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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="لئونارد اشتینگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئونارد اشتینگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Stejneger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leonhard Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="ليونهارد هيس ستجنجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليونهارد هيس ستجنجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger" title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leonhard Hess Stejneger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Штейнегер, Леонард – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Штейнегер, Леонард" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biologist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leonhard Hess Stejneger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg/220px-Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg/330px-Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg/440px-Leonhard_Stejneger_1910s_cr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="1768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Stejneger, c. 1910s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1851-10-30</span>)</span>October 30, 1851<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bergen,_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen, Norway">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 28, 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-02-28)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Christiania" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Christiania">University of Christiania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Leonhard Hess Stejneger</b> (30 October 1851 – 28 February 1943) was a Norwegian-born <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornithologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologist">ornithologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herpetologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpetologist">herpetologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a>. Stejneger specialized in vertebrate natural history studies. He gained his greatest reputation with reptiles and amphibians.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Stejneger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stejnegger_Leonhard_1851-1943.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stejnegger_Leonhard_1851-1943.png/220px-Stejnegger_Leonhard_1851-1943.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stejnegger_Leonhard_1851-1943.png/330px-Stejnegger_Leonhard_1851-1943.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Stejnegger_Leonhard_1851-1943.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Stejneger in 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>Stejneger was born in <a href="/wiki/Bergen,_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen, Norway">Bergen, Norway</a>. His father was Peter Stamer Steineger, a merchant and auditor; his mother was Ingeborg Catharine (née Hess). Leonhard was the eldest of seven children. His sister <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Steineger" title="Agnes Steineger">Agnes Steineger</a> was a Norwegian artist. Until 1880, the Steineger family had been one of the wealthy families in Bergen; at that time business reverses led to the father declaring bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stejneger attended the Smith Theological School in Bergen from 1859 to 1860, and Bergen Latin School until 1869. His interests in zoology developed early. By age sixteen, he had a printed catalogue of birds, and he painted birds in <a href="/wiki/Watercolor_painting" title="Watercolor painting">water color</a>. He moved with his mother to <a href="/wiki/Meran" class="mw-redirect" title="Meran">Meran</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a> and studied under a private tutor. Around 1870, he began to spell his surname "Stejneger" and continued to use that spelling for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Christiania" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Christiania">University of Christiania</a>. He earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> and started a brief career as a lawyer.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Stejneger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1880, Stejneger ordered a walking cane with a built-in collector's gun which would serve him in his specimen collection until the end of his life. In 1881, Stejneger moved to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on the advice of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cabanis" title="Jean Cabanis">Jean Cabanis</a>. He had married Anna Norman in 1876 but she chose not to move to the United States and they separated and later divorced. On arriving in the US, he immediately went to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> to meet <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Fullerton_Baird" title="Spencer Fullerton Baird">Spencer Fullerton Baird</a> after taking some time sitting in a park to brush up on his English vocabulary. Baird had been in communication and knew his competence and he began to work soon after. Stejneger became an American citizen in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stejneger participated in numerous expeditions to the northern parts of the <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> continent. From 1882 to 1883, he was on an exploration mission to <a href="/wiki/Bering_Island" title="Bering Island">Bering Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka</a>. In 1895, he went to the <a href="/wiki/Commander_Islands" title="Commander Islands">Commander Islands</a>, studying <a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a> for the U.S. Fish Commission. He returned there a second time in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the Smithsonian Institution, he moved up the career ladder. In 1884 he was Assistant Curator for <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, in 1889 Curator for <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, in 1899 Curator for reptiles and <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">amphibians</a>, and from 1911 on Head Curator for biology, a post he held until his death, having been exempted from retirement by a presidential decree. </p><p>Stejneger published more than 400 scientific works on birds, reptiles, seals, the <a href="/wiki/Herpetology" title="Herpetology">herpetology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, and other topics.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his Bering Island trip, he became fascinated by the life of <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Steller" title="Georg Wilhelm Steller">Georg Wilhelm Steller</a>, an 18th-century naturalist who had previously visited there. He thoroughly researched Steller's life over the next few decades, a hobby which culminated in his only non-scientific publication, an authoritative Steller biography published in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stejneger was a Life Member of the <a href="/wiki/Bergen_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen Museum">Bergen Museum</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/International_Society_of_Zoological_Sciences" title="International Society of Zoological Sciences">International Congresses of Zoology</a> of 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907, 1913, 1927, and 1930, as well as ornithological and fisheries congresses. He was elected to the International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature in 1898 and served as the organizing secretary for the Section on Zoogeography at the 1907 International Zoological Congress (VII) in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. In 1900, he was awarded a gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Paris Exposition</a> for his work on fur seals management and conservation. In 1923, Stejneger was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>. In 1931, he was made honorary president for life of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Ichthyologists_and_Herpetologists" title="American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists">American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists</a>. In 1906, he was made knight of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Order_of_St._Olaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olaf">Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olaf</a> and then in 1939 Commander of the same order.<sup id="cite_ref-wetmore_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Stejneger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Leonhard_Stejneger" title="Category:Taxa named by Leonhard Stejneger">Category:Taxa named by Leonhard Stejneger</a></div> <p>Stejneger is commemorated in the scientific names of 13 reptiles (ten species and three subspecies): <i><a href="/wiki/Amphisbaena_stejnegeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphisbaena stejnegeri">Amphisbaena stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspidoscelis_tigris" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspidoscelis tigris">Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crotalus_stejnegeri" title="Crotalus stejnegeri">Crotalus stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloydius_intermedius" title="Gloydius intermedius">Gloydius intermedius stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemidactylus_stejnegeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemidactylus stejnegeri">Hemidactylus stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudoxenodon" title="Pseudoxenodon">Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinotyphlops_stejnegeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinotyphlops stejnegeri">Rhinotyphlops stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiny_lizard" title="Spiny lizard">Sceloporus stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sphaerodactylus" title="Sphaerodactylus">Sphaerodactylus cinereus stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takydromus_stejnegeri" title="Takydromus stejnegeri">Takydromus stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Antillean_slider" title="Central Antillean slider">Trachemys stejnegeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimeresurus_stejnegeri" title="Trimeresurus stejnegeri">Trimeresurus stejnegeri</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Side-blotched_lizard" title="Side-blotched lizard">Uta stansburiana stejnegeri</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also commemorated in several bird species including <i><a href="/wiki/Stejneger%27s_scoter" title="Stejneger's scoter">Mellanitta stejnegeri</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Amur_stonechat" title="Amur stonechat">Saxicola stejnegeri</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Stejneger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a complete list of all papers, see Wetmore (1945). Some of his major works include: </p> <ul><li><i>Results of Ornithological Explorations in the Commander Islands and in Kamtschatka</i> (1885)</li> <li><i> Birds of Kauai Island, Hawaiian Archipelago / collected by Mr. <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_Knudsen" title="Valdemar Knudsen">Valdemar Knudsen</a>, with description of new species</i> (1887)</li> <li><i>Notes on a third collection of birds made in Kauai, Hawaiian Islands</i> (1890)</li> <li><i>The Poisonous Snakes of North America</i> (1895)</li> <li><i>The Russian Fur-Seal Islands</i> (1896)</li> <li><i>Herpetology of Porto Rico</i> (1904)</li> <li><i>Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territories</i> (1907)</li> <li><i>A new Gerrhonotine Lizard from Costa Rica</i> (1907)</li> <li><i>Three new species of lizards from the Philippine Islands</i> (1908)</li> <li><i>A new genus and species of lizard from Florida</i> (1911)</li> <li><i>A new Scincid Lizard from the Philippine Islands</i> (1911)</li> <li><i>Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. Batrachians and Reptiles</i> (1913)</li> <li><i>A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles</i> [with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Barbour" title="Thomas Barbour">Thomas Barbour</a>] (1917)</li> <li><i>A chapter in the history of zoological nomenclature</i> (1924)</li> <li><i>Fur-seal industry of the Commander Islands: 1897–1922</i> (1925)</li> <li><i>Identity of Hallowell's snake genera, Megalops and Aepidea</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>The Chinese lizards of the genus Gekko</i> (1934)</li> <li><i>Georg Wilhelm Steller, the pioneer of Alaskan natural history</i> (1936)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Stejneger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wetmore-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetmore_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wetmore" title="Alexander Wetmore">Wetmore, Alexander</a> (1945). "Leonhard Hess Stejneger (1851–1943)". <i>Biographical Memoir. Nat. Acad. Sci.</i> <b>24</b>: 145–195. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/stejneger-leonhard.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Leonhard_Hess_Stejneger">"Leonhard Hess Stejneger". <i>Store norske leksikon</i></a>. (in Norwegian).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWetmore,_Alexander1945" class="citation journal cs1">Wetmore, Alexander (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/stejneger-leonhard.pdf">"Biographical Memoir of Leonhard Hess Stejneger 1851–1943"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs</i>. <b>24</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Academy+of+Sciences+Biographical+Memoirs&rft.atitle=Biographical+Memoir+of+Leonhard+Hess+Stejneger+1851%E2%80%931943&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Wetmore%2C+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fstejneger-leonhard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonhard+Stejneger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Leonhard_Stejneger/utdypning"><i>Leonhard Stejneger – utdypning</i> (Gunnar Langhelle. <i>Store norske leksikon</i>)</a>. (in Norwegian).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbour,_Thomas1944" class="citation journal cs1">Barbour, Thomas (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v061n02/p0201-p0203.pdf">"Leonhard Stejneger"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Auk</i>. <b>61</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4079362">10.2307/4079362</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4079362">4079362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Auk&rft.atitle=Leonhard+Stejneger&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E201-%3C%2Fspan%3E203&rft.date=1944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4079362&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4079362%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Barbour%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fjournals%2Fauk%2Fv061n02%2Fp0201-p0203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonhard+Stejneger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. ("Stejneger", pp. 252–253).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Stejneger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Stejneger%2C%20Leonhard%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Leonhard%20Stejneger%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Stejneger%2C%20Leonhard%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Leonhard%20Stejneger%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Leonhard%20Stejneger%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Stejneger%2C%20Leonhard%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Leonhard%20Stejneger%22%29%20OR%20%28%221851-1943%22%20AND%20Stejneger%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Leonhard Stejneger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Stejneger%2C%20Leonhard">Works by Leonhard Stejneger</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siarchives.si.edu/findingaids/FARU7074.htm"><i>Leonhard Stejneger Papers, 1867–1943</i> (by William R. Massa, Jr., and Linda Elmore. Smithsonian Institution Archives)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vertebrates.si.edu/birds/Hall_of_fame/InMemoriamPDFs/Stejneger_2.pdf"><i>Leonhard Stejneger</i> (by Waldo Schmitt. <i>Systematic Zoology</i>, v. 13, no. 4, 1964, p. 243-249)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonian/sets/72157654190123040">Leonhard Stejneger Field Photographs </a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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