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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1900–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1945–2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hierarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hierarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hierarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hierarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Faculties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Faculties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Faculties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Faculties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Theology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Humanities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics_and_natural_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics_and_natural_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mathematics and natural sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics_and_natural_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dentistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dentistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Dentistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dentistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Social sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Research_centres_and_other_special_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_centres_and_other_special_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Research centres and other special units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_centres_and_other_special_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliated_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliated_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Affiliated institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliated_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Rectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Seal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Oslo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="جامعة أوسلو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة أوسلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Universiteti" title="Oslo Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oslo Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اسلو بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسلو بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Універсітэт Осла – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсітэт Осла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%91" title="Унівэрсытэт Осьлё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Унівэрсытэт Осьлё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Университет на Осло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Университет на Осло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_d%27Oslo" title="Universitat d'Oslo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat d'Oslo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzita_v_Oslu" title="Univerzita v Oslu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Univerzita v Oslu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunivhesiti_yeOslo" title="Yunivhesiti yeOslo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yunivhesiti yeOslo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Oslo" title="Universitetet i Oslo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Universitetet i Oslo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_universitehta" title="Oslo universitehta – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oslo universitehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Oslo" title="Universität Oslo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität Oslo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_%C3%9Clikool" title="Oslo Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oslo Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Oslo" title="Universidad de Oslo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Oslo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Oslo" title="Universitato de Oslo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Oslo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osloko_Unibertsitatea" title="Osloko Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osloko Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="دانشگاه اسلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه اسلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Oslo" title="Université d'Oslo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université d'Oslo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_fan_Oslo" title="Universiteit fan Oslo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Universiteit fan Oslo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Oslo" title="Universidade de Oslo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade de Oslo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="오슬로 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오슬로 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Օսլոյի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսլոյի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Oslo" title="Universitas Oslo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93sl%C3%B3arh%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Óslóarháskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Óslóarháskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Oslo" title="Università di Oslo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Oslo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95" title="אוניברסיטת אוסלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת אוסלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ოსლოს უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსლოს უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Осло университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Осло университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Osloy%C3%AA" title="Zanîngeha Osloyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zanîngeha Osloyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Osloensis" title="Universitas Osloensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Osloensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Universit%C4%81te" title="Oslo Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oslo Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_universitetas" title="Oslo universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oslo universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osl%C3%B3i_Egyetem" title="Oslói Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oslói Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="جامعة اوسلو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة اوسلو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Oslo" title="Universiti Oslo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ослогийн их сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ослогийн их сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oslo" title="Universiteit van Oslo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="オスロ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスロ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Oslo" title="Universitetet i Oslo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Universitetet i Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Oslo" title="Universitetet i Oslo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Universitetet i Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_universiteti" title="Oslo universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oslo universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="یونیورسٹی آف اوسلو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف اوسلو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="د اوسلو پوهنتون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوسلو پوهنتون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_w_Oslo" title="Uniwersytet w Oslo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet w Oslo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Oslo" title="Universidade de Oslo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Oslo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_Oslo" title="Universitatea Oslo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea Oslo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Университет Осло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Осло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteti_i_Oslos" title="Universiteti i Oslos – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Universiteti i Oslos" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Oslo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Ослу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Ослу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Oslu" title="Univerzitet u Oslu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Oslu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslon_yliopisto" title="Oslon yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oslon yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Oslo" title="Universitetet i Oslo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Oslo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Oslo" title="Unibersidad ng Oslo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓசுலோ பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓசுலோ பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Oslo Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oslo Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Університет Осло – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Університет Осло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Oslo" title="Đại học Oslo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="奧斯陸大學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="奧斯陸大學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="奧斯陸大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧斯陸大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="奥斯陆大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥斯陆大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q486156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Oslo&params=59_56_23.77_N_10_43_19.43_E_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°56′23.77″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°43′19.43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.9399361°N 10.7220639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.9399361; 10.7220639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Christiania&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Christiania">University of Christiania</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian public research university</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Oslo</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Universitetet i Oslo</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Oslo_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/University_of_Oslo_seal.svg/220px-University_of_Oslo_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/University_of_Oslo_seal.svg/330px-University_of_Oslo_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/University_of_Oslo_seal.svg/440px-University_of_Oslo_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Universitas Osloensis<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Royal Frederick University (1811–1939)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 1811<span class="noprint">; 213 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1811-09-02</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities">Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe" title="Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe">UNICA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Svein Stølen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,000 (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,725 (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">28,000 (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#da291c; color:white;"> </span> <sup id="cite_ref-UIOColor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UIOColor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uio.no/english">uio.no</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg/220px-Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg/330px-Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg/440px-Universitetet_i_Oslo_sentrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Central campus of the university, where today only the faculty of law is located. These buildings were inspired by the famous buildings of Prussian architect <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Schinkel" title="Karl Friedrich Schinkel">Karl Friedrich Schinkel</a> in Berlin.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>University of Oslo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">Universitetet i Oslo</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Universitas Osloensis</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation#Europe" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest university</a> in Norway and consistently considered the country's leading university, one of the highest ranked universities in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a> and one of world's hundred highest ranked universities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally named the Royal Frederick University, the university was established in 1811 as the de facto Norwegian continuation of <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a>'s common university, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a>, with which it shares many traditions. It was named for King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a> and Norway, and received its current name in 1939. The university was commonly nicknamed "The Royal Frederick's" (<i>Det Kgl. Frederiks</i>) before the name change, and informally also referred to simply as <i>Universitetet</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the university</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). </p><p>The university was the only university in Norway until the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">University of Bergen</a> was founded in 1946. It has approximately 27,700 students and employs around 6,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its faculties include (<a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>) theology (with the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a> having been Norway's <a href="/wiki/State_church" class="mw-redirect" title="State church">state church</a> since 1536), law, medicine, <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>, mathematics, <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, and education. The university's original <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical</a> campus is located in the centre of Oslo; it is currently occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oslo">Faculty of Law</a>. Most of the university's other faculties are located at the newer <a href="/wiki/Blindern" title="Blindern">Blindern</a> campus in the suburban <a href="/wiki/East_End_and_West_End_of_Oslo" title="East End and West End of Oslo">West End</a>. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area. The university also includes some formally independent, <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Affiliated_institutes">affiliated institutes</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_International_Climate_and_Environmental_Research" title="Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research">Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research</a> (CICERO), <a href="/wiki/NKVTS" class="mw-redirect" title="NKVTS">NKVTS</a> and the Frisch Centre. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> was awarded in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo_Faculty_of_Law" title="University of Oslo Faculty of Law">the university's Atrium</a>, from 1947 to 1989 and in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> is awarded in the Atrium. Five researchers affiliated with the university have been Nobel laureates<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and three have been Turing Award winners. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/University_of_Oslo" title="Special:EditPage/University of Oslo">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg/220px-Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg/330px-Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg/440px-Fiedrichvidenmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a> and Norway was the founder of the university.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1811, a decision was made to establish the first university in the Dano-Norwegian Union, after an agreement was reached with King Frederik VI, who had earlier believed that such an institution might encourage political separatist tendencies. In 1813, The Royal Frederik's University was founded in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Christiania</a> (now Oslo), a small city at that time. Circumstances then changed dramatically one year into the commencement<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="commencement in the context of a university often means the ceremony when students graduate (July 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of the university, as Norway proclaimed independence. However, independence was somewhat restricted, as Norway was obliged to enter into a <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">personal union with Sweden</a> based on the outcome of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War" title="Swedish–Norwegian War">Swedish-Norwegian War of 1814</a>. Norway retained its own constitution and independent state institutions, although royal power and foreign affairs were shared<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="sharing royal power, does that mean there was more than one royal person in charge? (July 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with Sweden. At a time when Norwegians feared political domination by the Swedes, the new university became a key institution that contributed to Norwegian political and cultural independence. </p><p>The main initial function of The Royal Frederick University was to educate a new class of upper-echelon civil servants, as well as parliamentary representatives and government ministers. The university also became the centre for a survey of the country—a survey of culture, language, history and folk traditions. The staff of the university strove to undertake a wide range of tasks necessary for developing a modern society. Throughout the 1800s, the university's academic disciplines gradually became more specialised. </p><p>One of the major changes in the university came during the 1870s when a greater emphasis was placed upon research, the management of the university became more professional, academic subjects were reformed, and the forms of teaching evolved. <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classical</a> education came under increasing pressure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what sort of pressure, to cease existence or to put through a greater number of students? (July 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the university became important for producing highly educated experts in a society which placed increasing emphasis on ensuring that all its citizens enjoy a life of dignity and security. Education, health services and public administration were among those fields that recruited personnel from the university's graduates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–1945"><span id="1900.E2.80.931945"></span>1900–1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1900–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research changed qualitatively around the turn of the century as new methods, scientific theories and forms of practice changed the nature of research. It was decided that teachers should arrive at their posts as highly qualified academics and continue academic research alongside their role as teachers. Scientific research—whether to launch or test out new theories, to innovate or to pave the way for discoveries across a wide range of disciplines—became part of the increased expectations placed on the university. Developments in society created a need for more and more specialised and practical knowledge, not merely competence in theology or law, for example. The university strove to meet these expectations through increasing academic specialisation. </p><p>The position of rector was established by Parliament in 1905 following the Dissolution of the Union. Waldemar Christofer Brøgger was Professor of Geology and became the university's first rector. Brøgger vacillated between a certain pessimism and a powerfully energetic attitude regarding how to procure finances for research and fulfill his more general funding objectives. With the establishment of the national research council after World War II, Brøgger's vision was largely fulfilled; research received funding independent of teaching. This coincided with a massive rise in student enrollment during the 1960s, which again made it difficult to balance research with the demands for teaching. In the years leading up to 1940, research was more strongly linked with the growth of the nation, with progress and self-assertion; research was also seen to contribute to Norway's commitment to international academic and cultural development. </p><p>During the period after World War I, research among Norwegian researchers resulted in two Nobel prizes. The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel prize in Economics">Nobel prize in Economics</a> was awarded to <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a>. The Nobel prize in Chemistry was awarded to <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a>. In the field of linguistics, several Norwegian researchers distinguished themselves internationally. Increased research activity during the first half of the 1900s was part of an international development that also included Norway. Student enrollment doubled between 1911 and 1940, and students were recruited from increasingly broad geographical, gender and social bases. The working class was still largely left behind, however. </p><p>During the German occupation, which lasted from 1940 to 1945, the university rector, <a href="/wiki/Didrik_Arup_Seip" title="Didrik Arup Seip">Didrik Arup Seip</a>, was imprisoned. The university was then placed under the management of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hoel" title="Adolf Hoel">Adolf Hoel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">NS</a> (Norwegian Nazi Party) appointee. A number of students participated in the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norwegian resistance movement</a>; after fire was set in the university auditorium, Reich Commissar Terboven ordered the university closed and the students arrested. A number of students and teachers were detained by the Germans nearly until the end of the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–2000"><span id="1945.E2.80.932000"></span>1945–2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1945–2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After WWII, public authorities made loans available to students whose families were unable to provide financial assistance; the State Educational Loan Fund for Young Students was established in 1947. As a result, the post-war years saw a record increase in student numbers. Many of these students had been unable to begin their studies or had seen their studies interrupted because of the war; they could now enroll. For the 1945 autumn semester, 5951 students registered at the university. This represented the highest student enrollment at UiO up to that time. In 1947, the number had risen to more than 6000 students. This represented a 50 per cent increase in the number of students compared to the number enrolled before the war. </p><p>In no prior period had one decade brought so many changes for the university as the 1960s. The decade represented an unparalleled period of growth. From 1960 to 1970, student enrollment tripled, rising from 5,600 to 16,800. This tremendous influx would have been enough in itself to transform the way the university was perceived, from both the inside and the outside. As it turned out, the changes were even more comprehensive. The university campus at Blindern was expanded, and the number of academic and administrative employees rose. The number of academic positions doubled, from fewer than 500 to around 1,200. The increase in the number of students and staff transformed traditional forms of work and organisation. The expansion of the Blindern complex allowed the accommodation of 7,000 students. The explosive rise in student numbers during the 1960s impacted the Blindern campus in particular. The faculties situated in central Oslo—Law and Medicine—experienced only a doubling in student enrollment during the 1960s, while the number of students in the humanities and social sciences tripled. </p><p>By 1968, revolutionary political ideas had taken root in earnest among university students. The "Student Uprising" became a turning point in the history of universities throughout the western world. Often, the outlook for students in the 1960s was bleak. More than ever before came from non-academic backgrounds and had few role models. The "University of the Masses" was unable to lift all its students to the "lofty, elite positions" enjoyed by prior generations of academics. Many students dissociated themselves, therefore, from the so-called "establishment" and from the way it functioned. Many were impatient and wanted to use their knowledge to change society. It was thought that academics should stand in solidarity with the underprivileged. </p><p>The most fundamental change in the student population was the increasing proportion of female students. Throughout the 1970s, the number of women increased until it made up the majority of students. At the same time, the university became a centre for the organised <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's liberation movement</a>, which emerged in the 1970s. </p><p>Up until the millennium, the number of students enrolled at the university rose exponentially. In 1992, UiO implemented a restriction on admissions for all of its faculties for the first time. A large part of the explanation for the high student numbers was thought to be found in the poor job market. In 1996, there were 38,265 students enrolled at UiO. This level was approximately 75 per cent above the average during the 1970s and 1980s. The strong rise in student numbers during the 1990s was attributed partly to the poor labour market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_Norway" title="Academic ranks in Norway">Academic ranks in Norway</a></div> <p>The highest position at the university is Professor, i.e. "full Professor." In Norway, the title "Professor," which is protected by law, is only used for full professors. Before 1990, all professors were appointed for life to their <a href="/wiki/Chair_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair (academic)">chairs</a> by the <a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a>, i.e. by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">King</a> upon the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Norway">Cabinet</a>. The position below Professor was historically Docent (translated as Reader in a UK context and Professor in an American context). In 1985, all Docents became full professors. The most common positions below that are <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rsteamanuensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Førsteamanuensis">førsteamanuensis</a></i> (translated as Associate Professor), and <i><a href="/wiki/Amanuensis" title="Amanuensis">amanuensis</a></i> or <i>universitetslektor</i> (translated as Lecturer or Assistant Professor). At the University of Oslo, almost all new permanent positions are announced at the Associate Professor level; an associate professor may apply for promotion to full professor if he or she holds the necessary competence. </p><p>Additionally, there are temporary, qualifying positions such as <i>stipendiat</i> (Research Fellow) and <i>postdoktor</i> (Postdoctoral Fellow). </p><p>A small number of employees with few or no teaching obligations hold the special research career pathway ranks <i>researcher</i>, <i>senior researcher</i> and <i>research professor</i>, which correspond to assistant professor, associate professor and professor, respectively. </p><p>Several other less common academic positions also exist. Historically, only professors had the right to vote and be represented in the governing bodies of the university. Originally, all professors were automatically members of the <i>Collegium Academicum</i>, the highest governing body of the university, but soon afterwards its membership was limited. Docents were granted the right to vote and be represented in 1939 and other academics and students in 1955. In 1975, the technical-administrative support staff was also granted the right to vote and be represented in certain bodies, as the last group. Formerly by law, and now by tradition, the highest positions, such as Rector or Dean, are only held by professors. They are elected by the academic community (academics and students) and by the technical-administrative support staff, but the votes of the academics carry significantly more weight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Faculties">Faculties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Faculties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university's research structure consists of eight schools, or "faculties." They are the Faculties of Dentistry, Educational Sciences, Humanities, Law, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Medicine, Social Sciences and Theology.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university's old campus, strongly influenced by Prussian architect <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Schinkel" title="Karl Friedrich Schinkel">Karl Friedrich Schinkel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical</a> style, is located in the centre of Oslo near the <a href="/wiki/Nationaltheatret" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationaltheatret">National Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace,_Oslo" title="Royal Palace, Oslo">Royal Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Parliament</a>. The old campus was then occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oslo">Faculty of Law</a> and most of the other faculties have been transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Blindern" title="Blindern">Blindern</a> campus in the suburban <a href="/wiki/East_End_and_West_End_of_Oslo" title="East End and West End of Oslo">West End</a>, erected in the 1930s. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology">Theology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Faculty of Theology sponsors 8 research groups in the following fields:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The New Testament</li> <li>Historical Protestantism</li> <li>Interreligious studies</li> <li>Jewish Religion and Literature in Persian and Hellenistic Periods</li> <li>Canon and Canonicalization</li> <li>Gender, Theology and Religion</li> <li>Professional Ethics, Diaconal Science and Practical Theology</li> <li>Religious Esthetics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Centre for European Law</li> <li>Department of Criminology and the Sociology of Law</li> <li>Department of Private Law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Research_Center_for_Computers_and_Law" title="Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law">Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law</a> (NRCCL)</li> <li>Department of Public and International Law</li> <li>Norwegian Centre for Human Rights</li> <li>Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universitetet_i_Oslo,_midtbygningen3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Universitetet_i_Oslo%2C_midtbygningen3.jpg/220px-Universitetet_i_Oslo%2C_midtbygningen3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Universitetet_i_Oslo%2C_midtbygningen3.jpg/330px-Universitetet_i_Oslo%2C_midtbygningen3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Universitetet_i_Oslo%2C_midtbygningen3.jpg/440px-Universitetet_i_Oslo%2C_midtbygningen3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oslo">Faculty of Law</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> was awarded in this building until 1989.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UiO_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UiO_004.jpg/220px-UiO_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UiO_004.jpg/330px-UiO_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UiO_004.jpg/440px-UiO_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>The library building at the Blindern campus, houses the Library of Arts and Social Sciences.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Institute of Health and Society</li> <li>Institute of Basic Medical Sciences</li> <li>Institute of Clinical Medicine</li></ul> <p>Centres of Excellence: </p> <ul><li>Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)</li> <li>Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR)</li> <li>Centre for Cancer Biomedicine (CCB)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanities">Humanities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Humanities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Faculty of Humanities is the University of Oslo's largest faculty, and has approximately 8000 students and 917 employees. </p> <ul><li>Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History</li> <li>Department of Cultural Studies and Oriental Languages</li> <li>Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas</li> <li>Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages</li> <li>Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies</li> <li>Department of Media and Communication</li> <li>Department of Musicology</li> <li>Centre for Ibsen Studies</li> <li>Centre for the Study of Mind in Nature</li> <li>The Norwegian University Centre in St. Petersburg</li> <li>The Norwegian Institute in Rome</li> <li>Centre for French-Norwegian research cooperation within the social sciences and the humanities</li> <li>Center for Development and Environment</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Informatic_Department_UiO_(Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Informatic_Department_UiO_%28Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus%29.JPG/220px-Informatic_Department_UiO_%28Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Informatic_Department_UiO_%28Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus%29.JPG/330px-Informatic_Department_UiO_%28Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Informatic_Department_UiO_%28Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus%29.JPG/440px-Informatic_Department_UiO_%28Ole-Johan_Dahls_hus%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The building for the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Informatics,_University_of_Oslo" title="Department of Informatics, University of Oslo">Department of Informatics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl's</a> house.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics_and_natural_sciences">Mathematics and natural sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mathematics and natural sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Department of Biosciences</li> <li>Department of Chemistry</li> <li>Department of Geosciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Informatics,_University_of_Oslo" title="Department of Informatics, University of Oslo">Department of Informatics</a></li> <li>Department of Mathematics</li> <li>Department of Physics</li> <li>Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics</li> <li>Department of Pharmacy</li> <li>Department of Technology Systems</li> <li>Centre for Entrepreneurship</li> <li>Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED)</li> <li>Centre for Material sciences and Nanotechnology (SMN)</li> <li>Centre of Mathematics for Applications (CMA)</li> <li>Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Theoretical_and_Computational_Chemistry" title="Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry">Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry</a> (CTCC)</li> <li>Centre for Innovative Natural Gass Processes and Products (inGAP)</li> <li>Centre for Accelerator Based Research and Energy Physics (SAFE)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dentistry">Dentistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dentistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Institute of Oral Biology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Clinical_Dentistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Clinical Dentistry">Institute of Clinical Dentistry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_sciences">Social sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Social sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Sociology_and_Human_Geography,_University_of_Oslo" title="Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo">Department of Sociology and Human Geography</a></li> <li>Department of Political Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Psychology,_University_of_Oslo" title="Department of Psychology, University of Oslo">Department of Psychology</a></li> <li>Department of Social Anthropology</li> <li>Department of Economics</li> <li>Centre for technology, innovation and culture</li> <li>ARENA – Centre for European Studies</li> <li>Centre of Equality, Social Organization, and Performance (ESOP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Department of Teacher Education and School Research</li> <li>Department of Special Needs Education</li> <li>Department for Educational Research</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Educational_Measurement_at_the_University_of_Oslo" title="Centre for Educational Measurement at the University of Oslo">Centre for Educational Measurement at the University of Oslo (CEMO)</a></li> <li>InterMedia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_units">Other units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Oslo has several units which are not part of one of the faculties, including some interdisciplinary research centres, research centres abroad, the scientific museums, and libraries: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_centres_and_other_special_units">Research centres and other special units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Research centres and other special units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo</li> <li>Centre for Gender Research</li> <li>Norwegian Institute in Rome (wholly owned by the university)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_Rosendal" title="Barony Rosendal">Barony Rosendal</a> (wholly owned by the university)</li> <li>Molecular Life Science</li> <li>International Summer School</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG/300px-Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG/450px-Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG/600px-Domus_Media_s%C3%B8yler.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Stairs leading from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo_Faculty_of_Law" title="University of Oslo Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a>'s <i>Domus Media</i> to University Square on <a href="/wiki/Karl_Johans_gate" title="Karl Johans gate">Karl Johan's Street</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiliated_institutes">Affiliated institutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Affiliated institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Affiliated institutes are independent institutes that have a formal cooperation agreement with and close ties to the University of Oslo. Most of them were established by the University of Oslo, but have been organised as entities formally separate from the university for various reasons. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_International_Climate_and_Environmental_Research" title="Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research">Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research</a></li> <li>Frisch Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Centre_for_Violence_and_Traumatic_Stress_Studies" title="Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies">Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Studies_of_the_Holocaust_and_Religious_Minorities_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities (Norway)">Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simula_Research_Laboratory" title="Simula Research Laboratory">Simula Research Laboratory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library">Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boksal_ved_universitetsbiblioteket_i_Kristiania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Boksal_ved_universitetsbiblioteket_i_Kristiania.png/220px-Boksal_ved_universitetsbiblioteket_i_Kristiania.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Boksal_ved_universitetsbiblioteket_i_Kristiania.png/330px-Boksal_ved_universitetsbiblioteket_i_Kristiania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Boksal_ved_universitetsbiblioteket_i_Kristiania.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Former University Library reading room</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo_Library" title="University of Oslo Library">University of Oslo Library</a></div> <ul><li>Library of Medicine and Health Sciences</li> <li>Library of Humanities and Social Sciences</li> <li>Faculty of Law Library</li> <li>Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Library</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Natural history</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_at_the_University_of_Oslo" title="Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo">Naturhistorisk museum (Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo)</a></div> <ul><li>Mineralogical-geological Museum</li> <li>Paleontological Museum</li> <li>Zoological Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Botanical_Garden_(Oslo)" title="University Botanical Garden (Oslo)">Botanical Garden</a></li> <li>Botanical Museum</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cultural history</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Cultural_History,_Oslo" title="Museum of Cultural History, Oslo">Museum of Cultural History, Oslo</a></div> <ul><li>Historical Museum</li> <li>Collection of Coins and Medals</li> <li>Ethnographic Museum</li> <li>Viking Ship Museum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg/220px-Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg/330px-Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg/440px-Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="4960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> was Professor of Zoology and Rector-elect, and was also known as an explorer, humanitarian and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan_Galtung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Johan_Galtung.jpg/220px-Johan_Galtung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Johan_Galtung.jpg/330px-Johan_Galtung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Johan_Galtung.jpg/440px-Johan_Galtung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1519" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johan_Galtung" title="Johan Galtung">Johan Galtung</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">peace and conflict studies</a>, held the world's first chair in that discipline at the University of Oslo 1969–1977</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oslo_people" title="List of University of Oslo people">List of University of Oslo people</a></div> <p>The University of Oslo has a long list of notable academics and alumni, spanning the fields of scholarship covered by the university. The university is home to five Nobel Prize winners and is institutionally tied to some of the most prestigious prizes in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> was awarded in the university's atrium between 1947 and 1989, thus making it the only university to host a Nobel Prize ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> is awarded in the university's atrium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics">Academics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the notable academics of the university are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Aubert" title="Vilhelm Aubert">Vilhelm Aubert</a> (Professor of Sociology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bailliet" title="Cecilia Bailliet">Cecilia Bailliet</a> (Professor of Law) and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">UN special rapporteur</a> on human rights<sup id="cite_ref-cb_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Barth" title="Fredrik Barth">Fredrik Barth</a> (Professor of Social Anthropology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Bing" title="Jon Bing">Jon Bing</a> (Professor of Law; pioneer of legal <a href="/wiki/Informatics_(academic_field)" class="mw-redirect" title="Informatics (academic field)">informatics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Christie" title="Nils Christie">Nils Christie</a> (Professor of Criminology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a> (Professor of Computer Science)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_Stang_Dahl" title="Tove Stang Dahl">Tove Stang Dahl</a> (Professor of Law; pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist jurisprudence">feminist jurisprudence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_Gi%C3%A6ver" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivar Giæver">Ivar Giæver</a> (Professor of Physics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Galtung" title="Johan Galtung">Johan Galtung</a> (Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies; founder of <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">the field</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Goldschmidt" title="Victor Goldschmidt">Victor Goldschmidt</a> (Professor of Mineralogy and Petrography, founder of geochemistry and crystal chemistry)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gr%C3%B8nseth" title="Erik Grønseth">Erik Grønseth</a> (Professor of Sociology; founder of Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Family_sociology" class="mw-redirect" title="Family sociology">family sociology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hagerup" title="Francis Hagerup">Francis Hagerup</a> (Professor of Law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viggo_Hagstr%C3%B8m" title="Viggo Hagstrøm">Viggo Hagstrøm</a> (Professor of Law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a> (Professor of Chemistry)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Holter" title="Harriet Holter">Harriet Holter</a> (Professor of Social Psychology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a> (Professor of Economics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mathiesen" title="Thomas Mathiesen">Thomas Mathiesen</a> (Professor of Sociology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> (Professor of Zoology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnved_Nedkvitne" title="Arnved Nedkvitne">Arnved Nedkvitne</a> (Professor of History)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Arne Næss</a> (Professor of Philosophy; founder of <a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">deep ecology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a> (Professor of Computer Science)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Reenskaug" title="Trygve Reenskaug">Trygve Reenskaug</a> (Professor of Informatics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibeke_Roggen" title="Vibeke Roggen">Vibeke Roggen</a> (Associate Professor of Classics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophus_Lie" title="Sophus Lie">Sophus Lie</a> (Professor of Mathematics, pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Abstract_algebra" title="Abstract algebra">abstract algebra</a>; largely created the theory of <a href="/wiki/Continuous_symmetry" title="Continuous symmetry">continuous symmetry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ludwig_Mejdell_Sylow" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow">Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow</a> (Professor of Mathematics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Marstrander" title="Carl Marstrander">Carl Marstrander</a> (Professor of Celtic Languages)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Morgenstierne" title="Georg Morgenstierne">Georg Morgenstierne</a> (Professor of Linguistics)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel" title="Niels Henrik Abel">Niels Henrik Abel</a> (1802–1829) – mathematician, the <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> in mathematics is named in his honour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a> – former prime minister of Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98yvind_Ellingsen" title="Øyvind Ellingsen">Øyvind Ellingsen</a> (born 1952) – Norwegian cardiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Erke" title="Elisabeth Erke">Elisabeth Erke</a> (born 1962) – Norwegian Sami educator and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85se_Kleveland" title="Åse Kleveland">Åse Kleveland</a> – Norwegian singer and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> – Arctic explorer and Nobel Prize laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a> – former American astronaut, walked on the Moon during <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrit_Selimi" title="Petrit Selimi">Petrit Selimi</a> – deputy minister of foreign affairs of Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Spencer_(politician)" title="Baldwin Spencer (politician)">Baldwin Spencer</a> – prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> – former prime minister of Norway and secretary general of NATO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Thorud" title="Andreas Thorud">Andreas Thorud</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Torgersen" title="Olav Torgersen">Olav Torgersen</a> (1907 – 1978) – physician, pathologist and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ethnographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographer">ethnographer</a>, adventurer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A5re_Willoch" title="Kåre Willoch">Kåre Willoch</a> – former prime minister of Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Hoff" title="Ingeborg Hoff">Ingeborg Hoff</a> – Norwegian linguist, who later was Senior Archivist at the Norwegian Dialect Archive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sejersted_Selmer" title="Ernst Sejersted Selmer">Ernst S. Selmer</a> - mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atle_Selberg" title="Atle Selberg">Atle Selberg</a> - mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A5rd_Guldvik_Eithun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bård Guldvik Eithun (page does not exist)">Bård Guldvik Eithun</a> - Norwegian Black Metal Musician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rectors">Rectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rectors_of_the_University_of_Oslo" title="List of rectors of the University of Oslo">List of rectors of the University of Oslo</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seal">Seal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Seal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Apollo_seal.svg/220px-Apollo_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Apollo_seal.svg/330px-Apollo_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Apollo_seal.svg/440px-Apollo_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="162" /></a><figcaption>An older version of the university seal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seal_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (device)">seal</a> of the University of Oslo features <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a>, and dates from 1835. The seal has been redesigned several times, most recently in 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fees">Fees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Fees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like all public institutions of higher education in Norway, the university does not charge tuition fees. However, a small fee of 600 <abbr title="Norwegian krone">kr</abbr> (roughly <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$70</span>) per term goes to the student welfare organisation <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Student_Life_in_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation for Student Life in Oslo">Foundation for Student Life in Oslo</a>, to subsidise kindergartens, health services, housing and cultural initiatives, the weekly newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Universitas_(newspaper)" title="Universitas (newspaper)">Universitas</a></i> and the radio station <a href="/wiki/Radio_Nova_(Norway)" title="Radio Nova (Norway)">Radio Nova</a>. </p><p>In addition the students are charged a copy and paper fee of 200 <abbr title="Norwegian krone">kr</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (roughly <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$25</span>) for full-time students and 100 <abbr title="Norwegian krone">kr</abbr> (roughly <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$12</span>) for part-time students. Lastly a voluntary sum of 40 <abbr title="Norwegian krone">kr</abbr> (roughly <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$5</span>) is donated to SAIH (Studentenes og Akademikernes Internasjonale Hjelpefond). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rankings">Rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-arwu_w_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arwu_w-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">72 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-qs_w_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qs_w-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">117 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-the_w_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_w-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">127 (2024)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a> ranked UiO 73rd worldwide and the best in Norway,<sup id="cite_ref-arwu_w_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arwu_w-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a> ranked UiO 127th<sup id="cite_ref-the_w_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_w-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 2024 rankings of the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> ranked UiO 117th worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-qs_w_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qs_w-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2022 <a href="/wiki/Webometrics_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Webometrics Ranking of World Universities">Webometrics Ranking of World Universities</a> ranked UiO 94th worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2022 rankings of the <a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Center_for_World_University_Rankings" title="College and university rankings">Center for World University Rankings</a> (CWUR), which "publishes the only global university ranking that measures the quality of education and training of students as well as the prestige of the faculty members and the quality of their research without relying on surveys and university data submissions",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranked UiO 99th worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_cooperation">International cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: International cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Oslo administers the <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Steffens_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrik Steffens Professor">Henrik Steffens Professorship</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a> jointly with the Humboldt University. The professorship was established and is funded by the Norwegian government.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university participates to several of the experiments in the CERN research programme.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_Blindern_tram_stop" title="Universitetet Blindern tram stop">Universitet Blindern</a> is a tram stop on the Ullevål Hageby Line and it is near the university. The <a href="/wiki/Blindern_(station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindern (station)">Blindern</a> metro station, is only near the university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Norway" title="Higher education in Norway">Higher education in Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_universities_in_Europe_(1801%E2%80%931945)" title="List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)">List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search?query=%22Universitas+Osloensis%22&sin=TXT">"Search"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522Universitas%2BOsloensis%2522%26sin%3DTXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Oslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edumaritime.net/norway/scandinavian-institute-of-maritime-law-oslo">"University of Oslo (UiO) - Maritime & North Sea Energy Law Education"</a>. <i>EduMaritime.net</i>. 25 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fargepalett&rft.pub=University+of+Oslo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uio.no%2Fom%2Fdesignmanual%2Fprofilelementer%2Ffargepalett%2Findex.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Oslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khrono.no/inne-pa-topp-100-i-rangering-av-21000-universiteter/874647">"Inne på topp 100 i rangering av 21.000 universiteter"</a>. <i>Khrono</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oslo participation"</a>. <i>greybook.cern.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greybook.cern.ch&rft.atitle=List+of+institutes%E2%80%94U.+Oslo+participation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreybook.cern.ch%2Fgreybook%2Finstitute%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D003683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Oslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John Peter Collett: <i>Historien om Universitetet i Oslo</i>, Universitetsforlaget 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788200129370" title="Special:BookSources/9788200129370">9788200129370</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Oslo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Oslo" title="Template:University of Oslo"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #000000">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Oslo" title="Template talk:University of Oslo"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #000000">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Oslo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Oslo"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #000000">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Oslo170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Oslo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1943_University_of_Oslo_fire" title="1943 University of Oslo fire">1943 fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blindern" title="Blindern">Blindern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo_Faculty_of_Law" title="University of Oslo Faculty of Law">Downtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universitetsplassen" title="Universitetsplassen">Universitetsplassen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo_Faculty_of_Law" title="University of Oslo Faculty of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Institutes and centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Institute_at_Athens" title="Norwegian Institute at Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Ibsen_Studies" title="Centre for Ibsen Studies">Ibsen Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Clinical_Dentistry_(Oslo)" title="Institute of Clinical Dentistry (Oslo)">Clinical Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Research_Center_for_Computers_and_Law" title="Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law">Computers and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_and_the_Environment" title="Centre for Development and the Environment">Development and the Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Gender_Institute" title="Nordic Gender Institute">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Norwegian Centre for Human Rights">Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Internet_Exchange" title="Norwegian Internet Exchange">Internet Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Psychology,_University_of_Oslo" title="Department of Psychology, University of Oslo">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Sociology_and_Human_Geography,_University_of_Oslo" title="Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo">Sociology and Human Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Library_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="University Library of Oslo">University Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Cultural_History,_Oslo" title="Museum of Cultural History, Oslo">Museum of Cultural History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Viking Ship Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_at_the_University_of_Oslo" title="Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo">Natural History Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_Botanical_Garden_(Oslo)" title="University Botanical Garden (Oslo)">Botanical Garden</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_University_Hospital" title="Oslo University Hospital">Oslo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_University_Hospital,_Aker" title="Oslo University Hospital, Aker">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_University_Hospital,_Radiumhospitalet" title="Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet"> Radiumhospitalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_University_Hospital,_Rikshospitalet" title="Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet">Rikshospitalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_University_Hospital,_Ullev%C3%A5l" title="Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål">Ullevål</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akershus_University_Hospital" title="Akershus University Hospital">Akershus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Affiliated_institutes">Affiliated institutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Centre_for_Violence_and_Traumatic_Stress_Studies" title="Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies">Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Studies_of_the_Holocaust_and_Religious_Minorities" title="Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities">Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_International_Climate_and_Environmental_Research" title="Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research">International Climate and Environmental Research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frisch_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frisch Centre (page does not exist)">Frisch Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simula_Research_Laboratory" title="Simula Research Laboratory">Simula Research Laboratory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollon_(Norwegian_magazine)" title="Apollon (Norwegian magazine)">Apollon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ibsen_Studies" title="Ibsen Studies">Ibsen Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Journal_of_Human_Rights" title="Nordic Journal of Human Rights">Nordic Journal of Human Rights</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Journal_of_Philosophical_Logic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic (page does not exist)">Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffff;color: #000000;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chateau_Neuf" title="Chateau Neuf">Chateau Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Student_Life_in_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation for Student Life in Oslo">Foundation for Student Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Students%27_Society" title="Norwegian Students' Society">Students' Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universitas_(newspaper)" title="Universitas (newspaper)"><i>Universitas</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe_(UNICA)115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNICA" title="Template:UNICA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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University">Ankara (METU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Freie Universität Berlin">Berlin (FU Berlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Berlin (HU Berlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comenius_University_in_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius University in Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Brussels (ULB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Brussel" title="Vrije Universiteit Brussel">Brussels (VUB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">Dublin (UCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky_Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">Lausanne (UNIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">Lisbon (ULisboa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Nova_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Nova de Lisboa">Lisbon (NOVA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">London (KCL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_University_of_Madrid" title="Charles III University of Madrid">Madrid (UC3M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Madrid (UCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_School_of_Economics" title="Higher School of Economics">Moscow (HSE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cyprus" title="University of Cyprus">Nicosia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres_University" title="Paris Sciences et Lettres University">Paris (PSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sorbonne_Nouvelle" title="Université Sorbonne Nouvelle">Paris (USN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iceland" title="University of Iceland">Reykjavík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">Riga (Latvia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome-La Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_Tor_Vergata" title="University of Rome Tor Vergata">Rome-Tor Vergata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ss._Cyril_and_Methodius_University_of_Skopje" title="Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje">Skopje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_University" title="Sofia University">Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University" title="Tallinn University">Tallinn (TU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University_of_Technology" title="Tallinn University of Technology">Tallinn (TalTech)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tirana" title="University of Tirana">Tirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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talk:Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities">The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> : <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">University of Louvain (UCLouvain)</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> : <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> : <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_Cit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Paris Cité">Université Paris Cité</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> : <a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Oslo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" title="Radboud University Nijmegen">Radboud University Nijmegen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> : <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> : <a href="/wiki/Babe%C8%99-Bolyai_University" title="Babeș-Bolyai University">Babeș-Bolyai University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> : <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> : <a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_Norway599" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Norway" title="Template:Universities and colleges in Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_Norway" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_Norway599" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Norway" title="List of universities in Norway">Universities and colleges in Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Established state universities (U5 group)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Life_Sciences" title="Norwegian University of Life Sciences">Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Norwegian University of Science and Technology">NTNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Troms%C3%B8" title="University of Tromsø">Tromsø</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New state universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Agder" title="University of Agder">Agder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Inland_Norway" title="University of Inland Norway">Inland Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_University" title="Nord University">Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Metropolitan_University" title="Oslo Metropolitan University">Oslo Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South-Eastern_Norway" title="University of South-Eastern Norway">South-Eastern Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stavanger" title="University of Stavanger">Stavanger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State specialised universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_School_of_Architecture_and_Design" title="Oslo School of Architecture and Design">Architecture and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_National_Academy_of_the_Arts" title="Oslo National Academy of the Arts">the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_School_of_Economics" title="Norwegian School of Economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molde_University_College" title="Molde University College">Molde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Music" title="Norwegian Academy of Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_School_of_Sport_Sciences" title="Norwegian School of Sport Sciences">Sport Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private specialised universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BI_Norwegian_Business_School" title="BI Norwegian Business School">BI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MF_Norwegian_School_of_Theology,_Religion_and_Society" title="MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society">MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VID_Specialized_University" title="VID Specialized University">VID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State university colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Norwegian_Defence_University_College_(NDUC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Norwegian Defence University College (NDUC) (page does not exist)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_University_College" title="Norwegian Police University College">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Sámi University of Applied Sciences">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volda_University_College" title="Volda University College">Volda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Norway_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Western Norway University of Applied Sciences">Western Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold_University_College" title="Østfold University College">Østfold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private university colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansgar_University_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansgar University College (page does not exist)">Ansgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_School_of_Architecture" title="Bergen School of Architecture">BAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fjellhaug_International_University_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjellhaug International University College (page does not exist)">Fjellhaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristiania_University_College" title="Kristiania University College">Kristiania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_School_of_Leadership_and_Theology" title="Norwegian School of Leadership and Theology">Leadership and Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lovisenberg_Diaconal_University_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lovisenberg Diaconal University College (page does not exist)">Lovisenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLA_University_College" title="NLA University College">NLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_University_College" title="Queen Maud University College">Queen Maud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Norway#University_colleges_with_accredited_study_programs" title="List of universities in Norway">University colleges with accredited study programs</a></i> <br />There are also several institutions with approved studies at college level, but without institutional accreditation as a college. These still have the right to call themselves a university college.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3174" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486156#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419368921">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145844349">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1013645-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043342">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12000281t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12000281t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35402338">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Universitetet i Oslo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003183549&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kongelige Frederiks universitet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003183550&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX162119">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90054554">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000204420&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000076277&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=127108">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812226584305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/4436">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007269096805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058609819706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/27db7d34-4819-4c3e-ae7f-35c82fb053cd">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12149260?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500304239">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/940134">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028101138">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmcip.net/node/111">ELMCIP</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output 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