494949; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,643.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #616161; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0A0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #BABA47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #4A4A4A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas(snowy days-sun-daylight)<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg/220px-Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg/330px-Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg/440px-Paul_Verlaine-Edmond_Aman-Jean_mg_9503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="3487" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Aman-Jean" title="Edmond Aman-Jean">Edmond Aman-Jean</a>, 1892, oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Museums_of_Metz" title="Museums of Metz">Golden Courtyard museums</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Metz with its magnificent open countries, prolific undulating rivers, wooded hillsides, vineyards of fire; cathedral all in volute, where the wind sings as a flute, and responding to it via the Mutte: this big voice of the good Lord!<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Paul Verlaine, Ode to Metz, Invectives, 1896</cite></div></blockquote></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a>]</div> The inhabitants of Metz are called Messin(e)s. Statistics on the ethnic and religious make up of the population of Metz are haphazard, as the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Republic</a> prohibits making distinctions between citizens regarding race, beliefs, and political and philosophic opinions in the process of census taking.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The French national <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of 2018 estimated the population of Metz to be 116,581, while the population of Metz <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> was about 368,000.<a href="#cite_note-compar-3">[3]</a> Through history, Metz's population has been affected by the vicissitudes of the wars and annexations involving the city, which have prevented continuous population growth. More recently, the city has suffered from the restructuring of the military and the metallurgy industry.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The historical population for the current area of Metz municipality is as follows: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1793</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,878</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1800</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,099</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,131</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,030</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1836</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">42,793</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,767</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,888</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1866</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,817</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,332</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1875</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">45,856</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1880</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">53,131</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.99%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1885</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,072</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,186</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1895</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,794</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">58,462</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1905</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,419</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,965</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,311</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,624</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">78,767</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">83,119</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,105</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.69%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,701</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,771</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">107,537</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,869</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,232</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1999</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,776</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2007</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">123,580</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2012</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,551</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">116,429</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.53%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and INSEE<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Metz" title="List of people from Metz">List of people from Metz</a></div> Several well-known figures have been linked to the city of Metz throughout its history. Renowned Messins include poet <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Verlaine-56">[56]</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Thomas" title="Ambroise Thomas">Ambroise Thomas</a> and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Jean-Victor_Poncelet" title="Jean-Victor Poncelet">Jean-Victor Poncelet</a>; numerous well-known German figures were also born in Metz notably during the annexation periods. Moreover, the city has been the residence of people such as writer <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, political thinker <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a>, artist and the inventor of the motion picture camera <a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a>, French patriot and American Revolutionary War hero Marquis <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_La_Fayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette">Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette</a>, and Luxembourg-born German-French statesman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Law and government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_law">Local law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local law">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle">Local law in Alsace-Moselle</a></div> The local law (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: droit local) applied in Metz is a legal system that operates in parallel with <a href="/wiki/French_law" class="mw-redirect" title="French law">French law</a>. Created in 1919, it preserves the French laws applied in France before 1870 and maintained by the Germans during the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>, but repealed in the rest of France after 1871. It also maintains German laws enacted by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> between 1871 and 1918, specific provisions adopted by the local authorities, and French laws that have been enacted after 1919 to be applicable only in <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>. This specific local legislation encompasses different areas including religion, social work and finance. The most striking of the legal differences between France and <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a> is the absence in Alsace-Lorraine of strict <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>, even though a constitutional right of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> is guaranteed by the French government. Alsace-Lorraine is still governed by a pre-<a href="/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State" title="1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State">1905 law</a> established by the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a>, which provides for the public subsidy of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvinist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist Church">Calvinist</a> churches and the <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> religion. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_darmes_(3658773965).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Place_darmes_%283658773965%29.jpg/220px-Place_darmes_%283658773965%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Place_darmes_%283658773965%29.jpg/330px-Place_darmes_%283658773965%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Place_darmes_%283658773965%29.jpg/440px-Place_darmes_%283658773965%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Metz" title="Hôtel de Ville, Metz">Hôtel de Ville</a> on the Place d'Armes</figcaption></figure> Like every commune of the present <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Republic</a>, Metz is managed by a mayor (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: maire) and a municipal council (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: conseil municipal), democratically elected by <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round</a> <a href="/wiki/Proportional_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Proportional voting">proportional voting</a> for six years.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The mayor is assisted by 54 municipal councillors,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> and the municipal council is held on the last Thursday of every month.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Since 2008,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> the mayor of Metz has been <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">socialist</a> Dominique Gros.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The city belongs to the Metz Metropole union of cities, which includes the 40 cities of the Metz <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Metz is the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">prefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a> based in the former <a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendant</a> Palace.<a href="#cite_note-politic50-42">[42]</a> In addition, Metz is the seat of the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a>, hosted in the former <a href="/wiki/Saint_Clement_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Clement of Metz">Saint-Clement</a> Abbey. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_administrative_divisions">City administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: City administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> The city of Metz is divided into 14 administrative divisions:<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th style="width:40px; text-align:center;">Number </th> <th style="width:100px; text-align:center;">District </th> <th style="width:400px; text-align:center;">Sights </th> <th style="width:300px; text-align:center;">Location </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Devant-les-Ponts </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Desvalliere barracks </td> <td rowspan="14" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Districts_of_Metz,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Districts_of_Metz%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Metz-Nord Patrotte </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Harbour zone </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Les îles </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand East regional parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lorraine" title="University of Lorraine">University of Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fabert" title="Lycée Fabert">Fabert High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">Cogeneration</a> Plant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Plantières-Queuleu </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Queuleu" title="Fort de Queuleu">Queuleu Fort</a>, Museum of Resistance and Deportation of Metz </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Bellecroix </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bellecroix Fort </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Metz-Vallières </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Robert Schuman private hospital </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Borny </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lorraine" title="University of Lorraine">University of Lorraine</a>, Contemporary Music Venue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Grigy-Technopôle </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Metz_Science_Park" title="Metz Science Park">Metz Science Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_ParisTech" title="Arts et Métiers ParisTech">Arts et Métiers ParisTech</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lorraine" title="University of Lorraine">University of Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Tech Lorraine">Georgia Tech Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sup%C3%A9lec" title="Supélec">Supélec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Grange aux Bois </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Trade Fair Center </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Sablon </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou-Metz" title="Centre Pompidou-Metz">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Metz" title="Arènes de Metz">Indoor Sports Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Caisse_d%27%C3%89pargne" title="Groupe Caisse d'Épargne">Caisse d'Épargne</a> regional headquarters, Metz-Metropole Conference Centre Hall (project) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Magny </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Saint-Clement and Leusiotte woods </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Nouvelle Ville </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Metz-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Metz-Ville">Imperial Station-Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Banque_Populaire" title="Groupe Banque Populaire">Banque Populaire</a> regional headquarters, Central Post Office, Chamber of Commerce </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Metz Centre </td> <td style="text-align:left;">City Hall, <a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Cathedral of Saint Stephen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temple_Neuf,_Metz" title="Temple Neuf, Metz">Temple Neuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Metz" title="Arsenal de Metz">Arsenal Concert Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole">Opera House</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Ancienne Ville </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Germans%27_Gate" title="Germans' Gate">Germans' Gate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museums_of_Metz" title="Museums of Metz">Golden Courtyard Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Contemporary_Art_Fund_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Contemporary Art Fund of Lorraine">Regional Contemporary Art Fund of Lorraine</a>, Jazz Concert Venue </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape_and_environmental_policy">Cityscape and environmental policy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cityscape and environmental policy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metz,_street_in_old_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Metz%2C_street_in_old_city.jpg/220px-Metz%2C_street_in_old_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Metz%2C_street_in_old_city.jpg/330px-Metz%2C_street_in_old_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Metz%2C_street_in_old_city.jpg/440px-Metz%2C_street_in_old_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4618" data-file-height="3464" /></a><figcaption>Street in old city</figcaption></figure> Metz contains a mishmash of architectural layers, bearing witness to centuries of history at the crossroads of different cultures,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and features a number of architectural landmarks.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a> The city possesses one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Conservation_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation area">Urban Conservation Areas</a> in France,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and more than <a href="/wiki/List_of_Historic_Monuments_in_Metz,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Historic Monuments in Metz, France">100 of the city's buildings</a> are classified on the <a href="/wiki/Monument_Historique" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument Historique">Monument Historique</a> list.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Because of its historical and cultural background, Metz is designated as <a href="/wiki/French_Towns_and_Lands_of_Art_and_History" title="French Towns and Lands of Art and History">French Town of Art and History</a>, and has been submitted on to France's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-THA-70">[70]</a> The city is famous for its yellow limestone architecture, a result of the extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Jaumont" title="Pierre de Jaumont">Jaumont stone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The historic district has kept part of the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> city with Divodurum's <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">Cardo</a> Maximus, then called Via Scarponensis (today the Trinitaires, Taison and Serpenoise streets), and the <a href="/wiki/Decumanus_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Decumanus Maximus">Decumanus Maximus</a> (today En Fournirue and d'Estrées streets).<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> At the Cardo and Decumanus <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">intersection</a> was situated the <a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">Roman forum</a>, today the <a href="/wiki/Place_Saint-Jacques_(Metz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Place Saint-Jacques (Metz)">Saint-Jacques Square</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metz_(F)_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Metz_%28F%29_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg/220px-Metz_%28F%29_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Metz_%28F%29_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg/330px-Metz_%28F%29_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Metz_%28F%29_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg/440px-Metz_%28F%29_-_Centre_Pompidou_-_Au%C3%9Fenansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou-Metz" title="Centre Pompidou-Metz">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a>, a symbol of modern Metz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borny_District_Metz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Borny_District_Metz.jpg/220px-Borny_District_Metz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Borny_District_Metz.jpg/330px-Borny_District_Metz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Borny_District_Metz.jpg/440px-Borny_District_Metz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Music Box, a high-quality concert and recording studio venue dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">modern forms of art music</a>, in the Borny District. The venue has been erected in a <a href="/wiki/HLM" title="HLM">cité HLM</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> effort</figcaption></figure> From its <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> past, the city preserves vestiges of the <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">thermae</a> (in the basement of the <a href="/wiki/Museums_of_Metz" title="Museums of Metz">Golden Courtyard</a> museum), parts of the <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(bridge)" title="Aqueduct (bridge)">aqueduct</a>,<a href="#cite_note-aqueduc-73">[73]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains" title="Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains">Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nonnains-20">[20]</a> Saint Louis' square with its vaulted arcades and a <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> chapel remains a major symbol of the city's <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Medieval</a> heritage. The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Saint-Stephen Cathedral</a>, several churches and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier" title="Hôtel particulier">Hôtels</a>, and two remarkable municipal <a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">granaries</a> reflect the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cathedral-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Examples of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> architecture can be seen in Hôtels from the 16th century, such as the House of Heads (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Maison des Têtes).<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Metz" title="Hôtel de Ville, Metz">Hôtel de Ville</a> (City Hall) and the buildings surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">town square</a> are by French architect <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques-François Blondel</a>, who was awarded the task of redesigning and modernizing the centre of Metz by the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_d%27architecture" title="Académie royale d'architecture">Royal Academy of Architecture</a> in 1755 the context of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-town_square-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> buildings from the 18th century, such as the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz">Opera House</a>,<a href="#cite_note-opera-22">[22]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendant</a> Palace (the present-day <a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">prefecture</a>),<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> and the Royal Governor's Palace (the present-day <a href="/wiki/Courthouse" title="Courthouse">courthouse</a>) built by <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_Cl%C3%A9risseau" title="Charles-Louis Clérisseau">Charles-Louis Clérisseau</a>, are also found in the city.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a> The Imperial District was built during the first annexation of Metz by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-imperial-81">[81]</a> In order to "germanise" the city, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wilhelm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Wilhelm II">Emperor Wilhelm II</a> decided to create a new district shaped by a distinctive blend of Germanic architecture, including Renaissance, neo-Romanesque and neo-Classical, mixed with elements of <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, Alsatian and mock-Bavarian styles.<a href="#cite_note-imperial-81">[81]</a> Instead of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Jaumont" title="Pierre de Jaumont">Jaumont stone</a>, commonly used everywhere else in the city, stone used in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, such as pink and grey <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> were used.<a href="#cite_note-imperial-81">[81]</a> The district features noteworthy buildings including the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Metz-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Metz-Ville">rail station</a> and the Central Post Office by German architect <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Kr%C3%B6ger" title="Jürgen Kröger">Jürgen Kröger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gare-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern architecture</a> can also be seen in the town with works of French architects <a href="/wiki/Roger-Henri_Expert" title="Roger-Henri Expert">Roger-Henri Expert</a> (Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Enfant-Jésus church, 1934), <a href="/wiki/Georges-Henri_Pingusson" title="Georges-Henri Pingusson">Georges-Henri Pingusson</a> (Fire Station, 1960) and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuisson" title="Jean Dubuisson">Jean Dubuisson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">subdivisions</a>, 1960s).<a href="#cite_note-THA-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-expert-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The refurbishment of the former <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Metz" title="Arsenal de Metz">Ney Arsenal</a> as a Concert Hall in 1989 and the erection of the <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Metz" title="Arènes de Metz">Metz Arena</a> in 2002, by Spanish and French architects <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Bofill" title="Ricardo Bofill">Ricardo Bofill</a> and French <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chemetov" title="Paul Chemetov">Paul Chemetov</a> represent the <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodern movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou-Metz" title="Centre Pompidou-Metz">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a> museum in the Amphitheatre District represents a strong architectural initiative to mark the entrance of Metz into the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-pompidou-84">[84]</a> Designed by Japanese architect <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ban" title="Shigeru Ban">Shigeru Ban</a>, the building is remarkable for the complex, innovative carpentry of its roof,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> and integrates concepts of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">sustainable architecture</a>. The project encompasses the architecture of two recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Architecture_Prize" title="Pritzker Architecture Prize">Pritzker Architecture Prize</a>, Shigeru Ban (2014) and French <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Portzamparc" title="Christian de Portzamparc">Christian de Portzamparc</a> (1994). The Amphitheatre District is also conceived by French architects <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Michelin" title="Nicolas Michelin">Nicolas Michelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Viguier" title="Jean-Paul Viguier">Jean-Paul Viguier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Wilmotte" title="Jean-Michel Wilmotte">Jean-Michel Wilmotte</a>, and designer <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Starck" title="Philippe Starck">Philippe Starck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amphi-87">[87]</a> The urban project is expected to be completed by 2023.<a href="#cite_note-amphi-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Further, a contemporary music venue designed by <a href="/wiki/Contextualism" title="Contextualism">contextualist</a> French architect <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Ricciotti" title="Rudy Ricciotti">Rudy Ricciotti</a> stands in the Borny District.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_ecology">Urban ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Urban ecology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metz_R03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Metz_R03.jpg/220px-Metz_R03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Metz_R03.jpg/330px-Metz_R03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Metz_R03.jpg/440px-Metz_R03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeux_d%27eau" title="Jeux d'eau">Water games</a> in the Islands District</figcaption></figure> Under the leadership of such people as botanist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Pelt" title="Jean-Marie Pelt">Jean-Marie Pelt</a>, Metz pioneered a policy of <a href="/wiki/Urban_ecology" title="Urban ecology">urban ecology</a> during the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-urban_ecology-23">[23]</a> Because of the failure of <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">housing estate</a> development in Europe during the 1960s, mostly based on the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_International_d%27Architecture_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne">CIAM</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Jean-Marie Pelt, then municipal councillor of Metz, initiated a new approach to the urban environment.<a href="#cite_note-ecology-urbanism-24">[24]</a> Based initially on the ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_(sociology)" title="Chicago school (sociology)">Chicago School</a>, Pelt's theories pleaded for better integration of humans into their environment and developed a concept centered on the relationship between "stone and water".<a href="#cite_note-urban_ecology-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> His policy was realized in Metz by the establishment of extensive open areas surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (river)">Moselle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seille_(Moselle)" title="Seille (Moselle)">Seille</a> rivers and the development of large pedestrian areas. As a result, Metz has over 37 m2 (400 sq ft) of open areas per inhabitant in the form of numerous public gardens in the city.<a href="#cite_note-garden_map-26">[26]</a> The principles of urban ecology are still applied in Metz with the implementation of a local <a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a> action plan.<a href="#cite_note-Agenda21-28">[28]</a> The municipal ecological policy encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">sustainable refurbishment</a> of ancient buildings,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> the erection of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">sustainable districts and buildings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">green public transport</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and the creation of public gardens by means of <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">landscape architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Additionally, the city has developed its own <a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">combined heat and power station</a>, using waste wood <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> from the surrounding forests as a <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> source.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> With a thermal efficiency above 80%, the 45MW <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a> of the plant provides electricity and heat for 44,000 <a href="/wiki/Dwelling" title="Dwelling">dwellings</a>. The Metz power station is the first local producer and distributor of energy in France.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_architecture">Military architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Metz" title="Fortifications of Metz">Fortifications of Metz</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg/220px-Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg/330px-Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg/440px-Metz_Porte_des_Allemands_R06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="2533" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Germans%27_Gate" title="Germans' Gate">Germans' Gate</a> from the 13th century, one of the last medieval <a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">bridge castles</a> found in France. Today, an exhibition hall</figcaption></figure> As a historic <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> town, Metz has been heavily influenced by military architecture throughout its history.<a href="#cite_note-95th-102">[102]</a> From <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient history</a> to the present, the city has been successively fortified and modified to accommodate the troops stationed there. <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">Defensive walls</a> from <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> to the 20th century are still visible today, incorporated into the design of public gardens along the Moselle and Seille rivers.<a href="#cite_note-95th-102">[102]</a> A medieval <a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">bridge castle</a> from the 13th century, named <a href="/wiki/Germans%27_Gate" title="Germans' Gate">Germans' Gate</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Porte des Allemands), today converted into a convention and exhibition centre, has become one of the landmarks of the city. It is still possible to see parts of the <a href="/wiki/Metz_Citadel" title="Metz Citadel">16th century citadel</a>, as well as fortifications built in the 1740s by <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Cormontaigne" title="Louis de Cormontaigne">Louis de Cormontaigne</a> but based on designs by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Vauban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cormontaigne-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Important barracks, mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries, are spread around the city: some, which are of architectural interest, have been converted to civilian use, such as the <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Metz" title="Arsenal de Metz">Arsenal Concert Hall</a> by Spanish architect <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Bofill" title="Ricardo Bofill">Ricardo Bofill</a>. The extensive <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Metz" title="Fortifications of Metz">fortifications of Metz</a>, which ring the city, include early examples of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9r%C3%A9_de_Rivi%C3%A8res_system" title="Séré de Rivières system">Séré de Rivières system</a> forts.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Other forts were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> A hiking trail on the Saint-Quentin plateau passes through a former military training zone and ends at the now abandoned military forts, providing a vantage point from which to survey the city.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG/220px-Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG/330px-Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG/440px-Rue_Serpenoise_Metz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Rue Serpenoise, in the main pedestrian area.</figcaption></figure> Although the <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> industry has historically dominated Moselle's economy, Metz's efforts at economic diversification have created a base in the sectors of <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">automotive</a> industry. The city is the economic heart of the Lorraine region and around 73,000 people work daily within the <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The transport facilities found in the conurbation, including the international <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">motorway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inland_navigation" title="Inland navigation">inland</a> connections and the local <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system, have made the city a transport hub in the heart of the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Metz is home to the biggest harbour handling <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> in France with over 4,000,000 tons/year.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Metz is home to the Moselle <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Commerce">Chamber of Commerce</a>. International companies such as <a href="/wiki/PSA_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="PSA Peugeot Citroën">PSA Peugeot Citroën</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">ArcelorMittal</a>, <a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a> and <a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a> have established plants and centres in the Metz conurbation. Metz is also the regional headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Caisse_d%27Epargne" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Caisse d'Epargne">Caisse d'Epargne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Banque_Populaire" title="Groupe Banque Populaire">Banque Populaire</a> banking groups. Metz is an important commercial centre of northern France with France's biggest retailer federation, consisting of around 2,000 retailers.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Important <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> companies are found in the city, such as the <a href="/wiki/Galeries_Lafayette" title="Galeries Lafayette">Galeries Lafayette</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a> <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a> entertainment retail chain. The historic city centre displays one of the largest [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] commercial pedestrian areas in France and a mall, the Saint-Jacques centre. In addition there are several multiplex movie theatres and malls found in the urban agglomeration. In recent years[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>], Metz municipality have promoted an ambitious policy of tourism development, including urban revitalization and refurbishment of buildings and public squares.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> This policy has been spurred by the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou-Metz" title="Centre Pompidou-Metz">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Since its inauguration, the institution has become the most popular cultural venue in France outside Paris, with 550,000 visitors per year.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Saint-Stephen Cathedral</a> is the most visited building in the city, accommodating 652,000 visitors per year.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_exhibition_halls">Museums and exhibition halls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Museums and exhibition halls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cultural_venues_in_Metz,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cultural_venues_in_Metz%2C_France.jpg/220px-Cultural_venues_in_Metz%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cultural_venues_in_Metz%2C_France.jpg/330px-Cultural_venues_in_Metz%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cultural_venues_in_Metz%2C_France.jpg/440px-Cultural_venues_in_Metz%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1398" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption>Some of the cultural venues in Metz, clockwise from top: the <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Metz" title="Arsenal de Metz">Arsenal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museums_of_Metz" title="Museums of Metz">Golden Courtyard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole">Opera House</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Place_Saint-Jacques_(Metz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Place Saint-Jacques (Metz)">Saint-Jacques square</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg/220px-Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg/330px-Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg/440px-Museum_1870_War_Gravelotte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Museum of the 1870 War and of the Annexion, the only museum in Europe dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg/220px-Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg/330px-Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg/440px-Metz_Saint_Pierre_R02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2804" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains" title="Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains">Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains</a>, the oldest church in France and cradle of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Chant">Gregorian Chant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg/220px-Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg/330px-Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg/440px-Palais_episcopal_Metz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Covered_Market,_Metz" title="Covered Market, Metz">Covered Market</a>, home to traditional local food producers and retailers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fireworks_Saint_Nicholas_celebrations,_Metz_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fireworks_Saint_Nicholas_celebrations%2C_Metz_2011.jpg/220px-Fireworks_Saint_Nicholas_celebrations%2C_Metz_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fireworks_Saint_Nicholas_celebrations%2C_Metz_2011.jpg/330px-Fireworks_Saint_Nicholas_celebrations%2C_Metz_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Fireworks_Saint_Nicholas_celebrations%2C_Metz_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Fireworks on the town square for the celebrations of <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (region)">Lorraine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou-Metz" title="Centre Pompidou-Metz">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a> is a museum of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">modern and contemporary arts</a>, the largest temporary exhibition area in France outside Paris. The museum features exhibitions from the extensive collection of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Pompidou</a>, Europe's largest collection of 20th-century art.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Saint Stephen's Cathedral</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> cathedral of the city built during the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-CathedralWebcam-18">[18]</a> The cathedral exhibits the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Bishopric of Metz</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Parament" title="Parament">paraments</a> and items used in the service of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Metz Cathedral is sometimes nicknamed the Good Lord's Lantern (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: la Lanterne du Bon Dieu),<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> as it has the largest expanse of stained glass windows in the world: 6,500 m2 (70,000 sq ft). These include works by <a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a> master glass makers <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_M%C3%BCnster" title="Hermann von Münster">Hermann von Münster</a>, Théobald of Lixheim and <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Bousch" title="Valentin Bousch">Valentin Bousch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles-Laurent_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Charles-Laurent Maréchal">Charles-Laurent Maréchal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">tachist</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bissi%C3%A8re" title="Roger Bissière">Roger Bissière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernist</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>.</li> <li>Another of the city's churches displays a complete set of stained glass windows by French <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li></ul> In addition, Metz features other museums and exhibition venues, such as: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Regional_Contemporary_Art_Fund_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Contemporary Art Fund of Lorraine">FRAC Lorraine</a>, a public collection of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (region)">Lorraine</a> region. It is located in the 12th-century Saint-Liver <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier" title="Hôtel particulier">Hôtel</a> and organizes exhibitions of local and international contemporary artists.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Museums_of_Metz" title="Museums of Metz">Golden Courtyard</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: la Cour d'Or), a museum dedicated to the history of Metz, divided into four sections (e.g. archeology, medieval, architecture and fine arts).<a href="#cite_note-museums-125">[125]</a> The Golden Courtyard displays a rich collection of Gallo-Roman and medieval finds and the remains of the Gallo-Roman baths of Divodurum Mediomatricum, revealed by the extension works to the museums in the 1930s.</li> <li>The Museum of the 1870 War and of the Annexion in <a href="/wiki/Gravelotte" title="Gravelotte">Gravelotte</a>, a village located within the Metz-Metropole conurbation and the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravelotte" title="Battle of Gravelotte">Battle of Gravelotte</a>, the only museum in Europe dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The museum exhibits military and everyday items from the period as well as artworks related to the 1870 war. A mausoleum erected in 1904 honoring the soldiers who died during the battle, the Memorial Hall (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: La Halle du Souvenir), has been included in the museum.</li> <li>The House for Europe, located on the estate of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scy-Chazelles" title="Scy-Chazelles">Scy-Chazelles</a> in the Metz-Metropole conurbation, transformed into a museum and convention centre.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Across the street is the fortified 12th Century church where Robert Schuman now rests. The Robert Schuman House for Europe organises cultural and educational events that introduce the visitor to Schuman's life and works and to the way Europe has been constructed and continues to develop today.</li> <li>Verlaine's House (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: la Maison de Verlaine) is a museum located in the house where the poet <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a> was born, dedicated to his work, featuring permanent and temporary exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-Verlaine-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Solange_Bertrand" title="Solange Bertrand">Solange Bertrand</a> foundation, located in the artist's former house, conserves and displays her artworks.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The municipal archives preserve and exhibit Metz's historical municipal records dating from medieval times to the present.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_and_performing_arts">Entertainment and performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Entertainment and performing arts">edit</a>]</div> Metz has several venues for the performing arts. The <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole">Opera House of Metz</a>, the oldest working <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> in France, features plays, dance and lyric poetry.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Metz" title="Arsenal de Metz">Arsenal Concert Hall</a>, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>, is widely renowned for its excellent acoustics.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The Trinitarians Club is a multimedia arts complex housed in the vaulted cellar and chapel of an ancient convent, the city's prime venue for <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The Music Box (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Boîte à Musique), familiarly known as BAM, is the concert venue dedicated to rock and electronic music.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The Braun Hall and the <a href="/wiki/Bernard-Marie_Kolt%C3%A8s" title="Bernard-Marie Koltès">Koltès</a> Theater feature plays, and the city has two <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">movie theaters</a> specializing in <a href="/wiki/Auteur_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Auteur theory">Auteur cinema</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Place_Saint-Jacques_(Metz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Place Saint-Jacques (Metz)">Saint-Jacques Square</a>, surrounded by busy bars and pubs whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. Since 2014, the former bus garage has been converted to accommodate over thirty artists in residence, in a space where they can create and rehearse artworks and even build set decorations.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The artistic complex, called Metz Network of All Cultures (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Toutes les Cultures en Réseau à Metz) and familiarly known as TCRM-Blida, encompasses a large hall of 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) while theater and dance companies benefit from a studio of 800 m2 (8,600 sq ft) with backstages. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metz_in_the_arts">Metz in the arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Metz in the arts">edit</a>]</div> Metz was an important cultural centre during the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Renaissance" title="Carolingian Renaissance">Carolingian Renaissance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GregorianChant-12">[12]</a> For instance, <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> was created in Metz during the 8th century as a fusion of Gallican and ancient Roman repertory. Then called Messin Chant, it remains the oldest form of music still in use in Western Europe. The bishops of Metz, notably <a href="/wiki/Chrodegang_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrodegang of Metz">Saint-Chrodegang</a> promoted its use for the Roman liturgy in Gallic lands under the favorable influence of the Carolingian monarchs. Messin chant made two major contributions to the body of chant: it fitted the chant into the ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">octoechos</a> system, and invented an innovative <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Neume" title="Neume">neumes</a> to show the shape of a remembered melody.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Metz was also an important centre of <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated manuscripts">illumination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art#Illuminated_manuscripts" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian manuscripts</a>, producing such monuments of Carolingian book illumination as the <a href="/wiki/Drogo_Sacramentary" title="Drogo Sacramentary">Drogo Sacramentary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metz School (page does not exist)">Metz School</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: École de Metz) was an art movement in Metz and the region between 1834 and 1870, centred on <a href="/wiki/Charles-Laurent_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Charles-Laurent Maréchal">Charles-Laurent Maréchal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ecolemetz-140">[140]</a> The term was originally proposed in 1845 by the poet <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, who appreciated the works of the artists. They were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a> and inspired by the medieval heritage of Metz and its romantic surroundings.<a href="#cite_note-ecolemetz-140">[140]</a> The Franco-Prussian War and the annexation of the territory by the Germans resulted in the dismantling of the movement. The main figures of the Metz School were <a href="/wiki/Charles-Laurent_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Charles-Laurent Maréchal">Charles-Laurent Maréchal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Migette" title="Auguste Migette">Auguste Migette</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Hussenot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Hussenot (page does not exist)">Auguste Hussenot</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Hussenot" class="extiw" title="fr:Auguste Hussenot">fr</a>], <a href="/wiki/Louis-Th%C3%A9odore_Devilly" title="Louis-Théodore Devilly">Louis-Théodore Devilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Fratin" class="mw-redirect" title="Christophe Fratin">Christophe Fratin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_P%C3%AAtre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Pêtre (page does not exist)">Charles Pêtre</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_P%C3%AAtre" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Pêtre">fr</a>].<a href="#cite_note-ecolemetz-140">[140]</a> Their works include paintings, engravings, drawings, stained-glass windows and sculptures. A festival named "passages" takes place in May. Numerous shows are presented to it.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graoully_dragon_as_symbol_of_the_city">Graoully dragon as symbol of the city</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Graoully dragon as symbol of the city">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Graoully" title="Graoully">Graoully</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Metz" title="Clement of Metz">Clement of Metz</a></div> The Graoully is depicted as a fearsome dragon, vanquished by the sacred powers of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Clement_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Clement of Metz">Saint Clement of Metz</a>, the first Bishop of the city. The Graoully quickly became a symbol of Metz and can be seen in numerous insignia of the city, from the 10th century on.<a href="#cite_note-graoully-142">[142]</a> Writers from Metz tend to present the legend as an allegory of Christianity's victory over <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>, represented by the harmful dragon.<a href="#cite_note-graoully-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> Local specialties include <a href="/wiki/Quiche" title="Quiche">quiche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A9e" title="Potée">potée</a>, Lorraine <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">pâté</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">suckling pig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-cuisine2-144">[144]</a> Various dishes such as jam, tart, <a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">charcuterie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruit_brandy" title="Fruit brandy">fruit brandy</a> are made from the <a href="/wiki/Mirabelle_plum" title="Mirabelle plum">Mirabelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damsons" class="mw-redirect" title="Damsons">Damsons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-cuisine2-144">[144]</a> Metz is the home of some <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastries</a>, such as Metz cheese pie and Metz Balls (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: boulet de Metz), a ganache-stuffed biscuit coated with <a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">marzipan</a>, caramel and dark chocolate.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-143">[143]</a> Local beverages include <a href="/wiki/Moselle_wine" title="Moselle wine">Moselle wine</a> and Amos beer.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-cuisine2-144">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Covered_Market,_Metz" title="Covered Market, Metz">Covered Market of Metz</a> is one of the oldest and most grandiose in France and is home to traditional local food producers and retailers. It was originally built as the bishop's palace but the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> broke out before the Bishop of Metz could move in and the citizens decided to turn it into a food market.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The adjacent Chamber's Square (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Place de la Chambre) is surrounded by numerous restaurants serving local food. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celebrations_and_events">Celebrations and events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Celebrations and events">edit</a>]</div> Many events are celebrated in Metz throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The city of Metz dedicates two weeks to the <a href="/wiki/Mirabelle_plum" title="Mirabelle plum">Mirabelle plum</a> during the popular Mirabelle Festival held in August. During the festival, in addition to open markets selling fresh plums, mirabelle tarts and mirabelle liquor, there are live music, fireworks, parties, art exhibits, a parade with floral floats, a competition, the crowning of the Mirabelle Queen and a gala of celebration.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> A literature festival is held in June. The Montgolfiades <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot air balloon festival">hot air balloon festival</a> is organized in September. The second most popular <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Market">Christmas Market</a> in France is held in November and December.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Finally, a <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> parade honors the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (region)">Lorraine region</a> in December. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stade_Saint-Symphorien,_Metz_(14219502229).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stade_Saint-Symphorien%2C_Metz_%2814219502229%29.jpg/220px-Stade_Saint-Symphorien%2C_Metz_%2814219502229%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stade_Saint-Symphorien%2C_Metz_%2814219502229%29.jpg/330px-Stade_Saint-Symphorien%2C_Metz_%2814219502229%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stade_Saint-Symphorien%2C_Metz_%2814219502229%29.jpg/440px-Stade_Saint-Symphorien%2C_Metz_%2814219502229%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9974" data-file-height="3119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stade_Saint-Symphorien" title="Stade Saint-Symphorien">Stade Saint-Symphorien</a></figcaption></figure> Metz is home to the Football Club of Metz (<a href="/wiki/FC_Metz" title="FC Metz">FC Metz</a>), a football association club in <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a>, the highest division of French football (as of 2019–2020 season). FC Metz has won three times the <a href="/wiki/Ligue_2" title="Ligue 2">Ligue 2</a> (1935, 2007 and 2014), twice the <a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_France" title="Coupe de France">Coupe de France</a> (in 1984 and 1988) and the <a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_la_Ligue" title="Coupe de la Ligue">French League Cup</a> (in 1986 and 1996), and was <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">French championship</a> runner-up in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-fcmetz-149">[149]</a> FC Metz has also gained recognition in France and Europe for its successful youth academy, winning the <a href="/wiki/Coupe_Gambardella" title="Coupe Gambardella">Gambardella Cup</a> 3 times in 1981, 2001 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-fcmetz-149">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Stade_Saint-Symphorien" title="Stade Saint-Symphorien">Saint-Symphorien stadium</a> has been the home of FC Metz since the creation of the club. <a href="/wiki/Metz_Handball" title="Metz Handball">Metz Handball</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> club. Metz Handball has won the French Women's First League championship 23 times, the Women's France Cup nine times, and the French Women's League Cup eight times.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Metz" title="Arènes de Metz">Metz Arena</a> has been the home of Metz Handball since 2002. Since 2003, Metz has been home to the <a href="/wiki/Open_de_Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Open de Moselle">Moselle Open</a>, an <a href="/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_250_series" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP World Tour 250 series">ATP World Tour 250 tournament</a> played on indoor hard courts, which usually takes place in September.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Event</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Leagues and Cups</th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Metz" title="FC Metz">FC Metz</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_France" title="Coupe de France">French Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_la_Ligue" title="Coupe de la Ligue">French League Cup</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stade_Saint-Symphorien" title="Stade Saint-Symphorien">Saint-Symphorien stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metz_Handball" title="Metz Handball">Metz Handball</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Women%27s_Handball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="French Women's Handball Championship">French Women's First League</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHF_Women%27s_Champions_League" title="EHF Women's Champions League">EHF Women's Champions League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Metz" title="Arènes de Metz">Metz Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metz Hockey Club<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td>French Men's Second League </td> <td>Saint-Symphorien Ice Ring </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metz Ronde Pétanque </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque">Pétanque</a> </td> <td>French Championship, European Cup </td> <td>Saint-Symphorien Arena </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metz TT<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Table_Tennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Table Tennis">Table Tennis</a> </td> <td>French Women's Pro A; French Men's Pro B </td> <td>Saint-Symphorien Arena </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_de_Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Open de Moselle">Moselle Open</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_250_series" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP World Tour 250 series">ATP World Tour 250 tournament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Metz" title="Arènes de Metz">Metz Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Golden Mirabelle Open<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a> </td> <td>Allianz Golf Tour </td> <td>Technopole Golf Course </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Mirabelle Metz Marathon<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">Athletics</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Metz Urban Agglomeration </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GT_Lorraine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GT_Lorraine.jpg/220px-GT_Lorraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GT_Lorraine.jpg/330px-GT_Lorraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GT_Lorraine.jpg/440px-GT_Lorraine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Tech Lorraine">Georgia Tech Lorraine</a> campus.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_schools">High schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: High schools">edit</a>]</div> Metz has numerous high schools, including the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fabert" title="Lycée Fabert">Fabert High School</a> and the Lycée of Communication. Some of these institutions offer higher education courses such as <a href="/wiki/Classes_pr%C3%A9paratoires" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes préparatoires">classes préparatoires</a> (undergraduate school) or <a href="/wiki/Brevet_de_Technicien_Sup%C3%A9rieur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brevet de Technicien Supérieur">BTS</a> (technician certificate). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Lorraine">University of Lorraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: University of Lorraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lorraine" title="University of Lorraine">University of Lorraine</a></div> Metz is also home to the University of Lorraine (often abbreviated as UL).<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The university is divided into two university centers, one in Metz (material sciences, technology and management) and one in <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (biological sciences, health care, administration, management and law). The University of Lorraine, which ranks in 2016 among the top 15 of French universities and among the top 300 of universities in the world according to the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> has a student body of over 55,000 and offers 101 accredited research centers organized in 9 research areas and 8 doctoral colleges.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduate_schools">Graduate schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Graduate schools">edit</a>]</div> At the end of the 1990s, the city expanded and the <a href="/wiki/Metz_Science_Park" title="Metz Science Park">Metz Science Park</a> was created in the southern area. Along with this expansion, several graduate schools took the opportunity to establish campuses in the park. At first, facilities were grouped around the lake Symphony, like <a href="/wiki/Sup%C3%A9lec" title="Supélec">Supélec</a> in 1985 and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Tech Lorraine">Georgia Tech Lorraine</a> in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In 1996, the engineering school <a href="/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_ParisTech" title="Arts et Métiers ParisTech">Arts et Métiers ParisTech</a> (ENSAM) built a research and learning center next to the golf course.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> This opened the way to the development of a new area, where the Franco-German university (ISFATES) and the ENIM moved in 2010. These graduate schools often cooperate with the University of Lorraine. For instance, the university and ENSAM share research teams, laboratories, equipments and doctoral programs. The <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs_des_travaux_de_la_construction_de_Metz" title="École supérieure d'ingénieurs des travaux de la construction de Metz">École supérieure d'ingénieurs des travaux de la construction de Metz</a> is also located in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg/220px-Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg/330px-Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg/440px-Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>The Mettis hybrid bi-articulated bus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg/220px-Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg/330px-Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg/440px-Gare_de_Metz_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3052" data-file-height="2274" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Metz-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Metz-Ville">Station Palace</a> in the Imperial District, built 1905–1908 during German rule.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_transport">Local transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Local transport">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a> includes a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system, called Mettis.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Mettis vehicles are high-capacity <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain" title="Hybrid vehicle drivetrain">hybrid</a> bi-articulated buses built by <a href="/wiki/Van_Hool" title="Van Hool">Van Hool</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> and stop at designated elevated tubes, complete with disability access. Mettis has its own planned and integrated <a href="/wiki/Transportation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation system">transportation system</a>, which includes two dedicated lines that spread out into the Metz conurbation. Mettis lanes A and B serve the city's major facilities (e.g., city centre, university campus and hospitals), and a <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transport hub</a> is located next to the railway station. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Metz-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Metz-Ville">Gare de Metz-Ville</a></div> Metz Railway Station is connected to the French high speed train (<a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a>) network, which provides a direct rail service to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg (city)">Luxembourg</a>. The time from Paris (<a href="/wiki/Gare_de_l%27Est" title="Gare de l'Est">Gare de l'Est</a>) to Metz is 82 minutes. Additionally, Metz is served by the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lorraine_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lorraine TGV">Lorraine TGV railway station</a>, located at <a href="/wiki/Louvigny,_Moselle" title="Louvigny, Moselle">Louvigny</a>, 25 km (16 mi) to the south of Metz, for high speed trains going to <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (without stopping in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>). Also, Metz is one of the main stations of the regional express trains system, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9trolor" title="Métrolor">Métrolor</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorways">Motorways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Motorways">edit</a>]</div> Metz is located at the <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">intersection</a> of two major road axes: the <a href="/wiki/A4_autoroute" title="A4 autoroute">Eastern Motorway</a>, itself a part of the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E50" title="European route E50">European route E50</a> connecting Paris to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/A31_autoroute" title="A31 autoroute">A31 Motorway</a>, which goes north to <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> and south to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_%E2%80%93_Findel_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg – Findel Airport">Luxembourg International Airport</a> is the nearest international airport, connected to Metz by <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9trolor" title="Métrolor">Métrolor</a> train. The <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lorraine_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lorraine TGV">Lorraine TGV Station</a> is 75 minutes by train from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> international <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a>. Finally, <a href="/wiki/Metz%E2%80%93Nancy%E2%80%93Lorraine_Airport" title="Metz–Nancy–Lorraine Airport">Metz–Nancy–Lorraine Airport</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Goin,_Moselle" title="Goin, Moselle">Goin</a>, 16.5 km (10.3 mi) southeast of Metz. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterways">Waterways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Waterways">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (river)">Moselle (river)</a></div> Metz is located at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (river)">Moselle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seille_(Moselle)" title="Seille (Moselle)">Seille</a> rivers, both <a href="/wiki/Voies_navigable_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Voies navigable de France">navigable waterways</a>. The marina connects Metz to the cities of the Moselle valley (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schengen,_Luxembourg" title="Schengen, Luxembourg">Schengen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>) via the Moselle river. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Main sights">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg/220px-Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg/330px-Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg/440px-Temple_de_Metz_mai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The iconic <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> church <a href="/wiki/Temple_Neuf,_Metz" title="Temple Neuf, Metz">Temple Neuf</a> on the Moselle river<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Historic_Monuments_in_Metz,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Historic Monuments in Metz, France">List of Historic Monuments in Metz, France</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_heritage">Religious heritage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Religious heritage">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Saint Stephen's cathedral</a> built during the 13th century. The cathedral is nicknamed the Good Lord's Lantern (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: la Lanterne du Bon Dieu),<a href="#cite_note-cathedral-19">[19]</a> as it has the largest expanse of <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows in the world and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_church_naves" title="List of highest church naves">tenth-highest</a> nave in the world.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains basilica">Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains basilica</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of oldest churches">oldest churches in the world</a> and cradle of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Chant">Gregorian Chant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nonnains-20">[20]</a></li> <li>Saint Maximin's church featuring stained glass windows by French artist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> and the Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Enfant-Jésus church built by French architect <a href="/wiki/Roger-Henri_Expert" title="Roger-Henri Expert">Roger-Henri Expert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-expert-82">[82]</a></li> <li>the 13th-century Romanesque <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>'s chapel, once part of the Templar <a href="/wiki/Commandry_(feudalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry (feudalism)">commandery</a> of Metz, the oldest Templar institution in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_heritage">Civil heritage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Civil heritage">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra-Théâtre de Metz">opera house of Metz Metropole</a> built during the 18th century in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>-influenced neo-Classical style.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a> It is the oldest working <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> in France and one of the oldest in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-opera-22">[22]</a></li> <li>The birthplaces of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Verlaine-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier">Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Schwarz-Bart" title="André Schwarz-Bart">André Schwarz-Bart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Kahn" title="Gustave Kahn">Gustave Kahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Piern%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Pierné">Gabriel Pierné</a>, the sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_P%C3%AAtre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Pêtre (page does not exist)">Charles Pêtre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Charles_Louis_de_Lasalle" title="Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle">Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle</a>.</li> <li>The house of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>, when he came to Metz—then a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>—to escape condemnation for heresy by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>.</li> <li>Numerous medieval edifices, including two <a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">granaries</a> and several <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier" title="Hôtel particulier">Hôtels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_heritage">Administrative heritage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Administrative heritage">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>the town square and its surrounding <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> buildings, built by French architect <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques-François Blondel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> courthouse (former <a href="/wiki/Governor#France" title="Governor">Governor</a>'s Palace), built by French artist <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_Cl%C3%A9risseau" title="Charles-Louis Clérisseau">Charles-Louis Clérisseau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-architecture-66">[66]</a> location in 1775 of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_Lafayette#Joining_the_American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette">Diner of Metz</a> when <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a> met <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Broglie,_marquis_de_Ruffec" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec">Marquis of Ruffec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester_and_Edinburgh" title="Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh">Duke of Gloucester</a> and decided to support the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque Revival</a> <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Metz-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Metz-Ville">Station-Palace</a> and Central Post Office, built by German architect <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Kr%C3%B6ger" title="Jürgen Kröger">Jürgen Kröger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gare-21">[21]</a></li> <li>the Northeast France defence headquarters (former <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a> <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a>), built by German architects Schönhals and Stolterfoth in a neo-Flemish style.<a href="#cite_note-imperial-81">[81]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_heritage">Military heritage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Military heritage">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>the German's Gate from the 13th century, the last medieval <a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">bridge castle</a> in France. The fortification played a crucial defensive role during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Metz_(1552)" title="Siege of Metz (1552)">siege of Metz</a> in 1552–53 by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>.</li> <li>the ruins of the city's <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">defensive walls</a> dating from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient history</a> to the 18th century,<a href="#cite_note-cormontaigne-103">[103]</a> and the extensive 19th- and 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Metz" title="Fortifications of Metz">fortifications of Metz</a>.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Queuleu" title="Fort de Queuleu">Fort of Queuleu</a>, also called the Hell of Queuleu (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: l'Enfer de Queuleu), used by the Germans as a detention and interrogation centre for members of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/War_memorial" title="War memorial">war memorial</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> sculpture by French sculptor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Niclausse" title="Paul Niclausse">Paul Niclausse</a> representing a mother cradling the dead body of her son.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> Metz is a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=QuattroPole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QuattroPole (page does not exist)">QuattroPole</a><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuattroPole" class="extiw" title="fr:QuattroPole">(FR)</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuattroPole" class="extiw" title="de:QuattroPole">(DE)</a> union of cities, along with <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg (city)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a> (neighbouring countries: Luxembourg, France, and Germany).<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Metz has a central place in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Region">Greater Region</a> and of the economic <a href="/wiki/SaarLorLux" class="mw-redirect" title="SaarLorLux">SaarLorLux</a> <a href="/wiki/Euregio" class="mw-redirect" title="Euregio">Euroregion</a>. Metz is also twin town with:<a href="#cite_note-Metz_twinning-172">[172]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, Germany, from 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>, England, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, from 1967<a href="#cite_note-Metz_twinning-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a>, Israel, from 1984<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a>, France, from 1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a>, China, from 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a>, Czech Republic, from 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City">Kansas City</a>, United States of America, from 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Djambala" title="Djambala">Djambala</a>, Republic of Congo, from 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, China, from 2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a>, Ukraine, from 2022</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Quentin_in_Moselle_Valley" title="Mont Saint-Quentin in Moselle Valley">Mont Saint-Quentin in Moselle Valley</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-57463">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-57463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-compar-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-033+UU2020-57701+COM-57463">"Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Metz (033), Unité urbaine 2020 de Metz (57701), Commune de Metz (57463)"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. Retrieved 20 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparateur+de+territoire%3A+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+de+Metz+%28033%29%2C+Unit%C3%A9+urbaine+2020+de+Metz+%2857701%29%2C+Commune+de+Metz+%2857463%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-033%2BUU2020-57701%2BCOM-57463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moselle.gouv.fr/">"Official website of the prefecture of Moselle"</a> (in French). Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+prefecture+of+Moselle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moselle.gouv.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cg57.fr/Pages/default.aspx">"Official website of the Moselle department"</a> (in French). Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Moselle+department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cg57.fr%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-river-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-river_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-river_6-1">b</a> Says J.M. (2010) La Moselle, une rivière européenne. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-857-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-857-2">978-2-87692-857-2</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712060502/http://www.granderegion.net/fr/index.html">"Official website of the Greater Region"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.granderegion.net/fr/index.html">the original</a> on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Greater+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.granderegion.net%2Ffr%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-7">h</a> Bour R. (2007) Histoire de Metz, nouvelle édition. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-728-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-728-5">978-2-87692-728-5</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Divodurum-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Divodurum_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Divodurum_9-1">b</a> Vigneron B. (1986) Metz antique: Divodurum Mediomatricorum. Eds. Maisonneuve. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7160-0115-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-7160-0115-4">2-7160-0115-4</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Austrasia-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Austrasia_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austrasia_10-1">b</a> Huguenin A. (2011) Histoire du royaume mérovingien d'Austrasie. Eds. des Paraiges. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-90185-00-5" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-90185-00-5">979-10-90185-00-5</a> pp. 134,275 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Carololingian-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Carololingian_11-0">^</a> Settipani C. (1989) Les ancêtres de Charlemagne. Ed. Société atlantique d'impression. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-906483-28-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-906483-28-1">2-906483-28-1</a> pp. 3–49 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-GregorianChant-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GregorianChant_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GregorianChant_12-1">b</a> Demollière C.J. (2004) L'art du chantre carolingien. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87692-555-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-87692-555-9">2-87692-555-9</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-republic-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-republic_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-republic_13-1">b</a> Roemer F. (2007) Les institutions de la République messine. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-709-4">978-2-87692-709-4</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Weyland A. (2010) Moselle plurielle: identité complexe & complexes identitaires. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-748-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-748-3">978-2-87692-748-3</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/FR">"World Heritage Site List of France, UNESCO Official Website"</a> (HTLM). Retrieved 19 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Site+List+of+France%2C+UNESCO+Official+Website.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2FFR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5882/">"Presentation of the specificity of Metz for the UNESCO World Heritage Site enlistment, UNESCO Official Website"</a> (HTLM) (in French). Retrieved 19 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+the+specificity+of+Metz+for+the+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Site+enlistment%2C+UNESCO+Official+Website.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5882%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201165959/http://metz.fr/pages/patrimoine/unesco/doc/140114_unesco_liste_indicative.pdf">"Presentation of the specificity of Metz for the UNESCO World Heritage Site enlistment, Official Website of the Municipality of Metz"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metz.fr/pages/patrimoine/unesco/doc/140114_unesco_liste_indicative.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+the+specificity+of+Metz+for+the+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Site+enlistment%2C+Official+Website+of+the+Municipality+of+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetz.fr%2Fpages%2Fpatrimoine%2Funesco%2Fdoc%2F140114_unesco_liste_indicative.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathedralWebcam-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathedralWebcam_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathedralWebcam_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512072404/http://metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/cathedrale.php">"Metz Cathedral webcam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/cathedrale.php">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metz+Cathedral+webcam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fdecouvrir%2Fwebcam%2Fcathedrale.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cathedral-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cathedral_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathedral_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathedral_19-2">c</a> Collectif (2009) Monumental 2009 – semestriel 1. Coll. Monumental. Eds. 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Guides archeologiques de la France. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85822-439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85822-439-5">978-2-85822-439-5</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-gare-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gare_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gare_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gare_21-2">c</a> Schontz A. (2008) La gare de Metz. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-833-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-833-6">978-2-87692-833-6</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-opera-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opera_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-opera_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-opera_22-2">c</a> Masson G. (2002) L'Opéra-théâtre de Metz. Ed. Klopp, Gerard. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-911992-38-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-911992-38-4">978-2-911992-38-4</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_ecology-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-urban_ecology_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-urban_ecology_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-urban_ecology_23-2">c</a> Pelt J.M. (1977) L'Homme re-naturé. Eds. Seuil. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-02-004589-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-02-004589-3">2-02-004589-3</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-ecology-urbanism-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecology-urbanism_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecology-urbanism_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08030163/l-ecologie-et-l-urbanisme-a-metz.fr.html">"INA Archive (1977) Samedi et demi, interview with Jean-Marie Pelt. Prod. Antenne 2"</a> (VIDEO) (in French). Retrieved 16 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281977%29+Samedi+et+demi%2C+interview+with+Jean-Marie+Pelt.+Prod.+Antenne+2.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fart-et-culture%2Farchitecture%2Fvideo%2FI08030163%2Fl-ecologie-et-l-urbanisme-a-metz.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081129132437/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/vam/pdf/0703_agenda21.pdf">"Metz magazine (2007) 322:16-17"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/vam/pdf/0703_agenda21.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 November 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metz+magazine+%282007%29+322%3A16-17.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fvam%2Fpdf%2F0703_agenda21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-garden_map-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-garden_map_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-garden_map_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126160220/http://metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/jardin/pdf/espver.pdf">"Official municipal website, Public garden map of Metz"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/jardin/pdf/espver.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+Public+garden+map+of+Metz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fdecouvrir%2Fjardin%2Fpdf%2Fespver.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Hamel S. and Walter J. (2000) Metz. Ecologie urbaine et convivialité. Ed. Autrement. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86260-343-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86260-343-8">978-2-86260-343-8</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Agenda21-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agenda21_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agenda21_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512101922/http://metz.fr/metz2/actions/agenda21/agenda21.pdf">"Official Metz municipality website, Agenda 21"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/actions/agenda21/agenda21.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipality+website%2C+Agenda+21.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Factions%2Fagenda21%2Fagenda21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328161543/http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/sites/www.univ-lorraine.fr/files/node_files/publics/users/falgas5/2012/03/univ-lorraine_pl_recherche.pdf">"University of Lorraine. Research, innovation, and valorisation"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/sites/www.univ-lorraine.fr/files/node_files/publics/users/falgas5/2012/03/univ-lorraine_pl_recherche.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Lorraine.+Research%2C+innovation%2C+and+valorisation.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-lorraine.fr%2Fsites%2Fwww.univ-lorraine.fr%2Ffiles%2Fnode_files%2Fpublics%2Fusers%2Ffalgas5%2F2012%2F03%2Funiv-lorraine_pl_recherche.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Gendarme R. (1985) Sidérurgie en Lorraine, les coulées du futur. Eds. Presses Universitaires de Nancy. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-86480-224-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-86480-224-4">2-86480-224-4</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_31-2">c</a> Martin P. (2010) Metz, 2000 years of history. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-845-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-845-9">978-2-87692-845-9</a> pp. 8–9 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Toussaint M. (1948) Metz à l'époque gallo-romaine. Eds. Impr. P. Even. pp. 21–22 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Cent_Nouvelles_nouvelles-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Cent_Nouvelles_nouvelles_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (Nouvelle 92). France: Pierre Jannet. 1868 [1462].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cent+Nouvelles+nouvelles+%28Nouvelle+92%29&rft.place=France&rft.pub=Pierre+Jannet&rft.date=1868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Di Rocco A. (2009) Année 451 : la bataille qui sauva l'Occident. Eds. Thélès. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-303-00228-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-303-00228-8">978-2-303-00228-8</a> pp. 156–158 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Gibbon E (1788) History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 4:35 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Brasme P. (2011) Quand Metz reçoit la France. Eds. des Paraiges. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-90185-03-6" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-90185-03-6">979-10-90185-03-6</a> pp. 17–34 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-republic2-37"><a href="#cite_ref-republic2_37-0">^</a> Vigneron B. (2010) Le dernier siècle de la république de Metz. Eds. du Panthéon. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7547-0356-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7547-0356-7">978-2-7547-0356-7</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Roth F. (2011) La Lorraine Annexée – version 2011, nouvelle édition. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-866-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-866-4">978-2-87692-866-4</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-return-39"><a href="#cite_ref-return_39-0">^</a> Berrar J.C. (2009) Metz, retour à la France. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-784-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-784-1">978-2-87692-784-1</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Przybylski S. (2009) La Campagne de Lorraine de 1944, Panther contre Sherman. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-820-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-820-6">978-2-87692-820-6</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Denis P. (2008) La Libération de la Lorraine, 1940–1945. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-764-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-764-3">978-2-87692-764-3</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-politic50-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politic50_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-politic50_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-politic50_42-2">c</a> Roth F. (2012) Histoire politique de la Lorraine, de 1900 à nos jours. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-881-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-881-7">978-2-87692-881-7</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-arthus_bertrand-43"><a href="#cite_ref-arthus_bertrand_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftNn_K-lh_I">"Metz and the Messin pays from above, full movie, by Yann Arthus-Bertrand"</a> (VIDEO). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ftNn_K-lh_I">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Metz+and+the+Messin+pays+from+above%2C+full+movie%2C+by+Yann+Arthus-Bertrand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DftNn_K-lh_I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Leza-Chomard A. and Pautrot C. (2006) Géologie et géographie de la Lorraine. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87692-632-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-87692-632-6">2-87692-632-6</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnr-lorraine.com/">"Official website of the Lorraine Regional Natural Park"</a>. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Lorraine+Regional+Natural+Park.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnr-lorraine.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Beck J.S. (2011) 2000 ans de climat en Alsace et en Lorraine. Eds. Coprur. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84208-209-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84208-209-3">978-2-84208-209-3</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-weather-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weather_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-weather_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weatherspark.com/averages/32088/Metz-Lorraine-France">"Weatherspark webpage dedicated to Metz"</a>. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weatherspark+webpage+dedicated+to+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweatherspark.com%2Faverages%2F32088%2FMetz-Lorraine-France&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-meteo-48"><a href="#cite_ref-meteo_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climat.meteofrance.com/chgt_climat2/climat_france?76100.path=climatstation%252F57039001">"Average Weather for Metz, FR"</a> (in French). MeteoFrance.com. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Weather+for+Metz%2C+FR&rft.pub=MeteoFrance.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimat.meteofrance.com%2Fchgt_climat2%2Fclimat_france%3F76100.path%3Dclimatstation%25252F57039001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_57039001.pdf">"METZ–FRESCATY (57)"</a> (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 4 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=METZ%E2%80%93FRESCATY+%2857%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_57039001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/france/metz-climate">"The climate of Metz"</a>. Weater Atlas. Retrieved 14 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weater+Atlas&rft.atitle=The+climate+of+Metz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Ffrance%2Fmetz-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> The Mutte is the name of the large bell of the <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Saint-Stephen cathedral</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> A law from 1872 forbids the collection by the state of census data based on questions about religious beliefs. The <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a> considered that kind of information to be private and that any citizen of the Republic should be considered as equal of his mates, regardless his provocative and potentially <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/divisive" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/divisive">divisive</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]. In accordance with the concept of <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">laïcité</a>, this principle was reaffirmed by the current <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Fifth Republic</a> in a law from 1978, stating that "it is forbidden to collect or process data of a personal nature related to racial or ethnic origins as well as political, philosophic, or religious opinions." </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108081217/http://www.lorraine.pref.gouv.fr/index.php?headingid=234">"Official Lorraine prefecture webpage on the military restructurings"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lorraine.pref.gouv.fr/index.php?headingid=234">the original</a> on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Lorraine+prefecture+webpage+on+the+military+restructurings.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorraine.pref.gouv.fr%2Findex.php%3Fheadingid%3D234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=22347">Commune data sheet Metz</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> (in French). </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-57463#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE </li> <li id="cite_note-Verlaine-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Verlaine_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verlaine_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verlaine_56-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xskq5v_la-maison-de-verlaine-clip-2012_creation#.UUtxixnmvH0">"Verlaine's native house – House of Verlaine (museum), video clip"</a> (in French). 2 August 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verlaine%27s+native+house+%E2%80%93+House+of+Verlaine+%28museum%29%2C+video+clip.&rft.date=2012-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymotion.com%2Fvideo%2Fxskq5v_la-maison-de-verlaine-clip-2012_creation%23.UUtxixnmvH0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070633&idArticle=LEGIARTI000024040149&dateTexte=20120630">"Official French general code of territorial collectivities, French Republic"</a> (in French). Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+French+general+code+of+territorial+collectivities%2C+French+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichCodeArticle.do%3FcidTexte%3DLEGITEXT000006070633%26idArticle%3DLEGIARTI000024040149%26dateTexte%3D20120630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512092500/http://metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/organigramme/elus_photos.php">"Official Metz municipality website, List of Metz municipal councilors"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/organigramme/elus_photos.php">the original</a> on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipality+website%2C+List+of+Metz+municipal+councilors.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Forganigramme%2Felus_photos.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115034602/http://metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/index.php">"Official Metz municipality website, agenda and procès-verbal of the Municipal Council of Metz"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/index.php">the original</a> on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipality+website%2C+agenda+and+proc%C3%A8s-verbal+of+the+Municipal+Council+of+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Since March 2009, records of municipal council meetings are available as audio files in French. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214195639/http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/organigramme/lesmaires.php">"List of mayors of Metz since 1790"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/organigramme/lesmaires.php">the original</a> on 14 February 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+mayors+of+Metz+since+1790.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Forganigramme%2Flesmaires.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033932/http://metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/maire.php">"Official Metz municipality website, Resume of Dominique Gros"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/maire.php">the original</a> on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipality+website%2C+Resume+of+Dominique+Gros.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fmaire.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715002100/http://www.metzmetropole.fr/site/institution_territoire_carte.php">"Official Metz Metropole website, list of cities webpage"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metzmetropole.fr/site/institution_territoire_carte.php">the original</a> on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+Metropole+website%2C+list+of+cities+webpage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metzmetropole.fr%2Fsite%2Finstitution_territoire_carte.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512105419/http://metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/mairie_quartiers/index.php">"Official website of Metz municipality"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/mairie_quartiers/index.php">the original</a> (PHP) on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+Metz+municipality.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fmairie_quartiers%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Braun S. (2008) Metz, Portrait d'une ville. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-781-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-781-0">978-2-87692-781-0</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-architecture-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-architecture_66-7">h</a> Hubert P. (2004) Metz, ville d'architectures. Ed. Domini, Serge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-912645-70-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-912645-70-0">2-912645-70-0</a>; pp. 164–165 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002201545/http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm110127/doc/110127_cm_point03_annexe01.pdf">"Metz municipal council, January 2011"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm110127/doc/110127_cm_point03_annexe01.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metz+municipal+council%2C+January+2011.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm110127%2Fdoc%2F110127_cm_point03_annexe01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721012555/http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100429/doc/100429_cm_divers03_annexe04.pdf">"Metz municipal council, April 2010"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100429/doc/100429_cm_divers03_annexe04.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metz+municipal+council%2C+April+2010.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm100429%2Fdoc%2F100429_cm_divers03_annexe04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722113112/http://www.vpah.culture.fr/villes/pdf/Vpah_liste_17_11_2011.pdf">"Towns and Lands of Art and History, official list from the French Minister of Culture, November 2011"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vpah.culture.fr/villes/pdf/Vpah_liste_17_11_2011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Towns+and+Lands+of+Art+and+History%2C+official+list+from+the+French+Minister+of+Culture%2C+November+2011.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vpah.culture.fr%2Fvilles%2Fpdf%2FVpah_liste_17_11_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-THA-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THA_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-THA_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512074407/http://metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/label_vah/2011_1611_dossier_lvahopt.pdf">"Application folder of Metz municipality to the French Town of Art and History label"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/label_vah/2011_1611_dossier_lvahopt.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+folder+of+Metz+municipality+to+the+French+Town+of+Art+and+History+label&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fdecouvrir%2Flabel_vah%2F2011_1611_dossier_lvahopt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806163342/http://www.jaumont.fr/en/">"Official website of the Jaumont stone companies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaumont.fr/en/">the original</a> on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Jaumont+stone+companies.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaumont.fr%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inrap.fr/userdata/c_bloc_file/5/5567/3252_fichier_communiqué_128.pdf">"An unknown Roman Quarter found in the heart of Metz, Official report of INRAP"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 4 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+unknown+Roman+Quarter+found+in+the+heart+of+Metz%2C+Official+report+of+INRAP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inrap.fr%2Fuserdata%2Fc_bloc_file%2F5%2F5567%2F3252_fichier_communiqu%C3%A9_128.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-aqueduc-73"><a href="#cite_ref-aqueduc_73-0">^</a> Collectif (2006) L'aqueduc antique de Gorze à Metz. Moselle 119. Coll. Itinéraires du patrimoine. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87692-306-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-87692-306-8">2-87692-306-8</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wM8NgPiGUs">"Animation of the Saint-Stephen Cathedral construction, part 1"</a> (VIDEO). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 2 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/-wM8NgPiGUs">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Animation+of+the+Saint-Stephen+Cathedral+construction%2C+part+1&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-wM8NgPiGUs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhgsX4dk_L4">"Animation of the Saint-Stephen Cathedral construction, part 2"</a> (VIDEO). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 25 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/KhgsX4dk_L4">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Animation+of+the+Saint-Stephen+Cathedral+construction%2C+part+2&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKhgsX4dk_L4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMOIvAWDY44">"Animation of the Saint-Stephen Cathedral construction, part 3"</a> (VIDEO). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 17 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/sMOIvAWDY44">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Animation+of+the+Saint-Stephen+Cathedral+construction%2C+part+3&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsMOIvAWDY44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1evIHE503Jk">"Animation of the Saint-Stephen Cathedral construction, part 4"</a> (VIDEO). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 24 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/1evIHE503Jk">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Animation+of+the+Saint-Stephen+Cathedral+construction%2C+part+4&rft.date=2012-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1evIHE503Jk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-town_square-78"><a href="#cite_ref-town_square_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512072219/http://metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/mairie.php">"Town square webcam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/mairie.php">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Town+square+webcam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fdecouvrir%2Fwebcam%2Fmairie.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Wagner P.E. and Jollin J.L. (1987) 15 siècles d'architecture et d'urbanisme autour de la cathédrale de Metz. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-004-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-004-0">978-2-87692-004-0</a> pp. 123–276 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Collectif (2006) L'hôtel de l'Intendance, Préfecture de la Moselle et de la région Lorraine, Metz, N°310. Coll. Itinéraires du patrimoines. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-913411-22-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-913411-22-3">2-913411-22-3</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-imperial-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imperial_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imperial_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imperial_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imperial_81-3">d</a> Pignon-Feller C. (2005) Metz 1848–1918. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-584-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-584-7">978-2-87692-584-7</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-expert-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-expert_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-expert_82-1">b</a> Expert R.H. Roger-Henri Expert, 1882–1955. Volume 3 de Institut français d'architecture. Eds. du Moniteur. (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Collectif (1997) Georges-Henri Pingusson, architecte de l'œuvre lorraine N°147. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87692-309-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-87692-309-2">2-87692-309-2</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-pompidou-84"><a href="#cite_ref-pompidou_84-0">^</a> Jodidio P. (2010) Shigeru Ban, complete works 1985–2010. Ed. Jodidio, Philip. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-1792-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-1792-8">978-3-8365-1792-8</a> pp. 426–447 </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510220020/http://www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAAwards/2012/EUAwards/CentrePompidou-Metz/CentrePompidouMetz.aspx">"RIBA Awards, 2012 European winners, Centre Pompidou-Metz webpage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAAwards/2012/EUAwards/CentrePompidou-Metz/CentrePompidouMetz.aspx">the original</a> on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RIBA+Awards%2C+2012+European+winners%2C+Centre+Pompidou-Metz+webpage.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecture.com%2FAwards%2FRIBAAwards%2F2012%2FEUAwards%2FCentrePompidou-Metz%2FCentrePompidouMetz.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117200624/http://www.tribu.com/en/news/centre-pompidou-metz-innovative-architecture">"Centre Pompidou Metz, innovative architecture. Tribù, the art of leisure"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribu.com/en/news/centre-pompidou-metz-innovative-architecture">the original</a> on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Centre+Pompidou+Metz%2C+innovative+architecture.+Trib%C3%B9%2C+the+art+of+leisure.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribu.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fcentre-pompidou-metz-innovative-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-amphi-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amphi_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-amphi_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020220540/http://www.metzmetropole.fr/site/medias/_pdfs/ZAC/fiche_QDA_07.pdf">"Description of the project of the Amphitheatre District by Metz Metropole"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metzmetropole.fr/site/medias/_pdfs/ZAC/fiche_QDA_07.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Description+of+the+project+of+the+Amphitheatre+District+by+Metz+Metropole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metzmetropole.fr%2Fsite%2Fmedias%2F_pdfs%2FZAC%2Ffiche_QDA_07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120923222627/http://metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/zac_amphi.php">"Official Metz municipality website, Amphitheatre District webcam"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/zac_amphi.php">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipality+website%2C+Amphitheatre+District+webcam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fdecouvrir%2Fwebcam%2Fzac_amphi.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bam-metz.fr/">"Official Website of the BAM musical venue"</a> (in French). Retrieved 25 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Website+of+the+BAM+musical+venue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbam-metz.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Berrar J.C. (2011) Metz défigurée dans les années 60-70. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-909-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-909-8">978-2-87692-909-8</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090801062112/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08010372/quartiers-anciens-de-metz.fr.html">"INA Archive (1964) Quartiers anciens de Metz, chefs d'oeuvre en péril, ORTF"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08010372/quartiers-anciens-de-metz.fr.html">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 1 August 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281964%29+Quartiers+anciens+de+Metz%2C+chefs+d%27oeuvre+en+p%C3%A9ril%2C+ORTF.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fart-et-culture%2Farchitecture%2Fvideo%2FI08010372%2Fquartiers-anciens-de-metz.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/beaux-arts/video/CPF86620930/au-secours-des-quartiers-anciens-deuxieme-partie.fr.html">"INA Archive (1964) Au secours des quartiers anciens, ORTF"</a> (VIDEO) (in French). Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281964%29+Au+secours+des+quartiers+anciens%2C+ORTF.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fart-et-culture%2Fbeaux-arts%2Fvideo%2FCPF86620930%2Fau-secours-des-quartiers-anciens-deuxieme-partie.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029175121/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08030164/restauration-urbaine-a-metz.fr.html">"INA Archive (1977) Restauration urbaine à Metz, Antenne 2"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08030164/restauration-urbaine-a-metz.fr.html">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281977%29+Restauration+urbaine+%C3%A0+Metz%2C+Antenne+2.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fart-et-culture%2Farchitecture%2Fvideo%2FI08030164%2Frestauration-urbaine-a-metz.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114231855/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/SXC02003471/urbanisme-a-metz-renovation-des-quartiers-anciens.fr.html">"INA Archive (1980) Urbanisme à Metz : rénovation des quartiers anciens, France 3 Régions"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/SXC02003471/urbanisme-a-metz-renovation-des-quartiers-anciens.fr.html">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281980%29+Urbanisme+%C3%A0+Metz+%3A+r%C3%A9novation+des+quartiers+anciens%2C+France+3+R%C3%A9gions.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fart-et-culture%2Farchitecture%2Fvideo%2FSXC02003471%2Furbanisme-a-metz-renovation-des-quartiers-anciens.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329043632/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point06.pdf">"Official municipal website, municipal council February 2010, Carbon Plan"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point06.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+municipal+council+February+2010%2C+Carbon+Plan.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm100225%2Fdoc%2F100225_cm_point06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329015732/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm101028/doc/101028_cm_point04.pdf">"Official municipal website, municipal council October 2010, Sustainable Energy Plan"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm101028/doc/101028_cm_point04.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+municipal+council+October+2010%2C+Sustainable+Energy+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm101028%2Fdoc%2F101028_cm_point04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329044339/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100701/doc/100701_cm_point06_annexe01.pdf">"Official municipal website, municipal council July 2010, Bicycle Plan"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100701/doc/100701_cm_point06_annexe01.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+municipal+council+July+2010%2C+Bicycle+Plan.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm100701%2Fdoc%2F100701_cm_point06_annexe01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329043237/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point13.pdf">"Official municipal website, municipal council February 2010, Public garden policy"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point13.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+municipal+council+February+2010%2C+Public+garden+policy.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm100225%2Fdoc%2F100225_cm_point13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919233304/http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/index.php">"Official website of the power plant of Metz"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/index.php">the original</a> on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+power+plant+of+Metz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uem-metz.fr%2Fsite%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213141557/http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/point.php?id_chapitre=792">"Official municipal website, municipal council April 2011, Debate of the cogeneration boiler investment"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/point.php?id_chapitre=792">the original</a> (Audio) on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+municipal+council+April+2011%2C+Debate+of+the+cogeneration+boiler+investment.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fpoint.php%3Fid_chapitre%3D792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511203555/http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/medias/_documents/telechargements/decouvrir_uem/dossier_presse.pdf">"Official Pressbook of the power plant of Metz"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/medias/_documents/telechargements/decouvrir_uem/dossier_presse.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Pressbook+of+the+power+plant+of+Metz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uem-metz.fr%2Fsite%2Fmedias%2F_documents%2Ftelechargements%2Fdecouvrir_uem%2Fdossier_presse.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95th-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-95th_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-95th_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410024731/http://the95thmovie.com/2009/08/tour-of-metz-part-1/">"Tour of Metz:Part 1, trailer from the Iron Men of Metz movie"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://the95thmovie.com/2009/08/tour-of-metz-part-1/">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tour+of+Metz%3APart+1%2C+trailer+from+the+Iron+Men+of+Metz+movie.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthe95thmovie.com%2F2009%2F08%2Ftour-of-metz-part-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cormontaigne-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cormontaigne_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cormontaigne_103-1">b</a> Halleck W., Halleck H.W., and Halleck H. (2009) Elements of military art and science. Ed. Applewood Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-2206-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-2206-4">978-1-4290-2206-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527181544/http://www.citadelle-metz.com/uk/">"La Citadelle Hotel official website, former edifice of the military citadel of Metz"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citadelle-metz.com/uk/">the original</a> on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Citadelle+Hotel+official+website%2C+former+edifice+of+the+military+citadel+of+Metz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citadelle-metz.com%2Fuk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Le Hallé G. (2001) Le système Séré de Rivières ou le témoignage des pierres. Eds. Ysec. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84673-008-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-84673-008-3">2-84673-008-3</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Allcorn W. (2003) The Maginot Line 1928–45. Ed. Osprey Publishing, Oxford. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-646-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-646-1">1-84176-646-1</a> pp. 57–58 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.moselle.free.fr/Site/Temp/fortifications.htm">"Saint-Quentin plateau fortifications dossier"</a> (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint-Quentin+plateau+fortifications+dossier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.moselle.free.fr%2FSite%2FTemp%2Ffortifications.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.moselle.free.fr/Site/Temp/fortifications-plan.htm">"Saint-Quentin fortification map"</a>. Retrieved 1 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint-Quentin+fortification+map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.moselle.free.fr%2FSite%2FTemp%2Ffortifications-plan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm110707/doc/110707_pdcm01_annexe01.pdf">"Intercommunal cooperation scheme of Metz Metropole"</a> (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 8 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intercommunal+cooperation+scheme+of+Metz+Metropole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm110707%2Fdoc%2F110707_pdcm01_annexe01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526015454/http://www.granderegion.net/fr/publications/cesgr/CESGR_actes_colloque_conference_transports.pdf">"2nd seminar on the Greater Region transports"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.granderegion.net/fr/publications/cesgr/CESGR_actes_colloque_conference_transports.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2nd+seminar+on+the+Greater+Region+transports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.granderegion.net%2Ffr%2Fpublications%2Fcesgr%2FCESGR_actes_colloque_conference_transports.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201143005/http://www.sn-nord-est.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=1743">"Official data sheet of Metz harbor, VNF"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sn-nord-est.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=1743">the original</a> on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+data+sheet+of+Metz+harbor%2C+VNF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sn-nord-est.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2Farticle.php3%3Fid_article%3D1743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522051712/http://www.ilovemetz.com/index.php">"Official Metz retailer federation website"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilovemetz.com/index.php">the original</a> on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+retailer+federation+website.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilovemetz.com%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127074827/http://metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm120705/doc/120705_pdcm11_annexe01.pdf">"Official Metz municipality website, municipal council July 2012, local tourism development scheme"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm120705/doc/120705_pdcm11_annexe01.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipality+website%2C+municipal+council+July+2012%2C+local+tourism+development+scheme.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm120705%2Fdoc%2F120705_pdcm11_annexe01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331030812/http://tourisme.metz.fr/en/index.php">"Official website of the Metz tourism office"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourisme.metz.fr/en/index.php">the original</a> (PHP) on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Metz+tourism+office.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourisme.metz.fr%2Fen%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichfield2010" class="citation news cs1">Lichfield, John (11 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/pompidou-centre-puts-metz-on-the-map-1970566.html">"Pompidou centre puts Metz on the map, The Independent"</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/pompidou-centre-puts-metz-on-the-map-1970566.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pompidou+centre+puts+Metz+on+the+map%2C+The+Independent.&rft.date=2010-05-11&rft.aulast=Lichfield&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpompidou-centre-puts-metz-on-the-map-1970566.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033739/http://www.veilleinfotourisme.fr/frequentation-en-hausse-dans-les-musees-et-monuments-nationaux-en-2011-82338.kjsp?RH=1223377672109">"Official website of France tourism survey, 2011 Museum frequentation"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veilleinfotourisme.fr/frequentation-en-hausse-dans-les-musees-et-monuments-nationaux-en-2011-82338.kjsp?RH=1223377672109">the original</a> on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+France+tourism+survey%2C+2011+Museum+frequentation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veilleinfotourisme.fr%2Ffrequentation-en-hausse-dans-les-musees-et-monuments-nationaux-en-2011-82338.kjsp%3FRH%3D1223377672109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729000505/http://www.moselle-tourisme.com/espace-cdt-moselle/PDF/chiffres-cles-2011.pdf">"Official website of Moselle tourism office, 2011 key numbers. p 12"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moselle-tourisme.com/espace-cdt-moselle/PDF/chiffres-cles-2011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+Moselle+tourism+office%2C+2011+key+numbers.+p+12.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moselle-tourisme.com%2Fespace-cdt-moselle%2FPDF%2Fchiffres-cles-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128070419/http://www.centrepompidou-metz.fr/en/welcome">"Official website of the Centre Pompidou-Metz"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centrepompidou-metz.fr/en/welcome">the original</a> on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Centre+Pompidou-Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centrepompidou-metz.fr%2Fen%2Fwelcome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cathedrale-metz.fr/">"Official website of the Saint-Stephen Cathedral"</a> (in French). Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Saint-Stephen+Cathedral.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cathedrale-metz.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114234017/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/SXF01013690/tresors-de-la-cathedrale-de-metz.fr.html">"INA Archive (1969) Trésor de la cathédrale de Metz, Lorraine soir, ORTF"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/SXF01013690/tresors-de-la-cathedrale-de-metz.fr.html">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281969%29+Tr%C3%A9sor+de+la+cath%C3%A9drale+de+Metz%2C+Lorraine+soir%2C+ORTF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fart-et-culture%2Farchitecture%2Fvideo%2FSXF01013690%2Ftresors-de-la-cathedrale-de-metz.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213103640/http://www.ina.fr/economie-et-societe/religion/video/SXC02003845/patrimoine-tresor-de-la-cathedrale-de-metz.fr.html">"INA Archive (1980) Patrimoine: trésor de la cathédrale de Metz, Lorraine soir, France 3 régions"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/economie-et-societe/religion/video/SXC02003845/patrimoine-tresor-de-la-cathedrale-de-metz.fr.html">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INA+Archive+%281980%29+Patrimoine%3A+tr%C3%A9sor+de+la+cath%C3%A9drale+de+Metz%2C+Lorraine+soir%2C+France+3+r%C3%A9gions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Feconomie-et-societe%2Freligion%2Fvideo%2FSXC02003845%2Fpatrimoine-tresor-de-la-cathedrale-de-metz.fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Jolin J.L. (2001) La lanterne du Bon Dieu. Eds. Serpnoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87692-495-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-87692-495-1">2-87692-495-1</a>. (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcmetzmoselle.eklablog.com/metz-les-vitraux-de-jean-cocteau-a-saint-maximin-a105918768">"Saint-Maximin church, Cocteau's artworks"</a> (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint-Maximin+church%2C+Cocteau%27s+artworks.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarcmetzmoselle.eklablog.com%2Fmetz-les-vitraux-de-jean-cocteau-a-saint-maximin-a105918768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fraclorraine.org/">"Official website of the Lorraine Contemporary Arts Gallery"</a> (in French). Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Lorraine+Contemporary+Arts+Gallery.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fraclorraine.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-museums-125"><a href="#cite_ref-museums_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616152416/http://musee.metzmetropole.fr/site/index.php">"Official website of the Golden Courtyard Museum"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musee.metzmetropole.fr/site/index.php">the original</a> on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Golden+Courtyard+Museum.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusee.metzmetropole.fr%2Fsite%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155934/https://www.tourisme-lorraine.fr/en/discover/remembrance/1870-1871-and-the-annexation/sites-and-monuments/838142781-musee-de-la-guerre-de-1870-et-de-lannexion-gravelotte">"Museum of the Franco-Prussion War and the Annexion"</a>. LaLorraine, Sites and monuments. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourisme-lorraine.fr/en/discover/remembrance/1870-1871-and-the-annexation/sites-and-monuments/838142781-musee-de-la-guerre-de-1870-et-de-lannexion-gravelotte">the original</a> on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LaLorraine%2C+Sites+and+monuments&rft.atitle=Museum+of+the+Franco-Prussion+War+and+the+Annexion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourisme-lorraine.fr%2Fen%2Fdiscover%2Fremembrance%2F1870-1871-and-the-annexation%2Fsites-and-monuments%2F838142781-musee-de-la-guerre-de-1870-et-de-lannexion-gravelotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/robert-schuman-european-centre">"Scy-Chazelles: the house of Europe, the Robert Schuman Foundation"</a>. Retrieved 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scy-Chazelles%3A+the+house+of+Europe%2C+the+Robert+Schuman+Foundation.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robert-schuman.eu%2Fen%2Frobert-schuman-european-centre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amis-verlaine.net/">"The Verlaine's Friends, International Association of French Poetry"</a> (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Verlaine%27s+Friends%2C+International+Association+of+French+Poetry.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amis-verlaine.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724012859/http://valerie.dexemple.perso.neuf.fr/fondation/Accueil.html">"Official website of the Solange Bertrand Foundation, gourmet webpage"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://valerie.dexemple.perso.neuf.fr/fondation/Accueil.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Solange+Bertrand+Foundation%2C+gourmet+webpage.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvalerie.dexemple.perso.neuf.fr%2Ffondation%2FAccueil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504023423/http://metz.fr/metz2/sortir/archive/index.php">"Official Metz municipal website, Municipal Archives webpage"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/sortir/archive/index.php">the original</a> on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+municipal+website%2C+Municipal+Archives+webpage.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fsortir%2Farchive%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615080657/http://opera.metzmetropole.fr/site/index.php">"Official website of the Opera House of Metz Metropole"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opera.metzmetropole.fr/site/index.php">the original</a> on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Opera+House+of+Metz+Metropole.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopera.metzmetropole.fr%2Fsite%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arsenal-metz.fr/">"Official website of the Arsenal of Metz"</a> (in French). Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Arsenal+of+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arsenal-metz.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Classica (2010) Les hauts lieux de la musique. September, Issue 125 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424131630/http://www.lestrinitaires.com/">"Official website of the Trinitaires"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lestrinitaires.com/">the original</a> on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Trinitaires.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lestrinitaires.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bam-metz.fr/">"Official website of the BAM"</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+BAM.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bam-metz.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tcrm-blida.com/">"Official website of the Tcrm-Blida creative center"</a> (in French). 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Tcrm-Blida+creative+center.&rft.date=2014-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftcrm-blida.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Grier J. (2003) Ademar de Chabannes, Carolingian Musical Practices, and Nota Romana. Journal of the American Musicological Society. 56 (1):43–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621014656/http://bm.mairie-metz.fr/clientbookline/home.asp">"Official Metz library website, medieval book webpage"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bm.mairie-metz.fr/clientbookline/home.asp">the original</a> on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+library+website%2C+medieval+book+webpage.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbm.mairie-metz.fr%2Fclientbookline%2Fhome.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114103409/http://bm.mairie-metz.fr/sitebm/commun/patrimoine/galerie%20Vy/index-heures.html">"Official Metz library website, Book of Hours of John of Vy"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bm.mairie-metz.fr/sitebm/commun/patrimoine/galerie%20Vy/index-heures.html">the original</a> on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+library+website%2C+Book+of+Hours+of+John+of+Vy.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbm.mairie-metz.fr%2Fsitebm%2Fcommun%2Fpatrimoine%2Fgalerie%2520Vy%2Findex-heures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecolemetz-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecolemetz_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecolemetz_140-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecolemetz_140-2">c</a> Livre Groupe (2010) École de Metz: Christophe Fratin, Charles-Franois Champigneulle, Laurent-Charles Marechal, Louis-Theodore Devilly, Auguste Migette. Eds. Books LLC. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-159-58648-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-159-58648-5">978-1-159-58648-5</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312144304/https://www.festival-passages.org/">"Accueil – Festival Passages Metz"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://festival-passages.org">the original</a> on 12 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accueil+%E2%80%93+Festival+Passages+Metz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffestival-passages.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-graoully-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-graoully_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-graoully_142-1">b</a> Bellard A. (1966) Le Graoully de Metz à la lumière de la paléontologie. Ed. 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Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87692-534-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-87692-534-6">2-87692-534-6</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-cuisine2-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cuisine2_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuisine2_144-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuisine2_144-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213115249/http://tourisme.metz.fr/en/mes_attentes/gastronomie.php">"Official Metz tourism website, gourmet webpage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourisme.metz.fr/en/mes_attentes/gastronomie.php">the original</a> on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Metz+tourism+website%2C+gourmet+webpage.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourisme.metz.fr%2Fen%2Fmes_attentes%2Fgastronomie.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929130112/http://siteindex.francetoday.com/covered-market.html">"France Today magazine, Covered Market webpage"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteindex.francetoday.com/covered-market.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+Today+magazine%2C+Covered+Market+webpage.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteindex.francetoday.com%2Fcovered-market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130217123447/http://tourisme.metz.fr/fr/metz/fun/sortie-907121-0-0.php%23.T-5cBXCkQVk">"Official website of the Metz tourism office, events calendar (automated updates)"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourisme.metz.fr/fr/metz/fun/sortie-907121-0-0.php#.T-5cBXCkQVk">the original</a> on 17 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Metz+tourism+office%2C+events+calendar+%28automated+updates%29.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourisme.metz.fr%2Ffr%2Fmetz%2Ffun%2Fsortie-907121-0-0.php%23.T-5cBXCkQVk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630113513/http://www.fetesdelamirabelle.fr/">"Official website of the Mirabelle Festival in Metz"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fetesdelamirabelle.fr/">the original</a> on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Mirabelle+Festival+in+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffetesdelamirabelle.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623093017/http://www.noel-a-metz.com/">"Official website of the Christmas Market in Metz"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noel-a-metz.com/">the original</a> on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Christmas+Market+in+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noel-a-metz.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fcmetz-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fcmetz_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fcmetz_149-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcmetz.com/historique/palmares">"Official website of the Football Club de Metz, Honours"</a> (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Football+Club+de+Metz%2C+Honours.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcmetz.com%2Fhistorique%2Fpalmares&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530035802/http://www.metz-handball.com/historique.php">"Official website of Metz Handball, Honours"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz-handball.com/historique.php">the original</a> on 30 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+Metz+Handball%2C+Honours.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz-handball.com%2Fhistorique.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Tournaments/Metz.aspx">"ATP official webpage of the Moselle Open"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATP+official+webpage+of+the+Moselle+Open.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atpworldtour.com%2FTennis%2FTournaments%2FMetz.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcmetz.com/">"Official website of the FC Metz"</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+FC+Metz.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcmetz.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz-handball.com/">"Official website of the Metz Handball club"</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Metz+Handball+club.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz-handball.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120703015355/http://hockey-club-metz.fr/">"Official website of the Metz Hockey Club"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hockey-club-metz.fr/">the original</a> on 3 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Metz+Hockey+Club.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhockey-club-metz.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614054322/http://www.metztt.fr/metz-tennis-de-table/">"Official website of the Metz TT club"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metztt.fr/metz-tennis-de-table/">the original</a> on 14 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Metz+TT+club.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metztt.fr%2Fmetz-tennis-de-table%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moselle-open.com/">"Official website of the Moselle Open tournament"</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Moselle+Open+tournament.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moselle-open.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731213408/http://www.allianzgolftour.fr/allianz-open-de-la-mirabelle-dor/presentation">"Allianz Golf Tour official webpage about the Golden Mirabelle Open"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allianzgolftour.fr/allianz-open-de-la-mirabelle-dor/presentation">the original</a> on 31 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allianz+Golf+Tour+official+webpage+about+the+Golden+Mirabelle+Open.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allianzgolftour.fr%2Fallianz-open-de-la-mirabelle-dor%2Fpresentation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525060659/http://www.marathon-metz.fr/en">"Official website of the Mirabelle Metz Marathon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marathon-metz.fr/en">the original</a> on 25 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Mirabelle+Metz+Marathon.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marathon-metz.fr%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/">"Official website of the University of Lorraine"</a> (in French). Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+University+of+Lorraine.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-lorraine.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625115248/http://www.shanghairanking.com/fr/ARWU2015.html">"2016 Academic Ranking of World Universities"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/fr/ARWU2015.html">the original</a> (HTL) on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Ffr%2FARWU2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328161516/http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/sites/www.univ-lorraine.fr/files/node_files/publics/users/falgas5/2012/03/univ-lorraine_chiffres_cles.pdf">"University of Lorraine, key numbers"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/sites/www.univ-lorraine.fr/files/node_files/publics/users/falgas5/2012/03/univ-lorraine_chiffres_cles.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Lorraine%2C+key+numbers.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-lorraine.fr%2Fsites%2Fwww.univ-lorraine.fr%2Ffiles%2Fnode_files%2Fpublics%2Fusers%2Ffalgas5%2F2012%2F03%2Funiv-lorraine_chiffres_cles.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lorraine.gatech.edu/about">"About | GT Lorraine | Georgia Institute of Technology | Atlanta, GA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+%26%23124%3B+GT+Lorraine+%26%23124%3B+Georgia+Institute+of+Technology+%26%23124%3B+Atlanta%2C+GA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Florraine.gatech.edu%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tout-metz.com/quartiers/technopole-metz">"Technopôle de Metz"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technop%C3%B4le+de+Metz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftout-metz.com%2Fquartiers%2Ftechnopole-metz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626220602/http://mettis.metzmetropole.fr/">"Official website of Mettis"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mettis.metzmetropole.fr/">the original</a> on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+Mettis.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmettis.metzmetropole.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605074801/http://www.vanhool.be/ENG/highlights/vanhoolpresentst.html">"Van Hool presents the ExquiCity Design Mettis"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanhool.be/ENG/highlights/vanhoolpresentst.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Van+Hool+presents+the+ExquiCity+Design+Mettis.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanhool.be%2FENG%2Fhighlights%2Fvanhoolpresentst.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604033514/http://metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/moyenpont.php">"Protestant church webcam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/decouvrir/webcam/moyenpont.php">the original</a> (VIDEO) on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protestant+church+webcam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fdecouvrir%2Fwebcam%2Fmoyenpont.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Kuhn-Mutter M.A. (2011) Oratorio pour une cathédrale. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-887-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-887-9">978-2-87692-887-9</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Kuhn-Mutter M.A. (2012) Vitraux de Jean Cocteau à Metz, féérie de lumière et de couleurs. Eds. Serpenoise. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-906-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87692-906-7">978-2-87692-906-7</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/68qkJXdr7?url=http://www.univ-metz.fr/recherche/labos/2l2s/activites/JF-Blondel-Colloque-mars-2010.pdf">"City embellishment by Jacques-François Blondel, Seminar series, March 2010"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-metz.fr/recherche/labos/2l2s/activites/JF-Blondel-Colloque-mars-2010.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+embellishment+by+Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois+Blondel%2C+Seminar+series%2C+March+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-metz.fr%2Frecherche%2Flabos%2F2l2s%2Factivites%2FJF-Blondel-Colloque-mars-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307053633/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100429/doc/100429_cm_point15.pdf">"Official municipal website, municipal council April 2010, Commemorative plate at Queuleu fort"</a> (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100429/doc/100429_cm_point15.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+municipal+website%2C+municipal+council+April+2010%2C+Commemorative+plate+at+Queuleu+fort.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fcm100429%2Fdoc%2F100429_cm_point15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710034159/http://www.quattropole.org/en/home">"Official website of the Quattropole city union"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quattropole.org/en/home">the original</a> on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Quattropole+city+union.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quattropole.org%2Fen%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metz_twinning-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metz_twinning_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metz_twinning_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116052559/http://metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/point.php?id_chapitre=1163">"Metz Municipal Council"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/point.php?id_chapitre=1163">the original</a> on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metz+Municipal+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metz.fr%2Fmetz2%2Fmunicipalite%2Fcyber_mairie%2Fconseil%2Fpoint.php%3Fid_chapitre%3D1163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 11 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225094458/http://www.engagespourmetz.fr/actualites/reception-du-groupe-classical-fusion-de-karmiel-887">"Réception du groupe Classical Fusion de Karmiel"</a>. engagespourmetz.fr (in French). Engagés es pour Metz. 21 August 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engagespourmetz.fr/actualites/reception-du-groupe-classical-fusion-de-karmiel-887">the original</a> on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=engagespourmetz.fr&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9ception+du+groupe+Classical+Fusion+de+Karmiel&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engagespourmetz.fr%2Factualites%2Freception-du-groupe-classical-fusion-de-karmiel-887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Metz" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Metz">Metz</a>". <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Metz&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetz" class="Z3988"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Metz#Q22690" class="extiw" title="voy:Metz">Metz</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metz" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Metz">Metz</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Moselle_(department)&#124;link=Moselle_(department)_Communes_of_the_Moselle_department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moselle_communes" title="Template:Moselle communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moselle_communes" title="Template talk:Moselle communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moselle_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moselle communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Moselle_(department)&#124;link=Moselle_(department)_Communes_of_the_Moselle_department" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)"><img alt="Moselle (department)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Moselle.svg/23px-Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Moselle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Moselle.svg/35px-Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Moselle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Moselle.svg/45px-Drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Moselle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Moselle_department" title="Communes of the Moselle department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboncourt,_Moselle" title="Aboncourt, Moselle">Aboncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboncourt-sur-Seille" title="Aboncourt-sur-Seille">Aboncourt-sur-Seille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abreschviller" title="Abreschviller">Abreschviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achain" title="Achain">Achain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achen,_Moselle" title="Achen, Moselle">Achen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaincourt" title="Adaincourt">Adaincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelange" title="Adelange">Adelange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoncourt" title="Ajoncourt">Ajoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaincourt-la-C%C3%B4te" title="Alaincourt-la-Côte">Alaincourt-la-Côte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albestroff" title="Albestroff">Albestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algrange" title="Algrange">Algrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsting" title="Alsting">Alsting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altrippe" title="Altrippe">Altrippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altviller" title="Altviller">Altviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzing" title="Alzing">Alzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanvillers" title="Amanvillers">Amanvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amel%C3%A9court" title="Amelécourt">Amelécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amn%C3%A9ville" title="Amnéville">Amnéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancerville,_Moselle" title="Ancerville, Moselle">Ancerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancy-Dornot" title="Ancy-Dornot">Ancy-Dornot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angevillers" title="Angevillers">Angevillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilly,_Moselle" title="Antilly, Moselle">Antilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzeling" title="Anzeling">Anzeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apach" title="Apach">Apach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argancy" title="Argancy">Argancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraincourt" title="Arraincourt">Arraincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriance" title="Arriance">Arriance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arry,_Moselle" title="Arry, Moselle">Arry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars-Laquenexy" title="Ars-Laquenexy">Ars-Laquenexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars-sur-Moselle" title="Ars-sur-Moselle">Ars-sur-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzviller" title="Arzviller">Arzviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspach,_Moselle" title="Aspach, Moselle">Aspach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assenoncourt" title="Assenoncourt">Assenoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilloncourt" title="Attilloncourt">Attilloncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aube,_Moselle" title="Aube, Moselle">Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audun-le-Tiche" title="Audun-le-Tiche">Audun-le-Tiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augny" title="Augny">Augny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnois-sur-Seille" title="Aulnois-sur-Seille">Aulnois-sur-Seille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aumetz" title="Aumetz">Aumetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avricourt,_Moselle" title="Avricourt, Moselle">Avricourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay-sur-Moselle" title="Ay-sur-Moselle">Ay-sur-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azoudange" title="Azoudange">Azoudange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacourt" title="Bacourt">Bacourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baerenthal" title="Baerenthal">Baerenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambiderstroff" title="Bambiderstroff">Bambiderstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannay,_Moselle" title="Bannay, Moselle">Bannay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Ban-Saint-Martin" title="Le Ban-Saint-Martin">Le Ban-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchain" title="Barchain">Barchain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baronville" title="Baronville">Baronville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barst" title="Barst">Barst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Ham" title="Basse-Ham">Basse-Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Rentgen" title="Basse-Rentgen">Basse-Rentgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassing" title="Bassing">Bassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudrecourt,_Moselle" title="Baudrecourt, Moselle">Baudrecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazoncourt" title="Bazoncourt">Bazoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9bing" title="Bébing">Bébing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9chy" title="Béchy">Béchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behren-l%C3%A8s-Forbach" title="Behren-lès-Forbach">Behren-lès-Forbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellange,_Moselle" title="Bellange, Moselle">Bellange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belles-For%C3%AAts" title="Belles-Forêts">Belles-Forêts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nestroff" title="Bénestroff">Bénestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ning-l%C3%A8s-Saint-Avold" title="Béning-lès-Saint-Avold">Béning-lès-Saint-Avold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berg-sur-Moselle" title="Berg-sur-Moselle">Berg-sur-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9rig-Vintrange" title="Bérig-Vintrange">Bérig-Vintrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berling,_Moselle" title="Berling, Moselle">Berling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermering" title="Bermering">Bermering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthelming" title="Berthelming">Berthelming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrange,_Moselle" title="Bertrange, Moselle">Bertrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berviller-en-Moselle" title="Berviller-en-Moselle">Berviller-en-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettange" title="Bettange">Bettange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettborn,_Moselle" title="Bettborn, Moselle">Bettborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettelainville" title="Bettelainville">Bettelainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betting,_Moselle" title="Betting, Moselle">Betting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettviller" title="Bettviller">Bettviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beux" title="Beux">Beux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyren-l%C3%A8s-Sierck" title="Beyren-lès-Sierck">Beyren-lès-Sierck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezange-la-Petite" title="Bezange-la-Petite">Bezange-la-Petite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibiche" title="Bibiche">Bibiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bickenholtz" title="Bickenholtz">Bickenholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidestroff" title="Bidestroff">Bidestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biding" title="Biding">Biding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bining" title="Bining">Bining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioncourt" title="Bioncourt">Bioncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bionville-sur-Nied" title="Bionville-sur-Nied">Bionville-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisten-en-Lorraine" title="Bisten-en-Lorraine">Bisten-en-Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistroff" title="Bistroff">Bistroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitche" title="Bitche">Bitche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche-%C3%89glise" title="Blanche-Église">Blanche-Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bliesbruck" title="Bliesbruck">Bliesbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blies-%C3%89bersing" title="Blies-Ébersing">Blies-Ébersing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blies-Guersviller" title="Blies-Guersviller">Blies-Guersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boucheporn" title="Boucheporn">Boucheporn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulange" title="Boulange">Boulange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulay-Moselle" title="Boulay-Moselle">Boulay-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourdonnay" title="Bourdonnay">Bourdonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgaltroff" title="Bourgaltroff">Bourgaltroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourscheid,_Moselle" title="Bourscheid, Moselle">Bourscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousbach" title="Bousbach">Bousbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousse,_Moselle" title="Bousse, Moselle">Bousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousseviller" title="Bousseviller">Bousseviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boust" title="Boust">Boust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boustroff" title="Boustroff">Boustroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzonville" title="Bouzonville">Bouzonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9hain" title="Bréhain">Bréhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breidenbach,_Moselle" title="Breidenbach, Moselle">Breidenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breistroff-la-Grande" title="Breistroff-la-Grande">Breistroff-la-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brettnach" title="Brettnach">Brettnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronvaux" title="Bronvaux">Bronvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouck" title="Brouck">Brouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouderdorff" title="Brouderdorff">Brouderdorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouviller" title="Brouviller">Brouviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brulange" title="Brulange">Brulange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchy,_Moselle" title="Buchy, Moselle">Buchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buding" title="Buding">Buding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budling" title="Budling">Budling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl-Lorraine" title="Buhl-Lorraine">Buhl-Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlioncourt" title="Burlioncourt">Burlioncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burtoncourt" title="Burtoncourt">Burtoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappel,_Moselle" title="Cappel, Moselle">Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carling,_Moselle" title="Carling, Moselle">Carling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattenom" title="Cattenom">Cattenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chailly-l%C3%A8s-Ennery" title="Chailly-lès-Ennery">Chailly-lès-Ennery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambrey" title="Chambrey">Chambrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanville" title="Chanville">Chanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-sous-Bois" title="Charleville-sous-Bois">Charleville-sous-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charly-Oradour" title="Charly-Oradour">Charly-Oradour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Br%C3%A9hain" title="Château-Bréhain">Château-Bréhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Rouge" title="Château-Rouge">Château-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Salins" title="Château-Salins">Château-Salins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Vou%C3%A9" title="Château-Voué">Château-Voué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tel-Saint-Germain" title="Châtel-Saint-Germain">Châtel-Saint-Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mery-les-Deux" title="Chémery-les-Deux">Chémery-les-Deux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheminot" title="Cheminot">Cheminot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenois" title="Chenois">Chenois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9risey" title="Chérisey">Chérisey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesny" title="Chesny">Chesny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicourt" title="Chicourt">Chicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieulles" title="Chieulles">Chieulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouange" title="Clouange">Clouange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocheren" title="Cocheren">Cocheren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coincy,_Moselle" title="Coincy, Moselle">Coincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin-l%C3%A8s-Cuvry" title="Coin-lès-Cuvry">Coin-lès-Cuvry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin-sur-Seille" title="Coin-sur-Seille">Coin-sur-Seille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colligny-Maizery" title="Colligny-Maizery">Colligny-Maizery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmen" title="Colmen">Colmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-Northen" title="Condé-Northen">Condé-Northen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conthil" title="Conthil">Conthil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contz-les-Bains" title="Contz-les-Bains">Contz-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corny-sur-Moselle" title="Corny-sur-Moselle">Corny-sur-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coume" title="Coume">Coume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles-Chaussy" title="Courcelles-Chaussy">Courcelles-Chaussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles-sur-Nied" title="Courcelles-sur-Nied">Courcelles-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craincourt" title="Craincourt">Craincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9hange" title="Créhange">Créhange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creutzwald" title="Creutzwald">Creutzwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting,_Moselle" title="Cutting, Moselle">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvry" title="Cuvry">Cuvry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabo,_Moselle" title="Dabo, Moselle">Dabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalem,_Moselle" title="Dalem, Moselle">Dalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalhain" title="Dalhain">Dalhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalstein" title="Dalstein">Dalstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danne-et-Quatre-Vents" title="Danne-et-Quatre-Vents">Danne-et-Quatre-Vents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dannelbourg" title="Dannelbourg">Dannelbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delme,_Moselle" title="Delme, Moselle">Delme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denting" title="Denting">Denting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desseling" title="Desseling">Desseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destry,_Moselle" title="Destry, Moselle">Destry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane-Capelle" title="Diane-Capelle">Diane-Capelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diebling" title="Diebling">Diebling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesen" title="Diesen">Diesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieuze" title="Dieuze">Dieuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffembach-l%C3%A8s-Hellimer" title="Diffembach-lès-Hellimer">Diffembach-lès-Hellimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distroff" title="Distroff">Distroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolving" title="Dolving">Dolving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnom-l%C3%A8s-Dieuze" title="Domnom-lès-Dieuze">Domnom-lès-Dieuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donjeux,_Moselle" title="Donjeux, Moselle">Donjeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnelay" title="Donnelay">Donnelay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89bersviller" title="Ébersviller">Ébersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89blange" title="Éblange">Éblange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89guelshardt" title="Éguelshardt">Éguelshardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eincheville" title="Eincheville">Eincheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvange,_Moselle" title="Elvange, Moselle">Elvange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elzange" title="Elzange">Elzange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchenberg" title="Enchenberg">Enchenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennery,_Moselle" title="Ennery, Moselle">Ennery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrange" title="Entrange">Entrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping,_Moselle" title="Epping, Moselle">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erching" title="Erching">Erching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestviller" title="Ernestviller">Ernestviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erstroff" title="Erstroff">Erstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escherange" title="Escherange">Escherange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89tangs" title="Les Étangs">Les Étangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etting" title="Etting">Etting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etzling" title="Etzling">Etzling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vrange" title="Évrange">Évrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failly" title="Failly">Failly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falck,_Moselle" title="Falck, Moselle">Falck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fameck" title="Fameck">Fameck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far%C3%A9bersviller" title="Farébersviller">Farébersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farschviller" title="Farschviller">Farschviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faulquemont" title="Faulquemont">Faulquemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9n%C3%A9trange" title="Fénétrange">Fénétrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8ves" title="Fèves">Fèves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9y,_Moselle" title="Féy, Moselle">Féy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filstroff" title="Filstroff">Filstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixem" title="Fixem">Fixem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flastroff" title="Flastroff">Flastroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleisheim" title="Fleisheim">Fleisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9trange" title="Flétrange">Flétrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury,_Moselle" title="Fleury, Moselle">Fleury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9vy" title="Flévy">Flévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flocourt" title="Flocourt">Flocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florange" title="Florange">Florange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkling" title="Folkling">Folkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folschviller" title="Folschviller">Folschviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonteny" title="Fonteny">Fonteny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontoy" title="Fontoy">Fontoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbach" title="Forbach">Forbach</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossieux" title="Fossieux">Fossieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foulcrey" title="Foulcrey">Foulcrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouligny" title="Fouligny">Fouligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foville" title="Foville">Foville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francaltroff" title="Francaltroff">Francaltroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraquelfing" title="Fraquelfing">Fraquelfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenberg,_Moselle" title="Frauenberg, Moselle">Frauenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freistroff" title="Freistroff">Freistroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9mery" title="Frémery">Frémery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9mestroff" title="Frémestroff">Frémestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnes-en-Saulnois" title="Fresnes-en-Saulnois">Fresnes-en-Saulnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freybouse" title="Freybouse">Freybouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyming-Merlebach" title="Freyming-Merlebach">Freyming-Merlebach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg,_Moselle" title="Fribourg, Moselle">Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandrange" title="Gandrange">Gandrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrebourg" title="Garrebourg">Garrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavisse" title="Gavisse">Gavisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelucourt" title="Gelucourt">Gelucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerb%C3%A9court" title="Gerbécourt">Gerbécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givrycourt" title="Givrycourt">Givrycourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glatigny,_Moselle" title="Glatigny, Moselle">Glatigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goetzenbruck" title="Goetzenbruck">Goetzenbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goin,_Moselle" title="Goin, Moselle">Goin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomelange" title="Gomelange">Gomelange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondrexange" title="Gondrexange">Gondrexange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorze" title="Gorze">Gorze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosselming" title="Gosselming">Gosselming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravelotte" title="Gravelotte">Gravelotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9mecey" title="Grémecey">Grémecey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9ning" title="Gréning">Gréning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindorff-Bizing" title="Grindorff-Bizing">Grindorff-Bizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gros-R%C3%A9derching" title="Gros-Réderching">Gros-Réderching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosbliederstroff" title="Grosbliederstroff">Grosbliederstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grostenquin" title="Grostenquin">Grostenquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundviller" title="Grundviller">Grundviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guebenhouse" title="Guebenhouse">Guebenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9bestroff" title="Guébestroff">Guébestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9blange-l%C3%A8s-Dieuze" title="Guéblange-lès-Dieuze">Guéblange-lès-Dieuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9bling" title="Guébling">Guébling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9nange" title="Guénange">Guénange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guenviller" title="Guenviller">Guenviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guermange" title="Guermange">Guermange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerstling" title="Guerstling">Guerstling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerting" title="Guerting">Guerting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guessling-H%C3%A9mering" title="Guessling-Hémering">Guessling-Hémering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinglange" title="Guinglange">Guinglange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinkirchen" title="Guinkirchen">Guinkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinzeling" title="Guinzeling">Guinzeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntzviller" title="Guntzviller">Guntzviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haboudange" title="Haboudange">Haboudange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen,_Moselle" title="Hagen, Moselle">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagondange" title="Hagondange">Hagondange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallering" title="Hallering">Hallering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halstroff" title="Halstroff">Halstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham-sous-Varsberg" title="Ham-sous-Varsberg">Ham-sous-Varsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambach,_Moselle" title="Hambach, Moselle">Hambach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampont" title="Hampont">Hampont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangviller" title="Hangviller">Hangviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannocourt" title="Hannocourt">Hannocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han-sur-Nied" title="Han-sur-Nied">Han-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanviller" title="Hanviller">Hanviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraucourt-sur-Seille" title="Haraucourt-sur-Seille">Haraucourt-sur-Seille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargarten-aux-Mines" title="Hargarten-aux-Mines">Hargarten-aux-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harprich" title="Harprich">Harprich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harreberg" title="Harreberg">Harreberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartzviller" title="Hartzviller">Hartzviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haselbourg" title="Haselbourg">Haselbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haspelschiedt" title="Haspelschiedt">Haspelschiedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattigny" title="Hattigny">Hattigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauconcourt" title="Hauconcourt">Hauconcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-Clocher" title="Haut-Clocher">Haut-Clocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute-Kontz" title="Haute-Kontz">Haute-Kontz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute-Vigneulles" title="Haute-Vigneulles">Haute-Vigneulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havange" title="Havange">Havange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayange" title="Hayange">Hayange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes,_Moselle" title="Hayes, Moselle">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazembourg" title="Hazembourg">Hazembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heining-l%C3%A8s-Bouzonville" title="Heining-lès-Bouzonville">Heining-lès-Bouzonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellering-l%C3%A8s-F%C3%A9n%C3%A9trange" title="Hellering-lès-Fénétrange">Hellering-lès-Fénétrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellimer" title="Hellimer">Hellimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helstroff" title="Helstroff">Helstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9milly" title="Hémilly">Hémilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ming" title="Héming">Héming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henridorff" title="Henridorff">Henridorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriville" title="Henriville">Henriville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9range" title="Hérange">Hérange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermelange" title="Hermelange">Hermelange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herny" title="Herny">Herny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzing" title="Hertzing">Hertzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse,_Moselle" title="Hesse, Moselle">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestroff" title="Hestroff">Hestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hettange-Grande" title="Hettange-Grande">Hettange-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilbesheim" title="Hilbesheim">Hilbesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilsprich" title="Hilsprich">Hilsprich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinckange" title="Hinckange">Hinckange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holacourt" title="Holacourt">Holacourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holling,_Moselle" title="Holling, Moselle">Holling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holving" title="Holving">Holving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hombourg-Budange" title="Hombourg-Budange">Hombourg-Budange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hombourg-Haut" title="Hombourg-Haut">Hombourg-Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hommarting" title="Hommarting">Hommarting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hommert" title="Hommert">Hommert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honskirch" title="Honskirch">Honskirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4pital,_Moselle" title="L'Hôpital, Moselle">L'Hôpital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoste,_Moselle" title="Hoste, Moselle">Hoste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hottviller" title="Hottviller">Hottviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hultehouse" title="Hultehouse">Hultehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundling" title="Hundling">Hundling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting,_Moselle" title="Hunting, Moselle">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibigny" title="Ibigny">Ibigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illange" title="Illange">Illange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imling" title="Imling">Imling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglange" title="Inglange">Inglange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insming" title="Insming">Insming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insviller" title="Insviller">Insviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippling" title="Ippling">Ippling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallaucourt" title="Jallaucourt">Jallaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jouy-aux-Arches" title="Jouy-aux-Arches">Jouy-aux-Arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury,_Moselle" title="Jury, Moselle">Jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussy,_Moselle" title="Jussy, Moselle">Jussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvelize" title="Juvelize">Juvelize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juville" title="Juville">Juville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalhausen" title="Kalhausen">Kalhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanfen" title="Kanfen">Kanfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappelkinger" title="Kappelkinger">Kappelkinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9dange-sur-Canner" title="Kédange-sur-Canner">Kédange-sur-Canner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemplich" title="Kemplich">Kemplich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerbach" title="Kerbach">Kerbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerling-l%C3%A8s-Sierck" title="Kerling-lès-Sierck">Kerling-lès-Sierck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerprich-aux-Bois" title="Kerprich-aux-Bois">Kerprich-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch-l%C3%A8s-Sierck" title="Kirsch-lès-Sierck">Kirsch-lès-Sierck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirschnaumen" title="Kirschnaumen">Kirschnaumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirviller" title="Kirviller">Kirviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang,_Moselle" title="Klang, Moselle">Klang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knutange" title="Knutange">Knutange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%93nigsmacker" title="Kœnigsmacker">Kœnigsmacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntzig" title="Kuntzig">Kuntzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachambre" title="Lachambre">Lachambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafrimbolle" title="Lafrimbolle">Lafrimbolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarde,_Moselle" title="Lagarde, Moselle">Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambach,_Moselle" title="Lambach, Moselle">Lambach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landange" title="Landange">Landange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landroff" title="Landroff">Landroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laneuveville-en-Saulnois" title="Laneuveville-en-Saulnois">Laneuveville-en-Saulnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laneuveville-l%C3%A8s-Lorquin" title="Laneuveville-lès-Lorquin">Laneuveville-lès-Lorquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langatte" title="Langatte">Langatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languimberg" title="Languimberg">Languimberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laning" title="Laning">Laning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laquenexy" title="Laquenexy">Laquenexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudrefang" title="Laudrefang">Laudrefang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laumesfeld" title="Laumesfeld">Laumesfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launstroff" title="Launstroff">Launstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelling" title="Lelling">Lelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemberg,_Moselle" title="Lemberg, Moselle">Lemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemoncourt" title="Lemoncourt">Lemoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemud" title="Lemud">Lemud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengelsheim" title="Lengelsheim">Lengelsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ning" title="Léning">Léning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesse,_Moselle" title="Lesse, Moselle">Lesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessy" title="Lessy">Lessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ley,_Moselle" title="Ley, Moselle">Ley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyviller" title="Leyviller">Leyviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezey" title="Lezey">Lezey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhor" title="Lhor">Lhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidrezing" title="Lidrezing">Lidrezing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liederschiedt" title="Liederschiedt">Liederschiedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9hon" title="Liéhon">Liéhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindre-Basse" title="Lindre-Basse">Lindre-Basse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindre-Haute" title="Lindre-Haute">Lindre-Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liocourt" title="Liocourt">Liocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixheim" title="Lixheim">Lixheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixing-l%C3%A8s-Rouhling" title="Lixing-lès-Rouhling">Lixing-lès-Rouhling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixing-l%C3%A8s-Saint-Avold" title="Lixing-lès-Saint-Avold">Lixing-lès-Saint-Avold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lommerange" title="Lommerange">Lommerange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longeville-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Longeville-lès-Metz">Longeville-lès-Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longeville-l%C3%A8s-Saint-Avold" title="Longeville-lès-Saint-Avold">Longeville-lès-Saint-Avold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorquin" title="Lorquin">Lorquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorry-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Lorry-lès-Metz">Lorry-lès-Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorry-Mardigny" title="Lorry-Mardigny">Lorry-Mardigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lostroff" title="Lostroff">Lostroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudrefing" title="Loudrefing">Loudrefing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loupershouse" title="Loupershouse">Loupershouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutzviller" title="Loutzviller">Loutzviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvigny,_Moselle" title="Louvigny, Moselle">Louvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lub%C3%A9court" title="Lubécourt">Lubécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy,_Moselle" title="Lucy, Moselle">Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luppy" title="Luppy">Luppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luttange" title="Luttange">Luttange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutzelbourg" title="Lutzelbourg">Lutzelbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheren" title="Macheren">Macheren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainvillers" title="Mainvillers">Mainvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizeroy" title="Maizeroy">Maizeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizi%C3%A8res-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Maizières-lès-Metz">Maizières-lès-Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizi%C3%A8res-l%C3%A8s-Vic" title="Maizières-lès-Vic">Maizières-lès-Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaucourt-sur-Seille" title="Malaucourt-sur-Seille">Malaucourt-sur-Seille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malling,_Moselle" title="Malling, Moselle">Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malroy" title="Malroy">Malroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manderen-Ritzing" title="Manderen-Ritzing">Manderen-Ritzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhou%C3%A9" title="Manhoué">Manhoué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manom" title="Manom">Manom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Many,_Moselle" title="Many, Moselle">Many</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marange-Silvange" title="Marange-Silvange">Marange-Silvange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marange-Zondrange" title="Marange-Zondrange">Marange-Zondrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marieulles" title="Marieulles">Marieulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimont-l%C3%A8s-B%C3%A9nestroff" title="Marimont-lès-Bénestroff">Marimont-lès-Bénestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marly,_Moselle" title="Marly, Moselle">Marly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsal,_Moselle" title="Marsal, Moselle">Marsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilly,_Moselle" title="Marsilly, Moselle">Marsilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthille" title="Marthille">Marthille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maxe" title="La Maxe">La Maxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxstadt" title="Maxstadt">Maxstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9cleuves" title="Mécleuves">Mécleuves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9gange" title="Mégange">Mégange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meisenthal" title="Meisenthal">Meisenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menskirch" title="Menskirch">Menskirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merschweiller" title="Merschweiller">Merschweiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merten" title="Merten">Merten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tairies-Saint-Quirin" title="Métairies-Saint-Quirin">Métairies-Saint-Quirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metting" title="Metting">Metting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metz</a>pref</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzeresche" title="Metzeresche">Metzeresche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzervisse" title="Metzervisse">Metzervisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzing" title="Metzing">Metzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mey,_Moselle" title="Mey, Moselle">Mey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelbronn" title="Mittelbronn">Mittelbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittersheim" title="Mittersheim">Mittersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molring" title="Molring">Molring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momerstroff" title="Momerstroff">Momerstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncheux" title="Moncheux">Moncheux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncourt" title="Moncourt">Moncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondelange" title="Mondelange">Mondelange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondorff" title="Mondorff">Mondorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monneren" title="Monneren">Monneren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbronn" title="Montbronn">Montbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montdidier,_Moselle" title="Montdidier, Moselle">Montdidier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenach" title="Montenach">Montenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Montigny-lès-Metz">Montigny-lès-Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montois-la-Montagne" title="Montois-la-Montagne">Montois-la-Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morhange" title="Morhange">Morhange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsbach,_Moselle" title="Morsbach, Moselle">Morsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morville-l%C3%A8s-Vic" title="Morville-lès-Vic">Morville-lès-Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morville-sur-Nied" title="Morville-sur-Nied">Morville-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Moulins-lès-Metz">Moulins-lès-Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussey,_Moselle" title="Moussey, Moselle">Moussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouterhouse" title="Mouterhouse">Mouterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyenvic" title="Moyenvic">Moyenvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyeuvre-Grande" title="Moyeuvre-Grande">Moyeuvre-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyeuvre-Petite" title="Moyeuvre-Petite">Moyeuvre-Petite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulcey" title="Mulcey">Mulcey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Moselle" title="Munster, Moselle">Munster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narb%C3%A9fontaine" title="Narbéfontaine">Narbéfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9bing" title="Nébing">Nébing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelling" title="Nelling">Nelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neufchef" title="Neufchef">Neufchef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neufgrange" title="Neufgrange">Neufgrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neufmoulins" title="Neufmoulins">Neufmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neufvillage" title="Neufvillage">Neufvillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neunkirchen-l%C3%A8s-Bouzonville" title="Neunkirchen-lès-Bouzonville">Neunkirchen-lès-Bouzonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niderhoff" title="Niderhoff">Niderhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niderviller" title="Niderviller">Niderviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederstinzel" title="Niederstinzel">Niederstinzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedervisse" title="Niedervisse">Niedervisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilvange" title="Nilvange">Nilvange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitting" title="Nitting">Nitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noisseville" title="Noisseville">Noisseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norroy-le-Veneur" title="Norroy-le-Veneur">Norroy-le-Veneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouilly" title="Nouilly">Nouilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nousseviller-l%C3%A8s-Bitche" title="Nousseviller-lès-Bitche">Nousseviller-lès-Bitche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nousseviller-Saint-Nabor" title="Nousseviller-Saint-Nabor">Nousseviller-Saint-Nabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%A9ant-sur-Moselle" title="Novéant-sur-Moselle">Novéant-sur-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberdorff" title="Oberdorff">Oberdorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obergailbach" title="Obergailbach">Obergailbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberstinzel" title="Oberstinzel">Oberstinzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obervisse" title="Obervisse">Obervisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreck" title="Obreck">Obreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92ting" title="Œting">Œting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogy-Montoy-Flanville" title="Ogy-Montoy-Flanville">Ogy-Montoy-Flanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ommeray" title="Ommeray">Ommeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriocourt" title="Oriocourt">Oriocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormersviller" title="Ormersviller">Ormersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orny,_Moselle" title="Orny, Moselle">Orny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oron,_Moselle" title="Oron, Moselle">Oron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottange" title="Ottange">Ottange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonville" title="Ottonville">Ottonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudrenne" title="Oudrenne">Oudrenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagny-l%C3%A8s-Goin" title="Pagny-lès-Goin">Pagny-lès-Goin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pange" title="Pange">Pange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltre" title="Peltre">Peltre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petite-Rosselle" title="Petite-Rosselle">Petite-Rosselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-R%C3%A9derching" title="Petit-Réderching">Petit-Réderching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Tenquin" title="Petit-Tenquin">Petit-Tenquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettoncourt" title="Pettoncourt">Pettoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9vange" title="Pévange">Pévange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalsbourg" title="Phalsbourg">Phalsbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippsbourg" title="Philippsbourg">Philippsbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piblange" title="Piblange">Piblange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrevillers" title="Pierrevillers">Pierrevillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaine-de-Walsch" title="Plaine-de-Walsch">Plaine-de-Walsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plappeville" title="Plappeville">Plappeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesnois" title="Plesnois">Plesnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomm%C3%A9rieux" title="Pommérieux">Pommérieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontoy" title="Pontoy">Pontoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontpierre,_Moselle" title="Pontpierre, Moselle">Pontpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelette" title="Porcelette">Porcelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postroff" title="Postroff">Postroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouilly,_Moselle" title="Pouilly, Moselle">Pouilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pournoy-la-Ch%C3%A9tive" title="Pournoy-la-Chétive">Pournoy-la-Chétive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pournoy-la-Grasse" title="Pournoy-la-Grasse">Pournoy-la-Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vocourt" title="Prévocourt">Prévocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttelange-aux-Lacs" title="Puttelange-aux-Lacs">Puttelange-aux-Lacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttelange-l%C3%A8s-Thionville" title="Puttelange-lès-Thionville">Puttelange-lès-Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttigny" title="Puttigny">Puttigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzieux,_Moselle" title="Puzieux, Moselle">Puzieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racrange" title="Racrange">Racrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahling" title="Rahling">Rahling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranguevaux" title="Ranguevaux">Ranguevaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raville" title="Raville">Raville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9chicourt-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Réchicourt-le-Château">Réchicourt-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9dange" title="Rédange">Rédange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ding" title="Réding">Réding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9melfang" title="Rémelfang">Rémelfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9melfing" title="Rémelfing">Rémelfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9meling" title="Rémeling">Rémeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mering-l%C3%A8s-Puttelange" title="Rémering-lès-Puttelange">Rémering-lès-Puttelange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9milly,_Moselle" title="Rémilly, Moselle">Rémilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ning" title="Réning">Réning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retonfey" title="Retonfey">Retonfey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettel" title="Rettel">Rettel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reyersviller" title="Reyersviller">Reyersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezonville-Vionville" title="Rezonville-Vionville">Rezonville-Vionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes,_Moselle" title="Rhodes, Moselle">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riche" title="Riche">Riche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richeling" title="Richeling">Richeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richemont,_Moselle" title="Richemont, Moselle">Richemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richeval" title="Richeval">Richeval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimling" title="Rimling">Rimling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochonvillers" title="Rochonvillers">Rochonvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodalbe" title="Rodalbe">Rodalbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodemack" title="Rodemack">Rodemack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohrbach-l%C3%A8s-Bitche" title="Rohrbach-lès-Bitche">Rohrbach-lès-Bitche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolbing" title="Rolbing">Rolbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombas" title="Rombas">Rombas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romelfing" title="Romelfing">Romelfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncourt" title="Roncourt">Roncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roppeviller" title="Roppeviller">Roppeviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorbach-l%C3%A8s-Dieuze" title="Rorbach-lès-Dieuze">Rorbach-lès-Dieuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosbruck" title="Rosbruck">Rosbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosselange" title="Rosselange">Rosselange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouhling" title="Rouhling">Rouhling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roupeldange" title="Roupeldange">Roupeldange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussy-le-Village" title="Roussy-le-Village">Roussy-le-Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roz%C3%A9rieulles" title="Rozérieulles">Rozérieulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurange-l%C3%A8s-Thionville" title="Rurange-lès-Thionville">Rurange-lès-Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russange" title="Russange">Russange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustroff" title="Rustroff">Rustroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailly-Ach%C3%A2tel" title="Sailly-Achâtel">Sailly-Achâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Avold" title="Saint-Avold">Saint-Avold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Barbe,_Moselle" title="Sainte-Barbe, Moselle">Sainte-Barbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-aux-Ch%C3%AAnes" title="Sainte-Marie-aux-Chênes">Sainte-Marie-aux-Chênes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Epvre" title="Saint-Epvre">Saint-Epvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Ruffine" title="Sainte-Ruffine">Sainte-Ruffine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois-Lacroix" title="Saint-François-Lacroix">Saint-François-Lacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Moselle" title="Saint-Georges, Moselle">Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hubert,_Moselle" title="Saint-Hubert, Moselle">Saint-Hubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Bassel" title="Saint-Jean-de-Bassel">Saint-Jean-de-Bassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Kourtzerode" title="Saint-Jean-Kourtzerode">Saint-Jean-Kourtzerode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Rohrbach" title="Saint-Jean-Rohrbach">Saint-Jean-Rohrbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Saint-Julien-lès-Metz">Saint-Julien-lès-Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jure" title="Saint-Jure">Saint-Jure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Moselle" title="Saint-Louis, Moselle">Saint-Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis-l%C3%A8s-Bitche" title="Saint-Louis-lès-Bitche">Saint-Louis-lès-Bitche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-M%C3%A9dard,_Moselle" title="Saint-Médard, Moselle">Saint-Médard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Privat-la-Montagne" title="Saint-Privat-la-Montagne">Saint-Privat-la-Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quirin" title="Saint-Quirin">Saint-Quirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonnes" title="Salonnes">Salonnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanry-l%C3%A8s-Vigy" title="Sanry-lès-Vigy">Sanry-lès-Vigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanry-sur-Nied" title="Sanry-sur-Nied">Sanry-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarralbe" title="Sarralbe">Sarralbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraltroff" title="Sarraltroff">Sarraltroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarreguemines" title="Sarreguemines">Sarreguemines</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarreinsming" title="Sarreinsming">Sarreinsming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulny" title="Saulny">Saulny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalbach" title="Schalbach">Schalbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmittviller" title="Schmittviller">Schmittviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneckenbusch" title="Schneckenbusch">Schneckenbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C5%93neck" title="Schœneck">Schœneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schorbach" title="Schorbach">Schorbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerdorff" title="Schwerdorff">Schwerdorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweyen" title="Schweyen">Schweyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scy-Chazelles" title="Scy-Chazelles">Scy-Chazelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secourt" title="Secourt">Secourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seingbouse" title="Seingbouse">Seingbouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sem%C3%A9court" title="Semécourt">Semécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ser%C3%A9mange-Erzange" title="Serémange-Erzange">Serémange-Erzange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servigny-l%C3%A8s-Raville" title="Servigny-lès-Raville">Servigny-lès-Raville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servigny-l%C3%A8s-Sainte-Barbe" title="Servigny-lès-Sainte-Barbe">Servigny-lès-Sainte-Barbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierck-les-Bains" title="Sierck-les-Bains">Sierck-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siersthal" title="Siersthal">Siersthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillegny" title="Sillegny">Sillegny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silly-en-Saulnois" title="Silly-en-Saulnois">Silly-en-Saulnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silly-sur-Nied" title="Silly-sur-Nied">Silly-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solgne" title="Solgne">Solgne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbey,_Moselle" title="Sorbey, Moselle">Sorbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotzeling" title="Sotzeling">Sotzeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soucht" title="Soucht">Soucht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicheren" title="Spicheren">Spicheren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiring-Wendel" title="Stiring-Wendel">Stiring-Wendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckange" title="Stuckange">Stuckange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturzelbronn" title="Sturzelbronn">Sturzelbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisse,_Moselle" title="Suisse, Moselle">Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talange" title="Talange">Talange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarquimpol" title="Tarquimpol">Tarquimpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenteling" title="Tenteling">Tenteling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terville" title="Terville">Terville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9terchen" title="Téterchen">Téterchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teting-sur-Nied" title="Teting-sur-Nied">Teting-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ding" title="Théding">Théding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thicourt" title="Thicourt">Thicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimonville" title="Thimonville">Thimonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thionville" title="Thionville">Thionville</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonville" title="Thonville">Thonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincry" title="Tincry">Tincry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcheville" title="Torcheville">Torcheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragny" title="Tragny">Tragny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9mery" title="Trémery">Trémery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tressange" title="Tressange">Tressange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritteling-Redlach" title="Tritteling-Redlach">Tritteling-Redlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisfontaines" title="Troisfontaines">Troisfontaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromborn" title="Tromborn">Tromborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquestein-Blancrupt" title="Turquestein-Blancrupt">Turquestein-Blancrupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uckange" title="Uckange">Uckange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahl-Ebersing" title="Vahl-Ebersing">Vahl-Ebersing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahl-l%C3%A8s-B%C3%A9nestroff" title="Vahl-lès-Bénestroff">Vahl-lès-Bénestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahl-l%C3%A8s-Faulquemont" title="Vahl-lès-Faulquemont">Vahl-lès-Faulquemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Bride" title="Val-de-Bride">Val-de-Bride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Val-de-Gu%C3%A9blange" title="Le Val-de-Guéblange">Le Val-de-Guéblange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallerange" title="Vallerange">Vallerange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmestroff" title="Valmestroff">Valmestroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmont,_Moselle" title="Valmont, Moselle">Valmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmunster" title="Valmunster">Valmunster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannecourt" title="Vannecourt">Vannecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vantoux" title="Vantoux">Vantoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vany,_Moselle" title="Vany, Moselle">Vany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varize-Vaudoncourt" title="Varize-Vaudoncourt">Varize-Vaudoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varsberg" title="Varsberg">Varsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasperviller" title="Vasperviller">Vasperviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatimont" title="Vatimont">Vatimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudreching" title="Vaudreching">Vaudreching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux,_Moselle" title="Vaux, Moselle">Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaxy" title="Vaxy">Vaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veckersviller" title="Veckersviller">Veckersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veckring" title="Veckring">Veckring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velving" title="Velving">Velving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergaville" title="Vergaville">Vergaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vern%C3%A9ville" title="Vernéville">Vernéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verny,_France" title="Verny, France">Verny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vescheim" title="Vescheim">Vescheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibersviller" title="Vibersviller">Vibersviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic-sur-Seille" title="Vic-sur-Seille">Vic-sur-Seille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Lixheim" title="Vieux-Lixheim">Vieux-Lixheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigny,_Moselle" title="Vigny, Moselle">Vigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigy" title="Vigy">Vigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viller" title="Viller">Viller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Stoncourt" title="Villers-Stoncourt">Villers-Stoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-sur-Nied" title="Villers-sur-Nied">Villers-sur-Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villing" title="Villing">Villing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilsberg" title="Vilsberg">Vilsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virming" title="Virming">Virming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitry-sur-Orne" title="Vitry-sur-Orne">Vitry-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittersbourg" title="Vittersbourg">Vittersbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoncourt" title="Vittoncourt">Vittoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviers,_Moselle" title="Viviers, Moselle">Viviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%93lfling-l%C3%A8s-Bouzonville" title="Vœlfling-lès-Bouzonville">Vœlfling-lès-Bouzonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voimhaut" title="Voimhaut">Voimhaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volmerange-l%C3%A8s-Boulay" title="Volmerange-lès-Boulay">Volmerange-lès-Boulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volmerange-les-Mines" title="Volmerange-les-Mines">Volmerange-les-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volmunster" title="Volmunster">Volmunster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstroff" title="Volstroff">Volstroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyer,_Moselle" title="Voyer, Moselle">Voyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vry" title="Vry">Vry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulmont" title="Vulmont">Vulmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldhouse" title="Waldhouse">Waldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldweistroff" title="Waldweistroff">Waldweistroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldwisse" title="Waldwisse">Waldwisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walschbronn" title="Walschbronn">Walschbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walscheid" title="Walscheid">Walscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltembourg" title="Waltembourg">Waltembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesviller" title="Wiesviller">Wiesviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willerwald" title="Willerwald">Willerwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintersbourg" title="Wintersbourg">Wintersbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittring" title="Wittring">Wittring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%93lfling-l%C3%A8s-Sarreguemines" title="Wœlfling-lès-Sarreguemines">Wœlfling-lès-Sarreguemines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woippy" title="Woippy">Woippy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woustviller" title="Woustviller">Woustviller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuisse" title="Wuisse">Wuisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanrey" title="Xanrey">Xanrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xocourt" title="Xocourt">Xocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xouaxange" title="Xouaxange">Xouaxange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutz" title="Yutz">Yutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarbeling" title="Zarbeling">Zarbeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetting" title="Zetting">Zetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilling" title="Zilling">Zilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimming" title="Zimming">Zimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zommange" title="Zommange">Zommange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoufftgen" title="Zoufftgen">Zoufftgen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>pref: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li>subpr: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22690#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106753300">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137746789">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158480400">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgCPwkJX3pt4464pBBkjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4039029-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79091180">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140171226">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140171226">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0041701&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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